SULIT

) L+I LI L
Secti on A
Bahagian A
140
marksl
140
markahl
Answer all
questions ln this secfion.
Jawab semua soal an.
1 Sol ve the fol l owi ng si mul taneous equati ons:
Gi ve your answers correcl to three deci mal
pl aces.
Selesaikan persamaan serentak berikut :
Berikan
jawapan anda betul kepada tiga titik perpuluhan.
P+2q
=l
p' - 3p+2q'
=3
[5
marks]
15
markahl
2 A curve has a gradi ent functi on co.t -2x, where a i s a constant. The tangent to
the curve at the poi nt (1,3) i s perpendi cul ar to the strai ght l i ne 2y
= *x
+3 ,
Satu lengkung mempunyai fungsi kecerunan axt -2x
,
di mana a adalah pemalar.
Tangen kepada lengkung pada titik (1,3) adalah bersereniang dengan garis lurus
2Y=- x+3'
Fi nd
Cari
(a) the val ue of a, [3
marks]
nilai bagi a
, 13
markah)
(b) the equation of the curve. 13
marksl
persamaan lengkung tersebut. 13
markah)
3472t2
SULIT
SULlT
[ ]"*_
2
BAHAGIAN A
Sol uti on
3472t2
Sub
marks
roGi
marks
1- n
p=1- 2q Or q=- - ' .
l Pl I
2l l
El i mi nat e p or q
"( 1 - 2q) ' - 3. ( 1
*2q)
+
2q2- 3
=
O
Or
p2- 3p
+2"( \ P
) 2- 3*- 0
?_
or eoui val ent
6q' +2q- 5=0
3p' - 8p- 5=0
Sol ve t l re quadrat i c
equat i on by usi ng t he
factorization
@
quadrati c formul a
@
compl et i nq t he sq
-z r
J+
-"(oX-sj
2(6)
ri i&4:ll3&t
2( 3)
q=0. 761, - 1. 095
or
p=- 0. 523, 3. 189
I
p: - 0. 523, 3. 189
(9
q
=
0. 761, -
1. 095
if the working clf solving quadratic equation is not shown
ILi hat
sebel ah
SULI T
347212 l l ak Ci pta JPNJ 2009
t_
Jt*+"'
- 2x)rtx
a=4
Sol ut i on
SULI T 347212
2
a)
i , ,
"/ -
axt -zx
dx
2y=- y+J
I
I
fl'ln
=
- -
2
*1r=2
E]
substi tute x
=
1 i n to axo -2x
=
2
a ( 1) '
- 2( 1) ' = 2
Sub
marks
[Li hat
sebel ah
SULIT
Total
marks
P
FI
Integrate y=
4xo 2x'
v
-
-----.--
' A. )
+L
{- c
Substi tute x
=
1, y= 3 i nto
4xa 2x2
y
= :.i
+
c, to find the
val ue of c.
y=x4- x2+3.
Nqt e:
.y:
J(*4x' '
- Zx)h must have at least 1 ter"m with power increased by
A
t .
347212 t{ak Ci pta JPNJ 2009
SULIT September, 2009
3472/2 Additional Mathematics Paper 2 [Lihat sebelah
SULIT
5
3.
(a) Sketch the graph of 2 sin2 y x = - for 0 2 x p .
(b) Hence, using the same axes, sketch a suitable straight line to find
the number of solutions for the equation sin 2
2
x
x
p
= for
0 2 x p . State the number of solutions.
(a) Lakar graf bagi 2 sin2 y x = - untuk 0 2 x p .
(b) Seterusnya, dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama, lakar satu
garis lurus yang sesuai untuk mencari bilangan penyelesaian
bagi persamaan sin 2
2
x
x
p
= untuk 0 2 x p .
Nyatakan bilangan penyelesaian itu.
[4 marks]
[3 marks]
[4 markah]
[3 markah]
4.
Given that ( )
2
1 x x - is the gradient function of a curve which passes
through the point ) 1 , 1 ( - P . Find
(a) the gradient of the tangent to the curve at P,
(b) the equation of the curve,
(c) the coordinates of the turning point at x = 1 . Hence determine
whether the turning point is a maximum or a minimum point.
[1 mark]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
Diberi ( )
2
1 x x - ialah fungsi kecerunan bagi suatu lengkung yang
melalui titik ) 1 , 1 ( - P . Cari
(a) kecerunan tangen kepada lengkung itu di P,
(b) persamaan lengkung itu,
(c) koordinat bagi titik pusingan pada x = 1 . Seterusnya tentukan
sama ada titik pusingan itu adalah titik maksimum atau titik
minimum.
[1 markah]
[3 markah]
[3 markah]
j2kk
4
N0. SOLUTI ON MARKS
4
(a)
(b)
(c)
( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 2
dy
dx
= - - - = -
3 2
4 3
4 3
( )
4 3
1 1
1
4 3
5
12
5
4 3 12
y x x dx
x x
y c
c
c
x x
y
= -
= - +
= + +
=
= - +

( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 0
0@1
3 2
1 1 0
1 1 5 1
4 3 12 3
dy
x x
dx
x
d y
x x
dx
d y
x
dx
y
= - =
=
= -
= = >
= - + =
1
1,
3



Minimum point.
N1
K1 I ntegr ate gr adient
function
K1 Substi tute (1,1)
i nto equation y
N1
K1 Find
2
2
d y
dx
N1 N1
7
j2kk
Percubaan Addmath Kelantan 2009 Paper 2
Section A
Bahagian A

[40 marks]
[40 markah]

Answer all questions.
Jawab semua soalan.

1 Solve the simultaneous equations n
1
2
m + 1 = 0 and m
2
9 = 2n.
Give your answers correct to three decimal places.
[5 marks]
Selesaikan persamaan serentak n
1
2
m + 1 = 0 dan m
2
9 = 2n.
Beri jawapan anda betul kepada tiga tempat perpuluhan.
[5 markah]


2 A curve with gradient function
2
8
x
x
has a turning point at (k, 6).
Suatu lengkung dengan fungsi kecerunan
2
8
x
x
mempunyai titik pusingan di (k, 6).

(a) Find the value of k. [2 marks]
Cari nilai k. [2 markah]
(b) Determine whether the turning point is a maximum or minimum point. [2 marks]
Tentukan sama ada titik pusingan ini adalah titik maksimum atau titik minimum. [2 markah]
(c) Find the equation of the curve. [3 marks]
Cari persamaan lengkung itu. [3 markah]











ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2009(KELANTAN)
MARKING SCHEME
PAPER 2

No Solution Marks Total

1

n =
1
2
m 1 @ 2n = m 2 @ m = 2n + 2

m
2
9 = 2(
1
2
m 1) @ m
2
9 = m 2 (2n + 2)
2
9 = 2n
m
2
m 7 = 0 4n
2
+ 6n 5 = 0

2
( 1) ( 1) 4(1)( 7)
2(1)
m

= @
2
6 (6) 4(4)( 5)
2(4)
n

=

m = 3.193, 2.193 n = 0.596, 2.096
n = 0.597, 2.097 m = 3.192, 2.192



P1


K1



K1


N1(both)
N1(both)







5





2(a)





(b)






(c)








, k = 2



When x = 2,
2
2 3
16
1 3(
2
d y
dx
= + = > 0)
so, the turning point (2,6) is a minimum point

2
8
y x dx
x
=

2
8
2
x
y c
x
= + +


Therefore,


K1
N1


K1




N1



K1

K1


N1













7
SULIT
3472/2
SULIT
Section A
[40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section .
Jawab semua soalan
1 Solve the following simultaneous equations:
Selesaikan persamaan serentak berikut.
9
2
3 4
2 2 3


y x
y x
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
2 (a) The straight line 6y + x = k is a normal to the curve, y = (3x 2)
2
2 at point P.
Find the coordinates of point P and the value of k. [ 4 marks]
Garis lurus 6y + x = k ialah normal kepada lengkung y = (3x 2)
2
2 pada titik P.
Carikan koordinat titik P dan nilai k. [4 markah]
(b) Given
2
2
dx
y d
= 2x , where y =
3
8
and
dx
dy
= 2 when x = 1. Express y in terms of x
[ 3 marks]
Diberi
2
2
dx
y d
= 2x dimana y =
3
8
dan
dx
dy
= 2 apabila x = 1. Ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x.
[3 markah]
3 ( a) Prove that cosec 2x cot 2x = cot x .
Buktikan bahawa kosec 2x kot 2x = kot x .
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]
( b) (i) Sketch the graph of y = cos 2x for 0 x 2.
Lakarkan graf bagi y = kos 2x untuk 0 x 2.
(ii) Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight line to find the number of solutions to
the equation 2 cos 2x = x for 0 x 2 . State the number of solutions.
Seterusnya, menggunakan paksi yang sama, lukiskan garis lurus yang sesuai untuk mencari
bilangan penyelesaian bagi persamaan 2 kos 2x = x for 0 x 2 .
Nyatakan bilangan penyelesaiannya.
[ 5marks ]
[ 5 markah ]
4
2
NO.
SOALAN
PENYELESAIAN PER
MARKAHAN
1
2 2
2 2 2 3
3 2
8 3 18
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
8 3( ) 18( ) @8( ) 3 18 ( )
3 3 2 2
6 1 0 27 33 8 0
(3 1)(2 1) 0@ (9 8)(3 1) 0
1 1
,
3 2
8 1
,
9 3
y x
x atau y
y x xy
y y x x
y y x x
y y x x
y y x x
y y
x x

P 1
K 1
K 1( factor)
N 1( Value y)
N 1(Value x)
2
a)
1
6
6
n t
m m
6(3x-2) = 6
P (1,-1)
-5 = k
2 2
3
3
( ) 3
2 1 3
3
3
3
3
dy
b x c y x
dx
x
c atau x c
c
x
y x

K1
K1
N1
N1
K1(Integrate)
K1(Value c)
N1
3
x
x
x 2 sin
2 cos
2 sin
1

x x
x
cos sin 2
1 cos 2 1
2

x
x
sin
cos
K1
K1
N1
www.cikgurohaiza.com
www.cikgurohaiza.com
CONFIDENTIAL 3472/2

CONFIDENTIAL
8
(b) Given that k = 4, draw a histogram to represent the frequency distribution of the
mark by using a scale of 2 cm to 10 marks on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1
student on the vertical axis.
Diberi k = 4, lukis sebuah histogram untuk mewakili taburan kekerapan markah
dengan menggunakan skala 2 cm kepada 10 markah pada paksi ufuk dan 2 cm
kepada 1 pelajar pada paksi tegak.

Hence, find the modal mark. [3 marks]
Seterusnya, cari markah mod. [3 markah]

5. (a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve
x
x y
1
3 + = at (1 , 4). [3 marks]
Cari persamaan normal kepada lengkung
x
x y
1
3 + = pada (1 , 4). [3 markah]

(b) Diagram 2 shows a leaking hemispherical container with a radius of r cm.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah bekas bocor yang berbentuk hemisfera dengan jejari
r cm.







Given that the radius of the water surface is decreasing at the rate of 0.1 cm s
1
, find
in terms of , the rate of change of the volume of water in the container at the instant
the radius of the water surface is 20 cm. [3 marks]
Diberi jejari permukaan air menyusut dengan kadar 0.1 cm s
1
, cari dalam sebutan
, kadar perubahan isipadu air dalam bekas itu pada ketika jejari permukaan air
adalah 20 cm. [3 markah]




Diagram 2
Rajah 2
r cm
CONFIDENTIAL 3472/2

CONFIDENTIAL
22

Question Working/Solution Marks Total
4.(a) (i) Use median formula with at least two of the L, N, F, f
and c correctly substituted.
) 10 (
10
10
2
22
5 . 30 5 . 34

+
+ =
k

6 = k

(ii) median mark = 42.5
K1



N1

N1

P1

4(b) Correct axes and uniform scales with all the lower and
upper boundaries correctly labeled and the Height of at
least three bars are proportional to the frequency

Correct way of finding the value of mode.

Modal mark = 35.0
K1



K1

N1






7
5(a)
x
x y
1
3 + =
2
1
3
x dx
dy
=

Find gradient of normal and use ) (
1 1
x x m y y =
at (1 , 4), 2 =
dx
dy

Gradient of normal =
2
1

Equation of normal :
) 1 (
2
1
4 = x y
0 9 2 = + y x or equivalent



P1


K1







N1

5(b)
Get the expression for V and find
dr
dV
to determine the
value of
dr
dV
at r = 20 cm.
3
3
2
r V =
2
2 r
dr
dV
=
Use
dt
dr
dr
dV
dt
dV
=
1 3
2
80
) 1 . 0 ( ) 20 ( 2

=
=
s cm
dt
dV

K1








K1



N1














6
73472/2
4
(a) Without using an ogive , calculate the median mark [ 3 marks ]
Tanpa melukis graf ogif , kirakan nilai median . [3 markah ]
(b) Calculate the variance of the distribution. [ 3 marks ]
Kira varians bagi taburan tersebut . [3 markah ]
a ) Find the equation of the tangent in terms of p to the curve y = 3x2 + I at the point
x=p [3marks]
Cari persamaan tangen bagi lengkung y = 3x2 + I dalam sebutan p pada titik x = p
(3 markah ]
b) Given that y = 2x2- 3x + I , express in terms of p , the approximate change in the
value of y when x increases from 2 to 2 + p where p is a small change . [ 3 marks ]
Diberikan y = 2x2 - 3x + 1 , ungkapkan dalam sebutan p perubahan ndai bagi y apabila x
bertambah dari 2 kepada 2+p dimana p adalah perubahan kecil [ 3 markah ]
c) Given that
y = 2x 3x
find
dy
[2 marks]
x 2 2 dx
Diberikan y =
2x'-3x dy
, can -
[ 2 markah
]
2
x dx
5 a) Sketch the graph of y = I + cos 2x for 0 <- x <_ 2n [ 4 marks ]
Laker graf bagi y = I + cos 2x bagi 0
< - x <_ 2n [ 4markah ]
b) Hence, by drawing a suitable straight line on the same axes
, find the number of
solutions for the equation.
ircos2x+x= 0 for 0 -< < x< 27r
[3marks ]
Seterusnya , dengan melukis satu gars lures di atas paksi yang same,
can bilangan penyelesaian bagi persamaan , r cos 2x + x = 0 untuk 0 <- x < - 2n
[ 3 markah ]
3472/2[ Lihat
sebelah
3
Mean, x =
690
30


= 23


2
=
17490
30
- 23
2

= 54




1


1


1
4
a.) x
dx
dy
6
p m
gent
6
tan

When x = p , y = 3p
2
+ 1
The equation of the tangent is y (3p
2
+ 1) = 6p ( x p )
y = 6px 3p
2
+ 1

b ) 3 4 x
dx
dy

x
dx
dy
y

= ( 4(2) 3 )p
= 5p

C ) y = 2x 3x
-1



2
3
2
x
x
dx
dy




















1




1
1


1


1
1


1

1


www.cikgurohaiza.com

ANSWER TRIAL PAPER 2, 2009
SECTION A
1.
3
4
3 4
x
y or y x

= = 1M
Substitute x or y into eqn. 2. 1M
0 4
3 4
3 4
= +

+
y
y
y
y
or
0 4
)
3
4
(
)
3
4
(
= +

x
x
x
x
or
equivalent.
0 8 4
2
= + y y or
0 8 20
2
= + + x x
) 1 ( 2
) 8 )( 1 ( 4 4 4
2

= y 1M
Or
) 1 ( 2
) 8 )( 1 ( 4 20 20
2

= x
y = 1.464, 5.464 1M
x = 0.392, 20.392 1M

2. (a) 4 9
2
= x
dx
dy
1M

10 ) 4 9 ( ) 18 (
2
x x x 1M
= 3 1M

(b) 0 4 9
2
= x 1M
Determine max. point 1M

9
79
,
3
2
= = y x 1M

3. (a) graph cos 1M,
Max 3 and min 1 1M
1 cycle 1M
Shift up 1 unit 1M


(b) 2
2
=

x
y 1M,
Draw straight line graph 1M
No. of solution = 2 1M

4. (a) [ ] 1760 8 ) 1 ( ) 12 ( 2
2
+ n
n
1M
[Accept =]
Solve 1M
(n 20)(n + 22) = 0
n = 20 1M
(b) 12 + (n 1) 8 = 108 1M
n = 13 1M

(c) 12 + (20 1)(8) 1M
= 164 1M


5. (a) 1.047 1M
094 . 2 = POQ /2.095 1M
(b) QR = 1.047 x 10 1M
10 + 10 + 10.47 1M
= 30.47 1M
(c) A
1
= 094 . 2 10
2
1
2
1M
A
2
=
2 2
5 10 10
2
1
or
equivalent 1M
Area of shaded region
= 61.4 1M
[ 61.39 61.45]

6. (a) L
Q1
= 45.5 and F
Q1
= 18 or f
Q1
= 20
(any 2 values 1M)
Q
1
= ) 5 (
20
18
4
126
5 . 45

+ 1M
= 48.875 1M
(b) Use correct boundaries or mid points
1M
Histogram with all correct frequency
2M
Mode = 53.25 53.75 1M

Section B
7. a)
x
1
0.67 0.5 0.4 0.33 0.25 0.2 0.1
y
1
0.95 0.77 0.64 0.57 0.48 0.42 0.32
1M, 1M
1
3
2
SULIT 9
3472/2 @ 2009 Hak Cipta JPWPKL [Lihat sebelah
SULIT


5 The equation of the straight line k x y = + 13 is normal to the curve 5 3 4
2
= x x y
at the point A.
Persamaan garis lurus k x y = + 13 ialah normal kepada lengkung 5 3 4
2
= x x y
pada titik A.

Find
Cari

(i) the coordinates of the point A, [3 marks]
koordinat titik A, [3 markah]

(ii) the value of k, [2 marks]
nilai k, [2 markah]

(iii) the equation of the tangent at the point A. [2 marks]
persamaan tangen pada titik A. [2 markah]


6 (a) Prove that x
x
x
2
tan
1 2 cos
1 2 cos
=
+

. [2 marks]

Buktikan x
x
x
2
tan
1 2 cos
1 2 cos
=
+

[2 markah]

(b)(i) Sketch the graph of x y 2 cos
2
3
= for 0 x 2. [3 marks]
Lakar graf bagi x y 2 cos
2
3
= untuk 0 x 2.. [3 markah]

(ii) Hence, using the same axes, sketch a suitable straight line to find the number
of solutions for the equation 1 2 cos
2
3
= +

x
x for 0 x 2.
State the number of solutions.

Seterusnya, dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama, lakar satu garis lurus
yang sesuai untuk mencari bilangan penyelesaian bagi persamaan
1 2 cos
2
3
= +

x
x untuk 0 x 2.

Nyatakan bilangan penyelesaian.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]


SHARED BY PN. DING HONG ENG, SMK ALAM SHAH, KL SHARED BY PN. DING HONG ENG, SMK ALAM SHAH, KL
SULIT 3472/2


3472/2 @ 2009 Hak Cipta JPWPKL SULIT
3








4. (a) List of perimeters ; 4x, 8x, 16x,
2
2
3
1
2
= =
T
T
T
T

This is Geometric Progression and r = 2 ..

(b)
9
) 2 ( 4 10240 x = .......................................................................
x = 5................................................................................

(c) List of numbers of squares: 1, 4, 16,
Find
1 4
) 1 4 ( 1
1 4
) 1 4 ( 1
1 4
) 1 4 ( 1
10
10
5
5
4
4

= S or S or S ......

=
1 4
1 4
1 4
1 4
4 10
4 10
S S ...........................................
= 349440...............................................................



1

1

1

1



1


1

1
















7
5.
(i) 3 8 = x
dx
dy
..

2
..... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 13 3 8
=
=
x
x

A(2, 5)

(ii) 13(5) + 2 = k

k = 67 ..

(iii) 21 ) 2 ( 13 5 = = c or x y ..

y = 13x 21 .



1

1


1

1

1

1

1













7
6.
(a) 1 cos 2 2 cos sin 2 1 2 cos
2 2
= = x x or x x ..

x
x
or
x
x
2
2
2
2
cos
sin
cos 2
sin 2


x
2
tan =



1


1










and ..
SULIT
) L+I LI L
Secti on A
Bahagian A
140
marksl
140
markahl
Answer all
questions ln this secfion.
Jawab semua soal an.
1 Sol ve the fol l owi ng si mul taneous equati ons:
Gi ve your answers correcl to three deci mal
pl aces.
Selesaikan persamaan serentak berikut :
Berikan
jawapan anda betul kepada tiga titik perpuluhan.
P+2q
=l
p' - 3p+2q'
=3
[5
marks]
15
markahl
2 A curve has a gradi ent functi on co.t -2x, where a i s a constant. The tangent to
the curve at the poi nt (1,3) i s perpendi cul ar to the strai ght l i ne 2y
= *x
+3 ,
Satu lengkung mempunyai fungsi kecerunan axt -2x
,
di mana a adalah pemalar.
Tangen kepada lengkung pada titik (1,3) adalah bersereniang dengan garis lurus
2Y=- x+3'
Fi nd
Cari
(a) the val ue of a, [3
marks]
nilai bagi a
, 13
markah)
(b) the equation of the curve. 13
marksl
persamaan lengkung tersebut. 13
markah)
3472t2
SULIT
t_
Jt*+"'
- 2x)rtx
a=4
Sol ut i on
SULI T 347212
2
a)
i , ,
"/ -
axt -zx
dx
2y=- y+J
I
I
fl'ln
=
- -
2
*1r=2
E]
substi tute x
=
1 i n to axo -2x
=
2
a ( 1) '
- 2( 1) ' = 2
Sub
marks
[Li hat
sebel ah
SULIT
Total
marks
P
FI
Integrate y=
4xo 2x'
v
-
-----.--
' A. )
+L
{- c
Substi tute x
=
1, y= 3 i nto
4xa 2x2
y
= :.i
+
c, to find the
val ue of c.
y=x4- x2+3.
Nqt e:
.y:
J(*4x' '
- Zx)h must have at least 1 ter"m with power increased by
A
t .
347212 t{ak Ci pta JPNJ 2009
SULIT 3472/2

3472/2 ZON A KUCHING 2009 SULIT
5

4 (a) If the volume of a cube decreases from 125
3
cm to 124.4 cm
3
, find the small change
in the sides of the cube.
[3 marks]
(b) Given that
2
3 4
( )
3
x
f x
x
+
=

, find the value of f (2). [3 marks]

5 (a) Prove that sin 2x = 2 sin
2
x cot x. [2 marks]
(b) Sketch the graph of y = x 2 sin 2 for 0 x . Hence, using the same axes,
sketch a suitable straight line to find the number of solutions of the equation x 2 sin 2
=

x 2
for 0 x . State the number of solutions.
[6 marks]


6 (a)





A piece of wire is cut into 15 parts which are bent to form circles as shown in
Diagram 2.
The radius of each circle increases by 3 cm consecutively.
Calculate

(i) the radius of the last circle, [2 marks]

(ii) the area of the last circle. [1 mark]

(b) Diagram 3 shows a rectangular geometric pattern.









Diagram 2

The first rectangle is ABCD and followed by MBNP and so on. The length and width
of the next rectangle is half of the length and width of the previous rectangle. Given
that AB = 30 cm and BC = 20 cm. Find the perimeter of the seventh rectangle.
[3 marks]
5 cm
2 cm 8 cm
A
D
B
C
M
P
N
DIAGRAM 3
DIAGRAM 2
. . .
4
QUESTION
NO.
SOLUTION MARKS

V = 0.6 OR
dV
dx
= 3x
2
OR x = 5


2
0.6 3(5) x

0.008 x


3







4
(a)









(b)











[ ]
2
2 2
2
2
2
(3 )(3) (3 4)( 2 )
( )
(3 )
3 (2) (3) (3(2) 4)( 2(2))
(2)
3 (2)
37
x x x
f x
x
f
+
=

( +

=
(






3









5
(a)

2 sin
2
x
cos
sin
x
x
| |
|
\


= 2 sin x cos x

= sin 2x



2
(b)

x
y
2
=










Number of solutions = 4





6










K1
N1

K1
N1

K1
6

K1
N1
P1
8

x y 2 sin 2 =
x

x
y
2
=

y
O
2

1

K1
Sine curve

Period

Amplitude

Modulus
P1
P1
P1
P1
Sketch straight
line correctly
N1