)

)(.../

)
)(...

...

...

(/(
 

  
     
 
$#! 'K
E-mail:alju9390@gmail.com

/0F 89LL,$- E89LL,$- 50

:F$HI A!/G#9##8EF$C>8?@A8B=<8;J 8K8!/
 KL
M
N/9 :/ST UP8 QR$8F8$HA8 A8!/O8M-H,G#89##8EF
$CAB/,Q M I #!K-QN[#
H/CYCZ 8 G8 #8/!8
$88]88! Q88M G#889#/A88\,LA[ 88
8888$#88!K`_/889^88R
#J$_EFZ[#
aY0 ?N b d KW 9G 0P QQ;@?>8=<8;  8
/c 
  K;L
Mg`5  KA
]B [NMh`  ABF8$HA8 A!/ 8Qk#8^8_G#89#Z8 K8
G58H/8_ pJ#F8$HA8 A8!/>?m 8n8oG#89# 8lM=<8;8 H8  H
#5 -? 5 IKH p K -HZQYqIKH 5r;8
8L
M8/8KAQsO89Z8Ir$ 8
]B -F t G5Hx[yTGFu8,8 Q 8; ?8#^_vwG  A!/
 K;;  K -;L
M`  A K;g`5 KAP Q{ -N z/ST
| Z; d#; K0Y

 

~ /888 }888888` !w 888L5888h 8 8 9888! Q$

8  Q/88H_/88 A88}88 ~,_88

G#889#sO889
88Hg88GQ/885$8888! Q$

#p[88 88[J 88U_#8888Q/5 #88880

; 88Kp# ; 88 J$88dY88d,A88/

... :

K!#/MZQxBn

 8\ ST$!# a[F~ }

888d z888! QST888p '#8889#888 ?

,8Q#[8 _[/TSTxp#O9R/K!K$5

A898Q#-x8H p IKM8!I8 850ZJ$ 

88-ST
K88Z88#88`!$885 ;88 

88 _x88H/088 -HP88 QJ/Q 88$88Z88$88\h

88p 88?QyTlI88!Z88
yx88p#O889^88_`

! 888T; /888zL#888HST 888H888888$

 K  -ZGQ/5G#9#  9y

KM[Q p

 880 8!#$HG#9# 88 88 9y88YZ88

 8-#885@ 8-<88H 88K[8859#885Z88

w 88/88 }88 ~,88!#88 a[FZ88/88!/

#89 8 8K-AQ 8 p#89 8 K-JL\h' 5F$z

 8O89,KIK! 8Q$8d z8!#$H]$85

B 8=sO8K8!P8 QI8 #8p#OAM[

 8[TST8p UEF/8!/U=?k$!

n8!n8 9F8! r,$8L8#8?O8 

k/8TN8H GQ/85G#89#8! Q$!#$H]$

 8M` x8pYQZ8
 88 8 J#_Z#

88!#88 a[F 889 -5H88t88;$q88

K9#59#sO9P Q

ZL\
k/ =_ ;QyZ m 

G#889#B 88A88QP88 QI88 #88p

^8_P8 Q 0G#9#STLH -

'#89#8 ?A8?! M-IKH p 

 88 9 #88avIK[#88h88! R$88a, 88y

x88p [T,/88!n! 8888MF #88 8 [ - 88

; 85,85m-I9 85Q IK8 850Z8 z

K/KMQ qP QsnMv

Z88/88!# 88O88988\88 TK88! M88

8d z]$8ST8p 8/85 Ia

Kx88-Q 88y88tO8885 ?G88n88 

88

J/IK59# YzZ<HQ#-!#$H$

 888 $hO888!/888!/U888?=$888rP888 Q

8/M-8Z8Q 8$  8YzZ$!

888! Q$]$888 888[888B$<;888EF

Z88>88_/8888[ pP88 Q$88_!y88 88

 WA ! \ H/,G#9#5 ?

 88 KIKH/880IKH 880 88|Q#88!88#88M

KQ#-N[ h
R$8 8A8QP8 QI8 #pT

888zIK! 888QG#8889#P888 QR$888

8 -H,$8CFI8aQx88 9F8! r,$/
K K! Q9#

9# ;p 5 HZt K! Q9#P Q

88/,G#889#88! Q$] 88[$#88p

g8S H T8#$Q#-J/

Z
yIKnp59# ! -P Q Q 5?[A?!

(/) (...) ...

#88
x88#s$!#88?H,# K88Z!O88G#889#

$8I!/8_HJ/885 ?9#5HP Q !

/88,G#889# 885 ? 88! Q$I!/88_H, 8  

KAQ |$
 T K -!#$H

K I 

J 88[#88$hO88H_ 88<;88#88,

8!#$H;<8zL#8HST#8EFO89P!

 88K#88_HA885-!88FZ88/88QEF

IK59#88 -HP8 Q5 ?J/Q P QJ 0Q#-

sO88988\ HG#889#88! Q$88   ;88

 88yJ$88
588!$ 88$O88- K _88d

$8hIK8 5_HG#9#5 ? ;p IKMF

A88M-}88
/88QZ88#[ 88!G#889#885 ?

Y888zZ888IK0#888_ 88IK 888,G Q 888

IKH/80IK59#8#8E>8/8`/_

88 -HIKH 88p 885 HP88 QJ 880; /88zI!/88_H

 K! /]9 -, _

$8L#8HZ8QYqKIKH m_dIKH/0

L#8H/5P QQ MAB$C#EF#_!

88 H; 88,IKH/880 \88P88 QJ 88088 H

,/88
88885 ? 88K88Q M!88!#$H;<88z

AQ 88 pyA88M-}88
 ;885 ?^88_88M
H

P8[Fk#8#8
!g KA  ^

KI

#88EF88/88!/$88\hJ#88Ks/88 88J/88Q 0

; 88Kp#Z88 8 0Y?[/88_H 88 88

, 88I88 /88s 88-5HO8888Q MA88B$C

88_ !#8888$88
, 8888


88CYCG8888 Q MH88d 88tTP88 Q88 !!#88

888JN888d$/888_G#9# 888 888 9y 

; 88K^88 A88 k#88WA8 9;n88

H$

G#9# 8d z/]$/QTP QI 

8J$C8m ;L
Mg`5

,]<88 HJ/80P8 QJL5hy J# ^HT

J/8888!#$H;<88= 88Q 88T88KHY88zZ88

#88EF/8!KIKH 8# G#889#R/89^8_

88$Y88C<88Q'#889#88 ? 88K$8888Q#-

J 88K-5H88 88 -$88Z8888Q MA88B$C

n8 _ HR 

yWA9p/B

$hO88!KG#889#/8888|,I88 88

 KE F

ST#88!#8 EFO889 88zEF 88 

 88EZ88G#889#885 ? /8 _c! 88Ir$ 88

 W 9G55

/ !]<sO9 yTIK! Q ,J/B

Z8Q# ST;/-#EFO9 -

,G888  A888!/FP888 QSF888p/ 

ST 8 G#89#8$H ,  -

8888  ;88885,8888YI88889FIKM#8888H

8! Q 8,G!#8<8=Z8L58h/Qh 

... :

J/8!/
F/#HP QJ 0JL H}0#

 88889AC 8888U; 8888h<F

,88$_/ 885}88#HZ88QYq88K88Q#-

 8888/88h! 8888K(Torrance,

IK`-88I9 88
88Y88zZ88M88 ;885

;$8K8!##`5 ;/x QN

IK!/8# -HgI9
IKH  9/d$M

G88  A88!/F}8888 pJ#88

/8p FIKH 8 ;Y

8^ F

88 -HP88 Q 5 88J$lC8888#$88Z88/88/88!

 KE,O_J/

 5 88
-88!O88$88F88!/<]8888 

; 8h<F#8'F8p$YzZ

1962

,O88_FGQ/885G0#88MG#889#88! QP88 Q

8K

; 8888888h<J/8888888

2002; Yuen, 2004; Yuen & Westwood, 2004; Al

J#8K(Yuen, 2004; Yuen & Westwood, 2004

(Shumer, 1999; Navik,

YmZ
 Barakat & Al Karasneh, 2005
F88
H88h# 88;$88Z88/88!/
8m HZ
KG#9#$HA n A!/
 WAH#`-P Qh# ;$sO9
P88 QJ 88_88 88  #88$!#88?H
KG#9#5 ?k/  =<;-H
K   FI H; -_ 
P88 QJ 88_!/88 ;H88  88
KA g`5L
M ;K -H
588 -88 H; 88I 88HP88 QJ/88_
888!# ;888!$a-#888,888L
M888888 -
KM-
IKH 88 9G#889#885 ? ;88p I8 K
KI#
 #'#9#? #KM 
K  ;5,I 

/88p /88-Q 88KT 88A88$U/88hH/88!/$88\h

J#88p$R/889F^88_`88Z88x88[EF

8 89I8 #8p8B$C<]8Z
 85!$0K]<sO9OM-Y!/ ;K 
Z88(Torrance)[#88H 88x88H/h 88O889Z88
n 88HG#889#GQ/885/88QJ 88 ;885
Z! 80#`58G8 895!/H]$#p
888 -/888888888 H; 888L#888HP888 Q
 K(Torrance, 1980 & 1988)59# 
$HA A!/F 9Z 0Y?[
; 8888KZ88888888Q# ;#8888 5H/8888_G#88889#
8885 ?I888  888K
888M!888888!/
^88_IKH 88p 885 HP88 Q 880#88
G#889#
888[#$888; 888KsO8889888\ HKIKH 888#
,888 ? K888/!888888$ 888H U888_5?
L#8HYzZ5 ?L
MHJ \M ;5

(/) (...) ...

IK88 ST 88 KAH 88U0# 88 88;

 }  0#   >

G8
o$88M m 9 8,$ZQg`5

KH }0#

8Q/T#8 Q#-
P Q#UZ5 ?

K MFL
MHk/`H H}0#L#H

 KJn 

8885 ?L888
MHA888 -H888 H$888L#888H

A888B$C#888EF,I888  888888 ?!

!#-P Qnh A!/F!}Q M

KG#9#
G#889#885 ? 588 -88 H 88K 88z

#8-H8vg8G#89#5 ? /_[?F,
; H8^B$=<;k#R/9F,

KIK59#IKH/0
I 888P888 Q888 B 0888 H>888?zI 888H

$8L#8H85 ?I8 HI8_H 8!/

8HIKH/80k/8`HI  5 ?nM H

KAB -5
I888 H,A888 g888`5;$888pT}888#H

h 88Y88zZ88$880F8888Q M$88I88

KG#9#5 ?

KA[ 888I 888P888 Q888 B _?888[F 888 Q M  K5 ?I HI_  ;$pIK
88 885 ? 88H88 H$88L#88HST 88 

, 8889888B$C<]88888 9F$!/88_H

I 8?>m ;$_@ 

885 ?k/88A88 g88`5L

M88 ;88K88 -H

(Al Barakat & Al Karasneh, 2005; Shumer,

1999; Posner, 1995; Shoemaker, 1989; Schmdtn,

888tG888  A88!/F888G#889#

P888 Q(Egan,

1992) 88tT/888h! 888-9Z88K1985)

Y88zZ88G#889#88$HI88 88!/ ;88K

x88 _HsO8M-H]K-8>88?@,  8;$8p
J 88CTP88 Qn88h$H88!/88 ;H88 88z
 K    ;_ 
n88 A88!/FZ88Qg!/88U 88,
; 8 STJ 8Z8l/8yG#89#$HI 
88 -885 ?x88p#H88?88[FI 88H,I88 
NM8h 8O89,K8  `Q/IKH/0
8  ?8[FI 8H 9EF$[

?88[L#88H>88-I 88/885P88 Q88-!

L#HA 
AaM d# ;KP Q/ H
?888[888H }8880# 888d;888 H?888[
K(Shumer, 1999) _;/_k/`H
#888888 /888h!$#888$888rP888 Q
(National Council

 
!$,Q py ;/ 

8 9P8 Qfor the Social Studies, NCSS, 2001)

GQ/885/88QTP88 Q 88_I88  !/88F
 88@y885 ?x88p#HY88zZ8888G0#88M
;Y
8888; 88KIK88  88-CJ 88-l;$880

... :

>5H$8888I8888   8888lMA8888!/F2004)

k/8 8 8-9O;/8_ -H, 9 

$!/88_HK 88K-O88M-I 88>88?mP88 Qx88H/_

;/8_ 8,A8 F 8}8,5 ?

; 8h<8;$8KA!/FO9 9F

$88M885 ?/88!nHST$88[9O88!T88!# 

88888H88888T}88888#>88888?mEF

8MI8$ h5 8?8[FP8 Q8 B 0 H

I89Z8/8!8Q/8B$C?8[F


 8E$8Z8/!Ah$UL5_$

#8
I8  8K
8t!/ ;K

k/88 _P8-5J CT,IKHA!/F

L
M ;K o 5_ p/QTP Q 0

 8J$88-9#8d/8#HP Q 9nMI 

8 -H#8_ST; 8h<8 zx QKAQ/

J 8l-?_-!#; r d[ T!#-U

>5H$!J$
5!$ IK $, MFk//

8 9EF; 8h<8;$8K hKQ/5

8\8B$CT?8[8 >?m 8$8 5 5H

,GQ/885G#889#88$HA88 A88!/F

IKM#88HY88zZ8888IK 88880# 88

888!/O888-8885 ?I 888888 QM888d; 888888KH

 KA g`5L
M ;K

$888K!$[Y/888h! 888O8889,KA888/IK 888 H

88G88 885 ?;#88H#88

; 8KH,I  A!/F 9EF

L8HG,G#9#$HA n A!/

 8MFk/8AQ/8L
M88 -H,IKH H

(Yuen & Westwood, 2004)#8!#8!

 KJ$
5  $O-

88$HA88 Jn88 88!/ ;h# 88I889

P88 Q/88 !n88 A88!/F^88_T

!/;$p 

 \  HG#9#

KA8B$C#EFOM->?m,I  Q 

8UP QIB _A L

M ;K -Y

$88M!A8 #Z8888h/88h #88=O889,

I8K#, H;<zL#H;Y
 /5

A88!/F(Borasi,

 KG#9#5 ? ;p 

1996; Driver, 1983)

!/8  8lM>8?mx8- ?!I  n 

(Yuen, 2004#8! 89$pk$8z8,

#`58G#89#85 ?/8QT,IK8!O$F

/8h!G#89#85 ?G58H][#8h][#9,

I888K QY888zZ888888IKH 888 , 888 Q

88\ !G#889#88$HA88 n88 A88!/F

888$R 888h ;888  888_ 888-CI9n888!nH

J 88_ 88F$88; 88-_H}88#HP88 QIKH/88_

88h 9/88[y88NM8 h 88 hK KB 88_

ST 88 88/_L88

MH; !#88r 88dP88 Q

(Rowland, Huckstep and Thwaites,

!#88H

 ... ) (... )/(

; p IK? 58 M[y8$8Q py

 8 Q P Q/ HFI8  A8!/

 I H?[F$C KB

n !sOM-H ZQ# K;!/8

$_!yFA8!/  8-CI8  n8

/[Z8
y KO898 Q ^8_`H#8EFKZ8

}888#H#888EF$CP888 QA888B>888?m 888z

sO9AH8H -9/,N0#x$\

!Og!/U

888; H!/888$888C5888 -888N888

G_$8P8 QG B 8]8! Q#8G#89#k/8

/; 8888#8888`5T8888!#FA8888!/

88$HA88 Y88 88K G#889#;88!/

  Z88I88
Z88!
#88n88T 88P88 Q/88 Q

YO888M-888<888]$C888d z888BO8889

}#H; H_ KM8d#I8; I 8

#EF !n,/KQg!/<]/

_I88_P88 QIB 88F/m88 h;Y88

 0ZQYqG#9#<]85!/N88

FP 88! 88 ; 88M,(Portfolios)M88F

 88K88 -HST; 88$HA88}88#H,G#889#

I888 H888 -H? 8885FG#8889#<; 888h

#EF$CAB KQ M

 # K(Doppelt, 2009

/_H #,[$a/#8p; 8

/8_H 8P Q Hx8p#H#8,J

 88N88,g88`5 88K;88!/Y88

88 I88#88!588HST#88EF$CA88B

OM-#EF$CABQ M8
8/8

888! Q$888Q MG#8889#[?Z888 8 80Y888aY

/`HA_H, 8$HA 8K G#89#;

G\ 885 88mSTL88H88#88pZ88A88

88!/YO88M-88#88EF$CA88B88Q M

,Z! 5F8$HA8 A8!/ 8G#89#

 ,/<]8 h,/^ 8-  ,8

G#0#OM-H,#EF$CAB8Q M


8888$#88!KZ88x88[x88 Q88

_;$K/$pp UsO9/ K

IK88H/88O889,J#88/88,88 U/88

@?O89,J/8!/p8$ 8T#8J#8?z# 8

 

[?Z8 0Y; 8Kp# J$8d/8hH8
 /8888I8888
; 8888[#8888! Q] 8888[$,8888B$
G#9# ^5?H Q#EF$CA8B8Q M
,<]! Q$//,G#9# I8

A\`5I89Z8/8!O; 8Kp# 8,8\`5

$H  QG#9#   0T   K
`_/88_H 88^88N88$/88 88F
 WH
 888 K888pF888$HA888 A888!/

: ...

 KG#9#;@?> 8K-}8#H 8-CsO8M-H

$!#88?HF  #p}88 ~,G#889# A88[88

#EF$CAB!/H,Q MG#9#

 KIKH m

 888 K888pF888$HA888 A888!/

 88K88 -H,G#889#;L
M88g88`5 A8

/`H/ !  WA

}888#H 888-C#888EF$CA888B!/888H,888Q M

K$8A8 Z-QP Q 9 0]8$H

G#9#

G#9#O88sO89]B 8[I8 H//8`!8

88\ok/8888-<88J 88m]88$H,G#889#

/ 888H/888Y888zZ888 888K 9888 U

/88-;n!k/88J/88G\ 885<88z,88
_/FZ_$ 8U8 9Z!$8

#!K
K;$0/P QhaY8 J
K; [ 5

 ! Q,I Q

G#9#! Q_/;

K0 ?;$0aYP QaYF

_    8z

8IK!/ 8y8 -H

A88!/ >88?m^88 88K-Y88#88E

sO9_/;!$8Z8/~; 8p$ 8  8

$CA8888B 8888K8888 -H;L

M8888 _88888888

 J?#_/#p} ~,[J U

;Y
8L
M88`  A88/88Z88QYq88AQ

P 88!588dP8888M m$88$88A 88U

 K;g`5 KA

_ [/ K

888 9P888 Q{ 888-FA888 A888!/
,G#9#/m#EF$CABn8! O
/88,! ; 88 Q,s<88]88/88J/88
,G#8889#/888#888!888$888pTsO8889

 K$_H K;L
M  KP QA;

L
M`  A/KAQ
/88`H KsO889/88 [88$HA88  88
M G#9#/A\ [ KLA
 

/!}!$H,IK_ $P QG B]G#9#

F 8888}8888#H,G8888  A8888!/#8888EF
$CKAB/ H/ 8K[Z8 q! K 9 U

 888H/P888 Q888; 888M!$$p888B
 WH

,AHHN0#x/KHO<]8! Q$8/

#E:8 !#8$H

$G#8889#/888_ 888KH [#
888 888#_H888p

88Q 88h<88 Ia-88]$C88B K/88_HI88!88

 ... ) (... )/(

 ? 5 -s$!#?HKG# 9#$aR5

YzZ? OJ/aY0$ K

,888Q py
888888$#888!Z#888

:

 Zx- q! A$ 8t8Z88d8Q M

I9 #Z!O8850Z8I9 8zJ8

WY8CnB hGk#8 A8 ^8 8K;

 I88888888  IK!$888MH? 8885,G#8889#

g`5L
M ;mJ$C88

/ I  K

Y88zZ88 88Q 88T88KH=<88;/8888!#$HJ

 8K$Q#-?Z8'Y8#89_/8;

88-QN88MH/ 8 EFZ8888 88

 $YC<QsO89OM-HI!KB$8

# Z$HI  K$,G#9#]! Q

Y888zZ888Y\888<888z888; !#888888;

/,G#9# I #!;L8z

?'Y _,#EF$!g8hO8M-H

sO98_!$? -J$8[$8a_Z8 8K$^ 8-

 Qk#! !KA? $,Y\8

 888K-?_!888=<888 888HZ888QYq888 A888

Z88k#888 h; !#88yT88F=<88;

 $88; 88]88! QKG#889#/880sO889;L88z

888!#8885? 888K888Q M!888 888U888Q#-

,888B^ 888-888Z888888-

888888$

p/ ^ A#

!g Kk#8

#!K/#HG5!EF!$-Q/ K

F[ Ks/ J/Q 0P

A9:Yv
 8K Q Y8zZ8I8_$!/88x8xq8!O8=L588
FFEYxB, hA!/J/J/8
$/ K
#889 :# 88 A88aML88r

 AaMY $HIO8M-H,G#9##8EF
$CA88BK 88-88Q M!`/88O889FJ#88
 888-C888 H888  H; 888#888EF$CA888B
 88K88 -H;L
M88g88`5 k/88A88? 885
KG#9#!_  # AaMLr I  AaM

 
) .(
.

%,

%,

%,

%,

 

`_^R/9/8 \,8P8 QR$8
F$HA A!/lG#9#Z8Qg`5

... :

^ 8?Hk/8P8 Qn8h$HgAMFaY

l /_x QK#5_!#
; Md#IHJ

8?z ]8[< 8 =?I  A MF

88aY  8I888 B _R$88c! 8ST8d#

>8?m,I  ;h# W H/_ -

(William and Mary for Classroom

L
M88g88`5 ;88K88 -H88 <;88m 

Z888^888!$88850Z888;/888Q888Observation)

KA 

88 h,G#889#88$Hn88h$,G88mG\ 885

M888

/8_8 U8/,/mJ# 

IQ/8888
!$FJ/8` ;88!y#, 88I8

,88$88   9/88QT _88IB#88_88|$Hl

(Van Tassel Baska, A/MA

,G88mP88 Q K88$/88Ko88F KH#88d

 8/8_8 B _sO898 9F$8a[Ket

P88 Q K88$QO88h 8!# 88Kp$88$88 

J/8` ;8!y#,A!/FI_ K/m

888|888p$888!n y888 ,G888m

,8 B _sO89N/m8Y\  9Lr

!$F

8hI9 M[_
, K0 K`dZ^_`

A888 A888!/F888aY888p$$888

88  ; 885r 88d;$88_MZ88J$88_/88-

,8 B _sO89Iq8HK(Athens

#8-5 8K-Q<8H8I9 M  K \ok/$

 
Z
al. 2003)

Project) -C] [$

 WH MnpF5-pF KH#d

J#
F|Nd/0K5-pFJ#,

8 \n8O89/8!: K

8  0h# 8E;$8_F;$8M

P Q B _,

8aY /858508Yx85!t#h#H$

,I88 J/9 88Y88zZ88 88_88aY 

888|0/888 q8888 8 9/888 888KB -C

]!/8888aY880 ?N l 8 d

c 88/ ;885

``88888 88888YI88888 88888KH ;88888# 

g8A8!/I8 8pZ8Q$8l5!AQ 

P8 Q#8h#H<n8h$!K$HR#zQ##

@88  0A@?88#A@JL588hAF88p#88

H

88aY 88KI8888885 88_ ;$88p

88 0;$!/88_HF88pN88?Q/880@M8 A

88aY 88 -N880# 88K88Y880#

 KEFN 

888 LI888  888m888M!$ ;888[ 5

g8`5$8rFJ 5Qh5 -Z/h 

?88[F/88 88 88?=] 88[<885

88#!' 88?#`88JF$88QA 88U

Z8#FsO9|IHK K/_HIM m

8889 q888QZ888888Q# P888 Qg888`5R/8889

KaY QYz

8888$H8888d =8888,G8888m!/8888

8 B _sO89^8 H: K

 ... ) (... )/(

 888p,G#8889# /8885Q888n8 8!n 888

#_Z888888J 88! Q$88,G#889#

88$88rF$ 88Kp
 K 8 K_ O88 8

J ST  I#_8m

$p/h/_
##8pP8 QJFJ 8K5 H

I8 Z8aYP8 QG#89#x8BKx8A8!/

$rF/$pT//8;Y!/HJ

P88 Q{ 88- 88088= <8 888888aY

$_5r dP Q;KOKN5`dFJn9 8pJ

,I888  A888!/; 8885KM888/8880A888Q


>8?@8aY8  0h# 8J$8_EFZ[#

,888!#-G q888l g888 888KaYN888o888

 <88m I88;  88 88 88Kx88 -H;

>8?@MhaY O8M-I8<8]$C8B

L
M8g8`5 ,A8; 85  8 8

$Q\ ?8[Z88 8 Q! 8? T85

J/ KG#9#

ZQYq;/paYO8M-H 8-C_0/#}80

^5?Hl^5 P Q{ -F/J[ P8 Q

   $CKB8aY80 ?8l/0

G B 880G 88[$ 588/88 988-QZ8888


 50ZI=<KGaY8 Q;/cQ/0

?R/888K^8885`_^8885?H#K888Z888^888FJ

MHyG=<P QGaY/8#$!/8_H8

Z88/88h  ; 8888_$880 ?88 Q k/88

  /; h#$;/P Q\| -C; 5

 880,88aYFA88 Mx888 Q^885?-HO88

888d z; 888[ 5[lx888888_$!/888; 8 8

_$88;880 ?5O889Z88QG588H/880?^885? 880

 |T#,; h#=<KG8aY` 8

 0aY/!/P QJF 8 hI8  A M

N58c/8_; [ 5; ?8#$!/8_ 8U;

#88? 880$88H88aYZ88$88\hN880#

p/GaYF8hk#8P Q

 ] [$h,x#[/Kp ?H K MQ q

$MFA!/H,- qEJJK8aYN8 /80

Z88/88P8888Y88 QZ88 88K[y88aY

Y_
k#EFY KEF [/

d z/8QG8aYZ!O8I9 8z_#8

P88 Q_ 88 /88p88 088 K88[ _EG88aYF

sO888889N/888889/ST88888_ 88888F

 /
< A] K 9 z

88$HA88 A88!/O88M-H,G#889##88EF

$CA88B88Q M $88,/88]88! Q,G#889#

N888 p; 8 8[ 5 _F 888888A888!/

c
 $A]8$H/8G#89#l#8UP8 Q

/ I #!K !$QAHsO

 W]B -

: ...

[ ]BF W

. ) (

) .( .

* ) ( .

 
! `Z8888/88sY88Q>88#A 88U

#88EF$CA88B^88_88Q M88p 88l KJL588h

 88 88@?>88 88K-E{F88 x88/_H 88

_$88J88 M; ?88# 88_0/88

 88U

!888F888$HA888 A888!/,G#8889#

_J/888P888 QJ$888[}888
H 888KJ$888_MFS

<88m >88?m;  88 88YO88M-88

[F K888k#888888888 -H?888[ 888zF

 ... ) (... )/(

? '#8   8 ?8#N Ex__#p$

EFJ$888_M E{F>888#[F K888,888!#-

N 88 88 hE{FJ$88_M\ [88[>88F K88

?[F_KE5 ? /8x8 QsO89; ?8#

k#88=<88; # 88880E'Y88? A88 M

#; pE{F>#$F/Q
!O

KE{Fs/0 ?#O89!STL8 88p

#88p 8888MH$88 Q88$HA88 A88!/

F $HA KMH$; pG#9#

$_M ^ ! G#9#;; ?8#N8__8

!$888Ka/888EF; ?888#  888U

$HE{FG N KE{F

 $8888_M;$HEF{FG8888 8888N8888

[ ]B\ [ WA

N8[gE{8?zI 8HFP8 QEFJ$8_M

88  H 88l E`88P88 QN88[/88_EFJ$88_M

}#HF#d# ?[F $KE 8HsO89L8H

; ?8888#8888p A8888sO8888G#88889#

$_M;ZP QFMH$; pE{># 8

!P Q/#pA k/n KG#9#

ZG5! h/xH$8_M;F

Z8888P8888 Q; 8888pEg8888E{F>8888#

. ) (

$HG  NEFJ$8_M E{F>8#[ K8

$TF? >?@,5?[F  8 E8

 
) .( .

: ...

).(

,
,

* ) ( .

 
! `Z8888/88EF>88#A 88U

E{FA >#; 8pEFJ$8_M[ K8


A
E{F ;Y!/O89

 88$88FP88 Qp -88? ,E8 5885H$\ [88

8 pF#8A8!/K?8# 58-

KE{FA 88>88#O88
9 J$88_M 588-;

$HA A!/P8 QJ$8_

G#9#

EF5H$[!/HF K? P8 Q858; H

J//$Ka!EF$_M;;8H$


E -nh;Y__ ?8#N

88MH$ 88; ?88#P88 QN 88EF

    KE{F

E{FZ88P88 Q[$H 88K{FG88N88

8_558-  l$8_M;8J$8a- 8-

g88E{ N88EFJ$88_M[88HF K88

 /}8
HsYQ$8_M;/8hHEF

? P8888 Q8885,h 888E; 88880 -88885H$FS

888pF888$HA888 A888!/G#8889#

(/) (...) ...

5 ?k/x__'# ?Fk# -H

{FG888N888$H 888; ?888#N888__

K'Y8? A M0#  [?Fk#>

; 888p;$888_MsO8889I888_sO8889/888HKE{

A8 A8!/FZ8[ O9,/

KE{F>8#Z8P8 Q>##p/

]<8888STkn8888!Z8888
G#88889#8888$H

885 ? '88hTFEFJ$88_MN 88/88_x88 Q

/m8,G8 !/8HP8 Qn8h,5!/

E{F88 A 88>88#E8 mP88 QJ/88_

; 8p -^8_8[?F zy>?m;

P88 Q885 ?88HF K88[EFJ$88_M 88K H 88 h

 8K?$>8?mY8zZ888#r$ 

>8#8[ \5H$EIKKp#H;Y
I_H

Z88l/8 y 88O889,K8 5 ? AH 88U0# 88

lK;$8_M_55- O
9E{F A 

8B$Y$Z/![ O9STJ 

L#8HF K[EFI0$;LzFJ$_M 5- 

88Q MA88B$C#88EF 88K Q/88 !O88 88

 K888$QJ 888QT ;888# 888 `8885 ? $888

 KE F

; ?888#P888[N 888/888_E888M ~

888

88-sO889Z88/88!Z88
x88 Q
,?88[F 88zy88 K88Y#88__/880G88 

8p/; 8p K[/!O$FE{F U

 KE{F>#Z0

G#89#85 ?k/8 8K__#p$R/9F#

F;$_M /_H P Q H

>8?m,8B$ ;8KZ8/!FO9T

 8,8MH$ ; ?#HwE

88?88[F 88y88B$C<]88O88M-

L\88!$88F88A88 g88`5L
M88 ;88K

P8 QG88 J/Q 88,88 9FZ88 8  Qk#88

 K- q8H8;F,n8o#8p/'$y

8 9Z8Qg!/U$,K  ;5MH

 K;$_M H

888N888-AQ/888>888?m,888[ O8889

 

}880#$88C>88?m 88MrTEF; 88h<

8 P Q 0p t M

   

,A88!/F88/]B 88[;$88K

$88Z88/88!8_ 88 xH 88 ,8

]<8888,8888 8888  <;8888m >8888?m

8!$ ;#-, MFI HP QJ$C#

A 88>88# 88p K88N88o8888B$C

/8888h! 8888-9Z8888KA8888/IK 8888 HZ8888SF

KEF;$8_M E{FZP QMH$

8 -JL58
 9FEGronlund,

?8[ zy>?m  5[/FO9^ !

1985)/[y/[$p

... :

Ku5

?8[F 8zy l-5?>mYzZ5 ?I H

IKH 8,s# ! ^5?5 ?   E

K HIK  -P QIKH/Q  

 K5 ?J 0#?5H$

F5888-J#888]B 888-}888
H 888 h

888d$M8885 ?-888>?m 888^888 ! 888 

P88 QG88 J/88_88\oG#889#88$HA88 

G58H/8_x8 _HIK 8>?m,h  

KA8B$C#8EFOM-H, <;m >?m

; ?88#88G#889#A88 A88!/F

88Q MA88B$C#88EFx885 ?! 8888O889^88M!

># ,#9E{FZP Q 

8 H; 8L#8>8?m8 9P8 Q/h!O

; 8Kp#G8,Kn8 /p#
$!w

I8H88!#<;8=Z88Q# P8 Q B 0

,8 ?$8T8 9P8 Q/8hHJ$8d !#

8 -H8pZ8/8Ia-/ ?>m 

8[ O898 9F$!/8_HKx _Hx >?m

 8yG#9#5 ?k/,$ Kk#

(Arsal,

2010)88L88!A88!/F,

A8B$C#8EF,A8$A_F$C/5

$88MI9n88!I88 ST88 88p 885 ?I88 H

A888 ^888 888##888-888 ?!888Q M

k/`H KZIK5 -!  z,h   H

sO898x8 QKG#89#85 ? $

M/`

$KAHOIK HI_HZIK-
HcI9L
MH

8$H,J$8d !#;#^#H-

P88 QG#889#88$HA88 A88!/Fn88!nH

/8!n>8?mJ$8P8 Q/8hH8G#89#

A8 P8 Q/hZl/yx[B$C F

(Porath,

 _IKH/0H H;<5 ?

8885 ?x888p#HY888zZ888I888KB$!#888?HG#8889#

KLupart,

Jennifer, Ngara, & Richardson, 2009)

I8 Hxp#H 9ZQg!/U T,K H# 

Fn88o/88hH88/sO889]B 88[88 88-9Z88

N zAHOI_  ;QYzZ H5 ?

 858HY8zZ!# =<;-5A!/

A88!/F(Doppelt,

2009)N88 88

>88?mST/-88!88Q MA88B$C#88E 8

k/888AQ/888L
M888888 ->888?m,I888  

 WgZ [?FZ  I 

!/88 ;H88P88 Q>88_$88_!y885 ?

F888 Q P888 QO888h/8 8 !888/m888

IKH !#888888885 ?;/8888_ K58888 - E

KI#IKH p 

J/88 !/885I88_};88#H,A88!/

8Q M$8UL58 85 ? d$M HT E

F;Y888/m88 h88 ,88P88 Q

IKq8G8IK8 GIK-IB _AQ py

(/) (...) ...

KG#89#5 ?k/A L

Mg`5 ;K

 K(Portfolio Assessment)

,I888 F888 tTJ#888d]B 888-sO8889888

H

A8 A!/F#_Z

 -9Z

;$8K/_/!/$\hJ#K!/ ;K

8 ;8Kp#8I-! ,G#9#$H

88$HA88 A88!/F,n88lo#88p]B 88-

_888dST888 888B$C<]888 888KT/-888H

/m8P8 Q85 ?!/8^8 ! 8 G#9#

8 Q Mh 8Y8zZ8'#89#? m

P88 QR$88 ;88K9O88}88 ;88K

#88s 885Q 88 ?88[F 88z,Jn88 

;Y
88 #88  88tT,IKh$88T;Y
88

$8O89^#!KE  FI  Q

8888  _8888 #8888 U 8888zP8888 QIK8888H

>888?m/888hH888888B -5888!$a- 888

888

;Y
88; H8P QIK5!/H^5? 

#8nh$ #
!t     

n [ O9 9F$!/_HK -nh

x8 QK 8#?$  [ ds 5Q  ?

g8Z8G#89#85 ?I8 HP8 Q 8 tT$Cx

x8888$>8888?A8888!/x8888B,8888Q MI  8888

8M ~ 8!Z8 8K!;Y

` 
 I9nM

#880 -!$88M!885 ?  88Hg8888!/

sO8889 888y888Z88$888\hFIK 888d#Hg88

(Driver,

8__U
88 , 8BYz/8/8H; 8K

88 988K1983;.Phillips,

58888 -#8888 U#8888d#8888 88889 /8888!/

;<888=sO888>888?m,I888  A888!/F

(Wheeler, Waite & Bromfield, 2002; Hamza &

 Griffith, 2006; Doppelt, 2009)

8 _Q;/80x!/'#9# ? 9LMHZ

8^ !  Qk#^_G#9#$H

$!#88?88 H$88L#88HP88 Q 880$88 I88 

A8 A8!/F]B 8-;$K h

8888_?-/88888F}888880#<88888!
1995; Piaget, 1967

ST88p ;/88_sO889885 H 88KQ#[Z88J/88!$

$8YzZAM_ -,h P Q5 ?

,8d =x5 $TP QxH _xH/0

A88 -H88$ -88P88 QIK88H 88K 88

(Renzulli, 1986;

P88 QIK88HA88  `L

M88 ;88KIK!/88
8;Y
8I_H; # h$Hm H
$!# K ? zF/!/IKKp#H
A8!/Fn8o8x8 QKJ$ST#
,885 ?P88 Q$C8888[ O889,G88  

888Q#-}8880#888888 
 KSternberg, 1999 & 2001)

/8_A[ 8\8/8]B -^ ! 

 8U? ;8# 8 MJ$8_YzZG5H
A88!/F,;$88#88pEF/88,
88 -IK 88 9P88 Q/88HG#889#88$HA88 

... :

$ !xT   _-sO9P Q{ -

; 88KsO88988d zL
M88 ;88K' 88h

/8 J$N8!

 9$d -Q YzZJ$

h ? H

A8!/F,n /Q#_Z

2002)

888 -H; 888888| 888y 888KH [#



 5 8$C8A  `L
M ;K -HP`-,

 J KA9 `J KP Q/ HL

M

88$88  88,G#889#885 ?88 -HP88 Q

88x88 QK,$88#8 I 88,L

M88! ;#8,

F,n88 FIK 88 ! q880P88 Q 88K_5?H

88/ 88
} 88A88!/FO889,n88 

ST 8 5-p88Q/;/88_88 -H 88,A88!/

88!$a-88 \FI!/88_HP88 Q/88 H8888!/ _

Z88/88!88!/_-88  `;/88_88 -H8888-p

J$8I9 8M8!$_HpZ q!}d#

885 ?/Q 88H8888B$C88 $88MP880

' 88Z8888 ?Z88

o#8888?_['$880ST

}880#,88  ;88K88$ '88hP88 Q

 K(Al Barakat, 2004)/

(Wheeler, Waite & Bromfield,

ST 88 K!/88p 88KQ#-H88$ 8[88H U

; ?8#N8__8;$_M 8^8 ! 

 8-9Z8K 8K -8-; 0 8L#8H,n I 

L88H88-sO88988E{FZ88880 88

888!# ;888Kp#$888} 888@888-sO8889888

,n  Qp//pZ

!wA!/F

P88 Q/88hH8888B$C]9 88-O88M-H,J$88d 

AHO888I 888P888 Q8885 ?;/8 80888 -H888[ p

L
M8 ;K -H,I  A!/F 9

^8!yA8!/FsO89A  Km

; H888P888 Q 888 QyY888zZ888A888  `

Z8x8__ST8Q MA8B$C#8EFP8! 

KE/88p AC 88UF88-88!/H

'#8889#888 ? 888H888 H; 888L#888HY888z

]<88/88_QJ$88ST88!#-Z88l/8 y 88-9Z88

,A88 '# 88F88K-P88 Q'/88 88d$M

IKH/80$!#?H ,G#9#$HA 5!/

Z8Q}8
H8-sO898K8$[ L
M

 KG#9#5 ? A  `L

M ;K -HP Q

,G#889#88$HA88 k/88}88Z#88#88p

888]B 888[,888 !$888J# 888

5 ?!/_      IKB

88!/;F q88! 88_ G588!A[ 88\

8
! 8YzZ8/_L
MH; KP Q

8; L#H,IKHwG#9#$HA 

88
88 -HsL88
MH,Y_88y'#889#88 ?

88Q#[;88p/A88 g88`5 ;88K 88,

/8!/8-0Fx8#/! h,^ L

M

; K' hP Q5 ?J/Q gZ Q

 KE

(/) (...) ...

H,88 ? /[ 88

88d$M#88p88, 88y88 a-J#8888\

 8K QR G#9# !QL! x5 ?H O9

IK-8
oI9 8
/!H; # ZQg`
 5  _

P8 QIB 8_sZI @ J$q -H

8M ~
8 K8$QJ 8QT ;8#  Z

P8 QJ$?88  =<;I!/_H$G_ H

sO889K88 m]B 88-- q88I9 88M/88!/

K/ ;5z[?F h

88B$8[#/8} @/Z-

K(Al

Barakat, 2004)x88

Z8Z
8 #8N80ST85 ? T K

sO8889888d z888Q MA888B$C#888EF 8889 -5!

L
M88 ;88K8\88/_8!L
MH; 88K8


8888Y ;88K$88Z88;/88cQ; 88K

' 888hy#888N8880STIKp 888A888  `

KAHO8I 8P QJ/_x hT ?m

KA g`5 ;K

8 -I8 !? Q MAB$C#EFO

ST8Hw K8`8<]8Ia K

; KG qHYzZJ$
5ZO-; KsO9

I8!g8Q MAB$C#EFZ$k#

; 8 ?8[O8M-H 8-C8 FA8 g`5

P8 QIK5!/8H_A g`5[ ]$I!/_H

88Q#88p/J#888888B$C;/88#

K _ H$\hJ#xH K

A888B$C ]888[<,888 ?/888_H; !#888P888 Q

u8J/80/8QSTL8!/808 h K

 KE F

888B$C<]888! ;#888^8885?HP888 QG888 

#8p/8$a[/_H P Q H

 88 QySTIK/88!Z88
O88$88F88F

^ ! G#9#$HA k/n A!/H

8aY8/8h! 8K!/ _  ;P Q

L
M8888 ;8888Ku58888 8888;Fu58888

8x8H#8|58
!yI NMhI 

8G#89#85 ?k/A g`5A  `

8; p -y ;# I!/_HpZN M-H  WAHSTknHZ

ST; '5F
FO898x8 QK8 ? 8KT8d#!A5-!

Z8 m8 #8N0STI   K

85 ?I8 HP8 QJ$C88#$Z/!AM


888 n888!yTs 888QO888/888 _/888

KA g`5L
M ;K



/888x888[s$888a[,/888hH888888!/ _s888

F8 HP Q _A  K$ B$
P8 Ql/8H8J$8d 8!# ;Kp# }
K88$88x88[88\ !I88  B$88/88

: ...

: :
8! Q8$A.,; 8#9# #8
?$8888W88885; 8888-; #8888
`K@; !/$o A859# A  0F

.L
M8I 8O8#8,J$h
 888 /888K 888!$8885
W$_888
 K

.STz/88
= l QKdWKK

8888 /88885Q8888n!n8888! Q$x8888 p

A./,!/u5x0YQ

G#9# !$#!F KE

L88;A88 k/88 #88/88T88_?-,

#; A8R#M88 F
 8HA.
\88CYF>88?m SA88!/88 -I88BY

   888K@888 888 #888L #888

[[ 888888888888F888888888888Q py E

AQ#k/A58 p K@OY_k$8

  #8888!#88Q py[K[ 88 /88

8T 8 A.P8 Q8 B 0 H I8

/FEFE K

'Y -H,AB -58 $,?8#

__________888T}888#HAH!/8888

88 K@88/- #8888!#88M- /88

 _M888d888L #888H,888888 -888 Q

/FEFE K

 K; k/8!# 8MF@K 8F[8

, #88888888!# /8888/8888EF
FE K
 8! Q ] 8[$. G#89#KA8/
 888!$888W /885Q888n!nx888 p
! Q$G#9# K

.A88 ; #88dG#889#

 K

88! Q.G#889#KGQ/885

W!/-
5  K

; 8 .,]K-8
?888#M 888l QKJ$888
5W$888- JL888
#! K
 8KI H.;L-8W8|$HKL
M8
#U[KAWG
 ' K

>?m?5H$OM-HI!#8_H]K-8$CA8B
] 88[$,G#889#/88A88/ I88
 88 88 pJ#88-L88rL88p  88K

_P QJ/'YZ-Qk/m}

_
k$
$#! K

 88K@A8  F 88F[,88 #88

$88CA.; 8- 88Y5 8

`888,^ 888 888888 -H,888$

(/) (...) ...

Classroom. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

Inc.
Hamza, M. & Griffith, K. (2006). Fostering
problem solving & creative thinking in the
classroom: cultivating a creative mind.
National Forum of Applied Educational
Research Journal, 19(3), 1 30.
Navik, M. (2002). Professional development
curriculum: modeling the message of
differentiation for teachers of gifted
middle school students. Unpublished
master thesis, North Park University.
Phillips, D. (1995). The good, the Bad, and the
ugly; the many faces of constructivism.
Educational Research, 20 (7), 5 12.
Piaget, J. (1967). The language and thought of
the child. Clevaland: the World Publishing
Company.
Porath, M., Lupart, J, Katz, J., Ngara, C. &
Richardson, P. (2009). Gifted learners'
epistemological beliefs. Talent
Development and Excellence, 1(1), 57
66.
Posner, G. (1995). Analyzing the curriculum.
New York: McGraw Hill.
Renzulli, J. (1986). The three ring conception of
giftedness: a development model for
creative productivity. In Sternberg, R. &
Davidson, J. (eds). Conceptions of
giftedness (pp. 53 92). New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Rowland, T., Huckstep, P. and Thwaites, A.
(2004). Reflective on Prospective
Elementary Teachers' Mathematics
Content Knowledge: The Case of Laura.
Proceeding of the 28th Conference of the
International Group for Psychology of
Mathematics Education, 4, 121 128.
Schmdtn. (1985). The uses of curriculum
integration in language arts instruction a
study of six class rooms. Journal of
Curriculum Studies, 17 (3), 305 330.
Shoemaker, B. (1989). Integrative education: a
curriculum for the twenty first century.
ED,311602.
Shumer, R. (1999). service, social studies, and

EFEF/888/888 888!#
 K

K;Y
88UAQ/z/.
 K#`5 ;/nh$W! $
 
: :
Al Barakat, A. & Al Karasneh, S. (2005).
The contribution of school textbooks in
the early grades of education in preparing
young children to become effective
citizens: teachers perspective. Journal
of Early Childhood Research, 3(2), 169
192. (Institute of Education, Coventry,
England, UK).
Al Barakat, A. (2004). The first primary
grade teachers understanding of the
effective instructional role of illustrations
in developing young jordanian childrens
teaching and learning. Dirasat,
Educational Sciences (Journal of the
University of Jordan), 31(2), 453 463
Arsal, Z. (2010). The effects of diaries on self
regulation strategies of pre service
science teachers. International Journal
of Environmental & Science Education,
5(1), 85 103.
Borasi, R. (1996). Preconceiving Mathematics
Instruction: a Focus on Errors. Norwood,
New Jersey: Ablex Publishing
Corporation.
Doppelt, Y. (2009). Assessing creative
thinking in design based learning.
International Journal of Technol. Des.
Educ., 19, 55 65.
Driver, R. (1983). The Pupil as Scientist. Milton
Keynes: Open UniversityK
Egan, K. (1992). A very short history of
imagination in teaching and learning.
London: Onts Aithouse Press.
Gronlund, N. (1985). Stating Objectives for

... :

citizenship conceptions for the new

century. Eric Document, ED, 430907.
Sternberg, R. (1999). What is the common
thread of creativity? Its dialectical relation
to intelligence and wisdom. American
Psychologist, 56(4),360 362.
Torrance, E. (1988). The Nature of Creativity
as Manifest in its Testing. In R. J.
Sternberg (ed.), The Nature of Creativity
(43 75). New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Torrance, E. (1962). Guiding Creative Talent.
Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice Hall.
Torrance, E. (1980). Assessing the Further
Reaches of Creative Potential. Journal of
Creative Behavior, 14, 1 19.
Van Tassel Baska, J., Avery, L., Struck, J.,
Feng, A., Bracken, B.,Drummond,D.;
&Stambaugh,T.,(2003). The William
and Mary Classroom Observation Scales
Revised. Center for Gifted Education,
The College of William and Mary
School of Education, USA.
Wheeler, S., Waite, S. & Bromfield, C. (2002).
Promoting creative thinking through the
use of ICT. Journal of Computer
Assisted Learning, 18, 367 378.
Yuen, M. & Westwood, P. (2004). Expected
competencies of teachers of gifted
learners: perspectives from Chinese
teachers and students. Gifted and
Talented International, 19(1), 7 14.
Yuen, M. (2004). Competencies of teachers of
gifted learners: the Hong Kong student
perspective. Gifted Education
International, 18(3), 301 312.

(/) (...) ...

Instructional performance of the gifted education teachers in implementing Effective

Enrichment Model in Saudi Arabia public education schools
A
bdullah M. Aljughaiman
Associate professor College of Education - King Faisal University
Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, p.o box: 380
E-mail:alju9390@gmail.com
(Received 29/11/1431H; accepted for publication 30/3/1432H.)
keywords: Instructional performance, gifted education teacher, enrichment model.
Abstract. The current study investigated the instructional performance of the gifted education teachers in implementing the effective
Enrichment Model in Saudi Arabia public education schools. The sample of the study consisted of forty three male and female teachers
who teach in the programs of nurturing gifted students during the second academic semester of 2008/2009. In order to achieve the aims of
the study, an observation instrument of (40) items was designed, and was constructed in two domains: skills of planning teaching/learning
experiences, and skills of thinking and scientific research.
The findings revealed that the instructional performance of gifted education teachers have reached a high level of performance. More
clearly, it was found that the way in which teaching and learning experiences were planned was effective. In addition, the instructional
performance of teachers has achieved a high level regarding problem solving, and creative thinking skills. In spite of the positive side of the
findings of the current study, it was found the instructional performance of teachers has not achieved a high level with respect to the
development of the analytical thinking and scientific research skills. In the light of these findings, a set of relevant recommendations were
introduced.