BOTANY-DICOTYLEDEN B1 Apetalae This group includes all dicotyledons having some or all their flowers produced in catkins, or aments.

The plants are woody, varying from large trees to ordinary or diminutive shrubs. Leaves pinnately compound, with out stipules; plants aromatic; fruit a bony nut completely enclosed in a bony husk. Jugla-Regia

(A) Juglandaceae

(B) Salicaceae

Leaves simple and stipulate; plants not aromatic; fruit naked or partly or completely enclosed in involucres. Fruit a capsule, seeds hairy and plants dioecious. Salica- Reticulata

B1a Amentifera (C) Betulaceae

Leaves simple and stipulate; plants not aromatic; fruit naked or partly or completely enclosed in involucres. Fruit a nut or nut let; seeds not hairy; plants monoecious (both male and female parts on the same flower) Male and female flowers in catkins (in corylus the female Flowers in catkins very small and bud like; leaves often thin and often doubly serrate; fruit a nut or nutlet enclosed within or subtended by folioceous (leaf like) or herbaceous bracts, the nutlets often winged. Leaves simple and stipulate; plants not aromatic; fruit naked or partly or completely enclosed in involucres (a whorl of bracts subtending an inflorence) Fruit a nut or nut let; seeds not hairy; plants monoecious Male flowers in catkins, female flowers in clusters or solitary; Leaves leathery, not doubly serrate bet often lobed; fruit a nut Partly enclosed within a cup or bur of hard, prickly or scaly bractlets, the nut never winged

(D) Fagaceae

Juice milky, multiple fruit. AtrocarpusHetrophylus (The edible part is the perianth)

Fiscus- Bengalinis- Fiscus- Caricus Fiscus- Gibosa(A) Moraceae

Fiscus- Glomavata- Fiscus- HispidaFiscus- ReligiosaFiscus- PolycarpaMorous Alba-

Morinda- Tinctora- trees with unsymmetrical leaves, fruit a samara (a simple dry not separating fruit)or a drupe. B1b Florifera (B) Ulmaceae HalopetaliaIntegerifoliaTrema-Oriantals

(C) Cannabinaceae

Herbs, vines, or shrubs with symmetrical leaves; fruit otherwise Plants aromatic Cannibis- Sativa

(D) Urticaceae

Juice not milky, simple fruit Plants not aromatic. with stinging hairs or at least mostly opposite leaves; inflorescence of numerous, minute, green flowers, auxiliary. Tragia-Involucrata- Juice not milky, simple fruit. Plants not aromatic. Without stinging hairs, the leaves alternate, inflorescence sometimes of green flowers but not all auxiliary. Fruit not an anthocarp, not surrounded by the withered remains of the perianth tube; Stamens

(E) Polygonaceae

mostly opposite the sepals or the sepals lacking. Embryo straight, plants not mealy; perianth metalloid or else in two series (rumex); Stipules sheathing the stem or the flowers usually involucrate; fruit usually a triangular akene, rarely a lenticular akene. (Lens shaped) PolygonumBarlatumRhemAccuminatumRhem- AustralaRhem-EmodiRhem- SpeciformRhem- Webiana

Rumex-Vesicarius- Juice not milky, simple fruit. Plants not aromatic. without stinging hairs, the leaves alternate, inflorescence sometimes of green flowers but not all auxiliary. fruit not an anthocarp, not surrounded by the withered remains of the perianth tube; stamens mostly opposite the sepals or the sepals lacking. embryo curved or coiled; plants often mealy; prianth green or scarious when present, always in 1 series; stipules lacking; flowers not involucrate; fruit a utricle, pyxis, or rounded akene Inflorescences with prickly bracts. ChenopodiumAlbum -

(F) Chenopodiaceae

Juice not milky, simple fruit. Plants not aromatic. without stinging hairs, the leaves alternate, inflorescence sometimes of green flowers but not all auxiliary. (G) Amaranthaceae AlternatheraAmoena Celocia-Albida Amaranthus- - -

Crangeticus AmaranthusSoinosua AmaranthusTricolour Amaranthus - - -

(H) Nyctaginaceae

Juice not milky, simple fruit. Plants not aromatic. without stinging hairs, the leaves alternate, inflorescence sometimes of green flowers but not all auxiliary. Inflorescences without prickly bracts. fruit an anthocarp (separate carpels) surrounded by the withered remains of the perianth tube; stamens alternate with sepals. Boerhavia diffusaMirabili Nyctanthera Pismia- Grandis - - -

B2 Polepetalea (A) Caryophylaceae LudwigiaParwifoliaPortulacaOleraceaeB2A ORDER Caryophyllales (B) Portulacaceae PortulacaPudrifoliaPortulaca- PilosaPortulaca- StrumLiriodendranPholomoidsB2b ORDER Ranales (A) Magnoliaceae LiriodendranSerratumMollugoNudicanlis

Nymphaea alba (B) Nymphaeaceae

Nelumbo- Nucifera Nymphaea- Stillata PotenderiaVaginalies AquilariaAgallocha

(C) Ranuncalaceae

Aconitum- Napilus(HELMET FLOWER)-Captis- TeetaAbis- SpectabilisCinnamoumVerumCinnamoumThamalaCinnamoumMacrophylumCinnamoumZylanicumCinnamoumCamphora-LaurusLudwigiaOctovovisMagnoliaMelissaSyzygiumAromaticumBerberis-Aristata

(D) Lauraceae

(E) Berberidaceae

PodophylumPeltatumCosiniumFenestratum-

(F) Menispermaceae

Tinospora cordifoliaMyristicaMalbaricaMyristicaFragransArgemoneMexicanaPapa VeraSomniferumFumariaParvifloraCaparis- ZylanicaBrassica- AlbaBrassica-

(G) Myristicaceae

(A) Papaveraceae

B2c ORDER (B) Fumariaceae Papaverales (rhoedalea) (C) Capparaceae (D) Brassicaceae (cruciferae) B2d ORDER Saraceniales (A) Saraceniaceae (A) Rosaceae Sub Families (A1) Rosoideae

Pruns-

Pruns- Amygdalus Varity AmaraPruns- Amygdalus Varity DulcisPruns- CerasusB2e ORDER Rosales (A2) Amygdaloideae

Pruns- Communis apricotPruns- DomesticaPruns- PersicaPruns- Serotina

(A3) Maloideae (B) Crassulaceae

Malus-

(C) Hydrangeaceae (D) Saxifraceae E) Grassulariaceae Carissa- Carandus- flowers regular; stamens 10 or more; leaves bipinnate Uncaria- GambirAcacia-CatechuAcacia-CatchAcacia- Eburina

Acacia_farnesiana- Acacia- Lecopholia- AcaciaFarniasianaAcacia- Nilotila(F) Leguminosae (fabaceae) Sub Families (F1) Mimosoideae (sub family) Acacia- SimuataAlbizia- AmaraAlbiziaOdorratismaMimosaMimosa-InstianaMimosaPaniculata

Mimosa- Flexuosa- Mimosa- SirissaMimosa- CineriaAlbizia- BebbeckAlbiziaOdoratismaXylia- Xylocarpasub family (F2) Caesalpinioideae

Flowers irregular; stamens 10 or less, leaves mostly pinnate or digitate, rarely simple

Lateral petals (wings) covering upper one (standard) in the bud. Adenthera- Pavonia BauhiniaRacemosaBauhiniaTomentosaCasia- AbsusCasia- AlataCasia- AuriculataCasia- Fistusa

Casia-Occidentals- Casia- SennaCasia- ToraGarciniaGummigutta-

Glyricidia-Sepium- HamatoxylonCompechnumHardwickiaBenataIndigoferaTinctiraPheseolus- Trili

Flowers irregular; stamens 10 or less, leaves mostly pinnate or digitate, rarely simple Lateral petals (wings) enclosed by the upper one (standard) in the bud. Abrus- PrecariousSub family (F3) Popylonia (lotoideae) Alfalfa ButiaMonospermaButea superba

Cicer- Ariebtinum- DelichosDelichosTranquebericusErithria- VarigataGlycyrhidaeGlabaraGlycyrrhiza_lepidot a-1 Glycyrrhiza_lepidot a-2 Glycyrrhiza_lepidot a-3 Glycyrrhiza_lepidot a-4 Glinus- Lotoids

Lablap- Purpurens- Vigna- MungoVigna- Ungaiculata- Vigna- RadiataTerminalia-Arjuna- (A) Combretaceae B2f ORDER Myrtales (B) Rhizophoraceae TerminaliaBellaricaTerminaliaChebula RhizophoraAvicenniaRhizophoraMargleQuacia-Indica

(A) Simarubaceae B2g ORDER Geranials (B) Burseraceae

Canarium-Strictum RoxbCommiphoramukul-

 ( ) (C) Flacourtiaceae FlacourtiaRamanachi

(D) Dipterocarpaceae Shora-Robusta-

Herbage glandular doted; plants aromatic; fruit often a hesperidium. Aegale- Marmelos- AllentaMalabaricaCitrusAurantifoliaCitrus-Lemon(E) Rutaceae Citrus- Medica

Peganum- Harmala- Ruta- GraveolensMurraya- Koenigia- Vitis- UniferaMuraya-PaniculataCholoroxylon-

Herbage not glandular doted; plants some times aromatic; fruit not a hesperidium flower regular; never spurred.herbs with a sour juice and 3- foliate leaves (F) Oxalidaceae Averrhoa-BilimbiAverrhoaCerambola

Oxalis-Carniculata- (G) Geraniaceae Herbage not glandular doted; plants some times aromatic; fruit not a hesperidium

flower regular; never spurred.herbs or shrubs, leaves not 3-foliate;juice not sour Poligonium Herbage not glandular doted; plants some times aromatic; fruit not a hesperidium flower regular; never spurred.herbs or shrubs, leaves not 3-foliate;juice not sourfruit some times elastic; but not beaked. Leaves pinnately compound; stamens distinct; mostly shrubs of the desert region, but some annual herbs. Tribulis Serrestris

(H) Zygophyllaceae

(I) Linaceae

Herbage not glandular doted; plants some times aromatic; fruit not a hesperidium flower regular; never spurred.herbs or shrubs, leaves not 3-foliate;juice not sourLeaves simple and entire; stamens monadelphous; mostly herbs of temperate regions. LinumUsitatysimum

Herbage not glandular doted; plants some times aromatic; fruit not a hesperidium Flowers irregular, with or with out a spur flowers not spurred. (J) Polygalaceae ArisochilusCerrosus

Polygala- Elongata- Polygala- Snegasnake root

(K) Trapolaceae

Herbage not glandular doted; plants some times aromatic; fruit not a hesperidium Flowers irregular, with a spur fruit often elastic but not beaked Leaves stamens 8; spur straight. Sesamum-Indicum- AbelmoschusEseulentusAbelmoschus ,

(A) Tiliaceae (Pedaliaceae) B2h ORDER Malvales (B) Malvaceae

Medicus-

Abutilon- Indicum- Hibiscus- RosaGossypiumArboramumGossypiumHerbaceumSida- OrapanicolaThespepsiaPopuleneaAdanosopiaDigitataBombax- Caiba(C) Bombacaceae Bombax- InsignisEleodedranPendandraSalmaleaMalabarica(D) Coclospermaceae CoclosermumReligismAccyrumEuropaleumTrianthemaDecandraB2i ORDER Guttiferales (A) Hypericaceae TrianthemaMonogynaTrianthemaPendadraTrianthemaPortulacastrumAnacardiumSemicarpumAnacardiumOccidentale-

B2j ORDER Sapindales (A) Annacardiaceae

PistachiaPistachiaTerebinthusRhus-SucedeneaCadiospermumHelicarbonumLanneaCoramandalicaMaduca- IndicaPoulina- Odorata(B) Sapindaceae Poulina- ZylanicaSapindusEmerginatusSapindusLaurifolia-

1 2

Sapindus- Pinnatus- Similaxaristolochia(C) Similacaceae Similax-regeliSimilax- chinaSimilax- xylanica(D) Aceraceae AcalyphaFructicosaAcalypha- IndicaAcalypha-radiansB2k ORDER Euphorbiales Alluritis- FordiAlluritisMolucanaAlluritis- TrilobaCarica 1 2 1 2 3 Mexican sarsaparilla Honduran-sarsaparila

(A) Euphorbiaceae

Emblica officinalis () GaertnEuphorbiaAntiquorumEuphorbiaBravisigmaEuphorbia- GalliEuphorbiaLingulariaEuphorbiaPillulifoliaJaltropa-Curcas 1 2

Manihot- Esculenta GrandisMallotusPhilipensisPhillanthusAmarus-SchumPhilanthusUrinaria

Philanthus- Acidus- PhilanthusNudifoliaRicinusCommunisTravia- NudifoliaZizyphus- JujubaB2l ORDER Rhamnales (A) Rhmnaceae ZizyphusNummulariaZvotudifolia

(B) Elaeagnacea B2m ORDER Violales B2n ORDER Loasales B2o ORDER Cactales (A) Violaceae (A) Loasaceae Pacuminata(A) Cactaceae Opuntia- DillenilB2p ORDER Lythrales (A) Onagraceae

BaringtoniaAutangulata(B) Lythraceae Carrya- Arborea-

Lawsonia-Inermis- (A) Cornaceae Leaves compound (rarely simple); and alternate or basal; flowers 5-merous ; style usually 2 or 5. Style 5, fruit a berry or drupe. (B) Araliaceae BroyoniaLlasiniosaCoccna-GrandisNardostachiaJatamansi

B2q ORDER Umbellales

Leaves compound (rarely simple); and alternate or basal; flowers 5-merous ; style usually 2 or 5. Style 2, fruit a schizocarp (2 mericarps) AnethumApiumGraveolensAngelica(C) Umbelliferaceae AniseedFennal CarumCentella asiaticaDaucus- Carota 2

(C) SYMPETALAE (C1) Hypogynous Sympetalae (C1a) ORDER (A) Ericaceae (A1) Pyroloideae Flowers hypogynous; fruit a capsule or berry.

Ericales

(Sub)

Plants green, with normal leaves. Herbs with a some what scapose habit; petals distinct or slightly united. ArctosaphylosAlpinaGauthariaFragrantisma

Flowers hypogynous; fruit a capsule or berry. (A2) Ericoideae (Sub) Plants green, with normal leaves. Shrubs or trees; petals usually united. Flowers hypogynous; fruit a capsule or berry. (A3) Monotropoideae Plants saprophytic (parasitic); without green leaves. Primula- Atrodenta- smiths primeros C1b ORDER Primulales (A) Primulaceae (Prime Rose) PrimulaMalacoidsPrimula- Sessilisfairy primerose

Primula- Obconica- poison primerose stalk less primerose Juice not milky; flowers 4-5-merous; fruit not a follicle; seeds not comose. Mostly herbs; stamens 4-5.

(A) Gentinaceae

Gentiana-Kurroo-

() ()

Suertia- Chirata-

C1c ORDER Gentinales (B) Oleaceae

Juice not milky; flowers 4-5-merous; fruit not a follicle; seeds not comose (). Mostly trees and shrubs; stamens 2 Jasminum- Sembac- Lipidium- Sativum- Tubernee Montana- DiuriticaJuice milky; flowers 5-merous; fruit a follicle seeds comose (). Stamens free from each other; seldom coherent with the stigma; corona none or inconspicuous; follicle linear.

(C) Apocynaceae

Alistonia- Sholaris- ApocynumAndrosamifoliumApocynumCannabinum

Cascabela-Theveta- Catharanthus-Rosa- EcomonemetigaHolarrhenaPuescens

Nerium- Oleander- RawolfiaSerpentinaStaphenthusGratusVinca- Minor

Juice milky; flowers 5-merous; fruit a follicle seeds comose (). Stamens united by their anthers and to the stigma; corona conspicuous; follicles lanceolate. (D) Asclepidaceae Pergularia- Extenta- TylophoraAsthmatica

Tylophoria- Indica- Calotropics GiganticaStrychnos-Ignati berryStrychnos- Nux Vomica(F) Periplacaceae C1d ORDER (A) Convolvulaceae contains sub families HemiclesmusIndicus

(E) Loganaceae

Corolla regular; stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes.

Tubiflora

Flowers 5-merous;corollo not scarious. Corrola scarcely lobed or the plants parasitic. Plants green with normal leaves Clitoria- TernatiaEvolvulusAlsinoidsIpomoeaCandicansIpomoea- Cairica

Ipomoea- UnifoliaIpomoea-GnaticaIpomoeaHederaceaeIpomoeaMauritiana-

(A1) Ipomoea-Nil Convolvuloideae(Sub) Ipomoea-Percaprac- IpomoeaPestigridisIpomoeaPharbiritisIpomoea- PurpuraIpomoeaQuamoclitOpercukinaTurpethiumPlumbago indicaPlambagoCapensisPlambago- RosaPlambagoZylanica

plants parasitic and leafless, not green (A2) Cuscutoideae (Sub) Cucutta-Reflexa

(B) Polymoniaceae

Corolla regular; stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes. Flowers 5-merous;corollo not scarious Corolla definitely lobed; plants green. Carpel 3, stigma 3 Corolla regular; stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes. Flowers 5-merous;corollo not scarious Corolla definitely lobed; plants green. Carpel 2, stigma 1 or 2. Ovary deeply 4 lobed. Corolla regular; stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes. Flowers 5-merous;corollo not scarious. Corolla definitely lobed; plants green. Carpel 2, stigma 1 or 2. Ovary not deeply 4-lobed Style 2 or style 2 cleft EriodictimCaliforniumPiper-Cubeba

(C) Boragianaceae

(D) Hydrophylaceae

(E) Piperaceae

Piper longum-Piper-Nigrum-

Corolla regular; stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes. Flowers 5-merous;corollo not scarious. Style1 or the stigma sensile Capsicum(F) Solanaceae

Capsicum- Annum- CapsicumFrustescensDatura_ferox

Datura_meteloides- Datura_wrightii-

DathuraStramoniumHyoscymumisNigerPhysalis-MinimaLycopersicomEsculentum-

Nicotina- Tabacum- Pongamia- Glabra- Solanum- AngulnSolanumMacranthum Temple Flower

Solanum-Melagena- SolanumTubrosumSolanum- Nigrum Deadly Nightshade

(G) Plantaginaceae

Corolla regular; stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes. Flowers 4-merous; corolla scarious Plantago-Major

Corolla irregular, some times only slightly so; stamen often fewer than corolla lobes or some of them sterile Aromatic herbs with square stems and opposite leaves; ovary usually 4-lobed and fruit 4 nutlets; style rising from between the lobes of the ovary (H) Laminaceae Labitae Coleus- BlumeriHyssopusMenthaMentha- ArvensisMintMonardaNepeta-(catmint)

NigellaOcimumOcimumBasilicumOcimumGritissimum-

Ocimum- Sanctum- Stevia- Corolla irregular, some times only slightly so; stamen often fewer than corolla lobes or some of them sterile Plants seldom aromatic; with square stems and opposite leaves; ovary not deeply 4 lobed; fruit usually many seeded capsule; style arising from the apex of the ovary. Plants parasitic without green colour. Stems woody; leaves often present. Corolla irregular, some times only slightly so; stamen often fewer than corolla lobes or some of them sterile Plants seldom aromatic; with square stems and opposite leaves; ovary not deeply 4 lobed; fruit usually many seeded capsule; style arising from the apex of the ovary. Plants not parasitic with green leaves OroxycumIndicumRose Wood

(I) Orobaniaceae

(J) Bignoniaceae

(K) Lentibulariaceae

Corolla irregular, some times only slightly so; stamen often fewer than corolla lobes or some of them sterile Plants seldom aromatic; with square stems and opposite leaves; ovary not deeply 4 lobed; fruit usually many seeded capsule; style arising from the apex of the ovary. Plants not parasitic with green leaves Stems herbaceous, rarely woody; leaves never compound but sometimes deeply cleft. Aquatic herbs, often insectivorous; the submerged leaves usually finely divided;

Flowers with mostly 4 stamens, the ovary with free central placentation Corolla irregular, some times only slightly so; stamen often fewer than corolla lobes or some of them sterile Plants seldom aromatic; with square stems and opposite leaves; ovary not deeply 4 lobed; fruit usually many seeded capsule; style arising from the apex of the ovary. Plants not parasitic with green leaves Mostly terrestrial plants; some times in wet places, the leaves are not finely divided; flowers with mostly 4 stamen, the ovary never with free central placentation. Flowers in spikes or heads fruit 2-4 nutlets AvicinniaOfficinallisClerodendrum indicumClerodedrum viscosum LippiaTectonia- GrandisVitex negundo L.htm

(L) Verbeniaceae

Corolla irregular, some times only slightly so; stamen often fewer than corolla lobes or some of them sterile Plants seldom aromatic; with square stems and opposite leaves; ovary not deeply 4 lobed; fruit usually many seeded capsule; style arising from the apex of the ovary. Plants not parasitic with green leaves (M) Scrophulariaceae Stems herbaceous, rarely woody; leaves never compound but sometimes deeply cleft. Mostly terrestrial plants; some times in wet places, the leaves are not finely divided; flowers with mostly 4 stamen, the ovary never with free central placentation Flowers not in spikes or heads but sometimes congested; fruit many seeded capsule Bacoba- Monnieri-

Digitalis- PurpuraPicrozhia- KurroaAcanthusAndrographis paniculataHygrophila auriculata(N) Acanthaceae AdhatodaZylanica-

Justica- Adhatoda - JusticaTranqueberansis

Tendril-bearing herbs (not twiners); fruit a pepo BenicacasaHispidaCitrulusColosynthisCucumis-Sativus

Cucumis-Trigonus- Cucurbita-Maxima- C2 Epigynous Sympetalae (A) Cucurbitaceae Lagenera- Siceraria- Luffa-AcutangulaMomodicaTuberoaMomodicacymbalariaMemordicaCharandiaMeMordicaDioticaTrichosanthesCucumerina(B) Campanulaceae 1 2 3

Tendrils lacking; fruit not a pepo Stamens free from corolla

Tendrils lacking; fruit not a pepo Stamens inserted in the corolla tube Ovary 2-several-celled and 2-several seeded Flower regular; leaves opposite and stipulate or appearing whorled and exstipulate AnthocephalusCadambaCephalusIpecacuantha(C) Rubiaceae

Cinchona- Calisaya- CinchinaLedgeriana- Indian varietyCinchonaOfficianallis

Cinchona Sathruba- SrilancaCoffea-ArrabicaRubia- Cardifolia

(D) Carrifoliaceae

Tendrils lacking; fruit not a pepo Stamens inserted in the corolla tube Ovary 2-several-celled and 2-several seeded Flowers regular or irregular; leves opposite or profoliate and extipulate Tendrils lacking; fruit not a pepo Stamens inserted in the corolla tube Ovary one celled and one seeded Flowers not in an involucrate head; anthers united or distinct ValarrinaceaeOfficianalisNadostachsJatamansi

(E) Valerianaceae

(F) Dipsacaceae

Tendrils lacking; fruit not a pepo Stamens inserted in the corolla tube Ovary one celled and one seeded Flowers in an involucrate head; anthers distinct

(G) Tendrils lacking;fruit not a pepo Stamens Asteraceae(Composita inserted in the corolla tube e) Ovary one celled and one seeded

Flowers in an involucrate head; anthers united (very few exceptions) AnacylusPyretherumArtimesia- IndicaArtimesiaMartimaArtimesiaNilageriaCatharanthusTinctoriusChamameliumEclipta Prostrata(.Alba) EupatoriumNigosum white snake root

Helianthus- Annus- HelianthusEnneaspermumLeucas- AsperaMatricaria(H) Lobelioideae Aristolochiaeae Meliaceae misc families Moringaceae MyrrhisStrychaceae Strychnos nuxvomica LobeliaNicotinafolia

Aristolochia indica CoriandrumMoringa oleifera Myrah

Monocotyleden
A1 Calyciferae(A) AlismataceaePlants scappose leaves Basel and Leaves broad;

inflorescence a bracteate (a modified leaf subtending a flower or flower cluster) panicle or open Raceme; inner perianth segments petalloid Fruit 1- seeded, or sometimes 2- seeded. (1)SagitariaObtusifolia

(B) Juncacinaceae-

Fruit 1- seeded, or sometimes 2- seeded. Plants scappose (bearing a leaf flowering stalk arising from ground or a very short stem bearing basal leaves) leaves Basel. Leaves linear, grass like, inflorescence a narrow, spike like, bracteate raceme; inner perianth segments sepaloid. Fruit 1- seeded, or sometimes 2- seeded. Plants with leafy stems. Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of separate carpels

(C) Najadaceae(D) Butomaceae

Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united (E) Hydrocharitaceae- carpels. Submerged aquatics with small epigynous flowers and whorled leaves Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united carpels. Plants not submerged aquatics; flowers hypogynous or epigynous; leaves not whorled. Plants mostly epiphytic (an independent plant growing on another plant) or xerophytic (a plant adapted to a very dry climate), with densely clustered linear and often spinytoothed leaves; flowers terminal, spike like inflorescence (or in Tillandaceae the leaves entire and well spaced) Annas-Comosus

(F) Bromeliaceae-

(G) Commmelinaceae-

Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united carpels. Plants not submerged aquatics; flowers hypogynous or epigynous; leaves not whorled. Plants terrestrial, seldom xerophytic, their leaves not spiny-toothed Flowers hypogynous. Plants with leafy stems; flowers in cymes. CommelinaBengaleinis

(H) Xyridaceae-

Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united carpels. Plants not submerged aquatics; flowers hypogynous or epigynous; leaves not whorled. Plants terrestrial, seldom xerophytic, their leaves not spiny-toothed. Flowers hypogynous. Plants scappose; flower in heads. Plants not aromatic; fertile stamens Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united carpels. Plants not submerged aquatics; flowers hypogynous or epigynous; leaves not whorled. Plants terrestrial, seldom xerophytic, their leaves not spiny-toothed. Flowers epigynous Plants not aromatic; fertile stamens Leaves and bracts spirally arranged. Iindian hempMarijuna MusaSapientumMusa-Textiles

(I) Musaceae-

(J) Strelitziaceae-

Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united carpels. Plants not submerged aquatics; flowers hypogynous or epigynous; leaves not whorled. Plants terrestrial, seldom xerophytic, their leaves not spiny-toothed. Flowers epigynous Plants not aromatic; fertile stamens Leaves and bracts 2- ranked; fruits capsular Fruit 3- many seeded. Gynoecium of united carpels. Plants not submerged aquatics; flowers hypogynous or epigynous; leaves not whorled. Plants terrestrial, seldom xerophytic, their leaves not spiny-toothed. Flowers epigynous Plants aromatic Alpina- GalangalAmomum aromaticum

(K) Zingiberaceae-

AmomumSubulatum Costus-SoeciosusCurcumaAromaticaCurcuma- Longa-

Curcuma- Zedoria- Elataria-Cardamon- Elataria-RegainsMarantaArundinaceaeMarantaAugustifolia Zingiber-ZizgeberOfficianalis(A) Dioscoreaceae Dioscourea-villosa

(B) lemnaceae-

Plants Thalloid (un differentiated in to stems and leaf) and aquatic, without true stem and leaves. Pistia-stratrotis

A2 Corolliferae (C) Araceae

Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic. Herbs with minute flowers in a dense spike (spadix), which is usually subtended by a conspicuous bract (spathe) Acorous- calamous- ColocasiaesculentaSymplocosracemosa(D) Palmae (arecaceae)

Plants with stems and leaves. Trees or shrubs with large pinnate or palmate leaves in a terminal tuft; fruit a large nut, drupe, berry; flowers mostly unisexual

Areca-catachu-

Borassus- flabellif- Caryta-urnesCocus- miciferaLodolicamaldavicapalmae-

Phonix- sylvestries- Phonix- datiferaSagus- leavus-

(E) Liliaceae-

Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, if herbaceous the flowers not above. Mostly herbs, but if woody the simple, the flowers perfect, and fruit a capsule Flowers perfect, the perianth petaloid and often showy. Ovary superior, the flowers hypogynous Allium-cepa

(F) Amarylidaceae-

Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic. herbs, shrubs, or trees, if herbaceous the flowers not a spike Mostly herbs, but if woody the simple, the flowers perfect, and fruit a capsule Flowers perfect, the perianth petaloid and often showy. Ovary inferior, the flowers, epigynous Flowers regular; stamens 6 , placentation axilary. plant scapose Aloe veraAloe Mexicana AmorphophaluspaeonifoliusAmorphophalus

campanulatusTyphoniumtrilobatium

(G) Iridaceae-

Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic. herbs, shrubs, or trees, if herbaceous the flowers not a spike Mostly herbs, but if woody the simple, the flowers perfect, and fruit a capsule Flowers perfect, the perianth petaloid and often showy. Ovary inferior, the flowers, epigynous Stamens 3; equitant- leafy stems. Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic. herbs, shrubs, or trees, if herbaceous the flowers not a spike Mostly herbs, but if woody the simple, the flowers perfect, and fruit a capsule Flowers perfect, the perianth petaloid and often showy. Flowers irregular; stamens 2 or 1; placentation parital. Ovary inferior, the flowers, epigynous CorollocorpusEpigalusOrchis-latifoliaVanila-Plantifolia

(H) Orchidaceae-

(I) Typhaceae-

Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic. herbs, shrubs, or trees, if herbaceous the flowers not a spike Mostly herbs, but if woody the simple, the flowers perfect, and fruit a capsule Flowers unisexual, minute, in dense heads or spikes; perianth not petaloid Inflorescence a continious or interrupted and cylenderical spike; fruit disseminated by silky hairs. Inflorescence of few to many globous heads without hairs. Plants with stems and leaves, some times aquatic.

(J) Sparganiaceae-

herbs, shrubs, or trees, if herbaceous the flowers not a spike Mostly herbs, but if woody the simple, the flowers perfect, and fruit a capsule Flowers unisexual, minute, in dense heads or spikes; perianth not petaloid (A) Juncanaceae Fruit a three valve capsule containing 3-many seeds; perianth of 6 chaffy and similar segments; flowers not associated with scale like bracts (scales, lemmas, or glumes Fruit an akene (caryopsis), indehiscent (not opening it self) and 1-seeded; perianth inconspicuous, of scales, bristles or hairs, or sometimes lacking; flowers associated with scale like bracts (scales, lemmas, or glumes) Stems not jointed; leaves when present 3ranked; fruit lenticular or trigonous akene. Cyprus-Rotundus

(B) Cyperaceae

A3 Glumifera

Fruit an akene (caryopsis), indehiscent and 1seeded; perianth inconspicuous, of scales, bristles or hairs, or sometimes lacking; flowers associated with scale like bracts (scales, lemmas, or glumes) Stems jointed; leaves always present and 2ranked; fruit a grain (caryopsis), seldom angled BombusaArundinaceae(C) Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris(details)TraiticumAestivumHordium-VulgareOryza- Sativa

Cynadon-Dactylon CymbopogonCitratusCymbopoganNardusCymbopogan

MartiniCymbopoganFlexuosusSccharumOfficinalisEphedra- GrandiaGYMNOSPERMUM (WITH OUT SEED COVER) Araucaria- PineCONIFERALES Pinaceae

Cedarus- Deoder- ( thuja)Pinua- Roxburgi