Updated Checklist of Indian Reptiles

R. Aengals, V.M. Sathish Kumar & Muhamed Jafer Palot*

*

Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai-600 028 Western Ghat Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calicut-673 006 Corresponding author: aengalszsiramasamy@yahoo.com

INTRODUCTION Reptiles are cold-blooded animals found in almost all the parts of the world, except the very cold regions. In India, all the three living orders of reptiles have their representatives - Crocodylia (crocodiles), Testudines (turtles and tortoises) and Squamata (lizards and snakes). The diversified climate, varying vegetation and different types of soil in the country form a wide range of biotopes that support a highly diversified reptilian fauna. The Western Ghats, Eastern Himalaya, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are endowed with varied and unique reptilian fauna. The monumental works on Indian reptiles are, The Reptiles of British India by Gunther (1864), Fauna of British India - Reptilia and Batrachia by Boulenger (1890) and Smith (1931, 1935, 1943). The work of Smith stood the test of time and forms the standard work on the subject. Further contributions were made by Tiwari & Biswas (1973), Sharma (1977, 1978, 1981, 1998, 2002, 2007), Murthy (1985, 1994, 2010), Das (1991, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003), Tikedar & Sharma (1992), Das & Bauer (2000), Das & Sengupta (2000), Daniel (2002), Whitaker and Captain (2004), Sharma (2007), Thrope et. al. (2007), Mukherjee and Bhupathy (2007), Gower and Winkler (2007), Manamendra-Arachchi et al. (2007), Das and Vijayakumar (2009), Giri (2008), Giri & Bauer (2008), Giri, et al. (2009a), Giri et al.(2009b), Zambre et al. (2009), Haralu (2010), Pook et al.(2009), Van Rooijen and Vogel (2009), Mahony (2009, 2010) and Venugopal (2010). An updated checklist of 518 species of reptiles which includes 3 species of crocodiles, 34 species of turtles and tortoises, 202 species of lizards and 279 species of snakes belonging to 28 families recorded till date from India is presented here. The species present in specific ecological subregions super- scribed with alphabets a to cc in the checklist, is based on the work of Murthy (2010).

PHYLUM: CHORDATA CLASS: REPTILIA ORDER: CROCODYLIA

1. Family Crocodylidae
1. 2. Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 Mugger crocodile Saltwater crocodile

2. Family Gavialidae
3. Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin,1789) Gharial

ORDER : TESTUDINES Suborder: Cryptodira

3. Family Bataguridae
4. Batagur baska (Gray, 1830) 5. Cuora amboinensis (Daudin, 1802) 6. Cyclemys oldhami Gray, 1863 7. Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831) 8. Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray,1831) 9. Vijayachelys silvatica b (Henderson, 1912) 10. Hardella thurjii (Gray, 1831) 11. Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832) 2 Northern River terrapin Southeast Asian box turtle Oldham' leaf turtle s Asian leaf-turtle Spotted pond turtle Cochin forest cane turtle Crowned river turtle Three-striped roofed turtle

12. Batagur kachuga (Gray,1831) 13. Melanochelys tricarinata (Blyth,1856) 14. Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger,1812) 15. Morenia petersi (Anderson, 1879) 16. Pangshura smithii Gray,1863 17. Pangshura sylhetensis Jerdon,1870 18. Pangshura tectum Gray,1830 19. Pangshura tentoria Gray,1834 20. Cuora mouhotii (Gray,1862)

Red - crowned roofed turtle Tricarinate hill turtle Indian black turtle Indian eyed turtle Brown roofed turtle Assam roofed turtle Indian roofed turtle Indian tent turtle Keeled box turtle

4. Family Cheloniidae
21. Caretta caretta (Linnaeus,1758) 22. Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus,1758) 23. Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus,1766) 24. Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz,1829) Loggerhead sea turtle Green sea turtle Hawksbill sea turtle Olive ridley sea turtle

5. Family Dermochelyidae
25. Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli,1761) Leatherback sea turtle

6. Family Testudinidae
26. Geochelone elegans (Schoepff,1795) 27. Indotestudo elongata (Blyth,1853) 28. Indotestudo travancorica b (Boulenger,1907) 29. Manouria emys (Schlegel & Muller, 1840) Indian star tortoise Elongated tortoise Travancore tortoise Asian Giant tortoise

7. Family Trionychidae
30. Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert,1770) 31. Nilssonia gangetica (Cuvier,1825) 32. Nilssonia hurum (Gray,1830) 33. Nilssonia leithii m (Gray,1872) 34. Nilssonia nigricans (Anderson,1875 ) 35. Chitra indica (Gray,1830) 36. Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre,1789) 37. Pelochelys cantorii Gray,1864 3 Asiatic softshell turtle Indian softshell turtle Indian peacock softshell turtle Leith' softshell turtle s Black softshell turtle
Indian Narrow-headed softshell turtle

Indian flapshell turtle Asian giant softshell turtle

ORDER : SQUAMATA Suborder : Sauria

8. Family Agamidae
38. Bronchocela cristatella (Kuhl, 1820) 39. Bronchocela danieli h (Tiwari & Biswas,1973) 40. Bronchocela jubata Dumril & Bibron, 1837 41. Brachysaura minor (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) 42. Bufoniceps laungwalaensis (Sharma, 1978) 43. Calotes andamanensis g Boulenger, 1891, 44. Calotes aurantolabiumb Krishnan, 2008 45. Calotes calotes (Linnaeus, 1758) 46. Calotes grandisquamis b Gnther, 1875 47. Calotes jerdoni Gnther, 1871 48. Calotes maria r Gray, 1845 49. Calotes mystaceus Dumril & Bibron, 1837 50. Calotes nemoricola b Jerdon, 1853 51. Calotes ellioti b Gnther, 1864 52. Calotes emma Gray, 1845 53. Calotes rouxii Dumril & Bibron, 1837 54. Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1812) 55. Coryphophylax subcristatus (Blyth, 1860) 56. Draco blanfordii Boulenger, 1885 57. Draco dussumieri b Dumril & Bibron, 1837 58. Draco maculatus Gray, 1845 59. Japalura andersoniana Annandale, 1905 60. Japalura kaulbacki Smith, 1937 4
b p

Green crested lizard Daniels forest lizard Maned forest lizard Hardwickes bloodsucker Laungawala toad-headed lizard Green crestless forest lizard Orange- lipped forest lizard Common green forest lizard Large scaled forest lizard Jerdon' Forest Lizard s Khasi hills forest lizard Moustached forest lizard Nilgiri forest lizard Elliots forest lizard Emma Grays forest lizard Rouxs forest lizard Indian garden lizard Bay Islands forest lizard Blanfords forest lizard South Indian flying lizard Spotted flying dragon Andersons mountain lizard Smiths Japalure

61. Japalura kumaonensis (Annandale, 1907) 62. Japalura major (Jerdon, 1870) 63. Japalura otai Mahony, 2009 64. Japalura planidorsata Jerdon, 1870 65. Japalura sagittifera Smith,1940 66. Japalura tricarinata (Blyth, 1854) 67. Japalura variegata Gray, 1853 68. Laudakia agrorensis (Stoliczka, 1872) 69. Laudakia dayana (Stoliczka, 1871) 70. Laudakia himalayana (Steindachner, 1867) 71. Laudakia melanura Blyth, 1854 72. Laudakia tuberculata (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) 73. Otocryptis beddomii b Boulenger, 1885 74. Oriocalotes paulus r Smith, 1935 75. Phrynocephalus theobaldi Blyth, 1863 76. Psammophilus blanfordanus (Stoliczka, 1871) 77. Psammophilus dorsalis m (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1831) 78. Pseudocalotes austeniana r (Annandale, 1908) 79. Ptyctolaemus gularis (Peters, 1864) 80. Salea anamallayana b (Beddome, 1878) 81. Salea horsfieldii Gray, 1845 82. Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier, 1829 83. Trapelus agilis (Olivier, 1804) 84. Trapelus megalonyx Gnther, 1864
b e r

Kumaon mountain lizard Large mountain lizard Ota' mountain Lizard s Smooth-scaled mountain lizard Burmese Japalure Three-keeled mountain lizard Variegated mountain lizard Agror agama Haridwar agama Himalayan agama Black agama Kashmir rock agama Indian kangaroo lizard Small forest lizard Theobalds toad headed agama Blanfords rock agama South Indian rock agama Abor hills agama Green fan -throated lizard Anaimalai spiny lizard Horsfields spiny lizard Fan throated lizard Brilliant ground agama Afghan ground agama

9. Family Anguidae
85. Ophisaurus gracilis (Gray, 1845) Burma/ Asian glass lizard

10. Family Chamaeleonidae

86. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Laurenti, 1768 87. Dibamus nicobaricus h(Steindachner, 1867) Indian Chamaeleon

11. Family Dibamidae

Nicobarese worm lizard

12. Family Eublepharidae

88. Eublepharis hardwickii Gray, 1827 5 East Indian leopard gecko

89. Eublepharis macularius (Blyth, 1854) 90. Eublepharis fuscusb (Borner, 1981) 91. Calodactylodes aureus a (Beddome, 1870) 92. Cnemaspis assamensis Das & Sengupta, 2000 93. Cnemaspis australisb Manamendra-Arachchi et al., 2007 94. Cnemaspis beddomei b (Theobald, 1876) 95. Cnemaspis goaensis b Sharma, 1976 96. Cnemaspis gracilis b (Beddome, 1870) 97. Cnemaspis heteropholis Bauer, 2002 98. Cnemaspis indica Gray, 1846 99. Cnemaspis indraneildasiib Bauer, 2002 100. Cnemaspis jerdonii (Theobald, 1868) 101. Cnemaspis kolhapurensis Giri et al., 2009 102. Cnemaspis littoralis b (Jerdon, 1854) 103. Cnemaspis mysoriensis (Jerdon, 1854)
b b

Common leopard gecko Leopard gecko

13. Family Gekkonidae

Indian golden gecko Assamese day gecko Beddomes day gecko Goan day gecko Slender day gecko Heteropholis gecko Indian day gecko Indraneils day gecko Jerdons day gecko Kolhapur day gecko Coastal day gecko Mysore day gecko Ponmudi day gecko Ornate day gecko Otais day gecko Sispara day gecko Rough bellied day gecko Wynad day gecko Yercaud day gecko Sind day gecko Alders bow-fingered gecko Banded bent-toed gecko Sikkimese bent-toed gecko Himalayan bent-toed gecko Khasi hills bent-toed gecko Lawders bent-toed gecko Smiths bent-toed gecko Jammu bent-toed gecko 6

104. Cnemaspis monticolab Manamendra-Arachchi et al., 2007 105. Cnemaspis nairi b Inger, Marx & Koshy, 1984 107. Cnemaspis ornata b (Beddome, 1870) 108. Cnemaspis otai Das & Bauer, 2000 109. Cnemaspis sisparensis (Theobald, 1876) 110. Cnemaspis tropidogaster (Boulenger, 1885) 111. Cnemaspis wynadensis b (Beddome, 1870) 112. Cnemaspis yercaudensis a Das & Bauer, 2000 113. Crossobamon orientalis (Blanford, 1875) 114. Cyrtodactylus adleri h Das, 1997 115. Cyrtodactylus fasciolatus (Blyth, 1860) 116. Cyrtodactylus gubernatoris i (Annandale, 1913) 117. Cyrtodactylus himalayanus Duda & Sahi, 1978 118. Cyrtodactylus khasiensis (Jerdon, 1870) 119. Cyrtodactylus lawderanus j (Stoliczka, 1871) 120. Cyrtodactylus malcomsmithi (Constable, 1949) 121. Cyrtodactylus mansarulus Duda & Sahi, 1978
j l j b

106. Cnemaspis nilagiricab Manamendra-Arachchi et al., 2007

122. Cyrtodactylus rubidus g&h (Blyth, 1861) 123. Cyrtodactylus stoliczkai (Steindachner, 1867) 124. Cyrtopodion aravallensis o (Gill, 1997) 125. Cyrtopodion kachhense Stoliczka, 1872 126. Cyrtopodion montiumsalsorum (Annandale, 1913) 127. Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden, 1827) 128. Geckoella collegalensis (Beddome, 1870) 129. Geckoella albofasciatusb ( Boulenger,1885) 130. Geckoella deccanensis c (Gnther, 1864) 131. Geckoella jeyporensis (Beddome, 1878) 132. Geckoella nebulosa a (Beddome, 1870) 133. Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834) 134. Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) 135. Gekko smithii Gray, 1842 136. Gekko verreauxi g Tytler, 1865 137. Hemidactylus aaronbaueri Giri, 2008 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. Hemidactylus albofasciatus b Grandison & Soman, 1963 Hemidactylus anamallensis b (Gnther, 1875) Hemidactylus bowringii (Gray, 1845) Hemidactylus brookii Gray, 1845 Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rppell, 1835 Hemidactylus frenatus Dumril & Bibron, 1836 Hemidactylus garnotii Dumril & Bibron, 1836 Hemidactylus giganteus a&b Stoliczka, 1871 Hemidactylus gracilis v Blanford, 1870 Hemidactylus gujaratensisb Giri et al,2009 Hemidactylus imbricatus Bauer et al., 2008 Hemidactylus leschenaultii Dumril & Bibron, 1836 Hemidactylus maculatus Dumril & Bibron, 1836 Hemidactylus graniticolusa Agarwal et al., 2011 Hemidactylus persicus Anderson, 1872 Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneider, 1792) Hemidactylus porbandarensis Sharma, 1981 Hemidactylus prashadi b Smith, 1935 7
s b a

Andaman bent-toed gecko Karakoram bent-toed gecko Delhi rock gecko Warty rock gecko Salt range gecko Rough-tailed gecko Kollegal ground gecko Boulengers Indian Gecko Deccan ground gecko Jaipore ground gecko Clouded ground gecko Four-clawed gecko Tokay gecko Smiths giant gecko Andaman giant gecko Aaron Bauers rock gecko White-banded broad-tailed gecko Anaimalai gecko Bowring gecko Brooks house gecko Yellow green house gecko Asian house gecko Garnots gecko Giant south Indian gecko Slender day gecko Carrot-tail viper gecko Bark gecko Spotted house gecko Persian gecko Flat tailed gecko Porbandar gecko Prashads gecko

156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167.

Hemidactylus reticulatus

a& b

Beddome, 1870

Reticulated gecko Scaly gecko Termite hill gecko

Hemidactylus sataraensisb Giri & Bauer, 2008 Hemidactylus scabriceps (Annandale, 1906) Hemidactylus triedrus (Daudin, 1802) Hemidactylus treutleri Mahony, 2009 Hemiphyllodactylus aurantiacus a& b (Beddome, 1870) Western Ghats worm gecko Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker, 1860 Lepidodactylus lugubris (Dumril & Bibron, 1836) Phelsuma andamanense g Blyth, 1861 (1860) Ptychozoon kuhli (Stejneger, 1902) Ptychozoon lionotum Annandale, 1905 Ptychozoon nicobarensish Das & Vijayakumar, 2009 Oriental worm gecko Mourning gecko Andaman day gecko Kuhls gliding gecko Smooth-backed gliding gecko Nicobar gliding gecko

14. Family Lacertidae

168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. Acanthodactylus cantoris Gnther,1864 Mesalina watsonana (Stoliczka, 1872) Ophisops beddomei
f&b

Indian fringe-fingered lizard Persian long-tailed lizard Beddomes lacerta Snake-eyed lacerta Leschenaults lacerta Small-scaled lacerta Lesser snake-eyed lacerta Haughtons long- tailed lizard Kashi hills long -tailed lizard Six- lined long- tailed lizard

(Jerdon, 1870)

Ophisops jerdoni Blyth, 1853 Ophisops leschenaultii (Milne-Edwards, 1829) Ophisops microlepis u Blanford, 1870 Ophisops minor Deraniyagala, 1971 Takydromus haughtonianus (Jerdon, 1870) Takydromus khasiensis (Boulenger, 1917) Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802

15. Family Scincidae

178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. Ablepharus grayanus (Stoliczka, 1872) Ablepharus pannonicus (Fitzinger, 1823) Asymblepharus ladacensis (Gnther, 1864) Asymblepharus himalayanus (Gnther, 1864) Asymblepharus sikkimensis (Blyth, 1854) Barkudia insularis cc Annandale, 1917 Barkudia melanosticta z (Schneider, 1801) 8 Dwarf earless skink Asian snake-eyed skink Ladakh ground skink Himalaya ground skink Sikkim ground skink Madras spotted skink Barkuda limbless skink

185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218.

Dasia nicobarensis h Biswas & Sanyal, 1977 Dasia olivacea Gray, 1839 Dasia subcaeruleum b (Boulenger, 1891) Eurylepis poonaensis (Sharma, 1970) Eurylepis taeniolatus Blyth, 1854 Eutropis allapallensis w (Schmidt, 1926) Eutropis andamanensis g&h (Smith, 1935) Eutropis beddomii (Jerdon, 1870) Eutropis bibronii (Gray, 1838) Eutropis carinata (Schneider, 1801) Eutropis clivicola b (Inger et al.,1984) Eutropis dissimilis (Hallowell, 1857) Eutropis gansi b (Das, 1991) Eutropis innotata q (Blanford, 1870) Eutropis macularia (Blyth, 1853) Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820) Eutropis nagarjuni y (Sharma, 1969) Eutropis quadricarinata r (Boulenger, 1887) Eutropis rudis (Boulenger, 1887) Eutropis rugifera (Stoliczka, 1870) Eutropis trivittata (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) Eutropis tytlerii g (Tytler in Theobald, 1868) Lipinia macrotympanum g (Stoliczka, 1873) Lygosoma albopunctata (Gray, 1846) Lygosoma ashwamedhi aa (Sharma, 1969) Lygosoma bowringii (Gnther, 1864) Lygosoma goaensis
bb e

Nicobar tree skink Olive tree skink Blue-bellied tree skink Poona skink Yellow- bellied mole skink Allapalli grass skink Andaman Islands grassskink Beddomes grass skink Bibrons seashore skink Common keeled skink Mountain skink Striped grass skink Gansgrass skink Blanfords grass skink Bronze grass skink Many- lined grass skink Nagarjunasagar grass skink Four-keeled grass skink Lined grass skink Rough-scaled skink Three-lined grass skink Tytlers grass skink Big-eared lipinia White-spotted supple skink Ashwamedha supple skink Bowrings supple skink Goan supple skink Gnthers supple skink Lined supple skink Pruths supple skink Spotted supple skink Vosmaersupple skink Schneiders skink Eastern sand swimmer 9

(Sharma, 1976)

Lygosoma guentheri c (Peters, 1879) Lygosoma lineata c (Gray, 1839) Lygosoma pruthi a (Sharma, 1977) Lygosoma punctata (Gmelin, 1799) Lygosoma vosmaerii (Gray, 1839) Novoeumeces schneideri Daudin, 1802 Ophiomorus raithmai Anderson & Leviton, 1966

219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234.

Ristella beddomii b Boulenger, 1887 Ristella guentheri b Boulenger, 1887 Ristella rurkii b Gray, 1839 Ristella travancoricus (Beddome, 1870) Kaestlea beddomii (Boulenger, 1887) Kaestlea bilineata b ( Gray, 1846) Kaestlea laterimaculata (Boulenger, 1887) Kaestlea palnicab (Boettger, 1892) Kaestlea travancorica b (Beddome, 1870) Scincella macrotis (Steindachner, 1867) Sepsophis punctatus a Beddome, 1870 Sphenomorphus courcyanum (Annandale, 1912) Sphenomorphus dussumieri (Dumril & Bibron, 1839) Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray, 1853) Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853) Tropidophorus assamensis Annandale, 1912
b

Beddomes cat skink Gnthers cat skink Rurks cat skink Travancore cat skink Beddomes ground skink Two-lined ground skink Side-spotted ground skink Palni hills ground skink Travancore ground skink Large- eared ground skink Spotted Eastern Ghats skink Rotung litter skink Dussumiers litter skink Himalayan litter skink Spotted litter skink North-eastern water snake

16. Family Uromastycidae

235. Uromastyx hardwickii Gray, 1827 Spiny- tailed lizard

17. Family Varanidae

236. 237. 238. 239. Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) Varanus griseus (Daudin, 1803) Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) Bengal monitor Yellow monitor Desert monitor Water monitor

Suborder: Serpentes

10

18. Family Typhlopidae

240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) Typhlops porrectus Stoliczka, 1871 Typhlops pammeces x Gnther, 1864 Typhlops thurstoni Boettger, 1890 Typhlops jerdoni Boulenger, 1890 Typhlops tenuicollis (Peters, 1864) Typhlops diardii Schlegel, 1839 Typhlops muelleri Schlegel, 1839 Typhlops oatesii Boulenger, 1890 Typhlops bothriorhynchus Gnther, 1864 Typhlops tindalli b Smith, 1943 Typhlops beddomei a&b Boulenger, 1890 Typhlops oligolepis i Wall, 1909 Typhlops andamanensis g Stoliczka, 1871 Typhlops exiguus Jan, 1864 Typhlops loveridgei Constable, 1949 Tvphlops meszoelyi r Wallach, 1999 Grypotyphlops acutus m (Dumril & Bibron, 1844)
g b

Brahminy worm snake Slender worm snake Gnther' worm snake s Thurston' worm snake s Jerdon' worm snake s Slender-necked worm snake Diard' worm snake s Mullers worm snake Oates' worm snake Assam worm snake Tindall' worm snake s Beddome' worm snake s Wall' worm snake s Andaman worm snake Jan' worm snake s Loveridge' worm snake s Darjeeling worm snake Beaked worm snake

19. Family Leptotyphlopidae

258. Leptotyphlops blanfordii (Boulenger,1890) Leptotyphlops b. blanfordii (Boulenger, 1890) Melanophidium punctatum b Beddome,1871 Melanophidium bilineatum b Beddome, 1870 Melanophidium wynaudense b (Beddome,1863) Platyplectrurus trilineatus b (Beddome,1867) Platyplectrurus madurensis Beddome,1877 Teretrurus sanguineus (Beddome,1867) Brachyophidium rhodogaster Wall,1921 Plectrurus aureus b Beddome,1880 Plectrurus canaricus b (Beddome,1870) Plectrurus guentheri b Beddome,1863 11
b b

Sindh thread snake Blanfords thread snake

20. Family Uropeltidae

259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. Pied-belly shieldtail Yellow-striped shieldtail Wynad shieldtail Three-lined shieldtail Madurai shieldtail Western shieldtail Walls shieldtail Golden shieldtail Kanara shieldtail Purple shieldtail

269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278.

Plectrurus perroteti b Dum.Bibr. & Dumril,1854 Uropeltis bicatenata b (Gnther, 1864) Uropeltis ellioti a&b (Gray,1858) Uropeltis nitida (Beddome, 1878) Uropeltis ocellata b (Beddome, 1863) Uropeltis dindigalensis b (Beddome, 1877) Uropeltis beddomii b (Gnther,1862) Uropeltis macrorhyncha b (Beddome, 1877) Uropeltis woodmasoni b (Theobald,1876) Uropeltis macrolepis (Peters,1862) Uropeltis macrolepis macrolepis (Peters,1862) Uropeltis m. mahableshwarensis Chari,1955
b b

Perrotets shieldtail Bicatenate shieldtail Elliots shieldtail Cochin shieldtail Nilgiri shieldtail Dindigul shieldtail Beddomes shieldtail Anamalai shieldtail Black-bellied shieldtail Large-scaled shieldtail Bombay shieldtail Mahableshwar shieldtail Kerala shieldtail Thirunelveli shieldtail Thirunelveli shieldtail Periyar shieldtail Red-spotted shieldtail Red-lined shieldtail Phipsons shieldtail Barred shieldtail Sirumalai shieldtail Red- sided shieldtail Peters shieldtail Ashambu shieldtail Palni shieldtail Violet shieldtail Red-bellied shieldtail Cardamom shieldtail Travancore shieldtail

279. 280.

Uropeltis ceylanica b Cuvier, 1829 Uropeltis arcticeps b (Gnther, 1875) Uropeltis a. arcticeps (Gnther, 1875) Uropeltis arcticeps madurensis (Beddome, 1878)

281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293.

Uropeltis rubromaculata b (Beddome, 1867) Uropeltis rubrolineata b (Gnther, 1875) Uropeltis phipsonii b (Mason, 1888) Uropeltis myhendrae b (Beddome, 1886) Uropeltis broughami (Beddome, 1878) Uropeltis maculata b (Beddome, 1878) Uropeltis petersi b (Beddome, 1878) Uropeltis liura b (Gnther, 1875) Uropeltis pulneyensis b (Beddome, 1863) Uropeltis smithi b Gans,1966 Rhinophis sanguineus Beddome, 1863 Rhinophis fergusonianus b Boulenger, 1892 Rhinophis travancoricus b Boulenger,1892
b b

21. Family Xenopeltidae

294. Xenopeltis unicolor Boie,1827 Sunbeam snake

22. Family Pythonidae

295. Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) 12 Rock python

Python m. molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Python m bivittatus Kuhl, 1820 296. Python reticulatus (Schneider, 1801)

Indian rock python Burmese python Reticulated python

23. Family Boidae

297. 298. 299. Gongylophis conicus (Schneider,1801) Gongylophis conicus conicus (Schneider, 1801) Eryx johnii (Russell,1801) Eryx johnii johnii (Russell, 1801) Eryx whitakeri b Das,1991 Red sand boa Eastern red sand boa Whitakers boa Common sand boa

24. Family Acrochordidae

300. Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider,1799) File snake

25. Family Colubridae

301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. Pareas macularius Theobald,1868 Pareas monticola (Cantor,1839) Stoliczkia khasiensis Jerdon,1870 Elaphe prasina (Blyth,1854) Elaphe frenata (Gray,1853) Gonyosoma oxycephalum (Boie,1827) Coelognathus radiatus Boie, 1827 Coelognathus flavolineatus (Schlegel,1837) Coelognathus helena helena (Daudin,1803) Orthriophis taeniurus (Cope,1861) Orthriophis hodgsonii (Gnther,1860) Orthriophis cantoris (Cantor,1839) Oreocryptophis porphyraceus (Cantor, 1839) Oreocryptophis p. porphyraceus (Cantor, 1839) Euprepiophis mandarinus (Canter,1840) Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus,1758) Ptyas korros (Schlegel,1837) Ptyas nigromarginata (Blyth,1854) 13 Darjeeling snail-eater Assam snail-eater Khasi earth snake Green trinket snake Khasi hills trinket snake Red-tailed trinket snake Copper-headed trinket snake Black-tailed trinket snake Common trinket snake Striped trinket snake Himalayan trinket snake Eastern trinket snake Banded trinket snake Western-banded trinket snake Mandarin trinket snake Indian Rat snake Indo-Chinese Rat snake Green Rat snake

Coelognathus helena monticollaris b (Schulz,1992) Montane trinket snake Orthriophis taeniurus yunnanensis (Anderson,1879) Yunnan-striped trinket snake

318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. 348. 349.

Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray,1834) Platyceps rhodorachis (Jan,1865) Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw,1802) Coluber gracilis
f&b

Glossy-bellied racer Jans cliff racer Banded racer Slender racer Darjeeling racer Nagarjunasagar racer Blotched royal snake Black-headed royal snake Red-spotted royal snake Green snake Gnthers stripe-necked snake Stoliczkas stripe-necked snake Lesser stripe-necked snake Nicobar stripe-necked snake Himalayan stripe-necked snake Sind Awl- headed snake Indian smooth snake Cantors kukri snake Cantors kukri snake Coral kukri snake Darjeeling kukri snake White-barred kukri snake Walls kukri snake Black-barred kukri snake Yellow-striped kukri snake Mandalay kukri snake Black-spotted kukri snake Travancore kukri snake Russells kukri snake Indian streaked kukri snake Common kukri snake Redstriped kukri snake Black kukri snake Western kukri snake 14

(Gnther,1862)

Coluber vittacaudatus Blyth,1854 Coluber bholanathi a Sharma,1976 Spalerosophis diadema (Sehlegel,1837) Spalerosophis atriceps (Fischer,1885) Spalerosophis arenarius (Boulenger,1890) Cyclophiops doriae (Boulenger,1888) Liopeltis frenatus (Gnther,1858) Liopeltis stoliczkae (Sclater,1891) Liopeltis calamaria (Gunther,1858) Gongylosoma nicobariense h (Stoliczka,1870) Liopeltis rappii (Gnther,1860) Lytorhynchus paradoxus ( Gnther, 1875) Coronella brachyura f(Gnther, 1866) Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor,1839) Oligodon cyclurus cyclurus (Cantor, 1839) Oligodon kheriensis Acharji & Ray,1936 Oligodon juglandifer (Wall,1909) Oligodon albocinctus (Cantor,1839) Oligodon melanozonatus r (Wall, 1922) Oligodon cinereus (Gnther,1864) Oligodon woodmasoni g&h (Sclater,1891) Oligodon theobaldi (Gnther,1868) Oligodon venustus (Jerdon,1853) Oligodon travancoricus b Beddome,1877 Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon,1853) Oligodon taeniolatus fasciatus (Gnther, 1864) Oligodon arnensis (Shaw,1802) Oligodon erythrorhachis r Wall,1910 Oligodon melaneus Wall,1909 Oligodon affinis b Gnther 1862
i b i

350. 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366.

Oligodon brevicaudus b (Gnther,1862 ) Oligodon erythrogaster Boulenger,1907 Oligodon catenatus (Blyth,1854) Oligodon dorsalis (Gray & Hardwicke,1834) Oligodon nikhili b Whitaker & Dattatri,1982 Calamaria pavimentata Dumril et al., 1854. Dendrelaphis ashokib Rooijen & Vogel, 2011 Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) Dendrelaphis andamanensisg (Adderson, 1871) Dendrelaphis chairecaeos (Boie, 1827) Dendrelaphis cyanochloris (Wall,1921) Dendrelaphis grandoculis b (Boulenger, 1890) Dendrelaphis gorei (Wall,1910) Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin,1803) Dendrelaphis subocularis (Boulenger,1888) Dendrelaphis humayuni
h

Striped kukri snake Red-bellied kukri snake Northeastern kukri snake Spot-tailed kukri snake Nikhils kukri snake Collared reed snake Ashoks bronzeback tree snake Painted bronzeback tree snake
Andaman painted bronzeback tree snake

Green bronzeback tree snake

Large-eyed bronzeback tree snake

Himalayan bronzeback tree snake Common bronzeback tree snake Mountain bronzeback tree snake Nicobar bronzeback tree snake Ornate flying snake Indian Ornate flying snake Southeast Asian flying snake Paradise flying snake Paradise flying snake Travancore wolf snake Laotian wolf snake Yellow-speckled wolf snake Barred wolf snake Northern barred wolf snake Yellow-collared wolf snake Yellow-spotted wolf snake Mackinnons wolf snake Common wolf snake Oriental wolf snake Banded wolf snake Tiwaris wolf snake Zaws wolf snake 15

Tiwari & Biswas, 1973

Chrysopelea ornata (Shaw,1802) Chrysopelea ornata ornata (Shaw,1802) Chrysopelea ornata ornatissima Werner, 1925

367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379.

Chrysopelea paradisi Boie,1827 Chrysopelea paradisi paradisi Boie, 1827 Lycodon travancoricus e (Beddome,1870) Lycodon laoensis ( Gnther,1864) Lycodon jara (Shaw,1802), Lycodon striatus (Shaw,1802), Lycodon striatus striatus (Shaw, 1802) Lycodon flavicollis Mukherjee & Bhupathy, 2007 Lycodon flavomaculatus d (Wall,1907) Lycodon mackinnoni j (Wall, 1906) Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus,1754), Lycodon capucinus Boie,1827 Lycodon fasciatus (Anderson, 1870) Lycodon tiwarii
g&h b

Biswas & Sanyal, 1965

Lycodon zawi Slowinski et al.,2001

380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411.

Dinodon septentrionalis (Gnther,1875), Dinodon gammiei i (Blanford,1878), Dryocalamus nympha (Daudin,1803), Dryocalamus gracilis (Gnther,1864), Sibynophis collaris (Gray,1853), Sibynophis subpunctatus (Dumril et al., 1854) Sibynophis bistrigatus (Gnther,1868) Sibynophis sagittarius (Cantor, 1839) Amphiesma venningi (Wall,1910) Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger,1890) Amphiesma nicobarense h (Sclater,1891) Amphiesma khasiense (Boulenger,1890) Amphiesma modesta (Gnther,1875) Amphiesma pealii r (Sclater,1891) Amphiesma xenura (Wall,1907) Amphiesma stolatum (Linnaeus,1758) Amphiesma platyceps (Blyth,1854) Amphiesma beddomei b (Gnther,1864) Amphiesma monticola b (Jerdon,1853) Amphiesma sieboldii (Gnther,1860) Xenochrophis cerasogaster ( Cantor,1839) Xenochrophis punctulatus (Gnther,1858) Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider,1799) Xenochrophis sanctijohannis (Boulenger,1890) Xenochrophis flavipunctatus (Hallowell,1860) Xenochrophis f. flavipunctatus (Hallowell,1860) Xenochrophis melanzostus (Gravenhorst,1807) Xenochrophis trianguligerus (Boie,1827) Sinonatrix p. percarinata (Boulenger,1899) Rhabdophis himalayanus (Gnther,1864) Rhabdophis subminiatus (Schlegel,1837) Pseudoxenodon macrops (Blyth,1854) Pseudoxenodon m. macrops (Blyth, 1854) Macrophistodon plumbicolor (Cantor,1839) 16

Gnthers false wolf snake Sikkim false wolf snake Bridal snake Slender bridal snake Collared black-headed snake Dumerils black-headed snake Pegu black-headed snake Cantors black-headed snake Vennings keelback Boulengers striped keelback Nicobar keelback Khasi hills keelback Gnthers keelback Peals keelback Cherrapunji keelback Striped keelback Himalayan mountain keelback Beddomes keelback Hill keelback Siebolds keelback Dark-bellied marsh snake Spotted keelback Checkered keelback St.Johns keelback Yellow-spotted keelback Yellow-spotted keelback Andamans keelback Triangle-spotted keelback Chinese keelback Himalayan Keelback Red-necked keelback False cobra False cobra Green keelback

Macrophistodon p. plumbicolor (Cantor, 1839) 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423. 424. 425. Atretium schistosum (Daudin,1803) Trachischium monticola ( Cantor,1839 ) Trachischium fuscum (Blyth,1854) Trachischium guentheri ( Boulenger,1890) Trachischium tenuiceps ( Blyth,1854) Trachischium laeve j Peracca, 1904 Rhabdops olivaceus b (Beddome,1863) Rhabdops bicolor (Blyth,1854) Blythia reticulata (Blyth,1854) Xylophis captaini b Gower & Winkler, 2007 Xylophis perroteti b (Dumril et al., 1854) Xylophis stenorhynchus b (Gnther, 1875) Boiga multomaculata (Boie,1827) Boiga ochracea (Gnther,1868) Boiga o. ochracea (Gnther, 1868) Boiga o. stoliczkae (Wall, 1909) Boiga o. walli (Smith, 1943) 426. 427. 428. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. Boiga trigonata (Bechstein,1802) Boiga t. trigonata (Bechstein, 1802) Boiga gokool (Gray,1834) Boiga ceylonensis (Gnther,1858) Boiga beddomei (Wall,1909) Boiga nuchalis (Gnther,1875) Boiga andamanensis g (Wall,1909) Boiga quincunciata (Wall,1908) Boiga cyanea (Dumril et al., 1854) Boiga multifasciata (Blyth,1861) Boiga ocellata Kroon,1973 Boiga forsteni (Dumril et al.,1854) Boiga dightoni b(Boulenger,1894) Boiga wallachi h Das,1997 Psammophis schokari (Forskal,1775) Psammophis condanarus (Merrem,1820) 17

Green keelback Olive keelback water snake Assam oriental slender snake Darjeeling oriental slender snake Gnthers oriental slender snake Orange-bellied oriental slender snake Olive oriental slender snake Olive forest snake Yellow-bellied forest snake Iridescent snake Captains wood snake Striped narrow-headed Snake Gnther' narrow-headed Snake s Large-spotted cat snake Tawny cat snake Common tawny cat snake Stoliczkas tawny cat snake Walls tawny cat snake Common cat snake Common Indian cat snake Eastern cat snake Ceylon cat snake Beddomes cat snake Collared cat snake Andaman cat snake Assam cat snake Green cat snake Many-banded cat snake Eyed cat snake Forsten' cat snake s Travancore cat snake Nicobar cat snake Afro Asian sand snake Condanarus sand snake

441. 442. 443. 444. 445. 446. 447. 448. 449. 450. 451. 452. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. 458.

Psammophis longifrons t Boulenger,1896 Psammophis leithii (Gnther,1869) Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie,1827) Ahaetulla perroteti (Dumril et al.,1854) Ahaetulla dispar b (Gnther, 1864) Ahaetulla fronticincta (Gnther,1858) Ahaetulla prasina (Boie,1827) Ahaetulla p. prasina (Boie, 1827) Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacepede,1789) Ahaetulla pulverulenta (Dumril et al.,1854) Enhydris plumbea (Boie,1827) Enhydris enhydris (Schneider,1799) Enhydris dussumieri b (Dumril et al., 1854) Enhydris sieboldii (Schlegel,1837) Cerberus rynchops (Schneider,1799) Gerarda prevostiana (Eydoux & Gervais, 1822) Fordonia leucobalia (Schlegel,1837) Cantoria violacea Girard,1857 Elachistodon westermanni Reinhardt, 1863
b

Stout sand snake Leiths sand snake Mock viper Bronze-headed vine snake Gnthers vine snake River vine snake Short-nosed vine snake Short-nosed vine snake Common vine snake Brown vine snake
Plumbeous smooth-scaled water snake Common smooth-scaled water snake Dussumier' smooth scale water snake s Siebold' smooth-scaled water snake s

Dog-faced water snake Glossy marsh snake Crab-eating water snake Yellow-banded mangrove snake Indian egg-eating snake

26. Family Elapidae

459. 460. 461. 462. Bungarus bungaroides (Cantor,1839) Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider,1801) Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider,1801) Bungarus sindanus Boulenger,1897 Bungarus s. sindanus Boulenger, 1897 Bungarus sindanus walli Wall, 1908 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. Bungarus andamanensis g Biswas&Sanyal,1978 Bungarus niger Wall,1908 Bungarus lividus Cantor,1839 Calliophis melanurus (Shaw,1802) Calliophis m. melanurus (Shaw, 1802) Calliophis nigrescens b (Gnther,1862) 18 Himalayan krait Banded krait Common Indian krait Sindh krait Common sindh krait Walls sindh krait Andaman krait Black krait Lesser black krait Slender coral snake Indian slender coral snake Striped coral snake

468. 469. 470.

Calliophis bibroni b ( Jan,1858) Calliophis beddomei b Smith ,1943 Sinomicrurus macclellandi (Reinhardt,1844) Sinomicrurus m. macclellandi (Reinhardt, 1844) Sinomicrurus m. univirgatus (Gunther, 1858)

Bibrons coral snake Beddomes coral snake MacClellands coral snake MacClellands coral snake
MacClellands one-lined coral snake

471. 472. 473. 474. 475.

Naja naja (Linnaeus,1758) Naja kaouthia Lesson,1831 Naja sagittifera g Wall,1913 Naja oxiana (Eichwald,1831) Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor,1836)

Spectacled cobra Monocled cobra Andaman cobra Central Asian cobra King cobra

27. Family Hydrophiidae

476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490. 491. 492. 493. 494. 495. Laticauda laticaudata (Linnaeus, 1758) Laticauda colubrina ( Schneider,1799) Kerilia jerdonii (Gray, 1849) Kerilia j. jerdoni (Gray, 1849) Praescutata viperina ( Schmidt,1852) Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin, 1803) Hydrophis nigrocinctus Daudin,1803 Hydrophis spiralis (Shaw, 1802) Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, 1803 Hydrophis obscurus Daudin,1803 Hydrophis stricticollis Gnther, 1864 Hydrophis ornatus (Gray,1842) Hydrophis o. ornatus (Gray, 1842) Hydrophis lapemoides (Gray, 1849) Hydrophis mammilaris (Daudin, 1803) Hydrophis caerulescens (Shaw, 1802) Hydrophis fasciatus (Schneider, 1799) Hydrophis f. fasciatus (Schneider, 1799) Lapemis curtus (Shaw, 1802) Astrotia stokesii (Gray, 1846) Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw,1802) Hydrophis cantoris Gnther,1864 Pelamis platura ( Linnaeus,1766) 19 Viperine sea snake Hook-nosed sea snake Black-banded sea snake Yellow sea snake Annulated sea snake Estuarine sea snake Bengal sea snake Cochin-banded sea snake Ornate sea snake Persian Gulf sea snake Bombay Gulf sea snake Malacca sea snake Banded sea snake Striped sea snake Short sea snake Large-headed sea snake Common small-headed sea snake Cantors narrow headed sea snake Black and yellow sea snake Common sea krait Yellow-lipped sea krait Jordons sea snake

28. Family Viperidae

496. 497. 498. 499. 500. 501. 502. 503. 504. 505. 506. 507. 508. 509. 510. 511. 512. 513. 514. 515. 516. 517. 518. Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder,1797) Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758) Macrovipera l. cernovi (Chikin & Szczerbak, 1992) Echis carinatus (Schneider, 1801) Gloydius himalayanus (Gnther, 1864) Hypnale hypnale (Merrem, 1820) Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor,1839) Ovophis monticola (Gnther,1864) Ovophis m. monticola (Gnther, 1864) Protobothrops jerdonii (Gnther,1875) Protobothrops j. jerdonii (Gnther, 1875) Trimeresurus macrolepis a&b Beddome,1862 Trimeresurus malabaricus a&b (Jerdon,1854) Trimeresurus yunnanensis Schmidt, 1925 Trimeresurus strigatus
a&b

Russells viper Levantine viper Cernovs Levantine viper Saw-scaled viper Himalayan pit viper Common hump-nosed pit viper Brown-spotted pit viper Mountain pit viper Western mountain pit viper Jerdons pit viper Jerdons pit viper Large-scaled green pit viper Malabar pit viper Yunnan pit viper Horseshoe pit viper Bamboo pit viper Medo pit viper Cantor' pit viper s Popes pit viper Spot-tailed pit viper White-lipped pit viper Andaman pit viper Nicobar pit viper Himalayan white-lipped pit viper Gumprechts green pit viper Huttons pit viper

Gray, 1842

Trimeresurus gramineus a&b (Shaw,1802) Trimeresurus medoensis Zhao in Zhao & Jiang, 1977 Trimeresurus cantori g&h (Blyth,1846) Trimeresurus p. popeiorum Smith, 1937 Trimeresurus erythrurus (Cantor, 1839) Trimeresurus albolabris Gray,1842 Trimeresurus andersoni g&h Theobald,1868 Trimeresurus labialis h Fitzinger, 1867 Trimeresurus septentrionalis Kramer,1977) Trimeresurus gumprechti David et al., 2002 Tropidolaemus huttoni b (Smith,1949)

Key: (a - cc) - Ecoregional distribution is after Murthy (2010) a- Eastern Ghats b-Western Ghats c-Northwestern Ghats d-Deccan, Western Ghats e-Deccan, Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats f-Deccan. g-Andaman Islands h-Nicobar Islands i-Eastern Himalayas j-Western Himalayas l-North western Himalayas (Kulu valley, H.P) m-Peninsular India o-Northern India p- Western India q-Central India r-Northeastern India s-Northwestern India t-Central and Western India u-Central, western and eastern India v-Central, western and Southern

20

India

w-Central,eastern,western and Southern India x-Tamilnadu

y-Andhra Pradesh

z- Visakhaptanam (Andhra

Pradesh) aa - Gundur and Nalgonda Districts(Andhra Pradesh) .bb- Goa cc- Orissa - Barkuda Islands,Chilka Lake.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to Dr. K. Venkataraman, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for facilities and encouragement. Thanks are due to C. Radhakrishnan, Addl. Director and Officerin-Charge, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Calicut, for critically going through the manuscript and to Dr. K. Rema Devi, Officerin-Charge, Southern Regional Centre, ZSI, Chennai and S.R. Ganesh, Snake Park, Chennai for the help and support rendered. REFERENCES Bauer, A.M 2002. Two new species of Cnemaspis (Reptilia: Squamata: Geckonidae) from Gund, Uttar Kannada India. Mitteilungen Hamburg Zoological Museum & Institution. 99: 155-167. Biswas, S. & D.P. Sanyal. 1977b. A new species of skink of the genus Dasia Gray 1889 [Reptilia: Scincidae] from Car Nicobar Islands India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 74(1): 133-136. Boulenger, G.A. 1890. The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma: Reptilia and Batrachia,.London, viii+541pp. Daniel, J C. 2002. The Book of Indian Reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, 141pp. Das, I. 1991. A new Species of Mabuya from Tamil Nadu State southern India (Squamata: Scincidae). Journal of Herpetology 25(3): 342-344. Das, I. 1994. The Reptiles of South Asia: Checklist and distributional summary Hamadryad.19:15-40. Das, I. 1996. Biogeography of the Reptiles of South Asia. Krieger Publishing Company, Florida,87 pp+36 plates. Das, I. 1997a. Checklist of the Reptiles of India with English Common name Hamadryad. 22: 32-45. Das, I. 1997b. A new species of Cyrtodactylus from the Nicobar Islands India. Journal of Herpetology 31(3): 375-382 Das, I. & A.M. Bauer. 2000. Two new species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from southern India. Russian Journal of Herpetology 7(1): 17-28. Das, I. & S. Sengupta. 2000. A new species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Assam northeastern India. Journal of South Asian Natural History 5(1): 17-24 Das, I. 2003. Growth of Knowledge on the Reptiles of India, with an Introduction to Systematics, Taxonomy and Nomenclature. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 100 (2&3) : 447-501. 21

Das, I. & S. P. Vijayakumar. 2009. New species of Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Nicobar Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 2095: 8-20. Giri, V.B. 2008. A new rock dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Maharashtra India. Hamadryad 32: 2533. Giri, V.B. & M.A. Bauer 2008. A new ground-dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Maharashtra with a key to the Hemidactylus of India. Zootaxa 1700: 2134. Giri, V.B., A.M. Bauer, R. Vyas & S. Patil. 2009a. New Species of Rock-Dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Gujarat, India. Journal of Herpetology 43(3): 385393 Giri, V.B., A.M. Bauer & K.S. Gaikwad. 2009b. A new ground-dwelling species of Cnemaspis Strauch (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra,India. Zootaxa 2164: 49-60. Gower, D.J. & J. D. Winkler. 2007. Taxonomy of the Indian snake Xylophis Beddome (Serpentes: Caenophidia) with description of a new species. Hamadryad 31(2):315-329. Gunther C.L.C Albert 1864 The Reptiles of British India .Published by Oxford &IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi. 452pp. Haralu, B. 2010. Nagaland concerns and challenges. Indian Birds. 6(2):56-57. Mahony, S. 2009. A New Species of Gecko of the Genus Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Andhra Pradesh, India. Russian Journal of Herpetology 16 (1):27-34 Mahony, S. 2010. Systematic and taxomonic revaluation of four little known Asian agamid species, Calotes kingdonwardi Smith, 1935, Japalura kaulbacki Smith, 1937, Salea kakhienensis Anderson, 1879 and the monotypic genus Mictopholis Smith, 1935. (Reptilia: Agamidae). Zootaxa 2514:1-23. Manamendra-Arachchi, K., S. Batuwita & R. Pethiyagoda. 2007. A taxonomic revision of the Sri Lankan day-geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis), with description of new species from Sri Lanka and southern India. Zeylanica 7 (1): 9-122. Murthy, T.S.N. 1985. Classification and distribution of the Reptiles of India. The Snake 17 : 48-71. Murthy, T.S.N. 1994. An updated hand list of the reptiles of India. Cobra 17: 17-37. Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The Reptile Fauna of India. Published by B.R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Mukherjee, D & S. Bhupathy. 2007. A new species of wolf snake (Serpentes: Colubridae: Lycodon) from Anaikatti Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Russian Journal of herpetology 14(1):21- 26. Molur, S. & S. Walker. 1998 (eds). Report of BCCP CAMP on Reptiles of India. Zoo Outreach Organisation, Coimbatore, India, 65pp.

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Pook C.E., U. Joger, N. Stmpel & W. Wster. 2009. When continents collide: Phylogeny, historical biogeography and systematic of the medically important viper genus Echis (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 792-807. Sharma R.C. 1977. A new lizard of the genus Riopa Gray (Scincidae) from Tamil Nadu, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 73(1-4): 41-44. Sharma, R.C. 1978. A new species of Phrynocephalus Kaup (Reptilia: Agamidae) from the Rajasthan desert India with notes on its ecology. Bulletin of the Zoological Survey ofIndia 1(3): 291-294. Sharma, R.C 1981. Hemidactylus porbandarensis a new geckonid lizard from Gujarat India. Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India 4(1): 1-2. Sharma, R.C.1998, Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Reptilia Vol.I.(Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata).196pp. (Testudines and Crocodilia). (Published by the

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