Review-Neuro

Will be tested on the models and definitions Nervous system is composed of the: Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) PNS composed of Somatic Nervous system and Autonomic Nervous System CNS- Two main parts: Brain and Spinal Cord Brain
a.

Lobes (4 lobes and 4 Functions) a. Frontal Lobes (2)- site of logical thinking, memory, abstract thought and behavior. b. Parietal Lobes (2)- site of sensation- Temperature, touch and taste c. Temporal Lobes (2)- associated with Cranial Nerve II and Cranial Nerve VIIIfunctions of hearing and smell d. Occipital Lobe of Cerebral Cortex- Vision interpretation optical processing

Posteriorly to the brainCerebellum- Function of motor coordination and balance Thalamus- relay station of the brain Hypothalamus (sits on top of the pituitary gland)- controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system Bottom of the Brain lies the Brain Stem Top of the Brain lies the Mid-brain Pons is looked as the swelling- it is the pneumotaxic center- functions to control the rate of breathing. Stem- lies the medulla oblongata- controls vital and nonvital reflexes. 12 Cranial Nerves and function
I. II. III. IV. V.

Cranial Nerve I- Olfactory Nerve- Smell Cranial Nerve II- Optic NerveVision Cranial Nerve III- Ocular Motor Nerve-assist w/ eye movement Cranial Nerve IV Abducens Nerve- assists w/ eye movement Cranial Nerve V- Trigeminal Nerve( considered a mixed nerve)- (1) Sensation on Face (2) Motor function for muscles of mastication Important Disease Associate with nerve is

trigeminal palsy- sensitivity to touch of face. Ie. Poke to the face causes severe pain to individuals. VI. Cranial Nerve VI- Trochlear Nerve- assists w/ eye movement VII. Cranial Nerve VI- Facial Nerve-motor function of the facial muscles. Important Disease Associate with nerve is Bells Palsy, which causes complete paralysis of the face (muscles do not have any tonicity due to paralysis) VIII. Cranial Nerve VIII- Acoustic Nerve- Hearing IX. Cranial Nerve IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve- Swallowing X. Cranial Nerve IX- Vagus Nerve- Goes all through the bodySupplies branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles (except the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal). Also provides parasympathetic fibers to nearly all thoracic and abdominal viscera down to the splenic flexure. Receives the special sense of taste from the epiglottis. A major function: controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate. Symptoms of damage:dysphagia (swallowing problems), velpharyngeal insufficiency. Located in the jugular foramen. XI. Cranial Nerve XI- Accessory Nerve- Motor nerve for the sternoclenomastoid muscle and trapezius. XII. Cranial Nerve XII- Hypoglossal Nerve- Speech

Neuron- specialized cell in Nervous system. Identify parts in the model of NEURONDendrites- tiny processes that take IN information Axons-long extensions that take OUT information. Myelin- conduction (rate of conduction of processing information in and out of cell can create symptoms for certain diseases. Nodes of Randie-areas between the Myelin Know the cross-section of spinal cordGrey Matter- portion that looks like a butterfly White Matter- layer surrounding grey matter (butterfly) Posteriorly sensory Nerves are coming in Anteriorly sensory Nerves are coming out

Clinical application of Spinal Cord: When a patient has a herniated disc posteriorly and laterally---Slipped disc will often result in pain. Structures of the EYE to identify on model: Cornea- Clear part Sclera- (pupil) Iris- Colored part Extra ocular muscle Optical Nerve Optic Chiasm

Structures of the EAR to identify on the model Function of the EAR- HEARING AND BALANCE Vestibule- keeps balance Penni- outside part of the ear that we often consider the ear Canals- Semi circular Canal and Nerves that Innervate Tympanic Membrane Eustacian Tube

DIAGRAM OF PERIPHERAL NERVE 2 MAJORE PLEXUS TO IDENTIFY BRACHIAL PLEXUS- LOCATED IN ARM LUMBO SACRAL PLEXUS- LOCATED LOWER BACK *PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU PAY ATTENTION TO LOCATION NEXT TO LISTED PLEXUS BECAUSE ARROWS ON DIAGRAM WILL INDICATE THOSE LOCATION TO IDENTIFY THE PLEXUS.