For each of the following multiple choice questions, choose the single most appropriate answer. B1.

Pralidoxime (PROTOPAM) is useful to treat overdose by: A. Atropine B. Echothiophate C. Glycopyrrolate D. Neostigmine E. A and C, above. A drug which has high affinity for 1 adrenoreceptors and very low affinity for other adrenoreceptors and which is an antagonist at 1 adrenoreceptors: A. Will be useful to induce secretion of renin from the kidney and thus to raise blood pressure in individuals with hypotension (low blood pressure) B. Will be useful as an antiasthmatic C. Will be useful to terminate an episode of bradycardia D. Will be useful to treat essential hypertension E. A and C, above.

D2.

A3.

Epinephrine (ADRENALIN) decreases diastolic blood pressure by: A. Activation of 2 adrenoreceptors on the blood vessels of skeletal muscle B. Blockade of 2 adrenoreceptors on the blood vessels of skeletal muscle C. Blockade of 1 adrenoreceptors on blood vessels of the skin and mesentery D. Activation of 1 adrenoreceptors on blood vessels of the skin and mesentery E. A and C, above.

D4.

Neostigmine is used to treat myasthenia gravis. Neostigmine: A. Is a muscarinic receptor agonist B. Is a muscarinic receptor antagonist C. Is a nicotinic receptor agonist D. Is a cholinesterase inhibitor E. Anicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

D5.

Atenolol and propranolol can both be used to treat hypertension. Atenolol may be preferred over propranolol for this purpose because, as a side effect, propranolol: A. Can cause coronary artery dilation B. Can cause pupillary dilation C. Can cause bronchiole dilation D. Can cause coronary constriction E. A and C, above.

For each of the following multiple choice questions, choose the single most appropriate answer.

B6.

Norepinephrine: A. Is the neurotransmitter in autonomic ganglia B. Is the neurotransmitter at most postganglionic neuron - effector cell synapses in the sympathetic nervous system C. Causes a decrease in heart rate D. Is the neurotransmitter at most postganglionic neuron - effector cell synapses in the parasympathetic nervous system E. None of the above.

B7.

Edrophonium is preferred over other drugs to differentially diagnose cholinergic crisis and myasthenia gravis because: A. Edrophonium is a NM nicotinic receptor agonist B. Edrophonium is a short acting cholinesterase inhibitor C. Edrophonium is a long acting cholinesterase inhibitor D. Edrophonium is a NM nicotinic receptor antagonist E. A and C, above.

E8.

Uses of anticholinesterases in therapy include administration by appropriate routes to: A. Restore urinary bladder function in individuals with urinary bladder atony B. Increase pupillary diameter to permit retinal examination C. Decrease intraocular pressure in the eyes of individuals diagnosed with glaucoma D. Reduce spastic (i.e. uncontrolled and continuous) skeletal muscle contraction which is the key feature of myasthenia gravis E. A and C, above.

A9.

Glycopyrrolate (ROBINUL) is administered with a general anesthetic in many instances because glycopyrrolate will: A. Reverse general anesthesia induced bradycardia and block of conduction through the atrioventricular node B. Activate non-innervated muscarinic receptors in some blood vessels and thus causes vasodilation and decreased blood pressure C. Increase bronchosecretion D. Act as a (skeletal) muscle relaxant E. A and C, above.

A10.

Phenylephrine will increase blood pressure by: A. Activation of 1 adrenoreceptors on blood vessels of the skin and mesentery B. Activation of 2 adrenoreceptors on the blood vessels of skeletal muscle C. Blockade of 1 adrenoreceptors on blood vessels of the skin and mesentery D. Blockade of 2 adrenoreceptors on the blood vessels of skeletal muscle E. None of the above.