CHAPTER - 5

EXERCISES - 5.1
1. 5, 4, 3x 2 + 2, 3(x + h) + 2 2. 1, 7, 5 2x 2 , 5 2(x + h)
3. 12, 8, 5c + 7, 12 + 5c , 19 + 5c 4. 3 4a , 1 4a , 2 4a
5. 9, 4, a 2 , x , (x + h )2 6. 3c 2 + 7, 3(c + h )2 + 7, 6ch + 3h 2
7. 3, 3, 3, 3 8. 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 9. 2, |x | ,
10. 3, not defined, not defined
11. 7,

, 3(c 2 + h 2) 5(c + h ) + 14, 3(c + h )2 5(c + h ) + 7

12. 5,

, 2(x + h )2 + 3(x + h ) 5, 4xh + 2h 2 + 3h

13. (a) 6

(b) 11

14. (a) 2

(b) 7

16. y =

(c) 12
(c) 1

(d) 7 + 2h and 3h 9
(d) 1

(e) not defined

gives y ( x 1) = x + 1 or x =

(f) 7 and 5 4h + h2

= f (y )

18. h (x ) = f (x ) g(x ) = x 3 (x 2 + 3) and h (2) = 8 (4 + 3) = 1

19. 2

20. 3

21.

22. 2x + h

24. 6x + 3h + 5 25. all x 26. all t

28. all p 1

29. all x 1, 2 30.

32. all t 2 33. all y 2/3

23. 2x + h 3

27. all x 2
all x 2 31. all u

34. all t > 3/2

35. all u < 3/2 36. all x 37. all x 5 38. all x 2
39. all x 2, 3

40. all x

41. all x 4, 1/2

42. all t 3

47. (a) C(1000) = 5000 + 6(1000) + 0.002(1000)2 = 13000

(b) C(2500) = 5000 + 6(2500) + 0.002(2500)2 = 32,500.
(c) C(0) = 5000
48. (a) C(2000) = 106 (2000)3 (3 10 3) (2000)2 + 36(2000) + 2000
= 8000 12000 + 72000 + 2000 = 70,000.
(b) C(500) = 10 6(500)3 (3 103)(500)2 + 36(500) + 2000 = 19,375.
49. (a) A(0) = 3.9

(b) A(1) = 4.0

(c) A(5/2) = 3.775

51. C(x ) = 15x + 3000; R(x ) = 25x ; P(x ) = R(x ) C(x ) = 10 x 3000
52. x = 300, p = 20 and x = 500, p = 15 gives the equation of st. line or linear function
as p = 27.5 x /40 or x = f (p ) = 1100 40p
(a) R = px = p (1100 40p ) = 1100p 40p 2
(b) R = px = x (27.5 x /40) = 27.5x 0.025x 2

54. x 2 + y 2 = 62 or y =
(See figure)
A = area of rectangle = xy
=x

55. Let x , x and y be the

dimensions
(in feet) of the cistern.
Then
x 2y = 300 . . . (i)
C = Cost = 1.5(x 2 + 4xy ) +
4x 2
= 5.5x 2 + 6x (300/x 2)
= 5.5x 2 + 1800/x

56. Let h ft. be the height

and r ft. be
the radius of circular base.
Then
volume = r 2h = 300 . . . . (i)
C = 1.5(r 2 + 2rh ) + 4(r
2)
= 5.5r 2 + 900/r

where C is the in cents. For graph, see the answer in the text.

59. (a) New rent per suite = $(200 + 5x ) and number of suites rented at this rate
= 70 x . If $R denotes the total revenue, then
R = (rent per suite)(no. of suites rented) = (200 + 5x )(70 x )
(b) Here p = rent per suite = 200 + 5x or x = (p 200)/5
Then R = (200 + 5x )(70 x ) =
60. 2p + 3x = 16 gives p = 8 1.5x or x =
Revenue R = px , Cost C = 100 + 2x

. . . (i)

(a) P = R C = px (100 + 2x ) = x (8 1.5x ) (100 + 2x )

= 6x 1.5x 2 100
(b) Using x =

from (i) in (a) part gives

61. If x 12, C(x) = 500. Total cost for a group of x > 12 is the cost ($6000) of the
first 12 plus the extra (x 12) at $450 each, i.e., ${6000 + 450(x 12)}
= $(450x + 600). Therefore, C(x) = 450 + 600/x if x > 12. Thus,

63. A = f(x) = x(10 x) ; Df = {x | 0 < x < 10}

64. V = f(x)= x(18 2x)(18 2x) ; Df = {x | 0 < x < 9}
65. V =f(x) = x(16 2x)(20 2x) ; Df = {x | 0 < x< 8}

A = f(x)= x(4c2 x2)1/2 ;

Df = {x | 0 < x < 2c}

67. No 68. yes 69. No 70. No 71. Yes 72. Yes

EXERCISES - 5.2
1. (0 , 3) 2. (0 , 1) 3. ( 1, 1) 4. (3/2 , 21/4)
5. (1/4, 17/8) 6. (1, 1)

11. f (x ) = x 2 3x . Comparing with ax 2 + bx + c, we have: a = 1, b = 3, c = 0. Since a

= 1> 0, the graph of f (x ) opens upwards. Thus f (x ) has a minimum at the vertex. The xcoordinate of vertex is x =
(3/2) = (3/2)2 3(3/2) = 9/4.

. The minimum value is given by f min = f

12. f min = 1/5 13. f max = 5/4 14. f min = 13/12

15. The graph of R(x ) = 12x 2 0.01x 2 is a parabola which opens downwards because the
coefficient of x 2 is negative. The maximum of R(x ) occurs at the vertex of the parabola.
The x-coordinate of the vertex is
. Thus, the revenue R
will be maximum when x = 600 units are sold. The maximum value of R is : Rmax = R(600)
= 12(600) 0.01(600)2 = 3600 dollars.

16. The maximum of P(x ) = 60x x 2 occurs at the vertex of the parabola [the graph of
P(x )]; The x-coordinate of the vertex is
. Thus the profit is
maximum when 30 units are sold and produced. The maximum profit is P(30) = 60(3)
(30)2 = 900
17. (a) C(x) = 25x + 2000.
(b) R(x) = 60x 0.01x 2 is maximum when
x = b /(2a) = 60 /[2(0.01)] = 3000 units are sold.
R max = R(3000) = 60(3000) 0.01(3000)2 = 90,000 dollars.
(c) If P(x) denotes the profit function, then
P(x) =R(x) C(x) = 35x 0.01x 2 2000.
Maximum of P(x) occures at the vertex of the parabola which is the graph
of P(x) . The x -coordinate of the vertex is :
x = b /(2a) = 35 /[2(0.01)] = 1750.
P max = P (1750) = 35(1750) 0.01(1750)2 2000 = 28,625 dollars.
18. The graph of C(x ) = 20 0.06x + 0.0002x 2 is a parabola that opens upwards. The
minimum of C occurs at the vertex and the x-coordinate of the vertex is
and Cmin = C(150) = 20 0.06(150) + 0.0002(150)2 = $15.50
19. Let x ,y (yards) be the
dimensions of the
rectangular field as shown
in figure.
Then, 2(x + y ) = 500
(given)
or
x + y = 250 . . .
(i)
A = area of rectangle
= xy = x (250 x ) =
250x x 2
The graph of A(x ) = 250x x 2 is a parabola opening downwards. The maximum of A
occurs at the vertex and the x-coordinate of the vertex is
The maximum area is Amax = A(125) = 15,625 sq. yds.
20. T = total yield per acre
= (number of trees per acre)(number of apples per tree)
= x (500 5x ) = 500x 5x 2 .

The maximum of T(x ) = 500x 5x 2 occurs at the vertex of the parabola which is the graph
of T(x ). The x-coordinate of the vertex is

Answer : x = 10

21. y = yield = x (10 0.5x) = 10x 0.5x 2

x = b /(2a) = 10 /[2(0.5)] = 10. Answer : 10.

22. Let (30 + x ) trees per acre be planted. Then, the value of the crop per tree reduces
by 3x dollars i.e. the value is $(180 3x ) per tree. If V is the total value of the crop per
acre, then
V = (No. of trees per acre).(Value of crop per tree)
= (30 + x )(180 3x ) = 5400 + 90x 3x 2.
The graph of V is a parabola which opens downwards. The maximum of V occurs at the
vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is
.
Thus, 30 + x = 30 + 15 = 45 trees per acre be planted to obtain maximum value V
of crop. V max = V (15) = 5400 + 90(15) 3(225) = $6075.
23. Let the price per book be increased by $x , i.e. the new price is $(20 + x ). Then the
books that can be sold at this price are (10,000 400x ). If R(x ) denotes the total revenue,
then
R(x ) = (price per book)(No. of books sold)
= (20 + x )(10,000 400x ) = 200,000 + 2000x 400x 2
R is maximum, when
Thus price per book = $(20 + x ) = $22.50
R max = R (2.50) = $22.5(9000) = $202,500.
24. From, #23, we can sell (10,000 400x ) books at $(20 + x ) each.
The profit per book = $[(20 + x ) 13] = $(7 + x )
P(x ) = total profit = (profit per book)(No. of books sold)
= (7 + x )(10,000 400x ) = 70,000 + 7200x 400x 2
P(x ) is maximum, when
when the price per book is $(20 + x ) = $29.

i.e.

26. The demand relation: 15p + 2x = 720 gives x = 360 7.5p

R = revenue = px = p (360 7.5p ) = 360p 7.5p 2
C = Cost = 200 + 6x = 200 + 6(360 7.5p ) = 2360 45p .
P = profit = R C = (360p 7.5p 2 ) (2360 45p )
or P(p ) = 405p 7.5p 2 2360 = ap 2 + bp + c
P is maximum, when
and Pmax = P(27) = 405(27) 7.5(27)<2 2360 = $3107.50
27. y = a(x h )2 + k attains its maximum or minimum value
when (x h )2 = 0 i.e. x = h . When x = h , we have y = k . Thus the vertex of the
parabola is (h , k ).
28. y =total yield per acre = x (500 5x ) = 500x 5x 2 . The graph is a parabola
which opens downwards. The maximum occurs at the vertex.
The x-coordinate of the vertex is: x = f(b,2a) = f(500,2(5)) = 50. Thus, x = 50.

EXERCISES - 5.3

15. (a) Yes; y = r ( 9 x 2 )

(b) No

(c) No

(d) Yes; y =

16. (x 0)2 + (y 2)2 = 25 or x 2 + y 2 4y 21 = 0

17. (x 2)2 + (y 5)2 = 32 or x 2 + y 2 4x 10y + 20 = 0
18. (x + 3)2 + (y 0)2 = 42 or x2 + y2 + 6x 7 = 0
19. (x 0)2 + (y 0)2 = 72 or x 2 + y 2 = 49.
20. Radius = distance between (1, 3) and (2, 1) = r( 5 )
Equation of circle is : (x 1)2 + (y + 3)2 =5 or x2 + y2 2x + 6y + 5 = 0.
21. Radius = distance between (-2, 1) and (0, 4) =
Equation of circle is : (x + 2)2 + (y 1)2 =13 or x2 + y2 + 4x 2y 8 = 0.
22. The circle has a radius of 2 and center at (2, 2). The equation is :
(x 2)2 + (y 2)2 = 22 or x2 + y2 4x 4y + 4 = 0.
23. The circle has a center at (3, 3) and radius of 3 units. The equation is :
(x + 3)2 + (y 3)2 = 9 or x2 + y 2 + 6x 6y + 9 = 0.
24. yes ; center : (1, 1), radius = 1 25. yes ; center : (2, 4), radius = 4
26. yes ; center : (3/2, 5/2), radius =
27. yes ; center : (5/4, 1), radius = 7/4
28. yes ; center : (1/3, 2/3), radius =
29. No, because on completing the squares, we have : (x + 2)2 + (y+ 4)2 = 5 ,
which is not true.

30. The given equation is :

(x + 200)2 + (p +
150)2 = (350)2.
Since p, x 0, the graph is
the
portion of a circle in the
first quadrant as shown.
When x = 0, we have :
p 2 + 300p 60,000 = 0
Using the quadratic
formula, we have
p = 50( 3 r(33) )
137.23 or
437.23
Rejecting the negative
value, the highest price is p
= $137.23.

31. The given equation is :

(x + 2000)2 + (p + 1250)2
= (5000)2
The graph is the portion of a
circle in the first quadrant,
which has a center at (
2000, 1250) and radius of
5000. Putting x = 0 in the
given equation and solving
for p (rejecting the negative
value),
the highest price that can be
paid
is pmax. = $3332.57.
32. The given equation is: (x + 4)2 + (y + 125)2 = (150)2.
The graph is the portion of circle in the first quadrant as shown. x = 0 gives:
y2 + 250y 6859 = 0 or y = y m = 24.95 (Reject y < 0). When y = 0,
we have : x2 + 8x 6859 = 0 or x = x m = 78.92 (Reject x < 0).
Thus, maximum apples = x m = 78.92 kg ; maximum apple cider = y m = 24.95 l

33. Max. Coronado (x m) =

4.48
Max. Eastern star (y m) =
3.49

34. A = starting point

D = end of journey point
B, C are two islands. M, N,
P are the
mid-points of segments AB, BC and CD.When 0 x < 100, the nearest land is A
and so f (x ) = | x 0 | = x . When 100 x < 450, i.e. the plane is between the points M
and N, the nearest land is B and so f (x ) = |x 200 |. If the plane is between the points N
and P, i.e. 450 x < 850, the nearest land is C and so
f (x ) = |x 700|. Similarly, f (x ) = |x 1000| = 1000 x if 850 x 1000. Thus,

36. fmax. = f (1) = 2; No min 37. fmin.= f (1/2) = 2; No max

38. fmin.= 0; No max. 39. fmax. = 1; fmin.= 1
40. fmin.=.f (
41. fmin. = f(

2) = 1 ; fmax. = f (0) = 3
1/3) = 2 ; fmax. = f (0) = 1.

42 fmax. .=.f (

3) = 1 ; fmin. = f (0) = 2

43 fmax. .=.f (0) = 1 ; fmin. = f (

4) = 3

44 fmax. .=.f (3/2) = 2 ; No min. 45. fmin. = f(1) = 1; No max.

EXERCISES - 5.4

6. (fog)(5) = f{g(5)} = f(2) = 4 7. (gof)(3) = g{f(3)} = g(9) = r(8)

8. (fog)bbc((f(5,4)) = =f{gbbc((f(5,4))}=fbbc((f(1,2))=bbc((f(1,2))sup10(2) = f(1,4)
9. (gof)(2)=g{f(2} = g(4) = r(4 1) = r(3) .
10. (fog)bbc((f(1,2)) = fbbc{ (gbbc((f(1,2))) = not defined, because gbbc((f(1,2)) = r(f(1,2)
1) is undefined.
11. (gof)bbc((f(1,3)) = gbbc{ (fbbc((f(1,3))) = gbbc((f(1,9)) = r(f(1,9) 1) = undefined.
12. (fog)(2) = f{g(2)} = f(1) = 12 = 1
13. (gof)(1) = g{f)(1)} = g(1) = r(1 1) = 0
14. (fog)(1) = f{g(1)} = f(1) = 1
15. (fog)((f(1,4)) = fbbc{ (gbbc((f(1,4))) = fbbc((f(1,2)) = f(1,0) = undefined.
16. (fog)(1) = f{g(1)} = undefined, because g(1) = r(1) is undefined.
17. (fog)(4) = f{g(4)} = f(2) = f(1,3)

18. (gof)(0) = g{f(0)} = g(1) = r(1) = 1

19. (gof)bbc((f(3,2)) = g[f(3/2)] = gbbc((f(1,4)) = r(f(1,4)) = f(1,2)
20. (gof)(1) = g{f(1)} = g(1) = r(1) = undefined.
21. (gof)bbc(( f(1,2)) = g{f(1/2)} = undefined, because fbbc(( f(1,2)) = f(1,0) is
undefined.
22. (fog)(x ) = (1 + x )2 ; (gof)(x ) = 1 + x 2
23. (fog)(x ) = |x | + 1 ; (gof)(x ) = (r(x ) + 1)2
24. (fog)(x ) = (r(x ) + 2)1 ; (gof)(x ) = 1 + f(1,r(x + 1) )
25. (fog)(x ) = 2 + |x 2| ; (gof)(x ) = x
26. (fog)(x ) = (x 3)2 + 2 ; (gof)(x ) = (x2 + 2) 3 = x 2 1
27. (fog)(x ) = f(x2) = r(x 2) = |x | ; (gof)(x ) = g(r(x ) ) = (r(x ) )2 = x for x 0
28. (fog)(x ) = x2 ; (gof)(x ) = x2
29. (fog)(x ) = fbbc((f(1,x)) = x 1 1 ; (gof)(x ) = g{f(x )} = g(x 1) = (x 1)1
30. (fog)(x ) = x ; (gof)(x ) = x .
31. (fog)(x ) = f(7) = 3 ; (gof)(x ) = g(3) = 7
32. (fog)(x ) = 4 ; (gof)(x ) = {f(x )}2 = 42 = 16.
33. f[g(x )] = (x2 + 1)3. Let u = g(x ) = x 2 + 1, then we have f(u ) = u 3
or f(x) = x3. Thus, f(x ) = x 3 , g(x ) = x2 + 1 is the simplest answer.
34. g(x ) = 2x + 3, f(x ) = r(x ) is the simplest answer.
35. g(x ) = x 2 + 7, f(x ) = f(1,x ) is the simplest answer.
36. g(x ) = x 2 5 and f(x ) = f(1,r(x )) is one of the answers.
37. x = 2000 15p gives p f(2000 x ,15) . Using this value of p in
R = 2000p 15p 2 = p (2000 15p ) gives
R = bbc((f(2000 x ,15))(x ) = bbc((f(1,15))(2000x x2)
38. The demand relation 20p + 2q = 600 gives q = 200 f(20p ,3) .
Then, R = 30q 0.15q 2 = 30 (200 20p /3) 0.15(200 20p /3)2
= 200p f(20p 2,3)
.

39. Substituting T = 3(t + 1) in R = T 5 + 3 T 1/2 , we obtain :

R = f(t) = [3(t + 1)] 5 + 3 [3(t + 1)] 1/2 = 243 (t + 1)5 + 33/2 (t + 1)1/2 .
When t = 2, R = 243 (3)5 + 33/2 (3)1/2 = 9 + 310 .

41. f(x) = ax 4, g(x) = bx + 3 gives

(fog)(x) = f[g(x)] = f(bx + 3) = a(bx + 3) 4 = abx + 3a 4 and
(gof)(x) = g[f(x)] = g(ax 4) = b(ax 4) + 3 = abx 4b + 3.
Since, (fog)(x) = (gof)(x), we have : abx + 3a 4 = abx 4b + 3 or 3a + 4b = 7.
42. f(x) = x + a, g(t) = t + b or g(x) = x + b implies :
(fog)(x) = f[g(x)] = f(x + b) = (x + b) + a = x + a + b, and
(gof)(x) = g[f(x)] = g( x + a ) = ( x + a ) + b = x + a + b. Thus, (fog)(x) = f[g(x)]
43. Putting r = 12 8t/(t + 24) = 4(t + 72)/(t + 24) in N, we obtain :
N = f(t) = 50 / { 100 + [4(t + 72)/(t + 24)]2
= { 25(t + 24)2 } / { 50(t + 24)2 + 8(t + 72)2}
When t = 6, f(6) = 0.2401998 million = 240, 200 units.
EXERCISES - 5.5
1. y = 3 bbc((f(3,4))x 2. y = 2.5x 10
3x 4)

3. y = f(x ,1 x )

4. y = f(1 2x ,

5. x 2 y 2 + x + y = 0 gives (x + y )(x y + 1) = 0 or y = x , y = x + 1.
6. xy (x + y ) 1(x + y ) = 0 or (x + y )(xy 1) = 0 gives y = x , y = f(1,x ) .
7. x 2 + y 2 + 2xy = 4 or (x + y )2 = 4 gives x + y = 2 or
y = 2 x , y = 2 x .
8. 9x 2 + y 2 + 6xy = 25 or (3x + y )2 = 25 or 3x + y = 5 gives
y = 5 3x , y = 5 3x .
9. y = bbc((f(2,3))r(9 x 2) , y = bbc((f(2,3)) r(9 x 2 )
10. y = bbc((f(2,3)) r(x 2 + 9) , y = bbc((f(2,3)) r(x2 + 9) .
11. r(x ) + r(y ) = 1 or r(y ) = 1 r(x ) or y = (1 r(x ) )2
12. xy 2 + x 2y 6 = 0. Treat it as a quadrant in y . Using the quadratic formula, we obtain,
y = f(x 2 r(x4 + 24x ),2x )
Thus, y = f(x 2 r(x4 + 24x ),2x ) ; y = f((x 2 r(x4 + 24x )),2x ) .

13. Solving xy 2 + (x 2 1)y x = 0 as a quadratic in y gives:

y =f((x 2 1) r((x2 1)2 + 4x 2),2x ) = f((1 x 2) (x 2 + 1),2x) = f(1,x ) , x .
Thus, y = f(1,x ) , y = x .
14. Solving as a quadratic in y , we obtain
y = f(3x r(9x 2 4(2x 2 + x 1)),2 ) = f(3x (x 2),2) = 2x 1, x + 1.
Thus, y = 2x + 1, y = x + 1.

19. y = r(3x 4) implies that y 0. Also, solving for x , we get

x = f1(y ) =

, (y 0).

25. x = f1 (y ) = 1 + r(y ) ; if x 1 ; x = f1 (y ) = 1 r(y ) ; if x 1.

26. x = f1 (y ) = f(3 r(y ),2) if x f(3,2) ; x = f1 (y ) = f(3 + r(y ),2) ifx f(3,2)
27. x = f1 (y ) = y 3/2 if x 0 ; x = f1 (y ) = y 3/2 if x 0.
28. y = r(x2 + 1) implies y 1. Thus, solving for x , we get
x = f1 (y ) = r(y 2 1) , (y 1) if x 0.
x = f1 (y ) = r(y 2 1) , (y 1) if x 0.
29. y = |x 1| implies y 0. If x 1, y = |x 1| = x 1 gives x = f1 (y )
= 1 + y , (y 0). If x 1, y = |x 1| = (x 1) gives x = f1 (y )
= 1 y (y 0)

30. x = f1 (y ) = 1 + y (y 1) if x 0
x = f1 (y ) = 1 y (y 1) if x 0

REVIEW EXERCISES ON CHAPTER - 5

1. See answers in the text.
2. (a) f(x ) = x 2 , f(x ) = x 4 , f(x ) = |x | are some of the examples.
(b) f(x ) = ax , (a 0), f(x ) = x 3 , f(x ) = x5 etc. are some examples.
(c) f(x ) = ax , wherea 0 is a constant.
3. F(x ) and G(x ) are equal to f(x ) whereas g(x ) and h(x ) are not.
4. r = radius of circle = distance between (3 , 4) and (1 , 2) = r(20) .
Thus, the equation of circle of radius r(20) and center at (1 , 2) is :
(x + 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 20 or x 2 + y 2 + 2x 4y 15 = 0
5. The equation of circle of radius 5 and center (p , 1) is:
. Since this circle passes through the point
(1,2) we have: (1 p )2 +(2 + 1)2 = 25 or (1 p )2 = 16 or p = 5, 3.
6. Radius = distance between (3 , 1) and the center (1 , 2) = 5.
7. Here the center is (3, 3). Thus the equation is : (x 3)2 + (y 3)2 = 9
or x2 + y2 6x 6y + 9 = 0.
8. Radius = distance between (3 , 4) and the origin (0, 0) = 5. Thus the equation of the
circle with center at (3, 4) and radius 5 is : (x+ 3)2 + (y 4)2 = 25
or x2 + y2 + 6x 8y = 0.
9. x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y 1 = 0 or (x+ 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 1 + 4 + 4 = 9, which represents a circle
with center at (2, 2) and radius 3. The circle meets the
x-axis where y = 0 or x2 + 4x 1 = 0
or
x-axis at the points (

. Thus the circle meets the

, 0) . The circle meets the y-axis where x = 0 or y2 or y2 +

4y 1 = 0 or
Thus the circle meets the y-axis at the points (0,

.
).

10. x2 + y2 2x + 6y + 6 = 0 or (x 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 6 + 1 + 9 = 4, which represents a circle

with center at (1, 3) and radius 2. This circle meets the
coordinate axes at the points

11. x2 + y2 3x + 4y + 8 = 0 or (x 3/2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 8 + 9/4 + 4 = 7/4, which does not

represent a circle, because the right side is negative.
12. x2 + y2 6x 4y 3 = 0 or (x 3)2 + (y 2)2 = 3+ 9 + 4 = 16, which represents a circle
with center at (3, 2) and radius 4. This circle meets the
coordinate axes at the points

and

13. x2 + y2 + 10x 4y + 4 = 0 or (x+ 5)2 + (y 2)2 = 4 + 25 + 4 = 25, which represents a

circle with center at (5, 2) and radius 5. This circle meets the
coordinate axes at the points

and (0, 2).

14. x2 + y2 + 2x 8y + 17 = 0 or (x+ 1)2 + (y 4)2 = 17 + 1 + 16 = 0, which represents a

point at (1, 4) i.e., a circle with center at (1, 4) and radius 0.

17. (fog)(x ) = | 1 x2 | (gof)(x ) = 1 x 2 18. g(x ) = 3x 1 and f(x ) = f(1,x 2)

19. f(x ) = f(x , x + 1 ) , g(x ) = r(x ) is the simplest answer.
20. P(x ) = 2 if 0 < x 1 ; P(x ) = 3 if 1 < x 2 ; P(x ) = 4 if 2 <x 3;
P(x ) = 5 if 3 < x 4 ; P(x ) = 6 if x > 4

22. R = f(p ) = 300p 20p 2 ; p = g(x ) = 15 0.05x

Eliminating p , we get
R = 300(15 0.05x ) 20(15 0.05x )2 = 15x 0.05x 2
Also R = f(p ) = f{g(x)} = (fog)(x )
Thus, R = (fog)(x ) = 15x 0.05x2 represents the revenue as a function of demand x.
23. 2p + 0.05x = 8 gives x = 160 40p . Therefore,
R = 4x 0.025x 2 = 4(160 - 40p ) 0.025(160 40p )2 = 160p 40p2 .
24. If x is the distance in miles and y c the cost (in dollars) of moving x miles, then we are
given that x = 900, y c = 6 and x = 1700, y c = 10. Thus the equation of straight line
through two points (900 , 6) and (1700 , 10) is
y c 6 = bbc{(f(10 6,1700 900))(x 900) or y c = 1.5 + 0.005x .
Thus C(x) = 1.5 + 0.005x , where C(x ) = Cost of moving x miles.
25. If the rent is increased by x increments of $5, then new rent per suite
= $(120 + 5x ) and the number of suites rented at this rate = (60 2x )
R = monthly revenue = (Rent per suite) . (No. of suites rented)
= (120 + 5x ) (60 2x ) ------ (i)
(a) If $p denotes the monthly rent per unit, then p = 120 + 5x or x =0.2p 24.
Substituting this value of x in (i) we get:
R = (120 + 5x ) (60 2x ) = p {(60 2(0.2p 24)} = 108p 0.4p 2.
(b) If q denotes the number of suites rented per unit, then q = 60 2x
or x = 30 0.5q . Using this value of x in (i) we get:
R(q ) = {120 + 5(30 0.5q )}q = 270q 2.5q 2.
(c) R(p ) = 108p 0.4p 2 is maximum when p = f(108,2(0.4)) = $135.
26. If x = No. of suites rented and p = rent per suite, then equation of srtraight line through
two points (200 , 120) and (170 , 150) is
p = 320 x or x = 320 - p .
R = revenue = px = p (320 p ) = 320p p2
R is maximum when p = f(b,2a ) = f(320,2(-1)) = $160.
27. y = 70 + 150x 0.3x 2 is maximum when x = f(150,2(0.3)) = $250
y max. = 70 + 150 (250) 0.3(250)2 = 18,820 units.
28. Let the monthly charge be decreased by x decreases od $0.50, that is, the new monthly
charge is $(16.50 0.5x ). The number of subscribers at this new rate will be (5000 + 200x ).
R = total revenue = (16.50 0.5x )(5000 + 200x )
= 82,500 + 800x 100x 2

R(x ) is maximum when x = f(800,2(100)) = 4.

Thus, monthly charge = $(16.50 0.5x ) = $14.50
29. C(x ) = Cost of producing x units = 0.70x + 200
2p = 5 0.01x gives p = 2.5 0.005x
R = px = x (2.5 0.005x ) = 2.5x 0.005x 2
(a) R is maximum when x = 2.5/2(0.005) = 250 units.
(b) If P denotes the profit, then
P = R C = (2.5x 0.005x 2) (200 + 0.7x ) = 1.8x 0.005x 2 200
P is maximum when x = 1.8/2(0.005) = 180 units.
30. p = $20, x = 0 and p = $19, x = 500 gives the equation of srtraight line through these
two points as p = 20 f(x ,500) = 20 0.002x .
R(x ) = revenue = px = 20x 0.002x 2 ; C(x ) = 12x + 2000.
P(x ) = profits = R C
= (20x 0.002x 2 ) (12x + 2000) = 8x 0.002x 2 2000
P is maximum, when x = f(8,2(0.002)) = 2000 tapes.
Then p = 20 0.002x gives p = 20 0.002(2000) = $16 per tape.
31. The given equation is (x + 100)2 + (p + 75)2 = 65025 = (255)2 .
The graph is the
portion of circle in the first
quadrant. At the highest
price, x = 0. Then given
equation gives :
p 2 + 150p 49,400 = 0.
The positive value of p
(solve by quadratic formula)
is
p = $159.57.

32. y = bbc((f(1,2)) r(9 x 2 ) 33. y = r(x 1)

34. The given equation is : x2y (y x ) + 2(y x ) = 0 or (y x )(x 2y + 2) = 0
Thus, y = x or y = f(2,x 2) .
35. x = f-1 (y ) = 4 y 2 , (y 0)

36. y = x 2 2x or x 2 2x y = 0. Solving as a quadratic in x , we get:

x = f(2 r(4 + 4y ),2) = 1 r(1 + y ) .
Thus, x = f1 (y ) = 1 + r(y + 1) , if x 1
x = f1(y ) = 1 r(y + 1) , if x 1
37. p (0) = 3000 f(2000,1+0) = 1000, p(1) = 3000 f(2000,1 + 1) = 2000,
p (2) = 3000 f(2000,1 + 4) = 2600.
gives

or
or

or
(Note t 0).