Professional Documents
Culture Documents
N-1
N-2
Foreword
Handover is a key technology of mobile communication system and make continued conversation possible. Handover algorithm in Huawei product is flexible and powerful.
Page2
N-3
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Outline the types of handover Master handover judgment flow Understand algorithm of different handovers Explain HO data configuration
Page3
N-4
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover 2. HO Algorithm Process
Page4
N-5
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover 2. HO Algorithm Process
Page5
N-6
Purposes of HO
To keep a continuous communication with a moving MS To improve network service performance To reduce the call drop rate To reduce the congestion rate
Page6
Handover can maintain the communication continuity of MS which moves across different cells and lower the call drop rate and provide better communication service.
N-7
Classification by Reason
1
Classification by Reason 3
4
Page7
N-8
Classification by Synchronization
MSC
NSS Network
MSC
BSC BTS
CELL
BSC
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Synchronous Handover: the target BTS shall not send PHY INFO message Asynchronous Handover: the target BTS shall send PHY INFO message
Page8
Synchronous handover: source and target cell belong the same BTS
Asynchronous handover: source and target cell belong the different BTS
N-9
Inter Cell HO
TCH TCH
Intra BSC HO
SDCCH SDCCH
Page9
N-10
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover 2. HO Algorithm Process
Page10
N-11
Contents
2. HO Algorithm Process
2.1 General HO Process 2.2 Measure and Measurement Result Report 2.3 Measurement Report Preprocessing 2.4 Handover Judgment 2.5 Handover Implementation
Page11
N-12
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Handover Judgment
Page12
N-13
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Handover Judgment
Page13
N-14
Measurement Report
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and quality. Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level, downlink receiving quality of the serving cell and other downlink receiving levels from the neighbor cells.
Page14
In dedicated mode, the system performs handover and power control judgment based on measurement reports. The downlink MR are reported to the network via uplink SACCH channel. Downlink--In dedicated mode, MS reports MR via uplink SACCH channel periodically. The report includes the receiving level, received quality, TA, power class and whether DTX is used. At the same time, MS will perform pre-synchronization to neighbor cell defined by the system to obtain BCCH frequencies and BSIC, measure their received signal level and report the six max. neighbor cells with the highest received signal level. Uplink--The uplink measurement report is measured by BTS, including the receiving level and receiving quality from the MS. Both parts are sent by BTS to BSC for further processing at the same time.
N-15
Measurement Report
Page15
There are two values in the measurement report: FULL MR and SUB MR. FULL--Averaging 100 TCH bursts (except the four idle frames in the four 26multiframes) SUB--Averaging 12 bursts (four SACCH bursts and eight TCH bursts in specific position). SUB should be selected when the Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) function is activated.
RXQUAL level in MR
Huawei value
BER behind
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Less than 0.2% 0.2% ~ 0.4% 0.4% ~ 0.8% 0.8% ~ 1.6% 1.6% ~ 3.2% 3.2% ~ 6.4% 6.4% ~ 12.8% Greater than 12.8%
N-16
480ms
4 TCH Multiframes
12TCH
1SACCH
12TCH
1 Idle
Page16
SACCH is a bidirectional channel. It sends the downlink measurement report to BTS in uplink SACCH. It sends SYS.INFO. 5 and SYS. INFO. 6 to MS in downlink SACCH.
1.
The SACCH measurement report period varies with the channel occupied by MS in dedicated mode. When associated with SDCCH, SACCH measurement period is 470ms, this is because there is an entire SACCH message block in 2 SDCCH 51-multiframes. When associated with TCH, SACCH measurement period is 480ms, this is because there is an entire SACCH message block in 4 TCH 26multiframes
2.
3.
A complete measurement report is formed by four consecutive SACCH bursts. In SDCCH channel the four bursts are transmitted continuously. In TCH channel there is only one SACCH burst in each 26-multiframe, therefore only four 26-multiframe can constitute a complete measurement report.
N-17
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Handover Judgment
Page17
N-18
MR Preprocessing
Interpolation
Recover the lost measurement report
Filtering
Smooth the instantaneous fading point
MR Preprocessing
Page18
N-19
MR Interpolation
C on tin sM uou ow R Fl
MR MR MR
No. n+4
MR MR
Page19
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to recover the lost measurement reports. If the lost MR amount is within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number Lost), then recovers the lost MR according to the specific algorithm.
Service cell: linear algorithm Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification (-110dBm)
The continuity of measurement report is judged by measurement report number. Each measurement report has a serial number. If the serial numbers of received measurement reports are not consecutive, there must be missing measurement reports, and the system will make them up according to the interpolation algorithm. As shown in the diagram, the network receives measurement reports n and n+4, whose serial numbers are not consecutive, so the system will make up for the missing measurement reports n+1, n+2 and n+3 with a certain algorithm.
N-20
MR Filtering
Flow
MR MR MR MR MR
C on
tinu
R us M
MR
Page20
When the network receives the measurement report, it can not judge the current condition of MS according to just one measurement report due to the signal fluctuation. Therefore, filtering, a more suitable method is applied. Different filters are applied in receiving level, receiving quality and TA of uplink and downlink.
N-21
Page21
[MR Preprocessing] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether the BTS pre-processes the MR.
This parameter determines the location where power control is performed. If this parameter is set to Yes, power control is performed by the BTS. Otherwise, the power control is performed by the BSC. When this parameter is set to No, the MR is processed by the BSC, in which case, both Transfer original MR, Transfer BS/MS power class and Sent Freq of preprocessed MR are invalid. When this parameter is set to Yes, the load over Abis interface and that over the BSC are reduced, thus shortening the response time and improving the network performance.
[Transfer Original MR] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether the original MR is transferred to the BSC after the BTS pre-processes the MR.
When the parameter is set to Yes, the BTS transfers to the BSC both the processed MR and the original MR.
Remarks:In case of 4:1 configuration, this parameter must be set to No if SDCCH/8 is greater than 2.
N-22
Page22
[Transfer BS/MS Power Class] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the original BS/MS power class is transferred to the BSC. Remarks:When MR pre-processing is enabled, uplink and downlink balance measurement is affected if this parameter is set to No. In addition, power compensation handovers, such as PBGT handovers, load handovers, and Concentric Cell handovers, may become abnormal. [Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR] Value Range: Do not Report, Twice every second, Once every second, Once every two seconds, Once every four seconds Default Value: Twice every second Description: This parameter indicates the frequency that the BTS transfers the preprocessed MR to the BSC. After the MR is preprocessed by BTS, the BTS transfers the preprocessed MR to the BSC. For example, if this parameter is set to Twice every second, the BTS transfers the preprocessed MR to the BSC twice per 0.5 second.
N-23
Page23
[Allowed MR Number Lost] Value Range: 0~31 Default Value: 4 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs allowed to be lost in succession. When this threshold is not reached, the lost MR is estimated via the linear interpolation basing on the first and the last MRs received. When this threshold is reached, all previous MRs are discarded, and calculations are made again when new MRs are received. Remarks: MRs fail to be decoded correctly when the signal strength in the serving cell is poor. When this threshold is reached, all previous MRs are discarded and handover may fail. Thus, it is advised to assign this parameter with a greater value to enable emergency handover. [Filter Length for TCH Level] Value Range: 1~31 Default Value: 4 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs used for averaging the TCH signal strength.
This parameter helps to avoid sharp drop of signal levels caused by Raileigh Fading and to ensure correct handover decisions.
Remarks: When this parameter is too large, the impact of sudden changes is reduced, and the response is delayed, thus affecting the network performance. [Filter Length for TCH Qual] Value Range: 1~31 Default Value: 4 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs used for averaging the TCH signal quality.
N-24
Page24
[Filter Length for SDCCH Level] Value Range: 1~31 Default Value: 2 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs used for averaging the SDCCH signal strength. It is recommended that you assign this parameter with a lower value because the SDCCH occupation time is shorter than the TCH occupation time. [Filter Length for SDCCH Qual] Value Range: 1~31 Default Value: 2 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs used for averaging the SDCCH signal quality. It is recommended that you assign this parameter with a lower value because the SDCCH occupation time is shorter than the TCH occupation time. [Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV] Value Range: 1~31 Default Value: 4 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs used for averaging the signal strength in neighboring cells. This parameter helps to avoid sharp drop of signal levels and to ensure correct handover decisions. Remarks: When this parameter is too large, the impact of sudden changes is reduced, and the response is delayed, thus affecting the network performance. [Filter Length for TA] Value Range: 1~31 Default Value: 4 Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRs used for TA averaging.
N-25
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
Emergency HO No DL MR HO
Handover Judgment
TA HO Interference HO Rx_Level_Drop HO
Handover Implementation
Bad Quality HO
Page25
N-26
Penalty Processing
Punish on the target cell HO Fails
Emergency (TA&BQ)HO
AMR HO Fails
Penalty
Concentric Cell HO
Intra-cell HO
Page26
N-27
Cell A
BTS
HO Fail
BTS
BSC
Cell B
Page27
When MS fails to handover to a target cell, a penalty will be given on the signal level of this target cell during a so called handover failure penalty time period. That is, when ranking the neighbor cells in the cell list, the corresponding neighbor cell with a failure record within the penalty time will be penalized by cutting certain value on the reported signal level.
N-28
Page28
[Penalty Level after HO Fail] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 30 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty level given to a target cell. A penalty level is given to a target cell to avoid further attempts when a handover fails due to any of the following reasons:
Cell congestion A message indicating internal handover refusal is received. A message indicating Um interface handover failure is received during outgoing BSC handover. A message indicating Um interface handover failure is received during internal handover.
Remarks: This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of handover failure expires.
N-29
Page29
[RscPenaltyTimer] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the length of the penalty timer for handover failure between adjacent cells due to cell congestion. [UmPenaltyTimer] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 10 Description: This parameter indicates the length of the penalty timer for handover failure between adjacent cells due to failed air interface connection. [CfgPenaltyTimer] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 255 Description: This parameter indicates the length of the penalty timer for handover failure between adjacent cells due to incorrect data configuration.
N-30
Cell A
BQ&TA HO
BTS
BSC Cell B
Page30
In case of BQ emergency handover, the original serving cell will be penalized (called signal level penalty by BQ HO ), during BQ HO penalty time, to avoid MS to be handed back to the original serving cell again within certain time. It is the same for TA handover, i.e. the original serving cell is penalized (signal level penalty by TA HO ) during TA HO penalty time.
N-31
Page31
[Penalty Level after BQ HO] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 63 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty level given to the original serving cell where emergency handover is performed due to bad quality. After emergency handover is performed due to bad quality, the receive level of the original serving cell is decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and handover to the original serving cell is not allowed. Remarks: This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of handover due to bad quality expires. [Penalty Time after BQ HO (s)] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 15 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time given to the original serving cell where emergency handover is performed due to bad quality. During the penalty time, the receive level of the original serving cell is decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and handover to the original serving cell is not allowed.
N-32
Page32
[Penalty Level after TA HO] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 63 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty level given to the original serving cell where emergency handover is performed due to TA. After emergency handover is performed due to TA, the receive level of the original serving cell is decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and handover to the original serving cell is not allowed. This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of handover due to TA expires. [Penalty Time after TA HO(s)] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value:30 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time given to the original serving cell where emergency handover is performed due to TA. During the penalty time, the receive level of the original serving cell is decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and handover to the original serving cell is not allowed.
N-33
Back? No way!
Umbrella
Micro cell
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33
Purpose of such penalty: When MS crosses continuously several micro cells, it handover to the umbrella cell with lower hierarchical priority level, to avoid too frequent handovers which will affect the communication quality between those cells. At the same time, penalty is started to avoid handover back to original cell again. A possible example is that a fast moving car is running on a highway.
N-34
Page34
[Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value:30 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty given to the level in a neighboring cell when an MS is moving fast. Only the cells in the umbrella layer can give penalty to the cells in other three layers. Remarks: This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of fast moving expires. [Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 40 Description: This parameter indicates the period during which penalty is performed on the neighboring cells of the fast moving MS. During this period, penalty on the neighboring cells (on only the other three layers except the umbrella layer) of fast moving MS is valid.
N-35
Overlaid Underlaid
Do not attempt again during penalty time after one failed HO(O->U)!
Page35
Huawei concentric cell HO failure means the failure of handover from the Underlaid to the Overlaid, or from the Overlaid to the Underlaid.
N-36
Page36
[Penalty Time after UtoO HO Fails(s)] Value Range: 10~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 40 Description: After a UL to OL handover fails, no UL to OL handover request is allowed before the penalty time expires. [Penalty Time after OtoU HO Fails(s)] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 10 Description: After an OL to UL handover fails, no OL to UL handover request is allowed before the penalty time expires. [MaxRetry Time after UtoO Fail] Value Range: 0~8 Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of UL to OL handover failures. UL to OL handover is not allowed if the number of handover failures reaches this threshold. Remarks: When this parameter is set to 0, not this threshold but the penalty time restricts the permission of handover.
N-37
Page37
N-38
Page38
[Penalty Time of UtoO HO(s)] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 10 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time for forbidding ping-pong handovers. After an OL to UL handover is performed, UL to OL handover is not allowed before the penalty time expires. If this parameter is set to 0, a UL to OL handover is allowed when required. Remarks: This parameter is valid only when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.
N-39
Penalty time
0 3 7 12 32 T (s)
Max. consecutive HO times: 3 Forbidden time after Max. times: 20s Interval for consecutive HO Jud: 6s
Page39
Because of the co-channel interference and other interference, the voice quality of a MS on certain frequency may lower than the handover threshold, now, the voice quality can be satisfied if the MS hands over to another frequency in the same cell. On the other side, the signaling flow of this kind of intra-cell handover is less and handover successful ratio is higher. But under some specific condition (for example: several frequency are all interfered in a cell), then continual intra-cell handover may occurred. So it is necessary to control the frequency of intra-cell handover.
N-40
Page40
[Max Consecutive HO Times] Value Range:1~20 Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the maximum number of consecutive intra-cell handovers allowed. If the interval of two continuous intra-cell handovers is less than a specified threshold, the two handovers are regarded as consecutive handovers.Intra-cell handover is forbidden if the number of consecutive handovers exceeds this threshold. [Forbidden Time after Max Times] Value Range: 1~200 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 20 Description: This parameter indicates the timer that starts when the threshold of maximum consecutive intra-cell handovers is reached. Intra-cell handovers is allowed only when the timer expires. [Interval for Consecutive HO Jud.] Value Range: 1~200 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 6 Description: This parameter indicates the period for judging whether two continuous intra-cell handovers are consecutive.
N-41
Page41
[Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fails(s)] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 30 Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time for AMR full rate to half rate (FR-to-HR) handovers. Before the timer expires, no AMR FRto-HR handover request is allowed if the previous full-half handover fails due to channel unavailability or channel mismatch.
N-42
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
Emergency HO No DL MR HO
Handover Judgment
TA HO Interference HO Rx_Level_Drop HO
Handover Implementation
Bad Quality HO
Page42
N-43
Ranking Processing
Basic ranking
M rule K rule
16 bits ranking
Page43
Ranking processing of cells are major parts of the HO judgment. The ranking result is used for target cell selection of handover. The ranking processing includes:
Basic ranking
M rule K rule (Integrated with 16bits ranking, will be discussed together with 16bits ranking)
N-44
M Rule
Begin
Finish to all neighbor cells?
Yes
End
No No
An BSC external neighboring cell& the current channel is SDCCH ?
Yes
Direct retry?
Yes
the cell overload ?
Yes
Yes
No
RX_LEV_DL(n) < [Min DL Power on HO Candidate Cell](n)+ [Min Access Level Offset](s->n)?
Yes
No
RX_LEV_UL(n) < [Min UP Power on HO Candidate Cell](n)+ [Min Access Level Offset](s->n)?
Yes
No
M rule will remove the neighbor cells from the candidate cell list according to the flow.
Page44
M rule will remove the cells from the candidate cell list according to the following conditions:
Under the condition of non-direct retry, if Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowed is No, and this is an external neighboring cell, and the current channel is SDCCH If the cell is overload RX_LEV_DL < Min DL Power on HO Candidate Cell + Min Access Level Offset RX_LEV_UL < Min UL Power on HO Candidate Cell + Min Access Level Offset
For service cell: Min Access Level Offset is 0.
N-45
Page45
[Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether an inter-BSC SDCCH handover is allowed. An inter-BSC SDCCH handover is triggered when an MS succeeds in requesting SDCCH but fails to request TCH in a BSC.
N-46
Page46
[Min UP Power on HO Candidate Cell] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 10 Description: The M criterion supports the minimum value constraint of uplink received level of the neighbor cell. Expected uplink level of the neighbor cell >= (the minimum uplink power of the candidate cell for handover + the minimum access level offset)The M criterion is satisfied only when the expected downlink level of the neighbor cell >= (the minimum downlink power of the candidate cell for handover + the minimum access level offset).0-63 with 0 indicating -110 dBm and 63 indicating -47 dBm. [Min DL Level on Candidate Cell] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 15 Description: This parameter indicates the lower threshold of downlink receive level when a cell becomes a candidate cell. Remarks: This parameter must be appropriately specified. If it is too high, some desired cells may be excluded from the candidate cells. If it is too low, an unwanted cell may become the target cell, thus leading to handover failures or call drops. A cell can become a candidate cell only when the receive level minus this parameter is greater than the minimum access level offset. [Min Access Level Offset] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 0 Description: This offset is based on the Min DL level on Candidate Cell. For different adjacent cells, different offsets can be defined. Only when the receiving level of an adjacent cell > Min DL Level on Candidate Cell + Min Access Level Offset, then this cell become a candidate cell. Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
N-47
10 9 12 11 4 13 6 15 1 1
Page47
N-48
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
Page48
N-49
Yes
serving cell?
No
Always set to 0
Yes
Set to 0
No Set to1
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
Page49
Service cell: always 0 Neighboring cell: when RX_LEV_DL (n) >= RX_LEV_DL (s) + Inter-cell HO hysteresis, bit 4th is set to 0. Otherwise, set to 1
N-50
Page50
[Inter-cell HO Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the handover hysteresis between adjacent cells of the same layer. The purpose of setting this parameter is to reduce the "Ping-Pong" handovers. The value of this parameter is invalid if cells are not on the same layer. 4 dB for populous urban areas and 8 dB for suburbs.
N-51
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
Page51
N-52
GSM 900
Layer 3
GSM1800
GSM1800
Layer 2
GSM900 GSM1800
GSM900 GSM1800
GSM900 GSM1800
Layer 1 high
Page52
The handover algorithm of Huawei divides the whole network into four layers, each of which further divided into 16 levels. The lower the layer is, the higher the handover priority level will be. The Micro Cell layer has the highest priority level.
N-53
Page53
[Cell Layer] Value Range:1~4 (mapping to the PICO layer, the MICRO layer, the MACRO layer, and the UMBRELLA layer) Unit: Layer Default Value: 3 Description: The framework of Huawei network is divided into four layers: Umbrella layer, Macro layer, Micro layer, and Pico layer. Each layer is designed with 16 priorities. The Umbrella layer refers to the GSM900 layer with a large coverage area. It implements the high-layer coverage and the connection of MSs moving at a high speed. The Macro layer carries most traffic on the GSM900 band. The Micro layer carries most traffic on the DCS1800 band. It solves the problem of insufficient resources. The Micro layer is a main cell layer for dual-band MSs in the future. The Pico layer is a microcell layer on the GSM900 and DCS1800 bands. It meets the requirements for the provisioning of traffic at hot spots and dead zones. Remarks: You can set multiple priorities (a maximum of 16 priorities) for each layer. From the aspect of traffic priority, if the layer and level of a cell is low, the priority is high. [Cell Priority] Value Range:1~16 Unit: Level Default Value:1 Description: This parameter controls handover between cells at the same layer. Generally, the cells at the same layer have the same priority. If the cells at the same layer have different priorities, the cell with a smaller value has a higher priority.
N-54
No
No
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
Page54
The 11th bit: bit value is decided by cell-load-sharing criterion. And this bit will be turned off when the system load is higher than System Flux Threshold for Load HO or Load HO Allowed is set to NO Service cell: if cell load >= Load HO Threshold, bit 11th is set to 1. Otherwise, set to 0 Neighboring cell: if cell load >= Load Rep. on Candidate Cell, bit 11th is set to 1. Otherwise, set to 0
N-55
Page55
[Load HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether a traffic load-sharing handover is allowed. Load-sharing helps to reduce cell congestion, improve the success rate of assignment, and balance the traffic load among cells. Load-sharing functions only within the same BSC or in cells of the same layer. It applies to only TCH. If load handover is frequently required, TRX configuration and network planning should be properly adjusted. Remarks: In areas with tight frequency reuse, extra interference may occur if Load HO Allowed is set to Yes.
[System Flux Threshold for Load HO] Value Range: 0~11 Default Value: 10 Description: System Flux Threshold for Load HO is obtained based on message load, CPU load, and so on. The system flow level is the current flow control level of the system. 0~11:It is the system flux control level when the alarm module send out alarms information. Level 11 is the highest and level 0 is the lowest. A load handover is allowed only when the system flow is lower than this threshold. Otherwise, unexpected situations may occur. Therefore, this parameter must be set properly. Flow control threshold for the CPU to start to discard the channel access messages and paging messages: 80% Flow control threshold for the CPU to discard all the channel access messages and paging messages: 100% CPU usage smaller than 80% corresponds to level 0. CPU usage equal to or greater than CPU flow control threshold 80% corresponds to level 2. An increase of 5% means an increase of 2 levels. Level 10 is the highest. The level value can be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10.
N-56
Page56
[Load HO Threshold]
Value Range: 0~100(%) Default Value: 85 Description: When the load handover is switched on, it is recommended that the Load HO Threshold is set to 85.The cell load refers to TCH usage. When the cell load exceeds the value of Load HO Threshold, the BSC starts the load handover. That is, the BSC starts the load handover after the TCH in the cell are proportionally occupied. Remarks: Even if the Load HO Allowed is set to Yes, the Load HO Threshold and Load Req. on Candidate Cell affect the queuing of the candidate cell handover. Therefore, when the cell is overloaded, the handovers such as PBGT cannot be performed if this parameter is not properly set.
N-57
No
Co-BSC? Yes
Co-MSC?
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
Page57
12th bit: if neighbor cell is co-BSC with the serving cell, 12th bit is set to 0. Otherwise, set to 1 13th bit: if neighbor cell is co-MSC with the serving cell, 13th bit is set to 0. Otherwise, set to 1
Service cell: is always set to 0 These two bits will be turned off when Co-BSC/MSC Adj. is set to NO
N-58
Page58
[Co-BSC/MSC Adj] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the sequence of candidate cells is adjusted. After the sequence is adjusted, the handover within the same BSC/MSC takes priority.
N-59
Yes
No set to 0 Bit 14th set to 1, and bit 5th ~13th are turned off
Page59
The 14th bit: Layer HO threshold adjustment bit Serving cell: RX_LEV_DL >= Inter-layer HO Threshold Inter-layer HO Hysteresis, bit 14th is set to 0 Neighboring cell: RX_LEV_DL >= Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO Hysteresis, bit 14th is set to 0. If the above criterion is not met, then bit 14th is set to 1. At the same time, bit 5th- 13th bits are turned off. The 15th/16th bits are reserved
N-60
Page60
[Inter-layer HO Threshold] Value Range: 0~63(-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 25 Description: In BSC handover algorithm, the M criterion is used to rank the handover candidate cells. The M criterion includes 16 bits. This parameter is one bit of the 16 bits and it affects the rank of a candidate cell. When the downlink level of a cell is lower than this threshold, the cell takes low priority as far as comprehensive sequence is concerned. Remarks: Make sure that the receive level of the destination cell is higher than this threshold in inter-layer handover or load handover. Otherwise, the MS may be handed from a cell with heavy load and high level (high priority cell) to a cell with light load and low level (low priority cell), thus leading to call drops. [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the hysteresis of an inter-layer or inter-priority handover. It is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers. Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a serving cell = Inter-layer HO Threshold C Inter-layer HO hysteresis Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a neighboring cell = Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO hysteresis
N-61
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
Emergency HO No DL MR HO
Handover Judgment
TA HO Interference HO Rx_Level_Drop HO
Handover Implementation
Bad Quality HO
Page61
N-62
No DL MR HO
When the quality of Um interface become worse and worse, it is for the worse uplink quality that MS can not deliver downlink MR, while the downlink quality is not bad enough for MS to receive the downlink message normally.
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
Page62
When the quality of Um interface become worse and worse, it is for the worse uplink quality that MS can not deliver downlink MR, while the downlink quality is not bad enough for MS to receive the downlink message normally. Under this kind of urgency condition, in order to save this call, the network send handover command to MS.
N-63
Position of No DL MR HO
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode Measure and Measurement Result Report
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO TA HO Interference HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
No DL MR HO
3 Handover Judgment
Handover Implementation
Rx_Level_Drop HO
MS Goes into New Dedicated Mode
Bad Quality HO
Page63
Attention: After MR. Preprocessing, the No DL MR handover is triggered if trigger condition is satisfied.
N-64
No DL MR HO
No Begin No UL_Qua. (after filtering) >=[No Dl Mr.Ul Qual HO Limit](s)? Yes [No Dl Mr. HO Allowed](s) Yes ? Yes No Report 1 DL MR at least? Yes No <=[Cons.No Dl Mr. Ho Allowed Limit](s)? Yes No No Dl Mr. in current Mr.? Yes Yes No serving cell? Yes [Intracell HO Allowed](s)? Yes Within Penalty Time No Trigger No DL Mr. HO signal quality filter length: For TCH:[Filter Length for TCH Qual] For SDCCH:[Filter Length for SDCCH Qual] Page64 Yes Only one cadidate cell? No Select the candidate cell with the highest priority, exluding serving cell No
End
Triggering condition
No DL information in current MR Stored UL Rx_Qual Value Number >= Filter Length for TCH/SDCCH Qual UL Rx_Qual >= No DL MR HO UL Rx_Qual Threshold Number of Lost DL MR < Cons. No DL MR HO Allowed Limit
N-65
Data Configuration of No DL MR HO
Page65
[No Dl Mr. HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter is used to control the handover algorithm without downlink measurement report. If this parameter is set to 0, the no handover algorithm without downlink measurement report is disabled. Therefore, handover decision without downlink measurement report is not allowed in this cell. If this parameter is set to 1, the no downlink measurement report handover algorithm is enabled. Therefore, handover decision without downlink measurement report is allowed in this cell. [No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit] Value Range: 0~70 (mapping to RQ (0~7)10) Default Value: 60 Description: This parameter indicates the uplink receive quality threshold of triggering an emergency handover when no measurement result on downlink channels is contained in the MR. The emergency handover is allowed only when the filtered uplink receive quality crossed this threshold. When an emergency handover is triggered, inter-cell handover takes priority. Intra-cell handover, however, is triggered if no candidate cell is available and intra-cell handovers are allowed. [Cons. No Dl Mr. HO Allowed Limit] Value Range: 0~64 Default Value: 8 Description: This parameter indicates the upper threshold of consecutive MRs containing no downlink measurement result for a call. Each call is configured with a global timer, which counts the number of consecutive MRs containing no downlink measurement. When the timer exceeds this threshold, the handover is disabled and the timer is reset.
N-66
TA(Time Advance) HO
Handover Triggering
Time
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
Page66
Because a MS is far away from its serving BTS, the practice TA value is more than TA threshold configured in data configuration, TA handover is triggered.
N-67
TA(Time Advance) HO
Begin
No
[TA HO Allowed] Yes ? Yes The actual TA >= [TA Threshold](s)? Yes
Select the cell with the highest priority in the cadidate cell list Yes
End
No
serving cell? No
[TA Threshold] (n,in the same BTS) <= [TA Threshold](s)
No
Yes
Page67
Triggering condition
The actual TA >= TA Threshold
Restriction
The service cell cannot be the object cell. HO is not allowed when TA Threshold of the neighboring cell with the same BTS is equal or smaller than that of the service cell.
N-68
Data Configuration of TA HO
Page68
[TA HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether a Timing Advance (TA) handover is allowed. A TA handover is triggered when the TA is higher than the triggering threshold. TA is calculated based on the distance between the MS and the BTS. The longer the distance is, the greater the TA is. [TA Threshold] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (A bit period corresponds to 0.55 km.) Default Value: 255 Description: This parameter indicates the TA threshold of triggering emergency handover. Emergency handover is triggered when TA is equal to or greater than this threshold.
N-69
Interference Handover
RX_Lev Handover Triggering Zone Lev_Thr
Qual_Thr
Rx_Qual
Interference Origin
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
Page69
For a MS or a BTS, when the receiving quality is lower than the interference quality threshold and receiving level is higher than the interference level threshold, it is considered that interference exists in serving cell, so interference handover is triggered.
N-70
Interference HO
Begin Select the cell with the highest priority in the cadidate cell list Yes serving cell? No No [Interference HO Allowed] Yes ? Yes End No UL or DL receiving Quality(s)>=A? Yes No Any neighbour cell exist? Yes None AMR FR: A = RXQUALn, 1<=n<=12 AMR FR: A = RXQUAL1, n=1; A = RXQUALn + RXLEVoff, No
[Intracell HO Allowed](s) yes & cell not punished? Rx_Level(n)>= [Inter-layer HO Threshold](n) + [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](s->n)?
No
Yes
2<=n<=12
Page70
Triggering condition UL/DL receiving quality>=A None AMR FR A = RXQUALn, 1<=n<=12 AMR FR A = RXQUAL1, n=1; A = RXQUALn + RXLEVoff, 2<=n<=12 Object cell selection The cells must be of the highest priority in the candidate cell sequence and meet the following restrictions. Restriction The service cell that is not in the penalty time for intra-cell handover. The neighboring cell with the receiving level higher than the inter layer HO Thrsh + Hysteresis.
For none AMR FR, if one of the following conditions is met, the system will judge that interference occur: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Rx_lev <= 30, and Rx_qual > RXQUAL 1 Rx_lev = 31, and Rx_qual > RXQUAL 2 Rx_lev is within [32,35], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL3 Rx_lev is within [36,38], and Rx_qual >RXQUAL 4 Rx_lev is within [39,41], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL5 Rx_lev is within [42,45], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL6 Rx_lev is within [46,48], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL7 Rx_lev is within [49,52], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL8 Rx_lev is within [53,55], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL9 Rx_lev is within [56,58], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL10 Rx_lev is within [59,62], and Rx_qual > RXQUAL11 Rx_lev >= 63, and Rx_qual > RXQUAL12
N-71
Page71
N-72
Page72
[Interference HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether an interference handover is allowed. An interference handover is triggered when the receive level is higher than the receive threshold, but the transmission quality is lower than the handover triggering threshold. Remarks: Both downlink and uplink interference is judged, and inter-cell handover takes priority. If no target cell is available, intra-cell interference handover can be implemented in the serving cell if intra-cell handovers are allowed. [RXQUAL1] ~ [RXQUAL12] Value Range: 0~70 Description: Quality threshold 1~12 for the interference handover of nonCAMR FR voice services. The value corresponds to (quality level 0~7) x 10.See the next slide [RXLEVOff] Value Range: 0~70 Default Value: 5 Description: The quality level offset of the interface handover of the AMR FR service relative to non-AMR services or the AMR HR service (x 10).
N-73
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Page73
Rx_Level_Drop HO will be triggered when receiving level drops fast because of barrier such as high building.
N-74
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Begin No [Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed] Yes ? Yes No
Satisfy the Formula& The latest RX_LEV_UL(s) < [Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold](s)?
Select the cell with the highest priority in the cadidate cell list
End
Yes
serving cell? No
No
End
Formula:
Triggering condition
The lastest RX_LEV_UL < Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold C1nt=(A1-10)X1(A2-10)X2+(A3-10)X3(A8-10)X8<B
Object cell selection The neighboring cell with the highest priority and whose priority is higher than that of the service cell in the candidate cell group. Restriction The service cell cannot be the object cell.
Filter Parameter A1A8 and Filter Parameter B work together to decide whether the rapid drop of the receive level must be reflected in one or multiple MRs. The conditions to trigger a rapid level dropping handover are as follows; C1nt=(A1-10)X1(A2-10)X2+(A3-10)X3(A8-10)X8 In the algorithm above, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 indicate the uplink receive levels of the last eight MRs in the queue. Filter Parameter A1A8 must meet the following conditions: A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8=80 For example, if you want to reflect the rapid drop of the cell level in a MR, you can set A3A8 equal to 10, A1 to 0, and A2 to 20.
N-75
Page75
[Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: The parameter indicates whether the emergency handover algorithm is allowed. The emergency handover algorithm is used to prevent call drops when the receive level of the MS drops rapidly. Generally this algorithm is not enabled until the conditions are met. To enable this algorithm, original MR is required for the BSC. [Filter Parameter A1~A8] Value Range: 0~20 Default Value: 10 Description: Filter Parameter A1~A8 and Filter Parameter B work together to decide whether the rapid drop of the receive level must be reflected in one or multiple MRs. The conditions to trigger a rapid level dropping handover are as follows; In the algorithm above, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 indicate the uplink receive levels of the last eight MRs in the queue. Filter Parameter A1~A8 must meet the following conditions: A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8=80. For example, if you want to reflect the rapid drop of the cell level in a MR, you can set A3-A8 to greater than 10, A1 to 0, and A2 to 20. [Filter Parameter B] Value Range: 0~200 Default Value: 0 Description: This is one of the parameters that determine whether a handover is required due to fast dropping levels.This parameter indicates the drop trend of the receive level within a period. The greater the parameter B is, a more rapid level drop is required for triggering a rapid level dropping handover.See Filter Parameter A1-A8. [Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 10
Description: The parameter indicates the uplink receive level threshold of an edge handover. An edge handover will be triggered if the uplink receive level is constantly lower than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh." for a period longer than Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s). If PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be lowered. If PBGT handover is disabled, this parameter must be properly specified to avoid overlapping coverage and channel interference. This parameter should be adjusted based on the performance statistics and actual networks to achieve uplink-downlink balance. Remarks: Edge handover uplink/downlink receive level threshold < Uplink/downlink signal strength lower limit of HUAWEI II power control
N-76
BQ(Bad Quality) HO
Begin No Is [BQ HO Allowed] Yes ? Yes No
UL_Rx_Q(s)>=[UL Qual. Threshold](s) or DL_Rx_Q(s) >=[DL Qual. Threshold](s)?
Select the cell with the highest priority in the cadidate cell list Yes No No
End
serving cell?
Page76
When the receiving level of a MS or a BTS is lower than the quality threshold, bad quality handover will be triggered. Triggering condition
UL receiving quality >= UL Qual. Threshold OR DL receiving quality >= DL Qual. Threshold For AMR call, the quality threshold is DL/UL Qual. Limit AMR FR/HR
Restriction
Prefer neighboring cell. If the number of neighboring cell is more than one, it is required that RX_LEV_DL (n) > RX_LEV_DL (s) + Inter-cell HO hysteresis - BQ HO Zone If there is no neighboring cell, handover can occur to the service cell, and the channel at different frequency band, different MA, different TRX or different channel (from left to right) is preference.
N-77
Data Configuration of BQ HO
Page77
[BQ HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether a Bad Quality (BQ) handover is allowed. BQ handover is triggered when Bit Error Ratio (BER) over uplink/downlink channels is higher than the triggering threshold. If BER rises, or signal strength drops, suspect that the signal power is low or channel interference increases. Remarks: Inter-cell BQ handover is preferentially performed. If no target cell is available, intra-cell BQ handover can be implemented in the serving cell if intra-cell handovers are allowed. [DL Qual. Threshold] Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0~7) 10) Default Value: 60 Description: This parameter indicates the downlink receive quality threshold of triggering an emergency handover. When the receive quality of the downlink is greater than DL Qual Threshold, an emergency handover is triggered. When frequency hopping or DTX of the cell is enabled, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 70. When an emergency handover is triggered, inter-cell handover takes priority. An intra-cell handover, however, is triggered if no candidate cell is available and intra-cell handovers are allowed. [UL Qual. Threshold] Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0~7)10) Default Value: 60 Description: This parameter indicates the uplink receive quality threshold of triggering an emergency handover. When the receive quality of the uplink is greater than UL Qual Threshold, an emergency handover is triggered due to bad quality. When frequency hopping or DTX of the cell is enabled, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 70.When an emergency handover is triggered, inter-cell handover takes priority. An intra-cell handover, however, is triggered if no candidate cell is available and intra-cell handovers are allowed.
N-78
Data Configuration of BQ HO
Page78
[DL/UL QuaLimitAMRFR] Value Range: 0~70 Default Value: 65 Description: This parameter indicates the urgent switchover downlink/uplink quality control for the AMR FR service. The values of this parameter match quality levels 0-7 multiplying 10. The urgent switchover is triggered only when the downlink/uplink receiving quality of the MS is greater than the switchover threshold, that is, the receiving quality is poor. [DL/UL QuaLimitAMRHR] Value Range: 0~70 Default Value: 60 Description: This parameter indicates the urgent switchover downlink quality control for the AMR HR service. The values of this parameter match quality levels 0-7 multiplying 10. The urgent switchover is triggered only when the downlink receiving quality of the MS is greater than the switchover threshold, that is, the receiving quality is poor.
N-79
Data Configuration of BQ HO
Page79
[BQ HO Margin] Value Range: 0~127 (-64 dB to +63 dB) Default Value: 69 Description: A Margin in BQ handover algorithm used to judge whether to perform BQ handover. When BQ Handover Allowed is set to Yes and Inter-cell HO Hysteresis > "Inter-cell HO Hysteresis-BQ HO Margin", the Inter-cell HO Hysteresis will act instead of the BQ HO Margin. When "Inter-cell HO Hysteresis-BQ HO Margin" is assigned with a value smaller than 64, MS can hand over to a lower level neighboring cell. 69 for popular urban areas, 72 for suburbs. Remarks: If the data is updated from M900/M1800 BSC to HUAWEI BSC6000,the default value of this parameter is 5.Then it's necessary to modify the value of this parameter to 69,otherwise the BQ HO algorithm will be invalid.
N-80
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
Emergency HO No DL MR HO
Handover Judgment
TA HO Interference HO Rx_Level_Drop HO
Handover Implementation
Bad Quality HO
Page80
N-81
Page81
N-82
Yes
Yes A Yes Any idle TCH Available in OL? Yes Assign TCH in OL
A:
RX_LEV_OL>= [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)](o) and RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >[Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)] Attention: RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency band and layer with underlaid subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm If [ATCBHoSwitch] is [Close], the second condition is turn off.
Page82
N-83
Page83
[ATCBHoSwitch] Value Range: Close, Open Default Value: Open Description: The switch of the ATCB handover algorithm. [Assignment Optimization of UL Subcell Allowered Or Not] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the access request originated in the underlaid subcell is preferably assigned between overlaid subcell cell and underlaid subcell cell according to the Out Cell Low Load Thred. [UL Subcell General OverLoad Threshold(%)] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 80 Description: If the ratio of underlaid subcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, some calls in the underlaid subcell are handed over to the overlaid subcell. Moreover, calls originated in the underlaid subcell are preferably assigned to the channel in overlaid subcell.
N-84
Page84
[Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB)] Value Range:0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 10 Description: This parameter indicates the distance between the overlaid subcell and underlaid subcell. The value of this parameter is comparative. The greater the value is, the longer the distance is. The enhanced dual-band network handover algorithm refers to the boundary between underlaid subcell and overlaid subcell based on the comparative value of signal strength of serving cell and neighboring cell. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If SS(s) is equal to SS(n), the cell is in the underlaid subcell boundary. If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB), the cell is in the overlaid subcell. [Incming OL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 30 Description: This parameter indicates the lowest threshold of overlaid subcell level of the handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell. When the MS receive level is higher than the value of this parameter, the BSC allows the handover of overlaid subcell cell.
N-85
No
Yes
Cell load of UL< [UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold](u)? Yes Assign TCH in OL
No
No
No
Page85
N-86
Page86
[UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%)] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 50 Description: If the underlaid subcell channel occupancy ratio is smaller than the value of this parameter, some calls of the overlaid subcell is handed over to the underlaid subcell. Moreover, the MS that requests for the overlaid subcell channel is preferably assigned to the underlaid subcell channel. [Assignment Optimization of OL Subcell Allowered Or Not] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether the channel request in the overlaid subcell is preferably assigned between overlaid subcell and underlaid subcell according to the Out Cell Low Load Thred.
N-87
OL to UL for moving
Page87
There are three kinds of handover for enhanced dual band network: UL to OL for high load in UL OL to UL for moving OL to UL for low load in UL
N-88
Page88
The order of handover is from the MS who is near the OL to the MS who is far away from OL.
N-89
No
End
Yes
Cell load of OL>= [Inner Cell Serious Overload Threshold(%)](o)?
Yes
No
Refresh cell load per second
Yes B-C
No B
No
Yes No
A & Satisfy P/N & not within penalty time?
Adjust HO zone basing on HO step and HO period Any MS in HO zone? Yes Trigger UL to OL No
Yes
A:
RX_LEV_OL >= [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)] (o)and RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) > [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)] Page89
B=[UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)] C=[Modified Step Length of UL Load HO Period(s)] HO step: [Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO(dB)] HO zone: [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)]~-47dBm HO Period: [UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)]
N-90
Page90
[UL Subcell General OverLoad Threshold(%)] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 80 Description: If the ratio of underlaid subcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, some calls in the underlaid subcell are handed over to the overlaid subcell. Moreover, calls originated in the underlaid subcell are preferably assigned to the channel in overlaid subcell. [UL Subcell Serious OverLoad Threshold(%)] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 90 Description: If the ratio of the underlaid cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, the period of handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell is reduced by the value of Out Cell Load HO Modify Step every second based on the value of Out Cell Load Classification HO Period. Thus the handover from underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell speeds up. [Load HO From UL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: When the ratio of underlaid subcell channel occupancy is high, whether some calls in the overlaid subcell are allowed to be handed over to the overlaid subcell. [Incming OL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 30 Description: This parameter indicates the lowest threshold of overlaid subcell level of the handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell. When the MS receive level is higher than the value of this parameter, the BSC allows the handover of overlaid subcell cell.
N-91
Page91
[UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the period of the hierarchical handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell. When the ratio of underlaid subcell cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred, all the calls in the cell request for handover at the same time. The BSC load is sharply increased. Thus the call may drop because the target cell is congested. Therefore the algorithm of hierarchical handover is applied to hand over the calls in the cell hierarchically to the overlaid subcell.This parameter indicates the time duration of every hierarchical handover.
[Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the level step of the hierarchical handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell.
[Modified Step Lenghth of UL Load HO Period(s)] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 1 Description: If underlaid subcell load is higher than the value of Out Cell Serious OverLoad Thred, the period of handover from underlaid subcell cell to overlaid subcell cell is shortened by the value of Out Cell Serious OverLoad Thred every second based on the value of the Out Cell Load classification HO Period.
[Total Number of ] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: P/N criterion: In P measurement reports, N measurement results meet handover requirements. Handover is started. This parameter indicates the P in P/N criterion.
[Satisfy Condition Time] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 4 Description: P/N criterion: In P measurement reports, N measurement results meet handover requirements. Handover is started. This parameter indicates the N in P/N criterion.
N-92
No
Yes
RX_LEV_OL < RX_LEV_UL
No End
N-93
Page93
[Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB)] Value Range:0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 10 Description: This parameter indicates the distance between the overlaid subcell and underlaid subcell. The value of this parameter is comparative. The greater the value is, the longer the distance is. The enhanced dual-band network handover algorithm refers to the boundary between underlaid subcell and overlaid subcell based on the comparative value of signal strength of serving cell and neighboring cell. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If SS(s) is equal to SS(n), the cell is in the underlaid subcell boundary. If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB), the cell is in the overlaid subcell. [Distance Hysterisis Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcell(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 2 Description: To prevent ping-pong handover, the BSC determines whether the handover of the MS from overlaid subcell cell to underlaid subcell cell based on the value of this parameter. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is smaller than the value of Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary - Distance Hyst Between Out And Inn Cell boundary, the MS handover from overlaid subcell cell to underlaid subcell cell is allowed. [Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 25 Description: This parameter indicates the lowest threshold of overlaid subcell level of the handover from overlaid subcell to underlaid subcell. When the MS receive level is lower than the value of this parameter, the BSC allows the handover from overlaid subcell cell to underlaid subcell. [Total Number of ] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: P/N criterion: In P measurement reports, N measurement results meet handover requirements. Handover is started. This parameter indicates the P in P/N criterion. [Satisfy Condition Time] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 4 Description: P/N criterion: In P measurement reports, N measurement results meet handover requirements. Handover is started. This parameter indicates the N in P/N criterion.
N-94
Page94
The order of handover is from the MS who is near the UL to the MS who is far away from UL.
N-95
End
Adjust HO zone basing on HO step and HO period Any MS in HO zone? Yes The object cell must be the underlaid subcell and satisfy condition A No
Trigger OL to UL
HO zone: [Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)](o) ~ -47dBm HO step: [Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO(dB)](o) A: RX_LEV_UL >= Inter-layer HO Threshold(u) + Inter-layer HO Hysteresis(o->u) Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page95
N-96
Page96
[Out Cell Low Load Thred] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 50 Description: If the underlaid subcell channel occupancy ratio is smaller than the value of this parameter, some calls of the overlaid subcell is handed over to the underlaid subcell. Moreover, the MS that requests for the overlaid subcell channel is preferably assigned to the underlaid subcell. [Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enable] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether the load handover from overlaid subcell to underlaid subcell is allowed. [OL Subcell Load Diversity HO Period(s)] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value:10 Description: This parameter indicates the period of the hierarchical handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell.When the ratio of overlaid subcell cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred, all the calls in the cell request for handover at the same time. The BSC load is sharply increased. Thus the call may drop because the target cell is congested. Therefore the algorithm of hierarchical handover is applied to hand over the calls in the cell hierarchically to the underlaid subcell.This parameter indicates the time duration of every hierarchical handover. [Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the level step of the load handover from overlaid subcell to underlaid subcell.
N-97
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
Emergency HO No DL MR HO
Handover Judgment
TA HO Interference HO Rx_Level_Drop HO
Handover Implementation
Bad Quality HO
Page97
N-98
Load HO
Handover triggering zone Load of Serving Cell [Load HO Threshold] [Load Req. on Candidate Cell] Load of Neighboring Cell
Time
Normal Cell
Congested Cell
Congested Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
Page98
N-99
Load HO
As load HO may trigger several HOs, we need to consider the CPU load (system flow level) before triggering it. In addition, load HO is executed step by step, that is, the edge HO thrsh. raises according to certain step and period and will stop when out of the Load HO Zone.
Page99
A handover band is defined in load handover, in the range of edge handover threshold ~ edge handover threshold + load handover bandwidth. The handover band itself is divided into multiple equalized handover step sizes, MS (falling within edge handover threshold + N*handover step sizes) are handover to adjacent cells one by one from low to high. Once load of the serving cell decreases (as lower than the load handover start threshold) or load of the adjacent cell increases to a certain extent (as higher than the load handover received threshold), the handover stops. Load handover is an emergency measure, which mainly applicable to abnormal traffic peak in part of the radio network. It should not be used as the major means to solve the traffic congestion problem. If load handover always occurs to some area of a network, TRX re-configuration and network topology re-design is the right way. Related parameters: Handover - [Load handover table] System flux Thrsh. for load HO Load HO Thrsh. Load HO Req. on candidate cell Load handover bandwidth (dB) Load HO step level (dB) Load HO step period (second)
N-100
Load HO
Normal Cell
Congested Cell
Page100
N-101
Load HO
Begin No [Load HO Allowed] (s) Yes ? Yes
Current system flux<= [System Flux Threshold for Load HO](s)?
Select the cell with the highest priority in the cadidate cell list serving cell? No Yes No C&D Yes End Yes No Suitable cell exist? Yes C Yes Trigger load handover BSC internal cell? No No Yes
End
No No
Yes
Load of service cell >= [Load HO Threshold](s)?
No
Star timer T
No
A= T ( + 1) Step Period No
B
C: RX_LEV (n)>= [Inter-layer HO Threshold](n) + [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](s->n) D: load(n)< Load Req. on Candidate Cell(n) Step: [Load HO Step Level](s) Period: [Load HO Step Period](s)
[Load HO Bandwidth] 1) Period Step
Page101
Triggering condition
The CPU load of system <= System Flux Threshold for Load HO The load of service cell >= Load HO Threshold The DL receiving level is in the load HO zones
Restriction
It is not available with SDCCH.
N-102
Page102
[Load HO Bandwidth] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 25 Description: Together with Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold, this parameter indicates whether a load handover is allowed. Only when the receive level of the serving cell is within the range of (Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold, Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold + Load HO bandwidth), a load handover is allowed. [Load HO Step Period] Value Range:1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 10 Description: This parameter indicates the period required for each level of load handover. When the load of the cell is equal to or greater than the Load HO Thrsh, all connections in the cell may send handover requests simultaneously, thus leading to sudden increase of CPU load and possible call drops when the target cell is congested. Therefore, these requests are divided into steps based on the receive strength. [Load HO Step Level] Value Range: 1~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the bandwidth of each step during level-based load handover. In a layer load handover, starting from the Downlink Edge Handover Threshold, the upper limit of the load handover band of increases by a Layer Load Handover Step every one Layer Load Handover Period. Go on like this, all calls whose receive levels are between Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold and Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold + Load HO bandwidth in the current serving cell are switched out through level by level handover. Remarks: This parameter must be less than Load HO Bandwidth.
N-103
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Penalty Processing Ranking Processing Enhanced Dual Band HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO MS Fast Moving HO Layer HO PBGT HO Concentric Cell HO AMR HO
MR. Preprocessing
Emergency HO No DL MR HO
Handover Judgment
TA HO Interference HO Rx_Level_Drop HO
Handover Implementation
Bad Quality HO
Page103
N-104
Edge Handover
RX_Lev
Handover Triggering
RX_LEV Thr
Time
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
Page104
As a MS moves to the edge of a cell, when the receiving level of MS or BTS is lower than the edge handover threshold, handover is triggered in order to look for a better serving cell.
N-105
Edge HO
Begin No [Fringe HO Allowed](s) Yes ? Yes
UL_Rx_Lev(s) < [Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshod](s)?
Select cell(n) whose 16 bit priority is higher than serving cell and whose level satifys P/N rule(n) basing on A No
No
Satisfy P/N rule(s)?
No
DL_Rx_Lev(s) < [Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshod](s)?
Yes
End
No
No
Satisfy P/N rule(s)?
Yes
Page105
Triggering condition
The DL receiving level < Edge HO DL RX_LEV Thrsh. OR The UL receiving level < Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh. Satisfying P/N rule
N-106
[Edge HO UL/DL RX-LEV Threshold]<[UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold] in HWII/III power control tabel
Should be lower than the[Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)] in enhance dual band data table
Page106
[Fringe HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether a fringe handover is allowed. A fringe handover is used to prevent call drops in cell edges and initiated when the downlink level in the serving cell is lower than Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold or the uplink level in the serving cell is lower than Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold. Remarks: To implement fringe handover, the comprehensive sequence of the target cell must be higher than that of the serving cell. [Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value:10 Description: The parameter indicates the uplink receive level threshold of an edge handover. An edge handover will be triggered if the uplink receive level is constantly lower than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh." for a period longer than Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s). If PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be lowered. If PBGT handover is disabled, this parameter must be properly specified to avoid overlapping coverage and channel interference. This parameter should be adjusted based on the performance statistics and actual networks to achieve uplink-downlink balance.
25: urban areas without PBGT handover 20: suburbs with a single BTS 20: urban areas with PBGT handover
Remarks: Edge handover uplink/downlink receive level threshold < Uplink/downlink signal strength lower limit of HW-II/III power control [Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 20 Description: The parameter indicates the downlink receive level threshold of an edge handover. An edge handover will be triggered if the downlink receive level is lower than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh." for a period longer than Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s). If PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be lowered. If PBGT handover is disabled, this parameter must be properly specified to avoid manual overlapping coverage and channel interference. This parameter should be adjusted based on the performance statistics and actual networks to achieve uplink-downlink balance. Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
30: Urban areas without PBGT handover 25: Suburbs with a single BTS
N-107
Page107
[Edge HO Watch Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the period when uplink/downlink receive levels are measured to determine whether an edge handover is triggered. [Edge HO Valid Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 2 Description: To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the uplink or downlink should constantly remain lower than their corresponding edge handover thresholds within Edge HO Watch Time(s). This parameter indicates this duration. [Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the period when uplink/downlink receive levels are measured to determine whether an edge handover neighbor cell is triggered. [Edge HO AdjCell Valid Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 2 Description: During the edge handover continuance time, the UL/DL receive level should remain higher than the corresponding UL/DL edge handover threshold for a period. This parameter indicates the period.
N-108
Page108
[Inter-cell HO Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: Levels Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the handover hysteresis between adjacent cells of the same layer. The purpose of setting this parameter is to reduce the "Ping-Pong" handovers. The value of this parameter is invalid if cells are not on the same layer.4 dB populous urban areas and 8 dB for suburbs.
N-109
MS Fast-Moving Handover
Time Handover Triggering Time Threshold
Cells Number
P/N
P: Watch Cells N: Valid Cells Umbrella Cell Micro Cell
Page109
The condition of MS Fast-Moving Handover is that a MS is moving fast (for example moving on a highway), and the area is covered by two layers, that is micro cell and macro cell. MS Fast-Moving Handover is mainly used to solve the handover of MS during fastmoving, that is to say, to avoid MS handover to the micro cell to increase handover time and signaling flow, thereby increase service quality MS Fast-moving time ThrshIf the time used by MS to pass this cell is less than this threshold, it means that MS passes the cell quickly. MS Fast-moving watch cells P The total number of cells for judging whether a MS is fast moving or not. MS Fast-moving valid cells N Total N of actual cells that MS fast passes. When N equal to or more than P cells that MS lately passes are fast passing ones, the fast moving handover algorithm will be started.
N-110
MS Fast-Moving Handover
Begin No [MS Fast Moving HO Allowed](s) Yes ? Yes Yes the serving cell on layer 4? No Refresh timer(s) No Yes Select the neighbor cell with the highest priority & on the 4th layer & satisfy RX_LEV(n)>= [Inter-layer HO threshold](n) + [Inter-layer HO hysterisis](s->n)
End
Satisfy P / N rule?
No
Yes
Page110
Triggering condition
MS moves through P cells (watch cells), and the speed for Q cells (valid cells) among these p cells is fast The layer of service cell must be less than four
N-111
Page111
[MS Fast Moving HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether a fast moving handover is allowed. The fast moving handover enables a fast moving MS to hand over rapidly to a macro cell, thus reducing handovers. It is recommended that this algorithm be applied only to special areas, such as highways, to reduce the CPU load.
[MS Fast-moving Watch Cells] Value Range:1~10 Default Value:3 Description: During the moving, the MS passes P micro cells. According to the P/N rule, when the MS fast crosses N ones among the P micro cells, the BSC starts to trigger a fast-moving micro cell handover. Remarks: If this parameter is excessively high, it is difficult to reduce the system load effectively. If this parameter is excessively low, the judgment is inaccurate. [MS Fast-moving Valid Cells]
Value Range: 1~10 Default Value: 2 Description: Suppose that the actual number of the micro cells that the MS fast crosses is N. According to the P/N rule, when the MS fast crosses N ones among the P micro cells, a fast moving handover is triggered by the BSC when this parameter satisfies the required conditions. [MS Fast-moving Time Threshold] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 15 Description: This parameter indicates the threshold for judging whether an MS moves fast across a cell. The threshold is obtained based on the cell radius and specified velocity. If the time for crossing a cell is lower than this threshold, the MS is regarded as moving fast. Remarks: Conditions for triggering of Huawei. No Spreading Without Confidential Information fast-moving handover are as follows:
Permission
The serving cell does not belong to level-4. The optimum target cell does belong to level-4. A neighboring cell has a macro cell
N-112
Layer HO
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
Page112
The goal of layer handover is to control the destination cell of handover more flexibly, make a MS hand over to the most reasonable cell to reduce the occurrence of latter handover in order to save all kinds of system resources, and also effectively increase handover successful ratio, reduce call drop during handover, improve voice quality and service level.
N-113
Layer HO
Begin [Level HO Allowed](s) Yes ? Yes Any neighbor cell exit? Yes 16 bit value(n)< 16 bit value(s)? Yes A & ( layer(n)< layer(s) or level(n)<level(s) )? Yes
Satisfy P/N rule(n)?
No
No
End
No
No
No
Page113
Triggering condition
The layer or level of object cell is lower than that of the service cell RX_LEV_DL of the object cell >= Inter-layer HO threshold + Inter-layer HO hysteresis Satisfying P/N rule
N-114
Page114
[Level HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether the layer level handover is allowed.An Inter Layer HO is realized by setting different layers and levels for the cells. It is used to guide the traffic to the cell that has a high priority. When this parameter is set to Yes, traffic is routed to a cell with a higher priority. Remarks: The lower the layer is, the higher the priority is. The higher the level is, the lower the priority is. Layer level handover is not implemented when the comprehensive sequence (including basic sequence and network sequence) of the serving cell is the highest or when the level of the target cell is not greater than the Inter-layer HO Threshold.
[Layer HO Watch Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 3 Description: Compare the candidate cells that are better than the current serving cell so as to decide whether to trigger a layer handover. This parameter indicates the duration to make the decision. [Layer HO Valid Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 2 Description: If a cell is ranked 1 of the candidate cells for a whole segment of measurement period, this cell is called the best cell.
N-115
Page115
[Inter-layer HO Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 Default Value: 25 Description: In BSC handover algorithm, the M criterion is used to rank the handover candidate cells. The M criterion includes 16 bits. This parameter is one bit of the 16 bits and it affects the rank of a candidate cell. When the downlink level of a cell is lower than this threshold, the cell takes low priority as far as comprehensive sequence is concerned. Remarks: Make sure that the receive level of the destination cell is higher than this threshold in inter-layer handover or load handover. Otherwise, the MS may be handed from a cell with heavy load and high level (high priority cell) to a cell with light load and low level (low priority cell), thus leading to call drops. [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~63 Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the hysteresis of an inter-layer or inter-priority handover. It is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a serving cell = Inter-layer HO Threshold - Interlayer HO hysteresis Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a neighboring cell = Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO hysteresis
N-116
Page116
[Inter-layer HO Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 Default Value: 25 Description: In BSC handover algorithm, the M criterion is used to rank the handover candidate cells. The M criterion includes 16 bits. This parameter is one bit of the 16 bits and it affects the rank of a candidate cell. When the downlink level of a cell is lower than this threshold, the cell takes low priority as far as comprehensive sequence is concerned. Remarks: Make sure that the receive level of the destination cell is higher than this threshold in inter-layer handover or load handover. Otherwise, the MS may be handed from a cell with heavy load and high level (high priority cell) to a cell with light load and low level (low priority cell), thus leading to call drops. [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~63 Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the hysteresis of an inter-layer or inter-priority handover. It is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a serving cell = Inter-layer HO Threshold - Interlayer HO hysteresis Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a neighboring cell = Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO hysteresis
N-117
PBGT HO
Path Loss (dB) PBGT HO 5 Threshold
Handover Triggering
Time
P/N
126-119=7dB>5dB
126dB
119dB
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
Page117
In areas with densely distributed cells, the actual radio coverage range has become far larger than the distance between BTS. If MS keeps the conversation within a cell, it will not be effectively handed over to a nearby cell with low transmission power and that will lead to over shooting, thus increasing the interference of radio environment and complicating network planning and optimization. To solve this problem, Huawei develops PBGT handover algorithm that is based on path loss. PBGT handover algorithm is intended for the handover based on path loss, in real time, it seeks a cell with lower path loss and meeting certain system requirements, and judges whether its necessary to perform handover.
N-118
PBGT HO
Begin [PBGT HO Allowed] (s)Yes ? Yes current channel signaling channel? No Search next neighborcell No No layer(n)=layer(s)& level(n)=level(s)? Yes Path loss (s) Path loss (n) >PBGT HO Threshold(s->n) Yes Refresh timer(s)
Satisfy P / N rule?
No
Yes
End
No
NOTES: whichever the greater of the [inter-cell HO hysteresis] and [PBGT HO threshold], that value will be used in the PBGT HO.
Page118
Triggering condition
The layer and level of the object cell are the same as those of the service cell. Path loss (service cell) Path loss (neighbor cell) > PBGT HO Threshold Satisfying P/N rule
Restriction
It is not available with SDCCH.
N-119
Page119
[PBGT HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether a POWER BUDGET (PBGT) handover is allowed.Based on path loss, PBGT handover is used to search for a desired cell in real time and to judge whether handover is performed. The cell must provide less path loss and meet other requirements.To avoid ping-pong handovers, PBGT handover applies to only cells of the same level on the same layer and is triggered only over TCH. On a SDCCH, it is not allowed to trigger a PBGT handover.Proper use of PBGT handover helps to reduce over-cell coverage and co-channel interference. [PBGT Watch Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 3 Description: This parameter indicates the period when the path losses of neighboring cells are measured. Thus, operators can determine whether a PBGT handover is triggered. PBGT Valid Time(s) Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 2 Description: This parameter indicates the period that satisfies PBGT handover.
N-120
Page120
[PBGT HO Threshold] Value Range: 0~127 (-64 dB to +63 dB) Default Value: 68 Description: A threshold in PBGT handover algorithm used to judge whether to perform PBGT handover. When PBGT Handover Allowed is set to Yes and Inter-cell HO Hysteresis > PBGT HO Thresh., the Inter-cell HO Hysteresis will act instead of the PBGT HO Thresh. When this parameter is assigned with a value smaller than 64, MS can hand over to a lower level neighboring cell. 68 for popular urban areas, 72 for suburbs. Remarks: When PBGT handover is enabled, and Inter-cell HO Hysteresis > PBGT HO Thresh, the Inter-cell HO hysteresis instead of the PBGT HO Thresh works. PBGT HO Thresh must be adjusted as per handover performance statistic result and actual network.
N-121
Concentric Cell
Purposes
Maximize coverage area Reduce interference and improve frequency reuse density
Construction methods
Different combiner loss Different propagation loss Modify the transmission power of TRX, the down tilt of antennas, etc. By HO parameters
Overlaid Underlaid
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page121
N-122
Page122
There are two kinds of concentric cell handover: Normal concentric cell handover Enhance concentric cell handover The difference of these two handovers is that enhance concentric cell handover takes into account the cell load of underlaid.
N-123
Page123
[Concentric Circles HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: The parameter indicates whether a concentric cell handover is allowed. A concentric cell handover is implemented to achieve mass coverage in the underlaid subcell and tight frequency reuse in the overlaid subcell, thus improving the system capability and service performance. A concentric cell handover consists of inward handover and outward handover. [Enhenced Concentric Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether a enhenced concentric circle handover is allowed.
While the Enhanced Concentric Cell Allowed is set as "Yes", compare the receive level of the MS with O to U HO Receive Level Threshold and U to O HO Receive Level Threshold to decide whether to trigger an O to U HO or a U to O HO. While the Enhanced Concentric Cell Allowed is set as "No", compare the receive level of the MS with RX_LEV Threshold so as to decide whether to trigger an enhanced concentric cell HO. It is required to consider the load of the UL when deciding whether to trigger a U to O HO.
N-124
underlaid
Receiving Level Threshold Receiving Level Hysteresis Receiving Qaulityl Threshold
overlaid
TA Threshold TA Hysteresis
Page124
An illustration of how to define the border between the underlaid and the overlaid.
N-125
U to O
O to U
Page125
N-126
Yes
Yes
End
No
No
No
No
No
No
End
Page126
N-127
With Penalty Time ? No [RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed] Yes? No [RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed] Yes? No [TA for UO HO Allowed] Yes? No No P/N rule? Yes Trigger UL to OL
End Rx_Dl_Level >= [RX_LEV Threshold] + [RX_LEV Hysteresis] Yes Rx_Dl_Qual<= [RX_QUAL Treshold]? No
No End
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Page127
N-128
Page128
[UL to OL HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether an underlay (UL) to overlay (OL) handover is allowed. [OL to UL HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether an OL to UL handover is allowed. [RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive level is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover. [RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: The default value is generally set to Yes. When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to No. Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive quality is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover. [TA for UO HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the TA is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover.
N-129
Page129
[UO Signal Intensity Difference] Value Range: 0~63 Default Value: 0 Description: This parameter indicates the signal intensity compensation between the overlaid and underlaid subcells. It equals the sum of power difference between overlaid and underlaid power amplifiers, insertion loss difference between combiners, path loss difference caused by antennas, and path loss difference caused by frequencies.The parameter is invalid when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed. [RX_LEV Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 35: This parameter is greater than the sum of fringe handover threshold and UO signal intensity difference. 0: The cell is a dual-timeslot extended cell. 40: The cell is a mixed cell. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. It is invalid when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.When Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. [RX_LEV Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 5 When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to 0.DescriptionThis is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. It is invalid when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.When Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. [RX_QUAL Threshold] Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0-7) 10) Default Value: The default value is 60, but it is 70 when the cell is a dual-timeslot extended cell. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
N-130
Page130
[TA Threshold] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period denotes 0.55 km) Default Value: 63 Note: TA threshold is not used to distinguish the boundary between overlaid and underlaid subcells. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. Remarks: This parameter must be less than the TA threshold of an emergency handover. When set to 63, this parameter can be used to distinguish the boundary of Underlaid subcell and OverLaid subcell of a dual-slot concentric cell instead of the boundary of a normal concentric cell. [TA Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period corresponds to 0.55 km) Default Value: The default value is generally set to 0. When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to 3. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Concentric Circles HO Allowed is set to No, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Concentric Circles HO Allowed is set to Yes, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. [UO HO Watch Time] Value Range: 0~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the duration during which the BSC counts the duration when the conditions for an concentric cell handover are met to decide whether to trigger a concentric cell handover. [UO HO Valid Time] Confidential Information Value Range: 0~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 4
N-131
underlaid
U to O HO Receiving Level Threshold O to U HO Receiving Level Hysteresis Receiving Qaulityl Threshold
overlaid
TA Threshold TA Hysteresis
Page131
N-132
O to U for moving
Page132
N-133
Yes
Within Penalty Time ? No [RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed] Yes? No [ATCBHoSwitch] Open? No [RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed] Yes? No [TA for UO HO Allowed] Yes? No
Yes
End
No End
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes Current TA<[TA Threshold]- No [TA Hysteresis]? Yes Yes Go to the user selection flow in the next slide
P/N rule?
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >[Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)] RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency band and layer with underlaid subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page133
N-134
No
No B
Yes End
B=[Underlay HO Step Period(s)] HO step: [Underlay HO Step Level] HO period: B-x or B HO zone: begin from -47dBm
Page134
N-135
Begin
No
End
Yes Refresh cell load per second Adjust HO zone basing on HO step and HO period No
No
Yes
HO period: [En Iuo in Cell Load Classification HO Period] HO step: [En Iuo in Cell Load Classification HO Step] HO zone: begin from [OtoU HO Received Level Threshold] to -47dBm
Page135
Criterion for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaid for underlaid low load
Cell load of underlaid < En Iuo Out Cell Low Load Threshold HO Zone is from OtoU HO Received Level Threshold~-47dBm
N-136
Yes
Yes
End
No
[ATCBHoSwitch] Open?
No No
No
No
A Yes
No
No
End
Select the underlaid subcell or the neighbour cell with the highst priority in 16 bits list
Trigger OL to UL
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) < [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)] [Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)] Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page136
N-137
Page137
[ATCBHoSwitch] Value Range: Closed Open Unit: None Default Value: Open Description: The switch of the ATCB handover algorithm. [UL to OL HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether an U to O handover is allowed. [OL to UL HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes DescriptionThis parameter indicates whether an OL to UL handover is allowed. [RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive level is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover. [RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: The default value is generally set to Yes. When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to No. Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive quality is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover. [TA for UO HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the TA is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover.
N-138
Page138
[RX_QUAL Threshold] Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0-7) 10) Default Value: The default value is 60, but it is 70 when the cell is a dual-timeslot extended cell. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. [TA Threshold] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period denotes 0.55 km) Default Value: 63 Note: TA threshold is not used to distinguish the boundary between overlaid and underlaid subcells. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. Remarks: This parameter must be less than the TA threshold of an emergency handover. When set to 63, this parameter can be used to distinguish the boundary of Underlaid subcell and OverLaid subcell of a dual-slot concentric cell instead of the boundary of a normal concentric cell. [TA Hysteresis] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period corresponds to 0.55 km) Default Value: The default value is generally set to 0. When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to 3. Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Concentric Circles HO Allowed is set to No, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Concentric Circles HO Allowed is set to Yes, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
N-139
Page139
[UO HO Watch Time] Value Range: 0~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the duration during which the BSC counts the duration when the conditions for an concentric cell handover are met to decide whether to trigger a concentric cell handover. [UO HO Valid Time] Value Range: 0~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 4 Description: This parameter indicates the duration when the conditions for a concentric cell handover are met within UO HO Watch Time.
N-140
Page140
[OtoU HO Received Level Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 25 Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are codetermined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. [UtoO HO Received Level Threshold] Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 35 Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaid subcells.When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are codetermined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoO HO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. [UtoO Traffic HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No: dual-timeslot cells Yes: other cells Description: This parameter indicates whether the traffic in the underlaid subcell determines the underlaid to overlaid (UL to OL) handover.When this parameter is set to Yes, the handover is allowed only when the traffic in the underlaid cell is equal to or greater than Traffic Threshold of Underlay.When this parameter is set to No, the traffic is not taken into consideration. Remarks: This parameter is valid only when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.
N-141
Page141
[Underlay HO Step Period(s)] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the interval between two grades of level-based handovers. When multiple UL to OL handover requests are initiated simultaneously, it is possible that calls with low level are handed over. This does not conform to the principle that the call with the best quality should be handed over firstly. Thus, level grade-based handover is used to hand over high-level calls with higher priority. Remarks: This parameter is valid only when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed. [Underlay HO Step Level] Value Range: 1~63 (-110 dBm to -47 dBm) Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the length of a grade in level grade-based UL to OL handover. Thus, highlevel calls are handed over with higher priority.After a step period of UL to OL handover, the handover band is decreased by the length of a grade.This parameter and Underlay HO Step Period control the level band of the step-by-step handover from underlaid subcells to overlaid subcells together. The time for the handover band to step down for Underlay HO Step Level is Underlay HO Step Period. Remarks: This parameter is valid only when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.
N-142
Page142
[En Iuo Out Cell Low Load Thred] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 20 Description: If the ratio of the underlaid subcell channel occupancy is smaller than the value of this parameter, some calls in the overlaid subcell are handed over to the underlaid subcell. [En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred] Value Range: 0-100 Unit: % Default Value: 85 Description: If the ratio of the underlaid subcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, some calls in the underlaid subcell are handed over to the overlaid subcell. [En Iuo Out Cell Serious OverLoad Thred] Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 90 Description: If the ratio of the underlaid cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, the period of hierarchical handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell is shorten. That is, the value of Out Cell Load HO Modify Step is reduced every second based on the value of Out Cell Load Classification HO Period. Thus the handover from underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell speeds up. Remarks: The value of this parameter must be greater than that of the En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred. [En Iuo In Cell Load classification HO Period] Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5 Description: When the ratio of overlaid subcell cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of En Iuo Out Cell General OverLoad Thred, all the calls in the cell request for handover at the same time. The BSC load is sharply increased. Thus the call may drop because the target cell is congested. Therefore the algorithm of hierarchical handover is applied to hand over the calls in the cell hierarchically.This parameter indicates the time duration of every hierarchical handover. [En Iuo In Cell Load classification HO Step] Value Range: 0-63 Unit: Db Default Value: 5 Description: This parameter indicates the level step of the hierarchical handover from underlaid subcell to overlaid subcell.
N-143
Page143
[Distance Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcell(dB)] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 10 Description: This parameter indicates the distance between the overlaid subcell and underlaid subcell. The value of this parameter is comparative. The greater the value is, the longer the distance is.The enhanced dual-band network handover algorithm refers to the boundary between underlaid subcell and overlaid subcell based on the comparative value of signal strength of serving cell and neighboring cell. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If SS(s) is equal to SS(n), the cell is in the underlaid subcell boundary. If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary, the cell is in the overlaid subcell. [Distance Hysterisis Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcell] Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 2 Description:To prevent ping-pong handover, the BSC determines whether the handover of the MS from overlaid subcell cell to underlaid subcell cell based on the value of this parameter. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary - Distance Hyst Between Out And Inn Cell boundary, the MS handover from overlaid subcell cell to underlaid subcell cell is allowed.
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
N-144
Immediate Assignment
Assignment
Page144
N-145
Immediate Assignment
The preferred SDCCH channel in two layers is controlled by parameter TA pref. Of Imme-Assign Allowed If "No", system prefers the channel in Underlaid subcell If Yes", system prefers the channel according to in Channel Request message
TA bigger TA smaller
Page145
When TA pref. Of Imme-Assign Allowed is set as Yes, if the TA is larger than the TA Threshold of Imme-Assignment Pref., the underlay cell is assigned first. if the TA is smaller than the threshold, the overlay cell is assigned first.
N-146
Page146
[TA Pref of Imme-Assign Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether access_delay is used in the channel request message for immediate assignment. When this parameter is set to No, a channel in the underlaid subcell is assigned. When this parameter is set to Yes, a channel in the overlaid subcell is assigned if access_delay is less than TA Threshold of Imme-Assign Pref. If not, a channel in the underlaid subcell is assigned. [TA Threshold of Imme-Assign Pref] Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period corresponds to 0.55 km) Default Value: 63: Dual-timeslot extended cells 0: Other cells Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of overlaid cell-based immediate assignment. If TA Pref of Imme-Assign Allowed is set to Yes, the system prefers the channel in overlaid subcell while ACCESS_DELAY is smaller than TA Thrsh. of Imme- Assign pref. Otherwise, the system prefers the channel in Underlaid subcell.
N-147
Assignment
Preferred assignment in the overlay or underlay cell Assign the channel of overlay or underlay cell according to the Rx_level and TA in the measurement report
Page147
The channel of overlay cell is assigned first only when the Rx level on the SDCCH is equal to or larger than the Assign-optimum-level Threshold and the TA is smaller than the TA Threshold of Assignment Pref.. Otherwise, the channel of underlay cell is assigned first to ensure the successful assignment.
N-148
Page148
[Assign Optimum Layer] Value Range: System Optimization, Overlaid Subcell, Underlaid Subcell, No Preference Default Value:
Underlaid Subcell: The cell system is GSM900&DCS1800 and enhanced concentric cell. System Optimization: The cell system is not GSM900&DCS1800.
Description: This parameter indicates the method of TCH assignment a concentric cell.
System Optimization: The system selects the optimum serving layer according to the MR provided through the SDCCH. Underlaid Subcell: Channel assignment in the underlaid subcell has higher priority. Overlaid Subcell: Channel assignment in the overlaid subcell has higher priority. No Preference: No specific instruction is given.
N-149
N-150
overlaid
Overlaid
Underlaid
Page150
If the Rx level is higher than the Rx level threshold, the MS will be handed over to the overderlay cell. Otherwise, the MS will be handed over to the underlay cell
N-151
Page151
[Pref. Subcell in HO of Intra-BSC] Value Range: System Optimization, Overlaid Subcell, Underlaid Subcell, No Preference Default Value: The default value is System Optimization. For a dual-timeslot extended cell or a hybrid cell, the default value is Underlaid Subcell. Description: This parameter indicates the method of channel assignment for intra-BSC handover in a concentric cell.
System Optimization: The BCCH of the target cell is specified in the handover request. Then, the target cell compares only the receive level with RX_LEV Threshold, thus selecting the layer with higher priority. UnderLaid Subcell: Channel assignment in the underlaid subcell has higher priority. OverLaid Subcell: Channel assignment in the overlaid subcell has higher priority. No Preference: Channels are assigned based on routine algorithms.
N-152
Inter-BSC Handover
For the inter-BSC Handover, if the target cell is concentric cell , the channel of underlay cell should be assigned first. BSC1 BSC2
Page152
N-153
Page153
[Incoming-to-BSC HO Optimum Layer] Value Range: Overlaid Subcell, Underlaid Subcell, No Preference Default Value:
Underlaid Subcell (common networks) Overlaid Subcell (dual-frequency networks) Underlaid Subcell (dual-frequency networks with decreasing success rate of handover)
Description: This parameter indicates the method of selecting an optimum layer for an incoming handover. Remarks: The BCCH carrier must be configured in the underlaid subcell. The SDCCH must be configured in the underlaid subcell. Concentric Cell handover is forbidden if both RX-LEV Threshold and RX-LEV Hysteresis (or both TA Threshold and TA Hysteresis) are set to 63. The data configuration for a dualtimeslot extended cell adopts Concentric Cell techniques.
N-154
Yes
No
No
End
Yes
Page154
N-155
Page155
Description: This parameter indicates whether an intra-cell handover is allowed. After an intra-cell handover, the timeslot and TRX that the MS occupies change. Remarks: This parameter does not affect concentric cell handovers and forced handovers. During an AMR handover, an interference handover, and a bad quality handover, an intra-cell handover is unavailable if this parameter is set to No. [Intracell F-H HO Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether the handover between full-rate channels and half-rate channels in the cell is allowed. Only the value of the Intracell HO Allowed is set Yes, this parameter is valid. Only when this parameter is set to Yes, the BSC makes an AMR handover decision. Otherwise, the BSC makes no decision. [Intracell F-H HO State Time(s)] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the time threshold that satisfies full rate to half rate handover. [Intracell F-H HO Last Time] Value Range: 1~16 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the period that satisfies full rate to half rate handover. [F2H HO th] Value Range: 0~39 Unit: dBm Default Value: 25
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of a handover from full rate data TCH (TCHF) to half rate data TCH (TCHH). For AMR calls, intra-cell TCHF to TCHH handover is triggered when TCHF is in use and Radio Quality Indication (RQI) is constantly higher than this threshold. [H2F HO th] Value Range: 0~39 Unit: dBm Default Value: 10
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of TCHH to TCHF handover. For an AMR call, if the current channel is a HR channel and the RQI is constantly lower than H2F HO th within a period, a TCHH to TCHF handover is triggered.
N-156
Page156
[AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes Description: This parameter indicates whether the TCH/H prior function is allowed during the channel assignment. Yesallowed; Noprohibited.
The channel type to be assigned is decided according to the channel types that are allowed by the MSC and the percentage of seized TCHs in the cell. During the channel assignment, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHH Prior channels are required when:
Half rate and full rate channels are allowed to be assigned by the MSC. The AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to Yes. The percentage of seized TCHs in the cell is greater than the value of AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold.
In other cases, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHF Prior channels are required.
[AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold] Value Range: 0~99 Default Value: 40 Description: The channel type to be assigned is decided according to the channel types that are allowed by the MSC and the percentage of seized TCHs in the cell.
During the channel assignment, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHH Prior channels are required when:
Half rate and full rate channels are allowed to be assigned by the MSC. The AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to Yes. The percentage of seized TCHs in the cell is greater than the value of AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold.
In other cases, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHF Prior channels are required.
N-157
General HO Process
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Handover Judgment
Page157
N-158
Handover Implementation
Begin
No
Yes
For BTS
BSC send HO Command to MS
No power control during handover in order to make sure the handover is successful
HO execute
Page158
Value Range: StartUp,not StartUp,None Default Value: not StartUp Description: When the MS is in a corner, the receive level may decrease swiftly. Handover may be triggered. At this time, the BSC cannot adjust the power of the MS and BTS in time. The MS cannot receive the handover command. Thus call drop occurs. So the power boosting is necessary before HO.
N-159
Page159
N-160
Handover Implementation
Begin
No
Yes
For MS
BSC send HO Command to MS
MS will use this predict power in new cell after finishing this handover
No power control during handover in order to make sure the handover is successful
HO execute
Page160
N-161
Page161
[MS Power Prediction after HO] Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No Description: This parameter indicates whether the MS uses the optimum transmit power to access a new channel after the handover. Using the optimum transmit power helps to reduce interference and improve the service performance.
N-162
Page162
UL Expected Level at HO Access Value Range: 0~63(-110 dBm ~ -47 dBm) Unit: dB Default Value: 30 Description: This parameter indicates the expected uplink receive level on a new channel after an MS is handed over to a new cell.This parameter is consistent with UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold in G-II power control.
N-163
Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Classification of HO HO general procedure HO judgment algorithm HO implementation process HO data configuration
Page163
N-164
Thank you
www.huawei.com