Additional Subnetting Materials

Worked Examples:

1. Given the IP Address of 153.122.212.153 and a subnet mask of 28 bits, find the sub network address, the number of host addresses and the subnet mask. Worked Answer: The IP Address is a host address, but does not indicate the subnet to which it belongs. So, finding the subnet is the first task. We are told that the subnet mask has 28 bit, so in binary it is: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 Converting the binary to decimal gives 255.255.255.240 which also gives the last required answer, the subnet mask. Now, if we convert 153.122.212.153 to binary, and then do a boolean and with the subnet mask we will obtain the subnet address. 153.122.212.153 in binary is 10011001.01111010.11010100.10011001 255.255.255.240 in binary is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 Boolean anding gives 10011001.01111010.11010100.10010000 Which in decimal is 153.122.212.144 which is the subnet address Now for the number of hosts. If 28 bits are network bits, then the number of host bits is 4. So the number of usable host addresses are 2^4-2=16-2=14 usable host addresses. These in binary are: 0000 which is unusable as it is the network address 0001 - usable 0010 - usable 0011 - usable 0100 - usable 0101 - usable 0110 usable 0111 - usable 1000 - usable 1001 - usable 1010 - usable 1011 - usable 1100 - usable 1101 - usable 1110 - usable 1111 which is unusable as it is the broadcast address 2. Given the subnet mask of 255.255.255.224 and the host address of 183.250.120.99, find the subnetwork identifier and broadcast address of the subnet for this host. Again begin with what you know. You have a host address and a subnet mask. If you do the Boolean and then you will get the sunbetwork identifier that is, the subnet address. 183.250.120.99 in binary is 10110111.11111010.01111000.01100011 255.255.255.224 in binary is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 Boolean anding gives 10110111.11111010.01111000.01100000 In decimal this is 183.250.120.96 which is the subnet identifier, or the subnet for this host.

The subnet mask has 27 network bits and 5 host bits, so the number of usable hosts is 2^5-2=322=30 hosts per subnet. The broadcast for this subnet has all bits as 1s, so is 11111 in the host portion. This is 31 in decimal. By adding 31 to the network address of 183.250.120.96 you will obtain the broadcast address of 183.250.120.127 for this subnet. 3. Given the subnet mask of 255.255.248.0 and the broadcast address 214.34.135.255, find the subnetwork address and the first host address. This problem is similar to the previous one. Remember that the broadcast address is an address within a subnet. Therefore, again, you need to do a Boolean and using this time the broadcast address and the subnet mask. This will give the subnet address. 214.34.135.255 in binary gives 11010110.00100010.10000111.11111111 255.255.248.0 in binary gives 11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000 Boolean anding gives 11010110.00100010.10000000.00000000 Which in decimal is 214.34.128.0 which is the subnetwork address. The first usable host for this address is 214.34.128.1 4. Given the host address of 189.74.0.212 and a subnet mask with 27 bits, find the sub network address and the broadcast address of this subnet. Once again a Boolean and is required. The host address: 189.74.0.212 in binary is 10111011.01001010.00000000.11010100 and the /27 subnet mask is: 255.255.255.224 in binary 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 Boolean anding gives 10111011.01001010.00000000.11000000 Which is decimal is 189.74.0.192 which is the subnet address. As the subnet mask is /27 there are 5 host bits, so 2^5-2=32-2=30 usable hosts. The 31st host address is therefore the broadcast address, and adding this to the subnetwork address gives 189.74.0.223 as the broadcast address. 5. Given the subnet broadcast of 221.159.255.255 and subnet mask of 255.224.0.0, find the network address for the subnet to which the host belongs. Also give the host range of the network. Again Boolean anding is required. The broadcast address of 221.159.255.255 in binary is 11011101.10011111.11111111.11111111 and the subnet mask of 255.224.0.0 in binary is 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 Boolean anding gives 11011101.10000000.00000000.00000000 Which in decimal is 221.128.0.0 which is the subnet address The host range is determined by the number of host bits, which is the last 21bits. So the first host is in binary 11011101.10000000.00000000.00000001 or in decimal 221.128.0.1 and the last host is in binary 11011101.10011111.11111111.11111110 or 221.159.255.254. This is a possible 2^21-2 host addresses = 2097152-2=2097150 possible host addresses. 6. Given 212.120.210.134 and a subnet mask with 30 bits, find the subnet number and address for the subnet to which the host belongs. Boolean anding the host address with the subnet mask gives 212.120.210.134 in binary 11010100.01111000.11010010.10000110 255.255.255.252 in binary 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 Gives 11010100.01111000.11010010.10000100

In decimal 212.120.210.132 which is the sub network address. The subnet number is determined as follows: The address is a class C address so 212.120.210.0/30 would be the first possible subnet address. The next would be 212.120.210.4/30 the 2nd And then 212.120.210.8/30 the 3rd 212.120.210.12/30 - the 4 th 212.120.210.16/30 the 5th 212.120.210.20/30 6th 212.120.210.24/30 7th Etc until you reach 212.120.210.132/30 which is the subnet for this answer. This would be the 34th address, so the subnet number is 34.