A

PRACTICAL TRAINING SEMINAR REPORT

ON
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Rajasthan technical university, Kota

2012-2013
Guided by:
PROF. MR R.P.SHARMA
H.O.D. MR. MANISH
GUIDE SMT. SURBHI

Submitted by:
Chirag Bohara(09EAYEC010)
ECE (vii sem)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERINGARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH
CENTRE,RICCO INSTITUTIONAL AREA, KUKAS,JAIPUR

[i]

ABSTRACT
Since in new era of electronics (robotics) not only contain a electronics and
communication but also include a various branch like that civil or mechanical
engineering for the body or may be say as chechis of robotics and programming in
various language just like that a assembly or other high level language that are:
C,C++, java etc. that are done on stimulator burned on microcontroller which
knowledge is belong to computer engineering . Optimization technique are also
use to better result of robot which could be a cost effective and give better
operation. Robots are various type they are manual, autonomus, human android
etc. all of robot contain a various sensors to observe the changes in nature and
also detect the obstacle that are come in path that travel by robot.
Since embedded system is primary step to learn the fundamentals of robotics
branch that are include the knowledge of all primary steps to making the robotics
parts such that actuators, control machine, sensors, chechis or power system
which gives energy to robot.
In new era many work are usually done or operated by robots in various field that
are a in space, in military, mining, in also peaceful work.
Since in this field many invention are left.

[ii]

Acknowledgements
I ( Chirag Bohara ) done a training in embedded system which is a key concept or
may be say microcontroller, programming in assembly language, control unit to
control the action of robot .
While the making the various part like a control unit, actuators, driven circuit,
remote for controlling a robot I take a help from several resources that are under
listed:
I would like to appreciate a role of Mr Manoj (kaizen robotics) and Mr Vikas For
their patient during training session.
I would like acknowledge to Prof. R.P. Sharma, Mr Manish Raverkar and Ms
Surbhi gupta that they give their valuable support and valuable time for
completing a training.

[iii]

CONTENTS
Abstractii
Acknowledgementiii
Chapter1. Introduction to robot..1
Chapter2. Sensor 4
2.1 types of sensor4
2.1.1 on the basis of energy detection method..5
2.1.2 on the basis of signal detection techniques.6
Chapter3. linear monolithic IC 324..15
3.1 Features15
3.2 Description .15
Chapter4.T.s.o.p. 1738&timer sensor..17
4.1 T.S.O.P17
4.2 Timer 555 .18
Chapter5.Motor driving IC L293D..
5.1 Features21
5.2 Description..22
Chapter6. Power supplies.
6.1 Types.23
6.2 Transformer24
6.3 Transformer+ Rectifier..25.
6.4 Transformer+ Rectifier+ Smoothing26
6.5 Transformer+ Rectifier+ Smoothing+ Regulator28.
Chapter7. Introduction to collision avoidance system. 30
7.1 What is a collision avoidance system30
7.2Why we use a collision avoidance system..30
7.3 Different type of system31
7.4 Types of system based on functionality..32
[iv]

7.5 Types of system based on their vehicle position34

Chapter 8. working of collision avoidance system..
8.1 Introduction 36
8.2 Block diagram37
8.2.1 Sensor block37
8.2.2 Control unit.37
8.2.3 Actuator...37
Chapter 9. Introduction to line path follower.38
9.1 Component list..41
9.2 Microcontroller.42
Chapter10. Line path follower ..44
10.1 Algorithm...44
10.2 Sensor 45
10.3 Diagrammatical representation of our robot.46
10.4 Coding51
Conclusion.56
Refrence..57

[v]

List of figure
1.1
1.2
1.3

mobile robot2
rolling robot2
walking robot.3

2.1 Infrared Emitter detector8

2.2 LED&LDR sensor..8
2.3 LDR9
2.4 LED10
2.5 IR led.12
2.6 Photo diode.13
3.1 Amplifier..14
3.2 op-amp loop configuration14
3.3 Pin view of LM32416
3.4 Schematic diagram..16
4.1 TSOP1738 sensor17
4.2 Timer 555..18
4.3 Internal view of 555..18
4.4 Astable multivibrator.19
5.1 Block diagram of L293D..22
5.2 pin view of L293D..22
6.1 Block diagram of regulated power supply 23
[vi]

6.2 Transformer..24
6.3 Transformer+ Rectifier..25

6.4 Transformer+ Rectifier+ Smoothing26

6.5 Smoothing27
6.6 Voltage regulator...28
6.7 Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing+ regulator28

7.1 Passive safety system33

7.2 Active safety system..33
8.1 Block diagram of system
9.1 Basic block diagram of line follower..38
9.2 Circuit diagram of line follower40
10.1 single sensor.46
10.2 line follower robot..46
10.3 Line follower circuit diagram.48
10.4 Circuit view..49
10.5 Flow chart.50

[vii]

LIST OF TABLE
2.1 Sensor char5
2.2Sensor based on energy..6
2.3 Sensor parameter.11
2.4 LED colour and LEDs material..11
2.5 Sign polarity12

[viii]