Presentation

Turbine Protective Devices 27-11-2008, @ 11AM & 4PM; Conference Hall

By
K.R.RAO, AGM (C&I)

C&I Division, Triveni Engineering & Industries Ltd., Khatauli.

24 MW
Double Extraction cum Condensate type

C&I Division, Triveni Engineering & Industries Ltd., Khatauli.

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI.

Turbine Protective Devices

Tripping Device Over Speed Trip SOV for remote tripping Casing Expansion Differential Expansion Axial Displacement Bearing Vibrations Bearing Temperatures
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Low Lube Oil Pr. Low Vacuum Hi/Lo Extrn. Pr. Extrn./Exhaust Temp Generator Protection Manual/Remote Trip Casing/Rotor Temp. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI.

Turbine Protective Devices

Tripping Device When ever the turbine is to be tripped , the Governing oil pressure is drained by tripping device. Thus pressure in front of stop valve piston disc and control oil pressure falls, resulting in closure of stop valve and control valves.

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices

OVER SPEED TRIP

MPU-1 >6070 rpm MPU-2 MPU-3

Pro Tech 203

Woodward
Over speed protection

Turbine Trips

Normal speed-5500rpm

The over speed protection is formed by three independent sensors of turbine speed evaluation that act through a selection of the output signal two of three after exceeding a set value of security speed for an immediate impulse for closing of the ESV within less than 30ms.
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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT, KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices Magnetic Pickup

A magnetic pickup consists of a permanent magnet, wrapped with a coil of a few thousands turns of fine enameled copper wire. When discrete ferromagnetic object such as gear teeth or blades are passed through the probes magnetic field, the flux density is modulated. This induces AC voltages in the coil. One complete cycle of voltage is generated for each object passed. The total number of cycles will be a measure of the total rotation, and The frequency of the AC voltage will be directly proportional to the rotational speed of the shaft.
MPU HZ = No. of Teeth X Gear rpm 60

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT, KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices Magnetic Pickup Gap 1.5 VAC

Ferrous Gear

Coil
Magnetic flux

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices Magnetic Pickup

Making and breaking of the flux lines induces an alternating voltage into the coil around the pole piece. Each pulse is represented by a gear tooth passing by the MPU. The impedance of MPU is approximately 220 ohms.

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CONDUCTOR

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices PROXIMITOR

PROXIMITOR

Oscillator Demodulator

Extension Cable

Probe

RF Signal

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices PROXIMITOR (Eddy Current Probe) The mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy using the proximity Transducer system. The interface device used for this system is called a proximitor. It generates a radial frequency(RF) signal using an oscillator circuit. The RF signal is transmitted from the probe coil which creates an RF field around the probe tip. When conductive material is present in the RF field, Eddy currents flow in the surface of that material. Once the probe is close enough to cause eddy currents to flow in a conductive material the RF signal is affected in two ways. 1. 2. Amplitude is minimum, when the Gap is less. Amplitude is maximum, when the Gap is more.

If the target is moving slowly within RF field, the signal amplitude will increase or decrease slowly. Depending on the movement of target, the amplitude increase or decrease slowly or rapidly. This oscillatory movements of the target causes the RF signal to modulate.

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices PROXIMITOR (Eddy Current Probe) This will be convert by demodulator and will give a AC signal (sine wave). If the target is oscillating (gap changing slowly or rapidly), the proximitors output also vary the DC voltage (AC) shown above by a sine wave. If the probe is observing a vibration, the proximitor will provide both a DC (gap) and an AC (vibration) component in the output signal. The frequency response from 0 Hz to 10 kHz.

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices Casing Expansion

This is the measurement of Turbine Casing or Shell moves in relation to a fixed location usually measured with a LVDT (Linear variable differential Transformer). Case expansion is the Thermal growth of the machine case as It expands during machine startup and on line operations. Thermal growth at different rates can cause internal rubbing between rotating and stationary parts of the machine. The case expansion transducer system uses the LVDT to measure the machine Case thermal growth. A rod on the LVDT connects to the machine. As the machine case grows, the rod moves inside the LVDT. This causes a change in the signal in the LVDT.
Range:- 0 ~ 25mm; Trip:- 20mm
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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices

Rotor Expansion
During turbine startup, extra care must be taken to ensure that the case has been properly heated and expanded sufficiently to prevent contact between the rotor and the case. For this Eddy probe transducer will generate a high frequency oscillating RF signals that is sent through the extension cable to the pickup tip. The pickup tip having a wound coil of fine wire, radiates a electromagnetic Field, as the radiated field is bisected by the rotor surface. As the rotor surface moves closer to the pickup tip, a greater amount of eddy currents are created Proportional to the gap between the surface and the pickup tip. The signal sensor contains a demodulator which measure the increase in eddy currents, and generates an equivalent DC voltage proportional to the gap. Rotor Expansion on a turbine is the absolute measurement of the rotor's axial thermal growth with respect to the turbine's foundation.

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices

Differential Expansion
This is very important parameter receiving much attention during turbine startup and warming. This parameter measures how the turbine rotor expands in relation to the turbine shell or casing. The difference between Casing expansion & rotor expansion is called differential expansion. It is the relative measurement of the rotors axial thermal growth with respect to the casing. Differential Expansion on a turbine is the relative measurement of the rotor's axial thermal growth with respect to the case. Casing expansion with respect to turbines foundation. Rotor expansion with respect to turbines foundation. Rotor expansion with respect to the casing is differential expansion Range:- -4mm to 6mm Alarm :- +2.30mm & -1.60mm Trip:+3.00mm & -2.50mm
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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices

Key Phasor A transducer that produces a voltage pulse for each turn of the shaft, called the Key Phasor signal. It produces a voltage pulse once each revolution.
Phase or phase angle, is a measure of the relationship of how one vibration signal relates to another vibration signal and is commonly used to calculate the placement of a balance weight.

This signal is used primarily to measure Shaft rotative speed and serves as a reference for measuring vibration Phase lag angle. The keyphasor transducer is typically a proximity probe. The Keyphasor is a very useful tool when diagnosing machinery problems. The standard scale factor is 200mV/mil or 7.87mV/um
1 mil = 25.4 microns
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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices Rotor Axial Displacement

Y
FRONT

Radial Vibration

Radial Movement Axial Movement 1. 2. Rotor Axial Displacement Radial Vibration

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Sl No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

TAG No KPHZT-600 ZT-601 XT-600 XT-601 XT-602 XT-603 XT-604 XT-605 XT-606 XT-607 XT-608 XT-609 XT-610 XT-611 XT-612 XT-613 XT-614 XT-615 XT-617 XT-619

DESCRIPTION Vibration Monitor-Bentley Nevada Key Phaser Axial Displacement 'X' Axis Axial Displacement 'Y' Axis Rotor Front Bearing 'X' Axis Rotor Front Bearing 'Y' Axis Rotor Rear Bearing 'X' Axis Rotor Rear Bearing 'Y' Axis Gear Box Pinion Bearing 'X' Axis (Tg) Gear Box Pinion Bearing 'Y' Axis (Tg) Gear Box Pinion Bearing 'X' Axis (Altr) Gear Box Pinion Bearing 'Y' Axis (Altr) Gear Wheel Bearing 'X' Axis (Tg) Gear Wheel Bearing 'Y' Axis (Tg) Gear Wheel Bearing 'X' Axis (Altr) Gear Wheel Bearing 'Y' Axis (Altr) Alternator DE Bearing 'X' Axis Alternator DE Bearing 'Y' Axis Alternator NDE Bearing 'X' Axis Alternator NDE Bearing 'Y' Axis Turbine Casing Expansion Turbine Differential Expansion; Towards probe Away from Probe

Alarm xxx +/- .5mm +/- .5mm 120u 120u 120u 120u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 100u 20mm +2.3mm -1.6mm

Trip xxx +/- .8mm +/-.8mm 180u 180u 180u 180u 180u 180u 180u 180u 150u 150u 150u 150u 180u 180u 180u 180u 25mm +3mm -2.5mm 17

TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices Bearing Temperatures Temperature of bearings is a measure of the how hot a bearing is operating. It may be due to overloading, misalignment, improper lubricant pressure and/or flow. Nearly all turbine generator bearings were originally installed with bearing temperature sensors. These sensors may be thermocouples or RTDs. Any bearings that was not originally equipped with temperature sensors can be retro-fitted to accept thermocouples or RTDs.

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TURBINE TRIP- TEMP SR NO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

TAG
OTC200 OTC201 OTC202 OTC204 OTC205 OTC206 OTC208 OTC209 OTC210 OTC212 OTC213 OTC214 ORTD202 ORTD203 ORTD204 ORTD205 ORTD206 ORTD207 ORTD208 ORTD209 ORTD214 ORTD215 ORTD216 ORTD217

DECRIPTION Siemens Governor

TURB THRUST BRG TEMP TOP ACT TURB THRUST BRG TEMP TOP ACT TURB THRUST BRG TEMP BTM ACT TURB THRUST BRG TEMP TOP NEG TURB THRUST BRG TEMP TOP NEG TURB THRUST BRG TEMP BTM NEG TURB BRG TEMP FRONT TURB BRG TEMP FRONT TURB BRG TEMP FRONT TURB BRGTEMP REAR TURB BRGTEMP REAR TURB BRGTEMP REAR GB PENION DE BRG TEMP GB PENION DE BRG TEMP GB PENION NDE BRG TEMP GB PENION NDE BRG TEMP GB WHEEL DE BRG TEMP GB WHEEL DE BRG TEMP GB WHEELN DE BRG TEMP GB WHEEL NDE BRG TEMP GEN FRONT BRG TEMP GEN FRONT BRG TEMP GEN REAR BRG TEMP GEN REAR BRG TEMP

I/O TYPE
T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C T/C RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD

SETPOINT ALARM
110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 100 100 100 100 110 110 100 100 85 85 85 85

TRIP
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 110 110 110 110 120 120 110 110 90 90 90 90

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI.

DCS Temperature
I/O SR NO TAG DECRIPTION TYPE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RTD218 RTD219 RTD220 RTD221 RTD222 RTD223 RTD224 RTD225 RTD226 RTD227 ALT WINDING TEMP-R PHASE ALT WINDING TEMP-Y PHASE ALT WINDING TEMP-B PHASE ALT WINDING TEMP-R PHASE ALT WINDING TEMP-Y PHASE ALT WINDING TEMP-B PHASE HOT AIR TEMP COLD AIR TEMP COLD AIR TEMP HOT AIR TEMP RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD RTD ALARM 120 120 120 120 120 120 80 50 50 80 TRIP 125 125 125 125 125 125 85 55 60 85 SETPOINT

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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI. Turbine Protective Devices

Generator Protection

Bearing and Winding Temperature

Earth fault Protection Reverse/Low Forward Power Over Voltage / Under Voltage Over Frequency / Under Frequency Over Current Differential Neutral displacement Negative phase sequence
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TRIVENI ENGINEERING & INDUSTRIES LTD, COGEN POWER PLANT,KHATAULI.

BY

K.R.RAO, AGM (C&I) Power Plants,

Triveni Engineering & Industries Ltd, Noida (UP).

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