Code No: RR212201 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PRIME MOVERS AND MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) How do you determine the impact of jet when it strikes a fixed flat plate held
normal to the direction of jet.
(b) A jet of water of diameter 5 cm strikes a flat plate held normal to the direction
of jet with a velocity of 28 m / sec. What is the force exerted on the plate if
it is moving at a velocity of 10 m /sec in the direction of the jet. [6+10]

2. (a) Derive the equation for the work done by the impeller of a centrifugal pum.
(b) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 10m at a speed of
1000 rpm. The vanes are curved backward and make an angle of 30 degrees.
The impeller outside diameter is 30 cm and has a width of 5 cm at the outlet.
Determine the discharge if manometric efficiency is 95%. [6+10]

3. Draw the neat diagram of hyperbolic cooling tower and discuss its merits and
demerits. [16]

4. In a certain stage of an impulse turbine, the nozzle angle is 200 with the plane of the
wheel. The mean diameter of the blade ring is 2.8 m and it develops 60 kW at 3000
rev/min. Four nozzles each of 10mm exit diameter expand steam isentropically
from 15 bar and 2500 C to 0.5 bar. The axial thrust is 3.3 N. Calculate

(a) blade angles at entrance and exit of the moving blades

(b) power lost in blade friction
(c) stage efficiency. [16]

5. (a) Explain the working principle of actual gas turbine plant?

(b) Derive the optimum pressure ratio for maximum efficiency of gas turbine power
cycle? [8+8]

6. A 5cmx2.5cm venturimeter with a coefficient of discharge of 0.98 is to be replaced

by an orifice meter having a coefficient of discharge 0.6. If both the meters are
to give the same differential mercury manometer reading for a discharge of 10lit
per second, and the inlet diameter is to remain 5cm, what should the diameter of
orifice be? [16]

7. (a) Explain the principle and working of a piezo-electric accelerometer.

(b) Define mass standard. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the working principle of mechanical torsion meter with neat sketch.

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 1
(b) A shaft transmits a maximum power of 50kW when running at a constant
Speed of 1500rpm. Measurement of torque are made by a pair of strain gauges,
which are bonded on to a specially machined portion of the shaft. Each
gauge has a nominal resistance of R = 120Ohms. Gauge factor F = 2.0 are
connected electrically to the two arms of a half-activated wheetstone-bridge
circuit which is energized with an excitation voltage of 6Volts. If the gauges
have a maximum strain of 0.0015, calculate the shaft diameter the modulus
of elasticity of the shaft material is 200GN/m2 . [8+8]

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PRIME MOVERS AND MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the performance characteristic curves of turbines. Explain with neat
sketches.
(b) A propeller type turbine running at a speed of 35 rpm has inlet and outlet blade
angles 145 degrees and 18 degrees at the mean diameter of 5.2m. Assuming
velocity of flow to be constant and axial flow area to be 28 sq m, find the
discharge, hydraulic efficiency and the specific speed. [8+8]

2. (a) What are the types of reciprocating pumps? Explain in detail.

(b) A single acting reciprocating pump runs at 60 rpm. The diameter of the
plunger is 0.15m and crank radius is 0.25m.The suction pipe is 0.1m in diam-
eter and 5m long. Calculate the maximum permissible value of suction lift if
the separation takes place at 2.6 m of water absolute. [8+8]

3. What are high-pressure boilers? How do they differ in construction and working
principle from ordinary boilers? Explain the advantages gained by employing forced
circulation in these high-pressure boilers. [16]

4. (a) What is the fundamental difference between the operation of impulse and
reaction turbines? Explain with the help of neat sketches.
(b) Steam with a velocity of 100 m/sec enters a single stage impulse turbine. The
mean diameter of turbine rotor is 25 cm and it rotates with speed of 1500 rpm.
The steam flow through the turbine is 12 kg/min. Taking the Co-efficient of
velocity as 0.85,find:
i. the tangential forces on the blades
ii. Power developed by the turbine and
iii. The blade efficiency. [6+10]

5. (a) Explain the reheating gas turbine power cycle?

(b) The minimum and maximum temperature limits in a gas turbine plant are
288 K and 1100 K. The pressure limits are 1 bar and 8 bar. Determine
i. optimum pressure ratio for maximum work
ii. optimum pressure ratio for maximum thermal efficiency? [8+8]

6. With a neat sketch show the general arrangement of the movement magnifying
mechanism as applied to a Bourdon-type pressure guage. Explain with illustrations.
[16]

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 2
7. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the working of piezo-electric pickup used in the
measurement of force.
(b) With a neat sketch explain the working of LVDT- accelerometer. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the working principle of mechanical torsion meter with neat sketch.
(b) A shaft transmits a maximum power of 50kW when running at a constant
Speed of 1500rpm. Measurement of torque are made by a pair of strain gauges,
which are bonded on to a specially machined portion of the shaft. Each
gauge has a nominal resistance of R = 120Ohms. Gauge factor F = 2.0 are
connected electrically to the two arms of a half-activated wheetstone-bridge
circuit which is energized with an excitation voltage of 6Volts. If the gauges
have a maximum strain of 0.0015, calculate the shaft diameter the modulus
of elasticity of the shaft material is 200GN/m2 . [8+8]

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PRIME MOVERS AND MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the working of Francis turbine. Derive the equation for power devel-
oped by the runner.
(b) A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 12m/ sec and is supplied with
water at the rate of 750 litres /sec under a head of 35 m. If the buckets deflect
the jet through an angle of 160 degrees, find the power and the efficiency of
the turbine. Take the coefficient of velocity as 0.98. [10+6]

2. (a) What do you understand by air vessels?

(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a stroke length of 30 cm and a piston
of 125 mm diameter. A 75mm diameter suction pipe of length 5 m is used
against a suction head of 3m. What is maximum speed at which it can be
run without causing separation during suction stroke? Take safe minimum
pressure head of 2m of water absolute and the atmosphere pressure head of
10.23 m of water. [6+10]

3. Explain the terms equivalent evaporation, boiler efficiency, economiser efficiency

and boiler horse power. [16]

4. (a) Describe Rankine cycle and explain how it differs from Carnot cycle.
(b) The outlet area of a nozzle in a simple impulse turbine is 15 cm2 and the
steam leaves the nozzle at 1.5 bar, 0.9 dry and with a velocity of 650 m/sec.
The nozzle are inclined at 200 to the plane of the wheel, the blade speed is
250 m/sec, the blade exit angle is 300 and the blade velocity coefficient is 0.8.
Estimate the power developed and the steam consumption/ kW-hr. [8+8]

5. A gas turbine draws air at atmospheric pressure and 299 K. There are two stages
of compression with an intercooler and the pressure ratio is 8:1 in each stage. The
maximum temperature of the cycle is 800 K. Determine the thermal efficiency and
work ratio if efficiency of turbine and compressor are 0.86 and 0.83 respectively.
[16]

6. With a neat sketch show the general arrangement of the movement magnifying
mechanism as applied to a Bourdon-type pressure guage. Explain with illustrations.
[16]

7. (a) Explain how a proving ring is used to measure force .

(b) Explain about phase shift in the seismic vibrometer. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the working principle of mechanical torsion meter with neat sketch.

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 3
(b) A shaft transmits a maximum power of 50kW when running at a constant
Speed of 1500rpm. Measurement of torque are made by a pair of strain gauges,
which are bonded on to a specially machined portion of the shaft. Each
gauge has a nominal resistance of R = 120Ohms. Gauge factor F = 2.0 are
connected electrically to the two arms of a half-activated wheetstone-bridge
circuit which is energized with an excitation voltage of 6Volts. If the gauges
have a maximum strain of 0.0015, calculate the shaft diameter the modulus
of elasticity of the shaft material is 200GN/m2 . [8+8]

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
PRIME MOVERS AND MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) How do you determine the force exerted by a water jet on an inclined and
stationary plate ?
(b) A 10 cm diameter water jet having a velocity of 12 m / sec impinges on a
plane plate at an angle of 60 degrees to the normal to the plate. What will be
the impact when the plate is moving at 5 m /sec in the direction of the jet.
What is the work done per unit time. [6+10]
2. (a) What is the hydraulic function of a air vessel?
(b) A single acting reciprocating pump without air vessel has a plunger of 8cm
diameter and a stroke of 12cm.It draws water from a sump 3m below the pump
through a suction pipe 3 cm diameter and 5m long. It delivers water to a tank
12m above the pump through a delivery pipe 2cm diameter and 15m long. If
separation occurs at a pressure of 67 KN /m2 below atmospheric pressure, find
the maximum speed at which the pump may be operated without separation.
[6+10]
3. Draw the block diagram of steam power plant showing all the components with a
brief mention of their functions. [16]
4. (a) Explain briefly, various methods used to improve the performance of Rankine
cycle.
(b) The steam from nozzles of a single wheel impulse turbine discharges with a
velocity of 600m/sec and at 200 to the plane of the wheel. The blade wheel
rotates at 3000 rev/min and the mean blade radius is 590 mm. The axial
velocity of the steam at exit from the blades is 164 m/sec and the blades are
symmetrical. Calculate:
i. The blade angles,
ii. The diagram work per unit mass flow rate of steam
iii. The diagram efficiency
iv. The blade velocity coefficient. [6+10]
5. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of reheating gas turbine power
cycle?
(b) Show that the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine power cycle depends only on
pressure ratio. [6+10]
6. Explain the principle of variable head meters? What is meant by the designation
Variable head? [16]

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Code No: RR212201 Set No. 4
7. (a) Explain in detail about gyroscopes.
(b) Differentiate between bonded and un-bonded strain gauge transducers used in
load measurement. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the electrical dynamometers? Explain in detail?

(b) How should the armature and field resistance of this dynamometer be set when
starting it as
i. motor
ii. generator. [8+8]

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