GREEN LINE POWER PVT LTD PONDICHERRY

Created and calculated By M SIVARAMAKRISHNAIAH

MTech Thermal Engineering

Design of solar parabolic trough collector(Tracking Mode 11)

length of collector Aperture(w) Concentration ratio 3.6576 m 2.45 m 16 51.3296 Glass Tube 12 ft 8.038057743 ft

Outer Diameter

rim angle
Outer diameter of tube Efective aperture area Absorber tube area 0.047731 m (W-Do)L 3.145*Do * L 47.73074405 mm 8.786540031 m 0.549158752 m^2 0.156597

Aperture area

Absorber innerdiameter Glass cover Outer diameter Glass cover Inner diameter Specular reflectivity of concentrator surface Glass cover transmissivity for solar radiation Glass cover emissivity/absorptivity Absorber tube emissivity/absorptivity Intercept factor Date Time Hourly beam radiation Hourly global radiation Ambiant Temperature wind speed Mass flow rate of Thermic fluid Inlet Temperature LAT() Angle of incidence @ April 15 () Hour angle () Slope of apture plane() Angle of incidence

0.0381 m 0.063 m 0.056 m 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.95 0.95 15-Apr 12.5 705 949 30 5.3 0.0986 150 11.92 9.414893347 16.94418733 9.494661091

38.1 mm 63 mm 56 mm

1230 h

105 th day

LAT w/m^2 w/m^2 C m/s kg/s C Deg Deg -7.5 Deg

303 K

0.991445 Deg

Properties of Thermic fluid

Mean fluid Temperature Density Specific heat capacity Kinamatic viscosity Thermal conductivity Average velocity Reynolds number Prandtl number Tape twist ratio Nusselt number Heat Transfer coefficient Colletor heat removal factor temperatura mdia do fludo densidade calor especfico viscosidade condutividade trmica 250 750.3 2.449 2.45E-06 0.119 C kg/m^3 kj/kg m^2/s w/m k 1 2 Radiation loss from Glass to sky Covective loss fromm the galss to atmospher

0.115119399 m/s 1.79E+03 37.83056735 4 6.14E+01 191.9093915 w/m^2 K

Assume Overall heat transfer coefficent 13.1 w/m^2 k

Colletor heat removal factor Heat removal factor Concentration ratio Beam Radiation Absorbed flux Usefull heat gain rate Rate of heat loss Avarage Temperature of absorber Tube 0.919010067 0.906166031 16 0.993319235 467.8641299 2919.005206 1191.901701 190.7713882

13.5 w/m^2 K

W/m^2 W W C

463.7714 K

Calulate "U" CORRESPONDING TO THIS VALUE OF Tpm and show that it is equal to the assumed value.

Assume Temperature attained by the cover

Mean Temperature of air between tube and Cover
At this Temperature properties Thermal conductivity Kinamatic viscosity Prandel number Radial gap Rynolds number

78.5 C
134.6356941 C 0.03526 w/m k 2.45E-05 m^2/s 0.7 0.004134628 2.22E+02

351.5 K
407.6357 K

Ambient air temperature

Effective thermal conductivity 0.159776 0.446059798

300 K
3.86E+00 0.542577 5.017233929 w/m k 325.75 K 0.027 w/m k 1.60E-05 m^2/s 1.58E+04 6.83E+01 29.2746592 W/m^2 K 310.3233894 w/m 294 K 323.2741804 w/m

27 C

Convective heat transfer coefficent absorber tube and the glass cover(hp-c)
Mean temperature of air between the cover and ambient Properties of air Thermal conductivity Kinamatic viscosity Rynolds number Nusult number Heat transfer coefficent outside surface of cover(hw) Overall heat coefficent Sky Temperature AND

52.75 C

21 C

The two values of q/l match with each other.the corresponding value of "U"
which also matches the original guess

13.39247 w/m^2 k
162.08841 C

Equating heat gained by the fluid to the useful heat gain rate(Exit Temperature)

Solar fresnel alignment of collectors and Receiver Tube

Absorber area :
Principle and operation:
A linear solar fresnel solar plant uses an array of single axis, linear solar mirrors to reflect sunlight onto a receiver tube. In that way it is similar to a solar parabolic trough system. The compact linear fresnel solar power system, however, uses a 'parabola' made up of ten flat mirrors that each rotate to follow the sun; instead of a more expensive parabolic shaped mirror, as in the solar parabolic trough system. This type of system allows the flat solar mirrors to remain near the ground, avoiding wind loads. LFR system heat water to produce steam at 400 C in the absorber tubes. The steam is used directly to drive a turbine in a standard Rankine cycle to produce electricity, avoiding the need for a heat exchanger to produce steam from some other high temperature fluid.

Aperture area :

Advantages
1 Main advantages of linear Fresnel are its lower investment and operational costs. Firstly,the flat mirrors are cheaper and easier to produce then parabolic curved reflectors and so are readily available from manufacturers worldwide. 2 The struture also has a low profile, with mirrors just one or two meters above groud. This means the plant can operate in strong wind and it can use a lightweight,simple collector structure. 3 Linear Fresnel collectors also make more efficient use of land, packing more mirrors closer together compared to parabolic through. The collectors also easier to maintain since they have fewer moving parts and they can turn down during the night for protection from sand and to allow for automated cleaning. 4 The three leading versions of linear Fresnel technology generate steam directly, which means they do away with the need for expensive and performance-reducing heat exchangers. 5 Linear fresnel technology costs between 50 to 60% of costs of a parabolic trough collector per square metre. 6 A linear solar fresnel solar plant can be hybridized with fossil fuel backup to be used for electrical generation when the sun isn't shining. 7 The absorber tube is simpler and less expensive than that of the parabolic trough system, because multiple solar mirrors reflect solar power to a single absorber tube and the absorber tube doesn't need couplings as the receiver tubes for the parabolic trough and parabolic dish systems do, because the absorber is fixed.

Disadvantages
1 A linear solar fresnel solar plant doesn't produce a fluid temperature as high as the parabolic trough or parabolic dish solar concentrators, so its thermal efficiency for conversion of solar power to electricity is lower.

Absorber area : the area of absorber Aperture area : the area in which solar radiation enter the collector Gross area: the area based on outer dimention of collector