1

PROCESS DYNAMIC MODELS

ChE 182

June 19/20/21, 2012

Continuously-stirred tank heater

2

Objectives
3

At the end of this class, you should be able to: understand the importance of process modelling derive unsteady-state models of chemical processes.

Why develop models?

4

Important in:
Understanding

the process Process simulations Control strategy development Optimization

Types of models
5

Types:
Theoretical Empirical

and Semi-empirical

Treatment of systems
Lumped

parameter system Distributed parameter system

Conservation principles
6

accumulation = in out + internal production

Mass balance
Overall/total

mass balance Component mass balance

Energy balance Momentum balance

Conservation principles
7

Overall material balance:

Material balance of component i

Conservation principles
8

Energy balance

Kinetic energy and potential energy terms are negligible

For liquids: U H

Consitutive equations
9

Equations of properties of matter

Definitions

of mass, heat, and momentum using measurable properties

Transport rate equations Chemical kinetic rate expressions

Law

of mass action Arrhenius expression

Thermodynamic relations
EOS Chemical

and phase equilibria

Some chemical processes

Liquid storage system

Some chemical processes

Stirred-Tank Heating Process (instantaneous heating) Constant hold-up
T1 w1 x1
T2 w2 x2 T w x

Some chemical processes

Stirred-Tank Heating Process (instantaneous heating) Variable hold-up
T1 w1 x1
T2 w2 x2

T w x

Some chemical processes

Electrically Heated Stirred Tank (non-instantaneous) Constant hold-up
Ti wi T w Te

Some chemical processes

Non-isothermal continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
AB rA = -kCA

Objectives
15

Have you been able to: understand the importance of process modelling? derive unsteady-state models of chemical processes?

HW: Seborg

nd 2

ed, Problem 2.6

HW: Seborg

nd 2

ed, Problem 2.6

cAi
cA1

cA2

Reminders
Homework is not to be submitted but please do it for practice. For appreciation of dynamic models in other processes you encountered in previous ChE courses, read on dynamic models of flash drums, distillation systems, bioreactors, series of reactors in our textbook and other references. (cont. on next slide)

Reminders

Review Laplace Transforms (Laplace transform of functions, inverse Laplace transform, properties / theorems, partial fraction expansion, solution to ODE); this will not be discussed anymore in class.
Suggested references:
ChE

106 materials/references Ch 3 of Seborg 2nd ed

Prepare for a QUIZ next meeting (June 26-28) on Laplace transforms, including solution to ODE).