Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This presentation assumes you know the normal canine estrous cycle, the hormones of the estrous cycle and basic canine anatomy. When you click, wait a second to see what happens.
Typical Call
?????
The cells look kind of round, but with a little angle and the nucleus stains dark.
Typical Result
Just send me the slides.
How do you take a sample? What causes the change in cytology? What do the cells look like?
Vaginal Cytology
2. Lift the dorsal aspect of the 1. Moisteninsert the swab at vulva and a long cottontipped wooden applicator with the dorsal aspect. Point a few drops of sterile and posterior somewhat saline. make a dimple between the rectum and dorsal vulva.
Vaginal Cytology
3. Push and rotate the swab in dorsally. It takes more pressure than many realize. If it does not go in easily, back out a little and spin it, as it may be caught on a vaginal fold. Do not go too far ventral or you will go into the bladder. Good!
Vaginal Cytology
Bad!
Vaginal Cytology
Cells taken from the vestibule or caudal vagina may not represent the true cellular population.
10 dips
15 dips
20 dips
How do you take a sample? What causes the change in cytology? What do the cells look like?
At the end of anestrus and during proestrus, the estrogen from the follicles is rising and peaks just before the beginning of estrus.
It is the ESTROGEN that causes the vaginal cytology to change. If there is no estrogen, the vaginal cytology does not change.
Without ESTROGEN, (during anestrus and diestrus) the vaginal cytology is noncornified.
Without ESTROGEN, the vaginal epithelium is very thin and the cytology is noncornified.
With ESTROGEN, the vaginal epithelium is very thick and hyperplastic and the cytology is cornified.
Without ESTROGEN, (even if progesterone is high as in diestrus) the vaginal epithelium is very thin and the cytology is noncornified.
How do you take a sample? What causes the change in cytology? What do the cells look like?
Anuclear
Superficial Intermediate Parabasal
Non-cornified
Cornified
Anuclear
Non-cornified
Cornified
Anuclear
Superficial
Remember, if the nucleus is there, but not stippled, the cell is cornified.
Parabasal
Non-cornified
Intermediate
Cornified
This should also help you remember what the cells look like.
Anuclear
* * * *
Can you find the As? Can you find thePs? RBCs? Is? Ss? Identify and click. Identify and click.
A
*
S
I
A
A
P A A * ** * I * * * ** *
The resolution of photos makes it difficult to identify the stippling. It is easier looking through the microscope. There is some judgment involved too. Cornified and non-cornified are the big differences to note.
Vaginal cytology is an estrogen assay. If estrogen is low, the epithelium is thin and very few cells, non-cornified cells can be obtained.
This animation shows the swab being pushed back and forth, in reality it is rolled. The top is a cartoon and the bottom is a photomicrograph of a non-estrual bitch. Note the epithelium is thin and not many cells are obtained when they female is non-estrual (anestrus or diestrus).
This animation shows the swab being pushed back and forth, in reality it is rolled onto the slide.
Here is glass slide from a non-estrual bitch. Notice that there are not many cells. Here is photomicrograph from a non-estrual bitch. Notice that there are not many cells, they are noncornified (see the stippling?), and there is lot of junk in the background.
During proestrus the cornification rises about 10%/day, until estrus when it reaches 100%. It is 100% cornified throughout estrus. The cornification abruptly drops to <50% on the first day of diestrus.
Vaginal cytology is an estrogen assay. If estrogen is high, the epithelium is thick and many cornified cells can be obtained.
This animation shows the swab being pushed back and forth, in reality it is rolled. The top is a cartoon and the bottom is a photomicrograph of a nonestrual bitch. Note the epithelium is thick and hyperplastic. Many cells are obtained when the female is estrual (proestrus or estrus).
Here is a glass slide from an estrual bitch. Notice that there are many cells.
Here is a photomicrograph from an estrual bitch. Notice that there are many cells, they are cornified, and the background is clear.
Flor
Flor is a bloodhound. She was seen at the University of Porto by Drs. Antnio Rocha and Graa Lopes. Vaginal cytology and progesterone samples were taken. Follow the slides, along with the progesterone values. If you are astute, you see the picture is a male!
16/11
.15
The date is on the top (European style with the day/month). The progesterone (ng/mL) is on the bottom.
A picture of the glass slide lets you see how cellular the sample looks.
Flor
20x
Follow the slides and see when you think she is estrus and when she should be bred. See when you think she goes out of estrus and into diestrus.
16/11 .15
Flor
40x
16/11 .15
Flor
100x
Flor
20x
Flor
40x
Flor
100x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
Flor
20x
27/2
-
Flor
40x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
Flor
100x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
Flor
20x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 1/ /2 3
-
Flor
40x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
1 6 / 1 1
2 5 / 2
1 4 / 3
1 5 / 3
1 7 / 3
Flor
. - - - . . 3 8 - 3 - - 1 7 8 . . 4 5 8 7 2 2
100x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
3/ 3
.78
Flor
20x
16/ 11 .15
25/ 27 2 /2
-
1/3 3/3
.78
Flor
40x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
100x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
3/ 3
6/ 3
.78 .87
Flor
20x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
3/ 3
6/ 3
.78 .87
Flor
40x
16/ 25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 11 2 2 .15 .78 .87 3.2
16/ 25 11 /2
27 1/ 3/ 6/ /2 3 3 3
Flor
.15 -
.78 .87
20x
16/ 25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 11 2 2 .15 .78 .87 3.2
Flor
40x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
100x
27/ 2
-
1/3
-
3/3
.78
6/3
.87
8/3
3.2
10/ 3
8.2
Flor
20x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
20x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
40x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
100x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
20x
16/ 11
.15
Flor
40x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
100x
16/ 11
.15
Flor
20x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
40x
16/ 11 .15
Flor
100x
16/ 11 .15
25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 10/ 11/ 12/ 14/ 2 2 3 3 3 3
.78 .87 3.2 8.2 34 -
Flor
20x
16/ 11 .15
25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 10/ 11/ 12/ 14/ 2 2 3 3 3 3
.78 .87 3.2 8.2 34 -
Flor
40x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
3/ 3
6/ 3
8/ 3
10 /3
11 /3
12 /3
34
14 /3
-
Flor
100x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
3/ 3
6/ 3
8/ 3
10 /3
11 /3
12 /3
34
14 /3
-
15 /3
-
Flor
20x
16/ 11
25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 10/ 11/ 12/ 14/ 15/ 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
.78 .87 3.2 8.2 34 -
.15
Flor
40x
16/ 11 .15
25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 10/ 11/ 12/ 14/ 15/ 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
.78 .87 3.2 8.2 34 -
Flor
100x
16/ 11 .15
25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 10/ 11/ 12/ 14/ 15/ 17/ 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
.78 .87 3.2 8.2 34 -
Flor
20x
16/ 11 .15
25/ 27/ 1/3 3/3 6/3 8/3 10/ 11/ 12/ 14/ 15/ 17/ 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
.78 .87 3.2 8.2 34 -
Flor
40x
16/ 25 11 /2 .15 -
27 /2
-
1/ 3
-
3/ 3
.78
6/ 3
.87
8/ 3
3.2
10 /3
8.2
11 /3
-
12 /3
34
14 /3
-
15 /3
-
17 /3
-
Flor
100x
Pregnant
Bred on the days listed in red Whelped 11 pups
Move you cursor over your answer and left click. You may select them all eventually. Anuclear Correct. Notice the lack of nucleus and the angular cytoplasm.
Move you cursor over your answer and left click. You may select them all eventually. Anuclear Incorrect. Notice the pyknotic nucleus.The cytoplasm is angular however.
Move you cursor over your answer and left click. You may select them all eventually. Anuclear Incorrect. Do you see the stippled nucleus? It is present. The cytoplasm is rounded and not angular.
Move you cursor over your answer and left click. You may select them all eventually. Anuclear Incorrect. Do you see the stippled nucleus? The cytoplasm is Somewhat angular.
If you saw this slide, what stage of estrus would you place her?
Move you cursor over your answer and left click. You may select them all eventually. Anestrus Incorrect. Notice all the cells are cornified. The nuclei are pyknotic. Proestrus Incorrect.
Notice all the cells are cornified. The nuclei are pyknotic. In proestrus there is a mixture of cornified and non-cornified cells.
Estrus Correct. Notice all the cells are cornified. The nuclei are pyknotic.
If you saw this slide, what stage of estrus would you place her?
Anestrus Incorrect.
Notice some of the cells are cornified. There are many cells present.
Move you cursor over your answer and left click. You may select them all eventually.
Estrus
Incorrect. Notice some of the cells are non-cornified. Diestrus Maybe. Notice about half the cells are cornified. It could be diestrus, but what else could it be?
If you saw this slide, how would you tell if she is proestrus or estrus?
Move you cursor over your answer and left No way to tell click. You may select them all eventually. Incorrect.
Remember your physiology. You can tell.
Session Complete. Thanks for viewing this presetation.I hope it helped clarify canine vagnal cytology.