ABSTRAK UJI EFEK HIPOGLIKEMIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper cf. fragile Benth.

) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar glukosa darah (hiperglikemia). Penyakit diabetes melitus memerlukan pengobatan jangka panjang dan biaya yang mahal, sehingga diperlukan pencarian obat diabetes yang relatif murah dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Telah dilakukan pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan pengujian efek hipoglikemik ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (Piper cf. fragile Benth.) terhadap tikus putih jantan dengan metode uji toleransi glukosa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara analisis variansi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan metode Duncan. Hasil karakteristik simplisia daun sirih merah diperoleh kadar air 8,66%, kadar sari larut air 18,39%, kadar sari larut etanol 11,62%, kadar abu total 9,56% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,20%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, glikosida dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara perkolasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian kadar gula darah terhadap tikus putih jantan yang dilakukan terdiri dari 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu hanya diberikan glukosa 50% dosis 5 g/kg BB, suspensi CMC 0,5% dosis 1% BB, suspensi glibenklamid dosis 1 mg/kg BB, 3 kelompok obat (ekstrak) dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB. Hasil pengujian farmakologi ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah dengan dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah dengan dosis 100 mg/kg BB sebanding dengan glibenklamid dosis 1 mg/kg BB.

Kata kunci: sirih merah, hipoglikemik, uji toleransi glukosa, ekstrak etanol.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT THE HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF RED BETEL VINE (Piper cf. fragile Benth.) IN MALE WHITE RATS Diabetes mellitus is the disease which is marked by increasing the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Diabetes mellitus requiring long term treatment and expensive cost, therefore it is required to search diabetic drugs that are relatively cheap and affordable by the community. The test of simplex characterization, phytochemical screening of simplex powder and hypoglycemic effect of ethanolic extract from the leaves of red betel vine (Piper cf. fragile Benth.) in male white rats by using a glucose tolerance test had been investigated. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and then continued by Duncan method. Result of characteristic from the leaves of red betel vine simplex got water level 8.66%, extract level that dissolved in water 18.39%, extract level that dissolved in ethanolic 11.62%, ash level total 9.56% and ash level that is not dissolved in acid 1.20%. The result of phytochemical screening of simplex powder showed there is the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and steroids/triterpenoids. Extraction was done by percolation using ethanol 96%. Effect of blood glucose level in male white rats that is done consist of 6 groups of treatment which is only given of glucose 50% at dose of 5 g/kg BW, suspension CMC 0.5% at dose of 1% BW, glibenclamide suspension at dose of 1 mg/kg BW, 3 groups of medicine (extract) at dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. The pharmacology test result of ethanolic extract from the leaves of red betel vine at dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW can decrease the blood glucose level of rats. The statistical result showed that ethanolic extract from the leaves of red betel vine at dose of 100 mg/kg BW was equal with glibenclamide at dose of 1 mg/kg BW.

Keyword: red betel vine, hypoglycemic, glucose tolerance test, ethanolic extract.

Universitas Sumatera Utara