An Industry Oriented Mini-Project On

INDUSTRIAL FAULT INDICATION SYSTEM USING AVR MICROCONTROLLER

A Mini-project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Electronics and Communication Engineering Submitted by
D.PRIYANKA (09T81A0452) M.SOUNDARYA (09T81A0471) B.SAI PRIYANKA (09T81A0462) S.SRUTHI (09T81A0482)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. J.NAGESWAR REDDY, M.Tech

Asst. Prof., in ECE Department, AITS, Hyderabad.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences Piglipur (V), Batasingaram (P), HayathNagar (M), R.R. Dist., Hyderabad:501512. (Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad) 2009-2013

An Industry Oriented Mini-Project On

INDUSTRIAL FAULT INDICATION SYSTEM USING AVR MICROCONTROLLER

A Mini-project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Electronics and Communication Engineering Submitted by
D.PRIYANKA (09T81A0452) M.SOUNDARYA (09T81A0471) B.SAI PRIYANKA (09T81A0462) S.SRUTHI (09T81A0482)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. J.NAGESWAR REDDY, M. Tech

Asst. Prof., in ECE Department, AITS, Hyderabad.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences Piglipur (V), Batasingaram (P), HayathNagar (M), R.R. Dist., Hyderabad: 501512. (Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad) 2009-2013

Piglipur, Batasingaram Panchayath, Hayath Nagar Mandal, R.R. Hyderabad: , Dist. 501 512 AP. , (Approved by AIC TE, New DelhiAffiliated to J NTU, Hyderabad) C ollege C ode & : T8

DEPART MENT OF ELEC T RONIC S AND COMMUNIC AT ION ENGINEERING

CER TI F I CA TE
This is INDUSTRIAL to certify that the Mini-Project Work entitled AVR FAULT INDICATION SYSTEM USING

MICROCONTROLLERis being submitted byfollowing students during the Academic Year 2012-13 in partial fulfillment of the requirements ELECTRONIC S or f the AND award of the B.Tech Degree n i COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Specializationaffiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad.

D.PRIYANKA(09T81A0452 ) M.SOUNDARYA (09T81A0471) B.SAI PRIYANKA (09T81A0462 ) S.SRUTHI (09T81A0 482)

This record is a Bnafide wo carried out bythem under my o rk guidance & supervision. The Result(s) embodied have not been submitted to any other University/Institution for the award of any Degree/Diploma. Supervisor/Guide Senior Faculty HOD

Mini-Project Viva -Voce Exa Held on Dated_______________________ m

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

DECLARATION

This is to certify that the Mini-Project work report in the present Thesis titled INDUSTRIAL FAULT INDCIATION SYSTEM USING AVR MICROCONTROLLER done by us. No part of the thesis copied from books/journals/internet and wherever the portion is taken, the same been duly referred in the text. The reported are based on the project work done entirely by us and not copied from any other source. We hereby declare that the Mini-project work entitled INDUSTRIAL FAULT INDICATION SYSTEM USING AVR MICROCONTROLLER is original record of work submitted by all of us to JNTU, Hyderabad, under the guidance of Mr.J.Nageswar Reddy, M.Tech., Asst. Professor.,Department of ELECTRONIC AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING for the award of B.Tech Degree which has not been submitted to any other university/ institution. By/MINI-PROJECT ASSOCIATES

MINI-PROJECT ASSOCIATES

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name of the Student D.PRIYANKA B.SAI PRIYANKA M.SOUNDARYA S.SRUTHI

Roll No. 09T81A0452 09T81A0462 09T81A0471 09T81A0481

Signature

Place: AITS-Hyderabad. Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At the outset we would like to thank and praise the almighty god who has given us wisdom and knowledge to complete our mini- project as a part of our curriculum.

We would like to extend our heart full thanks to Prof. B.Nagabhushanam Reddy, Director, Dr. R.Ramesh Reddy, Principal, N.Babu Rao, DEAN of Student Affairs, Dr. V.V.Ramana Rao, Dean of Academics and Mr. K.Ashok Kumar, Assoc. Prof and Head of the Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Hyderabad, for giving us the permission to take up this project. We would also express our gratitude to our internal guide Mr. J.Nageshwar Reddy,M.Tech., Asst.Prof., ECE dept who has given us his valuable suggestions.

Last but not least, we would like to thank our Mini-Project Coordinator Mr.M.Suresh Babu, Asst. Prof., ECE Dept., all the members of staff of Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, especially the faculty of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department whose constant support, encouragement and cooperation helped us to complete our Mini-Project smoothly. Once again we thank one and all who are associated with us directly or indirectly for completing this project

By/MINI-PROJECT ASSOCIATES

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The main objective of this Mini project is to design a embedded system for indicating the over voltages and over currents in industries (Fault indication system ) using AVR Microcontroller .Industrial parameters like voltage and temperature are crucial for safety of Industry. The System mainly uses Current transformer and to sense the current, voltage to the industrial loads. The current and voltage values sensed are compared with the maximum ratings of the Load. In case of any fault there will obvious increase in current and voltage which will be monitored. The over temperature is mainly due to increase of load. Hence this can also be an effect of Over-current. This Over-temperature is sensed by a Temperature Sensor IC and logged into the database at regular intervals. The main feature of the project is that it will actually log all the fault details in the order of their occurrence, this will actually help the person in charge to know the first fault which occurred and the series of faults which consequently occur. Main components are AVR Microcontroller andLM35 Temperature Sensor. LM35IC is used to read Temperature related issues in industries The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPRM used by other microcontrollers at the time. While 8051Microcontroller has no in built A/D Converters but AVR has it. 8051 Microcontroller based on CISC architecture while AVR on RISC architecture.

INDEX S.NO. List Of Figures List Of Tables List Of Key words 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Embedded systems 1.2 Examples of embedded systems 2. 3. LITERATURE SURVEY THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 3.1 Block Diagram 3.1.1 Schematics 14-14 3.2 AVR Block Diagram 3.3 Design approach 4. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 4.1 Hardware components 4.1.1 Microcontroller 4.1.2 Sensor 4.1.3 Buzzer and Hyper Terminal 4.1.4 Voltage Transformer and Power supply 4.2 Software components 5. 6. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 15-15 16-16 17-47 18-42 18-32 32-36 37-37 38-42 42-47 47-49 50-53 iii 01-03 01-01 01-05 05-11 12-16 TITLE PAGE NO i ii

7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

54-55 56-57 58-59 60-61 62-65

LIST OF FIGURES S.NO

1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1.1 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.2 4.1.3.3 4.1.3.4

TITLE
ARM Microcontroller 64 bit Thread X RTOS MARS Orbiters space craft NASA Solar power based satellite antenna Aero space antenna receivers Difference between micro controller and micro processor Basic types of architectures Basic Layout of Microcontroller Block diagram of fault indication system Power supply figure block diagram Schematic diagram of AVR project AVR block diagram Internal diagram of AVR mother board Pin Out of atmega8 Architecture of AT mega 8 General I/O Block diagram Timing Diagram while Reading an 1 Timing diagram when Reading an 1

PAGE NO
4 5 6 7 9 11 11 17 17 18 19 20 22 28 31 31 32

4.1.4.1 4.1.4.2 4.1.4.3 4.1.5.1 4.1.5.2 4.1.5.3 4.1.5.4 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3

TCCR1 TCNT OCR2 8-bit Timer/Counter Registers Counter unit block diagram Timing diagrams 1 Timing diagrams 2 LM 35 Tempurature sensor Basic centigrade temperature sensor LM 35 as surface temperature sensor

32 34 34 35 37 38 38 39 41 42

List Of Tables S.No

4.1.3.1 4.1.4.2

Title
Selection Table TCCR modes

Page No
30 33

LIST OF KEY WORDS

AVR Advanced Virtual Risc ROM- Read Only Memory RAM Random Accesses Memory CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer RISC- Reduced Instruction Set Computer UART- Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Rom TCCR- Timer /Counter Control Register