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Power Transformers
Power Transformers
TESTING & ACCEPTANCE CONDITIONS
INDEX
Part (1) Reference International Standards Part (2) Reference Database Documents Part (3) General Test Requirements Part (4) List of Tests applied Part (5) Detailed (Routine / Sample) Test procedure (FAT) Part (6) Reference Test Reports Part (7) Informative Documents
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Power Transformers
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(Power transformers Temperature Rise) (Power transformers Insulation levels & Dielectric Test) (Ability to withstand short circuit) (Determination of Sound Levels)
IEC 60076-10
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Power Transformers
(Tap Changers Part(1) On load Tap Changers Testing and Acceptance Conditions)
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Part (3) General requirements for routine, type and special tests (Preparatory Check List)
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Power Transformers
1- Tests shall be made at any ambient temperature between 10 C and 40 C and with cooling water (if required) at any temperature not exceeding 25 C. 2- Tests shall be made at the manufacturer's works, unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
3- All external components and fittings that are likely to affect the performance of the transformer during the test shall be in place. 4- Tapped windings shall be connected on their principal tapping, unless the relevant test clause requires otherwise or unless the manufacturer and the purchaser agree otherwise.
5- The test basis for all characteristics other than insulation is the rated condition, unless the test clause states otherwise. 6- All measuring systems used for the tests shall have certified traceable accuracy and be subjected to periodic calibration, according to the rules of 4.11 of ISO 9001. 7- Where it is required that test results are to be corrected to a reference temperature, this shall be: For oil-immersed transformers: 75 C; For dry-type transformers: according to the general requirements for tests in IEC 60726.
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Routine Tests
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Measurement of winding resistance. Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement. Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss. Measurement of no-load loss and current. Dielectric routine tests (IEC 60076-3) which includes:
a) Switching Impulse Test. (Not Applicable for Um72.5kV) b) Lightning Impulse Test. (Originally a Type Test, in some cases its considered a Routine Test) c) Separate Source AC withstand voltage test. d) Short duration induced AC withstand voltage test e) Long duration induced AC withstand voltage test (Not Applicable for Um72.5kV)
6- Functional Checks on Marshalling & Remote control Panel. 7- Operation Tests on On-Load Tap Changer.
(Found under Tap changer test report)
Type Tests
1- Temperature-rise test (IEC 60076-2). 2- Dielectric type tests (IEC 60076-3).
Special Tests
123456789Dielectric special tests (IEC 60076-3). Determination of capacitances windings-to-earth, and between windings. Determination of transient voltage transfer characteristics. Measurement of zero-sequence impedance(s) on three-phase transformers (10.7). Short-circuit withstand test (IEC 60076-5). Determination of sound levels (IEC 60551). Measurement of the harmonics of the no-load current (10.6). Measurement of the power taken by the fan and oil pump motors. Measurement of insulation resistance to earth of the windings, and/or measurement of dissipation factor (tan d) of the insulation system capacitances. (These are reference values for comparison with later measurement in the field. No limitations for the values are given here.)
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Power Transformers
6- If the measured current deviates from the rated, Power & Voltage measured will be corrected using the following relations:
Where, (r) refers to rated values & (m) refers to measured values. 7- All recorded data are taken at ambient Temp. (Ta) which need to be corrected at the required standard Temp (75C for Oil immersed Transformers).
Circuit Diagram for the Short Circuit impedance & Load Losses Test
Acceptance Criteria: *Measured impedance to be within guaranteed value and nameplate value. *Load losses to be within guaranteed values.
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Power Transformers
(i.e. for a 33/11kV transformer, applied voltage values will be 29.7kV, 31.35kV,.., 36.3kV)
2- Readings of watt meters, Voltmeters & Ammeters are recorded to obtain the values of Vr.m.s, Vmean, Po and Io at each voltage step. 3- Measured value of power loss is corrected according to the following formula: Pc=Pm (1+d) D= (Vmean-Vr.m.s) / Vmean Acceptance Criteria: *No Load losses to be within guaranteed values.
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Voltage levels required for all dielectric tests for transformers having windings with highest voltage (Um) of not more than 170kV are summarized in the following table:
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7- If the Neutral Terminal of the transformer has a rated insulation level, it can be verified by applying a full wave impulse related to this insulation level to the neutral terminal with all other line terminals earthed.
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Test Procedure & Description: 1- Single phase voltage is applied to all line terminals of the winding under test (line terminals are shorted together and connected to source. 2- The line terminals of the other winding are all earthed with the neutral terminal and the tank body. 3- Test voltage is applied for 60sec.
Acceptance Criteria: * Test is considered successful if the transformer withstood the test and no collapse of the test voltage occurs.
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Power Transformers
Test Procedure & Description: 1- 3phase AC supply with high frequency is applied to the line terminals of one winding with the line terminals of the other winding open circuited. 2- If the transformer has a neutral, it should be earthed during the test. Acceptance Criteria: * Test is considered satisfactory if the transformer withstood the test and no collapse of the test voltage occurs.
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Operation of cooling control circuit from marshalling box. Operation of WTI / OTI. Interconnection between the RTCC & the OLTC box mounted on transformer. Indication circuits of RTCC. Electrical operation of OLTC. 2kV Megger test on all Control panels wiring.
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