Morphology As childrens becomes more sophisticated, they begin to add bound morphemes to the basic words.

One of the first bound morphemes they acquire in the plural marker. Singular Mouse Child Suds Dog house overgeneralization occur when children acquire a morphological rule and then apply it too broadly. At this step the children produce : Singular Mouse Child Children sheep plural mouses childs childrens sheeps Plural mice children suds dogs houses

Underextension- occur when a child acquires the definition of a word and applies it too narrowly. Example:- in this phase, a word like chair may only be used for the childs special chair but no others, or the dog may refer only to the childs own pet. = the process of overextending and underextending go on throughout the preschool years as the childs lexicon and its entires are revised and refined. During the school years and even in adulthood they combine this process through formal educational. = pronouns pose another problem for children because their meanings shifts defending on who speaks them and who is spoken to. Before the age of thee years, children generally use names not pronouns. So they produce utterances such as: Daddy throw Kevin ball. Theo see mama. you. (you)throw the ball to I see

semantics- as early as six month, babies indicate that they understand the meaning of words by looking at the object or person mentioned. Productive vocabulary- consist of the words that a person is able to use. Receptive vocabulary- consist of the words that a person is able to underastand. Overextension- occurs when child acquires the definition of a word and applies it too broadly. It also similar to the overgeneralization in syntax mentioned earlier.

During preschool and beyond = as children grow older and more fluent in their language, they acquire the elements of fluency in a predictable time range. = negation question formation is two important developments in the syntax of preschool children. The two year old simply places a negative word, no, dont or not use interchangeably, at the utterance to negate it. Ex. Dont that one (not that one) No vacuum. (dont use the vacuum cleaner) = by about thee and a half years the child whose utterance are becoming longer and more complex, has learned to put the negative word between the subject and predicate, but still doesnt distinguish between them. Ex: I not close it (I didnt close it) I not want it. (I dont want it)

Table 8-1 the sequence of grammatical morpheme mastery Ex. Mama home? (is mama home?) Grammatical morpheme example Age range of mastery (in months) 19-28 27-30 27-30 27-33 25-46 Conversation repair- is attempt to revised or expand an utterance when the speaker senses that the listener has not understood. = preschool children take language literally: therefore they will often misunderstand polite questions or indirect hints such as the ff. Would you like to clean your room? Can you pick up your toys? Your toys are all over the floor? Daddy go? (where did daddy go?) =between about and half and three, the child begins to use what , where and who for whquestions. Ex. What old are you? Where daddy go? Who that?

Present progressive In (preposition) On (preposition) Regular plural Irregular past tense possessive Uncontractible copula Articles (the, a)

Regular past tense Regular third person singular Irregular third person singular Uncontractible auxiliary Contractible copula Contractible auxiliary

Mama eating Doggie in car Kitty on chair Ladies going Mama went to Ralphs Kevins car Lucy was crying Daddy fixing the bike Mama washed Sami eats

26-40 27-39 28-46

26-48 26-46

Theo has pancake I was looking Dales busy Johns cooking

28-50

29-48 29-49 30-50

Note that at this age the child considers words such as dont, wont, or cant, to be single units not constructions. The two- years- old forms questions by using a rising intonation and perhaps a questioning gesture along with a declarative sentence. At this age, yes/no questions and wh- questions have the same form. =the two years old forms questions by using a rising intonation and perhaps a questioning gesture along with a declarative sentence. At this age yes/no question and wh- questions have the same form.