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ABSTRACT
Six bread wheat genotypes representing different agronomic characters were
crossed in a half-diallel model in 2003/2004 season. The six parents and their 15 F1
hybrids were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions during 2004/2005 .
Irrigation mean squares were significant for all studied traits except days to heading, grain
filling period, number of kernels/spike and 100-kernels weight. General (GCA) and
sepecific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were significant for all studied traits at
both conditions, except SCA for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period and
number of spikes/plant under water stress conditions. GCA/SCA ratio were more than unity
for all traits at both conditions, except grain filling rate, flag leaf area, number of
kernels/spike under water stress condition, number of spikes/plant at normal condition,
total chlorophyll content, 100-kernels weight and grain yield/plant under both conditions.
Suggesting that additive genetic effects were more important in controlling these traits.
The genetic component i.e. additive and dominance were highly significant for most studied
traits. The results showed the role of partial dominance gene effects in controlling all traits
under both conditions, except number of spikes/ plant at normal condition, grain filling
rate, number of kernels/spike,grain yield at water stress condition, total chlorophyll content
and 100-kernels weight at both conditions. which controlled by over dominance gene
effects. the results clearly showed that each one of studied characters were governed at
least by one gene group, except days to maturity at normal condition, plant height , grain
yield /plant at water stress condition which were governed at least by two gene groups.
Plant height at normal condition and 100-kernels weight at both conditions were governed
by at least by three gene group.
The parents Line 1 and Sakha 94 could be used in breeding for drought tolerance.
Selection for days to heading,days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height at both
conditions may be practiced in early segregating generations to improved bread wheat.
Key word : Wheat, Crosses, GCA, SCA, Water stress
INTRODUCTION
Selection among Egyptian wheat cultivars for increasing grain yield
and its components may not be effective. Hybridization between the local
cultivars and exotic materials was carried out to increase genetic variability.
Quantitative economic traits in wheat are highly influenced by
environmental conditions.
Assessment and quantifying the type of gene action in wheat were
detected by some investigators. El-Hosary et al (2000) found that grain
yield and its components in wheat genotypes were controlled by both
Genotype
Line # 1 (P1)
Sakha 61 (P2)
Sakha 93 (P3)
Sakha 94 (P4)
Gemmeiza 9 (P5)
Gemmeiza 10(P6)
Pedigree
Giza158/5/CFN/CNO"S"//RON/3/BB/NOR67/4/TL/3/ FN/TH//NAR59*2
S.10232-3S-2S-4S-5S-0S
INIA/RL4220//7C/Yr"S"
CM15430-2S-5S-0S
Sakha 92/TR8 10328
S.8871-1S-2S-1S-0S
Opata / Rayon // Kauz
CMBW90Y3180-0TOPM-3Y-010M-010M-010Y-10M-015Y-0Y-0AP-0S.
Ald"S"/Huac//Cmh74A.630/Sx
CGM4583-5GM-1GM-0GM
Maya74"S"/ON//1160-147/3/BB/GLL/4/chat"s"/5/ Crow"s"
CGM5820-3GM-1GM-2GM-0GM
Nov.2004
Dec.2004
Jan.2005
Feb.2005
Mar.2005
Apr.2005
May.2005
9.00
38.00
65.00
20.00
4.00
two experiments (normal and water stress conditions ) to indict the irrigation
effects according to Snedecor and Cochran (1980). An ordinary analysis
using Griffing (1956) method 2 model 1 was applied to estimate general
combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. The
data were analysed using Hayman (1954 and 1958) to partition the total
genetic variance to consistent parts; additive and dominance genetic effects.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of variance and combined analysis for the studied traits are
presented in Tables (3). Results indicated that irrigation mean squares were
significant for all traits except days to heading, grain filling period, number
of kernels per spike and 100-kernels weight. indicating significant
differences between the normal and stress conditions for all studied
characters except these four traits. The irrigation genotypes interactions
were found to be significant for days to maturity, flag leaf area , total
chlorophyll content, number of kernels per spike and 100-kernels weight .
Analysis of variance for the studied traits presented in Table 4.
The results indicated clearly that mean squares of genotypes, parents and
crosses were significant for all traits under normal and water stress
conditions. Mean squares for the interaction between parents and their F1's
were significant for all traits under both conditions except grain filling
period, total chlorophyll content, number of kernels/spike at normal
condition, days to maturity and number of spike/ plant at water stress
condition. This results reflected in indication of heterosis for these
characters. These results agree with those previously reported by Mohamed
(2004) and Farhat (2005).
General and Specific combining ability mean squares presented in
Table (4) were highly significant for all studied traits at normal and water
stress conditions, except specific combining ability for days to heading,
days to maturity, grain filling period and number of spikes per plant at water
stress condition. The GCA/SCA ratio was more than unity for most traits at
both conditions. This means that studied traits are predominantly controlled
by additive gene action . It therefore could be concluded that selection.
procedures based on the accumulation of additive effect would be more
effective in the early segregating generations. On the other hand, grain
filling rate, flag leaf area, no. of kernels per spike at water stress condition;
number of spikes per plant at normal condition; 100-kernels weight and
grain yield/plant at both conditions were mainly controlled by non-additive
gene action. These results are in general agreement with those previously
reported by Mohamed (2004) and El-Danasory (2005).
Table 3 . Combined analysis of variance for all characters over both conditions.
Source of
Variation
d.f
Days to
heading
Days to
maturity
Grain
filling
period
Grain
filling
rate
Flag Leaf
Area
Chlorophyll
content
Plant
height
No.of
spikes/plant
No.of
kernels/spike
100kernels
weight
Grain
yield/plant
Irrigations
47.792
101.162*
0.007
0.248*
336.012**
488.127**
5365.182**
185.058*
1.072
0.091
491.676*
Error
7.780
7.225
1.712
0.017
11.683
2.810
104.374
6.967
14.063
0.297
44.482
Genotypes
20
78.585**
25.205**
44.814**
0.078**
309.297**
16.875**
465.433**
17.066**
92.311**
0.513**
132.786**
Irri X
Geno
20
1.424
3.581**
2.887
0.007
40.878**
7.298**
10.606
2.784
13.707**
0.059**
13.594
Error
80
1.519
1.333
2.478
0.008
5.644
1.757
6.815
2.608
6.023
0.026
15.946
Table 4 : Mean squares from analysis of variance, for general and specific combining ability under normal and wate stress
conditions of all studied traits .
Source of
Variation
d.f
Genotypes
Rep
Parents
F1's
P. vs F1's
GCA
SCA
Error
GCA/SCA
20
2
5
14
1
5
15
40
-
Days to heading
Days to maturity
Normal
43.04**
1.07
73.86**
34.66**
6.16*
165.43**
2.24*
1.05
17.27
Normal
19.28**
4.64
23.01**
17.87**
20.27**
64.94**
4.07**
1.48
3.06
Stress
36.95**
14.38
57.94**
31.09**
13.94**
138.03**
3.25
1.99
13.50
Stress
9.17**
9.43**
12.53**
8.59**
0.49
31.84**
1.62
1.11
7.53
Grain filling
period
Normal Stress
23.57** 24.13**
2.14
1.29
30.67** 32.93**
22.69** 21.81**
0.07
12.74*
76.34** 81.48**
5.98**
5.14
2.04
2.91
2.36
4.40
Grain filling
rate
Normal Stress
0.05** 0.03**
0.02
0.02
0.09** 0.05**
0.03**
0.03*
0.39**
0.04*
0.13** 0.08**
0.02** 0.29**
0.01
0.01
1.50
0.03
Stress
218.56**
21.71*
523.62**
96.68**
399.53**
547.34**
108.96**
4.36
0.65
Chlorophyll
content
Normal Stress
8.77** 15.41**
5.07
0.55
18.17** 23.90**
5.98** 10.28**
0.80
44.69**
11.07** 25.57**
7.99** 12.02**
1.76
1.75
0.19
0.29
Table 4 : continued
Source of
Variation
d.f
Genotypes
Blocks
Parents
F1's
P. vs F1's
GCA
SCA
Error
GCA/SCA
20
2
5
14
1
5
15
40
-
No.of spikes/plant
No.of kernels/spike
100-kernels weight
Normal
Stress
Normal
Stress
Normal
Stress
Normal
Stress
Normal
Stress
261.79**
181.59**
166.16**
161.39**
324.29**
933.82**
37.79**
3.16
3.36
215.28**
28.58
442.57**
140.21**
129.93**
775.68**
28.48**
10.51
5.32
10.05**
3.49
14.18**
8.49**
11.23*
23.85**
5.45*
2.61
0.93
9.79**
10.44*
11.03*
9.97**
1.14
29.66**
3.17
2.59
5.83
61.12**
20.96*
112.16**
47.03**
3.21
180.87**
21.20**
5.20
1.37
44.90**
7.17
84.49**
28.76**
72.88**
78.96**
33.55**
6.84
0.34
0.26**
0.12**
0.26**
0.15**
1.77**
0.47**
0.19**
0.02
0.33
0.31**
0.48**
0.28**
0.16**
2.57**
0.53**
0.24**
0.03
0.30
82.25**
50.96*
139.18**
55.31**
174.79**
142.34**
62.22**
13.65
0.33
64.13**
38.00
76.33**
48.83*
217.42**
109.51**
49.00**
18.24
0.37
Estimates of GCA effects for parents genotypes for all traits at both
conditions were presented in Table (5) . Significant positive GCA effects
were found for all studied traits except days to heading, days to maturity and
grain filling period.
Based on GCA estimates, it could be concluded that the best
combiners at both environmental conditions for days to heading were Line
1, Sakha 61 and Sakha 93; for days to maturity Line 1 and Sakha 61; for
grain filling period Sakha 94, Gemmeiza 9 and Gemmeiza 10; for grain
filling rate Line 1 and Sakha 94; for flag leaf area Line 1 and Sakha 61; for
total chlorophyll content Sakha 61; for plant height Line1 ,Sakha 94 and
Gemmeiza 9; for no.spike / plant Sakha 61 and Sakha 94;for no. of kernels /
spike Line1 and Sakha 94; for 100-kernels weight was Line 1 ; for grain
yield per plant Line 1 and Sakha 94. These results indicated that these
genotypes could be considered as good combiners for improving these traits.
Estimates of SCA effects of crosses for all studied traits at both
conditions are presented in Table 6 . Significant positive SCA effects were
found for all studied traits except days to heading, days to maturity and
grain filling period.
Based on SCA estimates, it could be concluded that the best crosses
for days to heading was Sakha 94Gemmeiza 10 at water stress conditions;
for days to maturity was Line 1Sakha 94 at noraml conditions; for grain
filling period was Sakha 94 Gemmeiza 10 at both conditions; for grain
filling rate was Line1 Sakha 61 at normal condition; for flag leaf area
were Sakha 61Gemmeiza9, Sakha 93Gemmeiza 10 and Sakha
94Gemmeiza 10 at both conditions; for total chlorophyll content was
Sakha 61Sakha 94 at both conditions; for plant height were Sakha
93Gemmeiza 10 and Sakha 94Gemmeiza 9 at both conditions; for no.of
spikes per plant was Line1Sakha 61 at normal condition; for no.of kernels
/spike were Line1Gemmeiza 10, Sakha 61Gemmeiza 9 and Gemmeiza 9
Gemmeiza 10 at both conditions; for 100-kernel weight were Sakha
93Gemmeiza9 and Sakha 94Gemmeiza 9 at both conditions; for grain
yield per plant was Line1Sakha 61 at both conditions. These crosses could
be selected and used in breeding programs to improving these traits. These
results are in general agreement with those previously reported by Afiah
(1999),Mohamed(2004) and El-Danasory (2005).
Results presented in Table (7) indicated that the major assumptions
postulated for diallel analysis appeared to be valid for all traits at both
studied conditions, except days to heading at water stress condition and
grain yield at normal condition.
Table 5 : Estimates of general combining ability effects for all parental studied at both conditions.
Parents
L 1 (P1)
Skh.61 (P2)
Skh.93 (P3)
Skh.94 (P4)
Gem.9 (P5)
Gem.10 (P6)
0.05
LSD
(gi) 0.01
0.05
LSD
(gi-gj) 0.01
Days to heading
Normal
Stress
-1.38**
-1.00*
-2.98**
-2.70**
-2.54**
-2.38**
1.48**
0.96*
3.04**
3.16**
2.39**
1.9**
0.49
0.68
Days to maturity
Normal
Stress
-1.49**
-1.17**
-1.61**
-1.14**
0.16
-0.29
-0.97**
-0.17
2.16**
1.41**
1.75**
1.37**
0.58
0.51
Chlorophyll content
Normal
Stress
0.05
-0.08
1.02**
1.45**
-0.81*
0.94*
0.54
-0.16
-0.47
-1.04**
-0.33
-1.11**
0.64
0.63
0.77
1.06
0.92
0.79
1.07
1.28
0.06
0.07
1.98
1.57
0.99
0.99
0.76
1.05
0.90
0.78
1.06
1.27
0.06
0.07
1.95
1.55
0.98
0.98
1.19
1.65
1.42
1.23
1.66
1.99
0.09
0.11
3.06
2.43
1.54
1.54
Table 5 : continued
Parents
L. 1 (P1)
Skh.61 (P2)
Skh.93 (P3)
Skh.94 (P4)
Gem.9 (P5)
Gem.10 (P6)
0.05
LSD
(gi) 0.01
0.05
LSD
(gi-gj) 0.01
No.of spikes/plant
Normal
Stress
-0.64
-0.57
1.12*
1.52*
0.18
-0.39
1.04*
1.29*
-1.46**
-0.81
-0.23
-1.04*
0.77
0.99
No.of kernels/spike
Normal
Stress
1.42*
2.32**
-3.20**
-1.46*
-3.32**
-1.77*
3.33**
2.06**
1.82**
0.08
-0.05
-1.23
1.09
1.25
100-kernels weight
Normal
Stress
0.19**
0.22**
-0.18**
-0.10*
0.06
0.13*
0.08*
-0.06
0.11*
-0.01
-0.07*
-0.18**
0.07
0.09
Grain yield/plant
Normal
Stress
2.99**
3.11*
-1.23
-1.05
-2.00*
-1.43
2.91**
2.24*
-0.08
0.79
-2.59*
-2.08*
1.77
2.05
1.33
2.44
1.23
1.56
1.71
1.96
0.11
0.13
2.78
3.21
1.31
2.41
1.20
1.54
1.41
1.62
0.11
0.13
2.74
3.17
2.06
3.77
1.88
2.41
1.96
2.25
0.17
0.21
4.30
4.97
Table 6 : Estimates of specific combining ability effects for all crosses at both conditions.
Crosses
L.1 X SKH.61
L.1 X SKH.93
L.1 X SKH.94
L.1 X GEM.9
L.1 X GEM.10
SKH.61 X SKH.93
SKH.61 X SKH.94
SKH.61 X GEM.9
SKH.61 X GEM.10
SKH.93 X SKH.94
SKH.93 X GEM.9
SKH.93 X GEM.10
SKH.94 X GEM.9
SKH.94 X GEM.10
GEM.9 X GEM.10
0.05
LSD
(Sij) 0.01
0.05
LSD
(Sij-Sik) 0.01
0.05
LSD
(Sij-Skl) 0.01
Days to heading
Normal
Stress
-1.12
-0.97
0.37
0.47
-0.65
-1.01
-0.32
-0.97
-1.57**
0.16
-0.86
-1.00
-0.01
-0.31
0.45
0.32
0.57
0.06
-0.05
-0.80
-1.02
-0.74
0.43
0.07
0.83
1.62*
0.31
-1.74*
-0.33
0.39
1.13
1.55
Days to maturity
Normal Stress
-0.38
-1.11
-0.49
0.32
-2.12**
-0.04
0.18
0.21
-0.47
0.82
-0.13
-0.15
-0.39
-0.87
-1.23
0.61
0.12
1.06
-0.37
-0.34
1.53*
-0.12
-0.39
-0.28
-1.47*
0.35
0.04
1.23
0.21
-0.86
1.34
1.16
Chlorophyll content
Normal
Stress
-2.90**
-0.65
0.19
-2.04**
-2.03**
-0.74
2.01*
0.87
0.21
2.38**
-0.98
-1.66**
2.07**
3.59**
-1.09
0.18
0.44
-0.71
-0.60
3.25**
1.04
1.69**
2.59**
0.67
-0.21
-0.01
0.48
0.09
-0.15
1.07
1.46
1.45
1.54
2.15
1.86
1.61
2.18
2.60
0.13
0.13
4.01
3.18
2.02
2.02
1.68
2.32
1.99
1.73
2.34
2.79
0.13
0.16
4.31
3.42
2.17
2.17
2.33
3.21
2.77
2.39
3.25
3.88
0.19
0.23
5.98
4.75
3.02
3.01
1.56
2.14
1.85
1.59
2.17
2.59
0.13
0.15
3.99
3.17
2.01
2.01
2.16
2.98
2.56
2.22
3.01
3.59
0.17
0.21
5.54
4.39
2.79
2.79
Table 6 : continued
Crosses
L.1 X SKH.61
L.1 X SKH.93
L.1 X SKH.94
L.1 X GEM.9
L.1 X GEM.10
SKH.61 X SKH.93
SKH.61 X SKH.94
SKH.61 X GEM.9
SKH.61 X GEM.10
SKH.93 X SKH.94
SKH.93 X GEM.9
SKH.93 X GEM.10
SKH.94 X GEM.9
SKH.94 X GEM.10
GEM.9 X GEM.10
0.05
LSD
(sij) 0.01
0.05
LSD
(Sij-Sik) 0.01
0.05
LSD
(Sij-Skj) 0.01
No.of spikes/plant
No.of kernels/spike
Normal
1.10
3.57**
2.48*
-1.99*
0.27
0.46
3.17**
3.59**
3.41**
-1.37
-1.95*
4.67**
2.47*
-1.12
2.47
1.95
Normal
1.82*
-1.91*
-0.71
-0.07
-1.16
0.17
0.24
-1.82*
-0.66
0.44
1.08
0.15
-1.78*
-1.55
1.76
1.78
Stress
-0.29
-0.46
1.22
-0.14
-1.11
0.59
1.31
-0.59
1.41
0.39
0.76
0.12
-1.59
-1.47
0.87
2.27
Normal
1.45
-0.62
0.68
-0.21
2.57*
-1.92
0.41
2.54*
-0.45
-0.49
-3.07*
1.74
-4.59**
-0.51
4.62**
2.50
Stress
1.45
-0.62
0.68
-0.21
2.57*
-1.92
0.41
2.54*
-0.45
-0.49
-3.07*
1.74
-4.59**
-0.51
4.62**
2.50
Normal
-0.10
0.01
0.06
0.29**
0.09
-0.14
0.12
0.35**
0.23*
0.10
0.21*
0.14
0.22**
0.07
-0.07
0.16
100-kernels weight
Stress
0.30**
-0.02
0.07
0.03
0.24*
-0.01
0.05
0.12
0.34**
0.16
0.44**
0.04
0.20*
0.03
-0.09
0.19
Normal
7.72**
-0.19
2.11
-0.89
-1.13
-2.52
0.59
1.02
3.95
1.01
7.61**
1.39
-4.75*
-5.14*
5.01*
4.06
Grain yield/plant
Stress
4.23**
-2.68
3.96
1.35
-3.60
-1.93
3.37
5.10*
1.05
4.42*
1.88
3.86
-5.45**
-1.53
3.61
4.69
2.71
4.94
2.46
3.16
3.48
3.48
0.22
0.27
5.63
6.51
2.91
5.31
2.65
3.39
3.74
3.74
0.24
0.29
6.05
6.99
4.04
7.37
3.68
4.71
5.19
5.19
0.33
0.40
8.40
9.71
2.69
4.92
2.45
3.14
3.46
3.46
0.22
0.27
5.60
6.48
3.74
6.83
3.40
4.36
4.80
4.80
0.31
0.37
7.78
8.99
Cond.
t2
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
0.01
12.57**
1.25
1.33
1.80
1.74
0.22
2.72
0.14
1.95
0.15
0.03
0.12
1.59
2.25
0.71
1.43
0.65
2.41
2.40
6.14**
0.01
Regression
coefficient
0.990.10
0.730.06
0.600.21
0.830.11
0.700.15
0.850.09
0.970.28
1.210.17
0.940.30
1.190.22
0.750.44
0.850.31
0.970.06
1.110.11
1.170.15
0.710.20
0.880.68
0.7260
0.160.24
0.140.24
1.440.28
0.930.20
t value for
b=0
9.59**
11.72**
2.91*
7.52**
4.54*
9.10**
3.44*
6.91**
3.17*
5.38**
1.69
2.76
15.44**
9.78**
7.55**
3.56*
1.29
1.20
0.66
0.56
5.15**
4.73**
t value for
b=1
0.11
4.23
1.91
1.50
1.94
1.63
0.10
-1.18
0.22
-0.87
0.56
0.47
0.48
-0.98
-1.10
1.45
0.18
0.46
3.51*
3.58*
-1.57
0.33
Both additive (D) and dominance (H1 and H2) gene effects as
presented in Table (8) were significant for most traits at both conditions
except dominance gene effects for days to maturity, no. of spikes/plant at
water stress condition, grain filling period and (H2) for number of kernels/
spike at normal condition.
The additive gene effects were more important than dominance for
all traits at normal and water stress conditions, except grain filling rate,
number of kernels/spike and grain yield/plant at water stress condition,
number of spikes/ plant at normal condition, total chlorophyll content and
100-kernels weight at both conditions.
The dominance effect ( h2 ), were significant or highly significant
for all traits at both conditions. except, grain filling period, flag leaf area,
total chlorophyll content at normal condition, number of kernels/spike at
water stress condition and number of spikes/plant at both conditions. The
observed positive and significant dominance effect values indicated that the
Table 8. Estimates of genetic components of variance for the studied traits at both conditions
Characters
Cond.
N
Days to heading
S
N
Days to maturity
S
N
Grain filling period
S
N
Grain filling rate
S
N
Flag leaf area
S
N
Chlorophyll content
S
N
Plant height
S
N
No.of spikes/plant
S
N
No.of kernels/spike
S
N
100-kernels weight
S
N
Grain yield plant
S
N= normal irrigation, S=Stress
D
24.25** 0.20
7.12**0.57
3.72**0.29
9.54**1.43
9.97**0.55
0.029**0.003
0.015**0.001
86.17**6.06
172.81**11.9
5.42**0.98
7.40**1.68
172.89**1.47
144.03 **2.81
3.81**0.40
2.69**0.50
35.39**4.65
25.89**5.65
0.08**0.02
0.07**0.02
19.04**2.76
F
-3.92**0.50
-3.92 **1.40
-1.91**0.71
-3.413.49
-4.32**1.34
0.016*0.007
0.0040.001
41.69**14.81
133.89**29.06
6.90**2.39
5.964.11
25.97**3.59
24.32**6.87
0.310.98
-2.43*1.23
14.9611.36
27.13*13.81
0.020.04
-0.020.04
4.396.75
H1
2.16**0.52
3.87**1.45
0.990.74
6.693.62
4.00**1.40
0.026**0.007
0.016**0.001
65.57**15.39
142.61**30.20
10.36**2.48
14.05**4.27
29.931**3.73
26.25**7.14
4.81**1.02
1.951.28
28.17*11.81
42.72**14.35
0.18**0.04
0.17**0.04
42.46**7.02
H2
1.71**0.46
2.89*1.30
0.960.66
6.033.24
4.01**1.25
0.021**0.006
0.016**0.001
53.44**13.75
110.29**26.98
7.93**2.22
12.05**3.82
28.59**3.33
22.52**6.37
4.73**0.91
1.861.14
18.8910.55
30.69*12.82
0.16**0.04
0.15**0.04
42.27**6.27
h2
1.19**0.31
4.02**0.87
-1.67**0.45
-0.292.18
2.591*0.84
0.014**0.004
0.012**0.001
13.129.25
85.36**18.16
-0.181.49
9.34**2.57
67.93**2.24
26.03**4.29
1.90**0.61
-0.400.77
-0.4117.10
14.488.63
0.38**0.03
0.38**0.03
43.39**4.22
E
0.35**0.08
0.54*0.22
0.50**0.11
0.680.54
0.95**0.21
0.002*0.001
0.003**0.001
2.232.29
1.734.49
0.640.37
0.570.64
3.90**0.56
3.79**1.06
0.89**0.15
0.99**0.19
1.981.76
2.292.14
0.010.01
0.01*0.01
6.40**1.05
N
0.74
Days to maturity
S
0.52
N
0.84
Grain filling period
S
0.63
N
0.94
Grain filling rate
S
1.04
N
0.87
Flag Leaf Area
S
0.91
N
1.38
Chlorophyll content
S
1.38
N
0.42
Plant height
S
0.43
N
1.12
No.of spikes/plant
S
0.82
N
0.89
No.of kernels/spike
S
1.28
N
1.53
100-kernels weight
S
1.53
N
H2/4H1
0.20
0.19
0.24
0.23
0.25
0.20
0.23
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.22
0.24
0.21
0.25
0.24
0.17
0.18
0.22
0.22
0.25
KD/KR
0.57
0.46
0.34
0.65
0.49
1.82
1.30
1.77
2.49
2.71
1.83
1.44
1.49
1.08
0.31
1.62
2.38
1.20
1.15
1.17
h2/H2
0.70
1.39
-0.17
-0.05
0.65
0.68
0.74
0.25
0.77
-0.02
0.78
2.38
1.13
0.40
-0.22
-0.02
0.47
2.39
2.53
1.02
h2(n.s)
0.95
0.83
0.79
0.76
0.79
0.55
0.46
0.65
0.55
0.15
0.32
0.87
0.87
0.46
0.64
0.69
0.35
0.45
0.43
0.30
h2(b.s)
0.98
0.93
0.86
0.92
0.90
0.86
0.77
0.95
0.97
0.79
0.89
0.95
0.95
0.77
0.76
0.91
0.85
0.90
0.84
0.74
1 1 1
2
. - - -1
- -2
2005/2004 2004/2003
.
15 2004/2003 15
( 4)
. 2005/2004 ) (
-1
100.
-2
. /
100
.
-3
.
100
.
-4
100
.
1 94
.