Are You Ready for Calculus - Answers

1. ( x 4)( x 4) + 2. (3x 2)( 2x 1) + 3. x( x 5)( 4x 1) +

4. Cannot be factored 5.
2
( x 3)( x 3x 9) + + 6.
2
( x 2)( x 2x 4) + +

7.
2
( 2x 3) [( 2x 3)( x 1) ( x 3)] + +
2 2
( 2x 3) [( 2x x 3) ( x 3)] +

2 2
( 2x 3) ( 2x 6)
2 2
2( 2x 3) ( x 3)
8. 14 9. 2 or
1
3
10. yx z( x 1) yx zx z = + = +

z
yx z x z x( y z) z x
y z
= = =

11. 1 , 5 or 6

12.
3
x 1 3 + =
3 3 3
( x 1 ) 3 + = x + 1 = 27 x = 26

13. 25 14.
x
1
3
81
=
x
4
1
3
3
=
x
3 = 3
4
x = - 4
15. log
8
1
x
3
= 8
1
3

= x
1
3
1
x
8
=
3
1
8
= x x =
1
2

16.
2 2
( 2 x ) ( x 3) =
2
4x x 6x 9 = +
2
x 10x 9 0 + =
( x 9)( x 1) 0 = x = 1 or x = 9 ; however, since x = 1 is extraneous,
x = 9 is the only solution.

17.
1
x 3

=
1
3
x
= 1 = - 3x x =
1
3


18.
1 5
x
2

= 19.
2
( x 3) 16 =
2
( x 3) 16 =
x - 3 = - 4 or x - 3 = 4 x = 7 or x = - 1

20. If a fraction = 0, then the numerator = 0. 2x - 1 = 0 2x - 1 x =
1
2

21. Use synthetic division/substitution to find x = 1 , x = 3 or x = - 2

22. yes 23. no 24. yes 25. yes

26. x
2
+ 4x + 3 coefficient of x
2
is one (1), so we start by dividing the coefficient of x
which is 4 by 2 getting two (2), this 2 is squared giving four (4) now add and subtract
the 4 x
2
+ 4x + 3 + 4 - 4 rearranging we have x
2
+ 4x + 4 + 3 - 4
the x
2
+ 4x + 4 is a perfect square that can be written as ( x + 2 )
2
, so the final
answer is (x + 2)
2
- 1


27. First, get all the squared variable terms (ys) on one side of the equation 9y
2
- 6y = x + 9,
next divide both sides by 9 so that the coefficient of y
2
is one (1). y
2
-
2
3
y =
1
9
x + 1,
next divide the coefficient of y which is
3
2
by 2 , giving
3
1
, now square (
1
3

)
producing
9
1
. Add
9
1
to both sides; producing y
2
-
3
2
y +
9
1
=
9
1
x + 1 +
9
1

the left side is a perfect square so the equation can be rewritten as
( y -
1
3
)
2
=
1
9
x +
10
9
or ( y -
1
3
)
2
=
1
9
( x + 10 )

28. log
2
5 + log
2
( x
2
- 1 ) - log
2
( x - 1 ) log
2
[5( x
2
- 1) ( x - 1)]
log
2
( 5x + 5 )

29. 2log
4
9 - log
2
3 log
4
(9
2
) - log
2
3 log
2
2
(

9
2
) - log
2
3
log
2
9 - log
2
3 log
2
(
9
3
) log
2
3

30. 3
5 log 2
3

3
log
3
25
25

31.
x
a
+
y
b
+
z
c
= 1
x
a
= 1
y
b

z
c



x
a
=
bc
bc

yc
bc

zb
bc

x
a
=
bc yc zb
bc



a

( bc yc zb ) = x

bc a =
xbc
bc yc zb


32. A =
2
2 r 2 r h t + t this is a quadratic equation in r, with
a = 2t , b = 2 h t and c = - A

r =
2
2 h ( 2 h) 4(2 ) ( A)
2(2 )
t t t
t
=
2
2 h 4[( h) 2 A]
2(2 )
t t + t
t


r =
2
( h) 2 A h
2
t + t t
t
for r > 0


33. y =
( x 3) 1 for x 3 x 2 for x 3
y
x 3 1 for x 3 x 4 for x 3
+ + < <
=
` `
+ + > + >
) )



34. y =
( x) 2
for x 0 x 2
for x 0 x 2
x 2 y
x 2
for x 0, x 2 1 for x 0, x 2
x 2

<

<

=
` `

> = > =
)

)


35. D : x 0 = R : y 0 = 36. D : 9 R : 0 < y s 1 ( 1 s denominator < )

37. D : x > 4 R : y > 0

38. D :
2
x 3x 4 0 ( x 4)( x 1) 0 x 4 or x 1 > + > > s
R : y 0 >

39. f (x) =
x
x 2 +
x =
y
y 2 +
xy + 2x = y

2x = y - xy y - xy = 2x y ( 1 - x ) = 2x

y =
2x
1 x
( )
1
2x
f x
1 x

40. f (x) =
x
3 x =
y
3 y = log
3
x
1
f (x)

= log
3
x

41. f (h(x)) = ( x + 3)
3
+ 1 =
3 2
x 9x 27x 27 1 + + + + =
3 2
x 9x 27x 28 + + +

42. g (f (x)) =
3 2
( x 1) 2 + =
6 3
x 2x 1 2 + + =
6 3
x 2x 1 +

43. h (g (x)) =
2
x 2 3 + =
2
x 1 +

44. 7x + y = 19 y = 19 - 7x thus

y = 19 - 7x and y =
2
x 2x 9 + + 19 - 7x =
2
x 2x 9 + +


2
x 9x 10 0 + = ( x 10)( x 1) 0 + = x = 1 or x = - 10

if x = 1 , then y = 19 - 7(1) = 12

if x = - 10 , then y = 19 - 7(- 10) = 89

45. y = x + 7 and y =
2
x 2x 5 + + x + 7 =
2
x 2x 5 + +


2
x x 2 0 + = ( x + 2 )( x 1 ) = 0 x = - 2 or x = 1

if x = - 2 , then y = - 2 + 7 = 5

if x = 1 , then y = 1 + 7 = 8



46. The volume of a sphere is
3
4
r
3
t 47. The volume of a cylinder is
2
r h t

48. The volume of a cone is
2
1
r h
3
t 49. The volume of a box with a square base is
2
s h

50. The surface area of a sphere is
2
4 r t 51. The area of a trapezoid is
1 2
1
( b b ) h
2
+

52. The surface area of a cylinder with no top is
2
2 r h r t + t

53. Use similar triangles. Let x be the length of the mans shadow.


6 x
6x 60 20x
20 x 10
30
14x 60 x feet
7
= + =
+
= =



54. Use similar triangles again. Let x be the radius of the water, when the depth is 8 inches.


8 x 8
32 12x x inches
12 4 3
= = =




55. Vertical asymptote(s): x 1 = 0 x = 1
Horizontal asymptote(s): y =
x
1
lim 0
x 1

and y =
x
1
lim 0
x 1

. Thus y = 0.

56. Vert. asymptote(s):
2 2 2
x 9 0 x 9 0 x 9 x 3 = = = =
Horizontal asymptote(s): y =
2 x
x
lim 1
x 9

& y =
2 x
x
lim 1
x 9

; y = 1

57.
4
n 1
2n 1 ( 2 1 1) ( 2 2 1) ( 2 3 1) ( 2 4 1) 3 5 7 9 24
=
+ = + + + + + + + = + + + =

58.
7
n 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
=
= + + + + + =

59. True 60. True 61. False 62. False 63. True 64. False 65. True


66. False 67. False 68. True 69. False 70. False 71. True

x
10
6
20
x
12
4
8
72. Graphing Calculator needed: x = - 10.674 , x = - 1.373 & x = 2.047

73. Graphing Calculator needed: point of intersection is ( 2.087 , 8.173 )

74. Graphing Calculator needed: maximum is - 3.528 , occurred at x = 0.630

75. Graphing Calculator needed: f is increasing for x < 0.630

76. cot x =
cos x 1
or
sin x tan x
77. cos
2
x 1 is not an identity ; - sin
2
x

78. tan
2
x 79. cos
2
x =
1 cos 2x
2
+
80. 2 sin x cos x

81. cos
2
x sin
2
x 82. period is 1
t
=
t
83. period is
2
6
t

=
3
t


84.
1
2
85. 1 86.
6
t
87.
1 1
2
5 1
sin ( )
6 2
= =
t


88.
6
t
89. tan
1
( - 1 )
sin x
1
cos x
= x =
4
t


90. x =
5
or
4 4
t t
91. cos 4x = -
1
2
4x =
2
2 n
3
t
t or

4x =
4
2 n
3
t
t x =
n
6 2
t t
or x =
n
3 2
t t
where n is an integer

92. 2 sin x cos x = 0 sin x = 0 or cos x = 0 x =
n
, where n
2 2
t t
e

93. sin
2
x + sin

x = 0 sin

x

( sin

x + 1 ) = 0 sin

x = 0 or sin

x + 1 = 0

sin

x = 0 or sin

x = - 1 x = 0 , t ,
2
3t
, 2t on [ 0 , 2t ]

94. cos
2
x + sin

x = 1 ( 1 - sin
2
x ) + sin

x = 1 sin
2
x - sin

x = 0

sin

x

( sin

x - 1 ) = 0 sin

x = 0 or sin

x - 1 = 0

sin

x = 0 or sin

x = 1 x = 0 ,
2
t
, t , t 2 on [ 0 , 2t ]









95. , 1 4x , < 5 - 5 < 1 4x < 5 - 6 < - 4x < 4


2
3
> x > - 1 or - 1 < x <
2
3

- 1 0
3
2


96. , 1 2x , > 3 1 2x < - 3 or 1 2x > 3 - 2x < - 4 or - 2x > 2

x < - 1 or x > 2
- 1 0 2


97. Use point slope: y (- 4) = 5 (x 3) y + 4 = 5x 15 y = 5x 19

98. 4x + 2y = - 1 2y = - 4x 1 y = - 2x
1
2
since parallel lines

have the same slope, m = - 2 ; use point slope: y 1 = -2 x (-2)

y 1 = -2 (x + 2) y 1 = - 2x 4 y = - 2x 3

99. m = 0 y 1 = 0(x (- 5)) y 1 = 0 y = 1

100. 3x + 4y = - 7 4y = - 3x 7 y = -
3 7
x
4 4


since perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes: m =
4
3
and with the origin as

our point y 0 =
4
3
( x 0 ) y =
4
3
x

101. Lines with undefined slopes are vertical lines. x = 4