8

Fw.Fw AIv_

\_n\nmkn\na: \apv {]Xn-tj-[n-pI

hm-b-\-m-cp-sS- kw-hm-ZwXncpsamgn

4
7

A_q AZo_v

]cnWmahpw P\nXIimkv{Xhpw
F.Fw lpssk

Xncphmdnkw ss{IkvXh hncpw

26

Cuk s]cpmhq

Iq-Sn-m-gvN
- BkvXn-I-Xbpw \mkvXn-I-Xbpw

33
35

F.-hn. ^nZukv

\_n\nmkn\nabpw apkvenw{]XnIcWfpw
]p-kvX
- I
- w- - H]Xv / e-w- \mev / 2012 Htm_
1433 ZpJAZ

Bjnv juv

43

XpScp {]hmNI\nbpw...
hn. \nbmkv

47

hn-ip- ]m-X
A-_q-A-ao

Internet Edition: www.snehasamvadam.com

Email: editor@snehasamvadam.com
For Online Booking: www.islamicbookshelf.com

50

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers,
Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth,
PB No:1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19, Tel: 0484 2301275, Fax: 0484 2301175

hm-b-\-m-cp-sSkw-hm-Zw-

_lp-`m-cyXzw: Cc-bpsS `mKw

tUm. sI.-sI. A_vZp eo-^v
tIc-f
- nse apkvenw kap-Zm-b
- n a[y-Ime Nn-Ifpw BNm-c-fpw
]p-\c
- p-o-hn-n-p-hm-\p {ia-ns
`m-K-ambn bmYm-n-XnI kaqlw _lp-`m-cyXzw XncnsI sImp-hc
- m {ianp--Xmbn ImWp-p. hnhn[ kap-Zmb--f
- p-ambn hj-f
- m-bp k-
-
- hpw kmwkvIm-cnI ka-\z-bh
- pw-aqew _lp-`m-cyXzw an-hmdpw A{]-Xy--ambn-sm-n-cp ka-b
- mWv Hcp kmwkvI
- m-cnI A[n-\n-th-i
- ns cq]-n _lp-`m-cyXzw apkve
- nw-In-Sb
- n
]p-\x-{]-th-i-\-n\v {ian-p--Xv.
AXnXs {it-b-amb Hcp hkvX
- pX an-hmdpw 60-70 hb-kp [\nI-cmb ]pcp-j-m cmw `mcybpw aqm-w `mcybpw Bbn sXc-s-Sp-pXv Zcn{Z IpSpw-_
- f
- nse 15-18 hbkv
am-{Xw {]mb-ap s]Ip-n-Is
- f-bmWv
F-X
- m-Wv. Nne k`-f
- n cmw
hn-hmlw Ignv Ipn-Ifpw ap-am-bti-jw am{Xsa BZy `mcy cmw hnhml-s-]n Adn-bp-p-t]m-ep-ap-q.
]cn-N-b-ap IpSpw-_-n \S
H-cp cmw sIn-s\-Xnsc CubnsS Fgpp-I-fn-eqsS {]Xn-I-cn--tm adp-]-Snsb-tmWw X]m-en Hcp ]pkvXIw
In-n. kpssl Np-d F Hcp
te-JI
- s _lp-`m-cyXzw {]iv\tam ]cn-lm-ctam F Hcp ]pkvX-Iw. ap-kvenw kap-Zm-b-n Ctm \ne-\n--

p- Ipsd-tbsd {]iv\
- v _lp`m-cyXzamWv ]cn-lmcw FmWv A-tlw kaYn-n-cn-p--Xv. Fw.-Fw. AIv_
- F At-l
- ns kl-te-JI- ]d-bp-Xv _lp-`m-cyXzw FXv
{]-Ir-Xn-]c
- a
- mWv Fm-W.v BZy-`m-cy-bpsS sshIm-cnI {]iv\-p adp]-Sn-bmbn Atlw ]d-Xv AXv Ah- ]S--hs ]co--W-ambn Icp-XW-sapw Bb-Xn\v ]c-tem-Iv {]Xn^-ew Inp-sapw a\-n-emn AXpam-bn s]mcp-s
- -SWw Fp-am-Wv.
kvt\l kwhmZw amkn-Ib
- n (2012
Pqsse ew) AXm^v Am-n-pv
F- teJ-I kpZoL-am-bn-Xs _lp--`m-cy-Xz-s-p-dnv Fgp-Xp-p. hnh-mlw Hcp ]pWy-Iaw Bb-Xn-\m
H-m-at- Xv t]mse-Xs cm-at- Xpw Hcp ]pWy-ambn Icp-XW
- s
- a-mWv
A-tlw ]d-bp-X
- v. Ckve
- m-an hn-hmlw FXv hc\pw h[p-hns cnXm-hpw Xn-ep Hcp DS-Sn-bm-sW-pw B \nbaw Xs-bmWv Hmw hnhm--l
- n\pw cmw hnhm-l
- n\pw aqm-w hnhm-l
- n\pw D-sXpw BbXn-\m cmw hnhm-l-n\v BZy `mcy-bpsS kXw Bh-iy-an Fpw At-lw kaYn-p-p. Hcp kl-`m-cysb
D-sm-p-hm apkvenw kv{XoI Xm-dm-IW
- s
- apw apkvenw ]pcp-jam
_-lp-`m-cy-Xzs \ncm-I-cn-msX (c2012 Htm_

m-aXpw sIn!) AXn-\p Da amXrI--I BI-Ws

- apw Atlw B-lzm\-w sNp-p. kXy-n _lp-`m-cyXz--n-\p apkvenw ]pcp-js [m-j-v-Syw \nd Ah-Imi {]Jym-]-\-amWv Cu teJ-\-n ImWp--Xv.
Ccp-]-smmw \qm-nepw Cn[-ap Nnm-KX
- nbpw hnNn-{X-amb hmZap-J-fpw \ne-\npp Fp-Xv
Xn-Ipw tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. C{Xbpw \oXn\n-tj[w \nd-, kv{Xo hncp--amb
\n-tZi- A`n-Im-ay-amb KpW-ambn
s]m-Xp-P\
- k
- a
- w aptm-p-sh-pp
F-Xv s]mXp-k-aq-l-n\v A]-am-\I-ca
- m-Wv.
_lp-`m-cy-Xz-ns Zqjy-^e
-
-
G-sdbpw A\p-`h
- n-t-n-hc
- p- "b-YmY Cc' a[y hbkv ]nn BZy `mcybm-Wv. B {]mbamIp-tm-tgpw cnXm- an-hmdpw ac-W-s-n-cn-pw.
ktlm-Zc
-
- Ah-cp-tS-Xmb IpSpw-_{]-iv\--fp-ambn \op-I-bm-bn-cn-pw.
]n-p-Sm-hI
- m-ia
- mbn cn-Xm-f
- n-\n-v e`n kzv t]mepw hnhn[ Bh-iy-mbn `mhv D]-tbm-Kn-ncn-pw. kz-ambn BkvXntbm [\mK-a amKtam Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. B-pw Hcp `mcamIm B{K-ln-m
A-hv `m-hns ]pXnb B{Kl--fp-ambn ka-c-k-s-p-t]m-Im am{X-sa \nhm-l-ap-q. aXw \ncp-]m-[nIw A\p-h-Zn-n-cn-p Imcy-amWv _lp-`m-cyXzw F [mcW ASn-t]n-s--Xp-aqew Cu A\o-Xn-s-Xnsc
{]-Xn-Ic
- n-p-hmt\m Dds Ic-bmt]meptam km[n-m--hn-[-n Xo-pw \n-lm-bm-h--bn-emWv BZy
`m-cy-am.
Cu k`-n Hcp Cc-bpsS ho-W-tIm-Wn\n-p-sImv Cm-cyn aX-]-chpw kmaq-ly-]-c-hp-amb
Ah-tem-I\w \S-t-Xv Bh-iy-amWv. Ckvemw aXw _lp-`m-cyXzw \ncp]m-[nIw AwKo-Ic
- n-n-cn-pp FmWv
s]mXpsh kaqlw IW-m-n-bn-cn-p-Xv. apkve
- nw-If
- psS thZ-{K-a
- mb Izp-B _lp-`m-cy-Xz-s-p-dnv ]cmain-p hmIy- {in-p-I. ""\n-v bo-ap-It- fmSv (A-\m-Yt- cmSpw
hn[-h-I-tfm-Spw) \oXn ]pep-hm

I-gn-bp-Ib
- n Fv `b-s-Sp-p-sh-n,
\n-v \mbn tXmp kv{- Xo-Isf hnhmlw sNmw. ctm aqtm \mtem. Fm Ahn-Sb
- n \oXn ]pe-p-hm Ign-bp-Ib
- n Fv `b-sSp-p-sh-n Hp-am{Xw'' (A\nk

4:3). ""F{X-Xs B{K-l-ap-s-nepw

\n-f
- psS `mcy-amn-Sb
- n kaXzw ]men--p-hm \nv Ign-bp-I-bn.''
(4:1-29).
{]ikvX Izp-B hymJym-Xmhv A_v-Zpm bqk^v Aen-bpsS hymJym\

Fp-sImv apl-Zv \_n hnain--s-Spp

\_n hopw s]mXpkaqln {Iqcambn hnainspsIm-ncn-pIbmWv. PohnXns kakvX taJeIfnepw s]mXpkX\mbncp
Hcm FpsImmWv C{X _o`amb cq]n A]lknsSpXv
F-t\zjnm XnIpw hn`namb DcntemWv \mw sNspI.
\_nbpsS P\\w _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-In-S-bn-em-bncps-nepw H-cn-t]mepw Atlw ]c-ssZ-h-sf Bcm-[n-n-cp-n-. \mn \S-p
F-m Xn-I-tfmSpw Atlw hncn Imn-. AXpsIm-p-Xs Fm-h-cmepw Atlw BZ-cn-s
- -p. \njv]
- a
- XnI am{X-a
- , ]-]m-Xn-Ihsc
\_nbpsS hynXzw hmgvn-tm-p. \m]Xv hj-mew Atd-_y
P\-Xb
- psS CjvSt- Xm-g\
- mbn Fm-hc
- mbpw {]iw-kn-s
- Xncp-Zq-X Ad_n
`mj-bn hniz-kvX FYw hcp Aao F \ma-n-emWv Adn-bs-n-cp-X
- v. Jpssd-in-In-Sb
- n Fp- Xw DS-se-Sp-mepw Ah-km\ hmn-\mbn Ah A--A-ao-\n-s\-bmWv B{i-bn-n-cp--Xv.
Xs \m]-Xm-as hb-n \_nv Pn_v-co apJm-ncw Amlp--hns I]-\-sb-n. GIssZhs am{Xw Bcm-[n-pI Fv P\n-Sb
- n {]t_m-[\w sNm thn-bm-bn-cpp AXv. XpSv BZyw
cl-ky-ambpw ]noSv ]c-ky-ambpw Atlw XuloZo{]t_m-[\w Bcw-`np. ]ecpw kXy-k-t-i-apsmv apkv-enw-I-fmbn amdn. BZyw hniz-knXv kl-[anWn JZo-Pm-_o-hn-bm-bn-cp-p. Ah-cmWv \_nv {]t_m[\w XpS-cm ss[cyhpw t{]mm-l-\hpw \In-b-Xv. XpSv A_q-_-, Da, DYvam - XpS-nb ]e {]ap-J-cpw Ien-a Gp-sNm-n. ssZ\wZn\w Ckvemw Bt-jn-p--h-cpsS Fw IqSn-qSn hp. Amlp AmsX asmcp ssZhw temI-n-spw As\ Bsc-nepw Bcm-[n-pp-s-n Ah-sc-sbms hPnv bYmY ssZhs Bcm-[n-W
- s
- av
]cky{]Jym-]\w \S-n-bt- XmsS \_n-tbmSv Jpssd-in-Ip i{XpX
h[n-p. Cu {]Jym-]-\-tmsS Jpssd-in-I-fpsS CjvS-tXm-g\pw hniz-kvX\p-amb apl--Zv \nIr-\pw {`m-\p-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn--s-p. ]e ep-\npw Atlw Bn-tbm-Sn--s-p. ]cn-lm-khpw aZ\hpw Ak-lyam-bt- m A\p-bm-bn-If
- p-ambn Atlw a hnSm \n_-n-X\
- m-bn. Xnanw aZo-\-bn Fp-Ibpw {]t_m-[\w XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
ss__n-fn {]kvXm-hn ZqXs hchpw {]Xo-n-n-cp ss{I-kv-X-hk-aq-lw, B ZqX apl--Zm-sWv Ah-cpsS thZ-{K--n ]d ASbm--f- Iv Xncn--dn--tm, Jpssdin tKm{X-n P\n-p-h-f Htc--sbmcp Imc-W-m Ah \_nsb XnckvIcnp. ]noSv i{Xp-fpam-bp {]Xntcm[w IqSnqSn hp. Atlns acWtijhpw AXv
Xp-Scpp. Ctmgp hnhmZkn\nabpw AXns krn XsbmWv. ]s,
Im-bnIambn t\cnnv t]mepw XIm Ignbm {]hmNIZi\hpw
A-t-lneqsS ]qoIcn Ckvemapw ZznKznPbw t\SpI Xs sNpw.
A-Xn\v Ccw hne Id Hcmtcm]Whpw XSamIn. \mY A\p-{Kln-pamdmIs.
knZv l _m^Jn
2012 Htm_

{]-Imcw DlvZv bp-n-\ptijamWv

Cu kq- Cd-n-b-Xv. Cu bpn- ]e ]pcp-jampw Poh \jv-S-s-Sp-Ibpw As\ [mcmfw hn[h-Ifpw A\m-Ycpw krjvSn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw
sN-bvXp. Cu k`-n {]k--amb Hcp k`m-\p-NnX shfn-s-Sp-ep-IfmWv Cu hmIy-. (bq-k^v Aen-: ASn-p-dnv 508). AXm-bXv Cu k-`-nepw CXn\v kam-\a
- mb k`-nepw am{Xw {]k-a- mb kq-.
Cu kq-nse "bXow' F hmv hni-I-e\w sNt-Xv Bh-iy-amWv. mkn- Ad_n `mj-bn bXow
F- hmns AYw A\m-Ycpw hn[h-Ifpw Fm-Wv. AXm-bXv A\m-YtcmSpw hn[-hI
- t- fmSpw \oXn ]pephm-\p Hcp amKw F \ne-bn
am-{X-amWv Izp-B _lp-`m-cyXzw AwKo-Ic
- n-n-cn-p-X
- v.
CXv \n_-\
- I
- v hnt[-ba
- mb
\n-b-a-am-Wv. D]m-[n-Iv hnt[-b-amb
Imcy-v, D]m-[n-I \ne-\nptm As-n D]m-[n-I ]men-s-Sp-tm am{Xsa {]k-n-bp-q. Hcp DZm-l-cWw: tImf-Pnse Amw h-j hnZymYnv aqmw hj hnZymYn\n-tbmSv t{]aw. hnZymYn-\nv Xncnv
AsXm-n-X
- m-\pw. hnZymYn {]W-bm-`yY\ XpSp-sIm-t-bn-cp-p. Ipd-p\m Ignv hnZymYn-\nbpsS ]nXmhv
c-wK{]thiw \S-n-bnv ]d-p. ""a-I-v \ns CjvSa
- m-sW-n, F\nv
hn-hm-l-n\v bmsXmcp hnk--Xhpw
C-.'' Cu hmIy-nse BZy-`m-Kw, AXm-bXv aIv \ns CjvSa- m-sW-n
F- `mKw FSpv amn-bn-v, ]nXm-hn\v
hn-hm-l-n\v k-X-amWv Fv hymJym-\n-mtam?
Fm Izp-B kq-fpw AXv
hn-`m-h\w sNp am\p-jnI aqey- Dsmv thWw hymJym-\n-m.
Cu hmIy- Dbn-n-Sn-p aqey- kvt\lhpw B{Z-X-bp-am-Wv. A\m--Y - tcmSpw hn[-h-I-tfm-Spap kv-t\l-hpw Icp-W-bpw. Cu hmIy- a\pjy-s Bk-nv thn Zphym-Jym\
- w sNp-Xv tJZ-Ic
- a
- m-Wv.
_lp-`m-cyXzw Fs\ apkv-enw-I-nS-bn hym]-Ia
- mbn? kv{Xosb ]pcp-js PwK-ak
- z-mbn am{Xw IW-m-

n-bn-cp ]pcm-X\ Ad_v kaq-ln _lp-`m-cyXzw hfsc km[m-cW

- am-bn-cp-p. {]hm-NI
- s Imepw tij-w h `c-W-ns BZy-Im-e-L--fnepw bpw hfsc km[m-c-W-am-bncp-p. bpw-aqew Dm-Ip A\m-Yscbpw hn[-h-I-sfbpw kwc-n-p-Xn-s `mK-ambn _lp-`m-cyXzw A`n-ej-Wo-ba
- mbn Icp-Xn-tm-p. ]pcp-jm-[n]Xyw \ne-\n-n-cp kaq-l-n
_lp-`m-cyXzw aXw \ncp-]m-[nIw A\ph-Zn-n-cn-p ImcyamsWv hcp-not-Xv ]pcp-js Bh-iy-am-bncp-p. As\ [\n-Is CwKn-X--v DX-Ipw-hn-[-n \nb-a- Zp-hym-Jym\w sN-s-p.
Cu hnj-b
- n\v Cs Ime-L-nse {]kn hni-I-e\w sNptm- hnhn[ Ime--fn-embn kv-{Xobp-sS hyn-Xz-t_m-[-n F-sms am-f
- p-mbn Fv a\-n-em-t-Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\p-jy-s, {]tXyIn-v kv{XobpsS hyn-Xz-t_m[w Ime-t-Z-im-\p-kr-X-ambn amdn-smncn-p-p. cv Xe-ap-d-Iv app-hsc hnhm-lw apX-emb kp{]-[m\ Imcy--fn- t]mepw s]Ip-n-bpsS A`n-{]mbw
B-cm-n-cp-Xv Ipd-hm-bn-cp-p. hc
Bcm-sW-p-Xv hnhm-l
- n\v tijw
am-{Xw Adn-n-cp kml-Ncyw t]mepap-m-bn-cp-p. ]s, Cv GXv kmn--I, kmaq-lnI Npp-]m-Sp-If
- n\n-p s]Ip-n-bm-sW-nepw Ah-fpsS
A-`n-{]m-b
- n\v hf-sc-tbsd ]cn-KW
- \
e-`n-p-p. shdpw cv Xe-ap-dI
-
- s
- Imv am{Xw kv{XobpsS hyn-Xz-t_m-[n-epw \oXn-t_m-[
- nepw Dmb hyXym-k-amWv CXv ImWn-p--Xv. BbXn-\m Cs kv{XobpsS hynXz-t_m-[s Bbn-cn \m\qdv hjv apv Pohn-n-cp tKm{X kaql-nse kv{XobpsS hyn-Xz-t_m-[hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-Xv icn-b-.
Bm-`n-am-\a
- p Cs kv{Xo
_-lp-`m-cy-Xzs kv{XoI-tfm-Sp XnI- A\o-Xn-bmbn am{Xta IW-mp-p-q. Fnpw hnZym`ymk-]-c-ambpw km-n-I-ambpw D-X-\n-e-bn
\n-p kv{XoIt]mepw Cm-cyn- {]Xn-Ic
- n-m-Xn-cn-p-X
- ns ImcWw ]utcm-lnXzw Ahp-ta A-

Sn-t]n sXmb aX-t_m-[a

- m-Wv.
kv{Xoa-\-n Ctmgpw \ne-\n-p- am\-kn-Ia
- mb hnt[-bX
- z-s-n
B-tem-Nnv t\mp-I. aX-Im-cy-f
- n
Nn-m-in D]-tbm-Kn-c
- p-sXpw \oXn-bpw A\o-Xnbpw hI-Xn-cnv Xov
I-]n-p-hm Xv Ah-Im-ia
- n
F-pw hniz-kn-p ]cn-Xm-]I
- c
- a
- mb
Nn-m-[mc hf-sc-b-[nIw Bfp-I-fnepw
\n-e-\np-p. Cu am\-kn-I-amb hnt[--bXzw Dun-bp-d-n-p-hm Xs-bmWv ]ptcm-Ka
- \w \Sn-p hn`m-K
- fpw
{i-an-p-X
- v.
Cu hnj-bs kw_-nv hnhn[
ap-kvenw cmjv{S-f
- nse \nb-a
- a\n-em-p-Xv DNn-Xa
- m-bn-cn-pw. 1961
]m-n-kvXm apkvenw IpSpw_ \nba
Hm-Un-\kv F t]cn \nb-a
-
]-cnjvIcn-p. CXp{]-Imcw Fm ap-kven-w hnhm-l-fpw \n_--ambn cPn- sNbvXn-cn--Ww. \nb-am-\p-krXw
\n-tbm-Kn--s Hcp a[y kan-Xnbp-sS A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS am{Xsa cmw
hn-hm-l
- n Gs-Sm ]mSp-q. kan-Xn-bpsS sNbam `m-hn-sbpw
B-Zy-`m-cy-bp-sSbpw As-n Ah-cpsS
{]-Xn-\n-[n-If
- p-sSbpw `mKw Adn-t- ij-w am{Xta Xov I]n-p-I-bp-q.
k-an-Xn-bpsS A\p-hmZanmsX _lp`m-cy-Xz-n Gs-Sp--hv Hcp-h-jw hsc Pbnhm-ktam 5000 cq] ]ng-tbm cpw-Iq-Sntbm in e`n-mw.
Cdm-n cmw hnhm-l
- n\v tImS--X n-bpsS A\p-aXn Bh-iy-am-Wv. A-Po-cn-bb
- nepw tImS-Xn-bpsS A\p-aX
- ntbm-sS am{Xsa cmw hnhmlw km[yam-Ip-Ib
- p-q.
samtdm-tm-bnse \nb-a-{]-Imcw cmw hnhmlw Ign-p-I-bn Fv hnhm-lka-bv Icm shn-p-hm `mcy-v Ah-Im-i-ap-v. SpWojy _lp`m-cyXzw ]qW-ambpw \ntcm-[n-n-cn-pp. \nbaw ewLn-p--hv Hcphjw XSthm ]ngtbm cpw-Iq-Sntbm
e-`n-m-hp-X
- m-Wv. Ghpw {it-ba
- mb Imcyw Fs-m Cu \nb-a
- s
- fm-w BZy-`m-cy-bpsS ]cn-c Dt-inv
C-u Ign Zim-_vZ--fn \S-nb
\n-ba
- t- `-ZK
- X
- n-If
- mWv Fp-X
- m-Wv.
B[p-\nI kaqlw _lp-`m-cyXzw
2012 Htm_

F- hnj-bs kv{XoI-tfm-Sp XnI- A\oXnbmbn IW-m-p-p. kv{Xo-]p-cpj kaXzw AwKo-Ic

- n-p P\m-[n-]Xy cmPy-amb Cy Ctmgpw
\n-b-a-t`-Z-K-Xn-I \S-p-hm ssh-apJ-yw ImWn-p-p. thmv _mv am{Xw
e-y-am-p cmjv{So-b
- mcpw \n-n]v-X Xm]-cy--fp bmYm-n-XnI
a-X]
- u-tcm-lnXzpw Hp-tN-cp-tm kv{Xo-bpsS Bm-`n-am\w, ]cn-c Fo
Im-cy- Ah-KW
- n-s
- -Sp-p.
Cs Cy-bnse kmaq-lnI Npp-]m-Sp-I t\mp-tm _lp-`m-cyXzw \ntcm-[n-pI Xs-th-Ww. Cu
t_m-[w apkvenw a\-p-If
- n Dm-IpI
F-XmWv ]c-a{- ]-[m-\a- mb Imcyw. aXw
Hcp i-amb hnIm-c-am-Wv. AXv icnbm-wh
- n-[
- n Do-]n-n-m k-aq-l\
- -pw a\pjy\pw DX-Ipw-hn[w Ipsd-tbsd Imcy- sNp-hm km[npw. sshcp-[y-sav ]d-bs
- , AXv hnIe--a mn Ah-X-cn-n-m Nqj-W-n\pw Bk-npap D]-I-c-W-am-phm-\pw km[n-pw.
aX-k-sb hnI-e-amb coXn-bn
A-h-X-cn-n-v, aX-hn-Im-cs sXmb
hn-[
- n D]-tbm-Knv kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-i
- [zwkn-p-hm {ian-p
kwL-SnX in-Isf kv{XoI Xncn-dn-bpIXs thWw. Ah X-fpsS
am\-kn-Ia
- mb hnt[-bXzw shSnv Cu
A-\o-Xn-s-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-p-hm aptm-p-h-c-Ww. AXv Ah-cpsS Bm`n-am\w \ne-\np-hm Bh-iy-am-Wv.
\oXn \ne-\np-hm-\p D]m-[nbm-Wv \nb-a-. \oXn\ntj[w \Sp-p-sh-n \oXn Dd-m-m-\mbn \nb-a
- t`Z-KXn sNt-n-hc
- pw. _lp`m-cy-Xz-ns Cc \n-lm-bm-h
- b
- nemb BZy-`m-cy-bm-W.v Ahp-th-Xv
k-lX
- m-]a
-
- , \nb-a
- ns ]cn-c
- b
- mWv.
Ref:
1. Islam and its relevance to our ageAshgar Ali Engineer-Chairman, Indian Institute of Islamic studies, Mumbai
2. Women and Family lives in Arab
State-Lynn Welcham

Xn-cp-sam-gnA_q AZo_v

\mWw ad-bvm
\mw Bsc t]SnWw?

C_v\p Awdn \npw \nth-Z-\w. \_n ]d-p: ""hkv{Xw AWnnpw \-Ifmbn H-I-ns ]qt]mse sNcnbp -Xe-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb kv{XoI Fs kaq-ln Ah- k m- \ - I m- e v Dm- h p- - X m- W v . \n Ahsc i]n- p- I . Ah
i]nstS--h-cm-Wv.'' (Xz_vdm\n)

apkvenw kv{XobpsS hkv{Xw Fme-pw kPo-h-N-bm-Wv. ]Z ASn-a--ns AS-bm-fa

- m-sWpw kv{- Xo-Isf AXn Xf-n-Sp Ckvemw ]pcpjm-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-n-Xn-bm-sW-s-mamWv shv!? apkvenw kv{XoI-tf, ]Zbn- \npw ]pdv hcq, kzX-{-cmIq.-.. F
-
- m-Wm-lzm\w!
a\p-jy-cpsS hyn-Po-hn-X
- n CS--s]-Sp [manIhyh-bmWv C-kvem-w. temI-ns kmwkvIm-cnIKXn
X-fpsS I-hS- X
- m]-cy--\p-kcn-m-hWsav iTn-p apX-em-fnw
Ckvem-an-t\mSv sshcw ]pep-Xv
Cu CS- s]-Se
- p-I ImcWam-Wv. kv{- Xoi-co-c{- ]-Zi-\
- f
- n-eqsS X-fpsS D-]---fn-tev D]-t`m-m-hns\ Ffp-n kzm[o-\n-m-\m-Ip-sav Xncn-dn ]pcp-j]
- apX-em-fn-
- n\v kv{Xo i-co-cw {]Zin-n-t-Xv Xs `m-hns apn-em-sWv ]Tnn-p Ckvem-an-t\mSv hntcm-[a
- p-mIp-Xv kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-W.v Fm, ]pcpj-] Xm]-cy-v thn ]pcpjam Unssk sNp hkv{Xta
k-v{Xo AWn-tb-X
- p-p-shv iTn-p kv{Xo]--hm-Zn-I-fpsS at\m-\n-ebm-Wv a\-n-em-m-\m-hm-X
- v.
Zi-\
- f
- n-eqsS sshIm-cnI DtP-\a
- p-m-Ip {]Ir-Xa
- mWv ]pcp-j
- mcp- t S- s X- Xv imkv { Xob hkv X p- X bmIpp. Cs ]e kv{Xoh-kv{X-fpw ico-c-ns \navt\m--Xn-I

]q-W-ambpw ]pdv ImWp-tXm Xpdn-Sp-tXm BsW-p-Xv Hcp-hn-[n- Ip-Ir-Xy-sf t{]mkm-ln-n-em-W.v hkv{X[mc-Wc

- w-Kv {]tXyI
\n-b-{-W--fn-m kaq-l--fnepw
cm-jv{S--fn-ep-amWv {]kvXpX \nb-{W-f
- p {]tZ-i
- t- f-m kv{Xo-I-s-Xn-sc-bp ssewKnI AXn-{I-a- IqSp-X FXv \s Nnn-nt-X
- m-W.v ]pcp-js\ Dt-Pn-n-pamdv hkv{Xw [cn Hmtcm kv{Xobpw
_-emkwKw Aln-p-p--shv Hcp
kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn PUvPn ]cm-ain-Xv CtXm-sSmw tNp-hm-bn-p-I.
Ckvem-an kv{XoIv hkv{Xw \n-bn-Xv ]pcp-j\
- ; {kjvSm-hmb Am-lp-hm-W.v Izp-B ]d-bpp: ""\-_ntb, \ns ]Xv\namtcmSpw ]p{Xnam-tcmSpw kXyhnizmknIfpsS kv{Xo-Itfm-Spw
Ah XfpsS aqSp]S X-fpsSta XmgvnbnSm ]dbpI: A-h
XncndnbsSphm\pw, As\ A-h
ieyw sNsSmXncnphm\pw A-Xm-Wv
Ghpw A\ptbmPyambXv.'' (33:59)
Hcm-fpsS Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw kwkvImc-hpw Gsdbpw {]Xn-^e
- n-p-Xv AbmfpsS hkv{X-[m-c-W-n-em-bn-cn-pw.
Ign \qm-n, hnhn[ kaq-l-fnse thiy-Iv Xn-cn-d
- n-bm\pw Bh-iy-msc BIjn-m-\pw \n-jvI
-
- jn---s-n-cpXnt\mSp kam-\-amb hkv{- X-f
- mWv Cs ]e tImfPv Ipam-cn-am-cp-sSbpw sat{Sm h\n-XI
- f
- p-sSbpw
h-k{v X-[m-cWw FXv F{X-am{Xw tim2012 Htm_

N-\o-ba
- m-Wv.
Ckvemw ChnsS kv{XobpsS Ipeo\-Xbpw B`n-Pm-Xyhpw {]I-Sn-n-p
h-kv{Xw \InA-h-fpsS kwkvImcw
Xncn--dnbpw hn[wAhsf BZ-cn-pp. ieyw sN-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m-\p km[y-X AS-p-p. Fm Ah-fp-tS-Xmb CS-f
- n CjvSa
- p-h [cnm A\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
apkvenw kv{XoI hkv{X-[m-cW
- c-- wK-v ap-t-m ]ptcm-KXn {]m]np-sh-nepw h[n-p-h-cp ^mj-A-\p-I-cW {`aw ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bn Ipsd-t]-sc-sb-nepw NXn-p-gn-bn-e-I-sSp-n-bn-p-v. Dv ImWpw-hn[w t\--Xpw Hn-b-Xp-amb hkv{X- apXn- s]Ip-n-Iv hmn-sm-Spp cn-Xm- Xs Ipn-I-fpsS
am-{X-a; kaq-l
- ns Xs \mi-n\mWv Xncn-sIm-fp-p-X
- v. A-c
- n hkv{Xw [cn-npw \-If
- mbn, ta\nb--gIv {]I-Sn-n-m-\mbn Nmpw sNcn-pw \S-p kv{XoIv kzKn-s ]cn-afw t]mepw Bkz-Zn-m\m-hp-I-bn-s-mWv apl-Zv \_n
]Tn-n-n-p-X
- .v kaq-l
- n Ipgw hnX-p Aq im]ml-cm-sW-pw
\n-fh
- sc i]n-p-sIm-p-Is
- bpw {]hm-NI D]-tZ-in-p-Ib
- p-m-bn. ChnsS
\mw Bsc-sbm-s-bmWv i]n-tn hcn-I? \psS D-am-sc-tbm! AtXm ktlm-Zc
- n-am-sc-tbm! kzw `mcy-am-scbpw
s]a-s
- f-bptam?!

]-{Xm-[n-]-v- ]-d-bm-\p--Xv-

apl-Zv \_n Hcn-IqSn \nIr-jvS-amb coXn-bn

`n--s-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ncn-{X-tmSv sNm-\m-hp--Xn shv
Ghpw {Iqc-amb Itw! am\-hn-I-X-tbm-Sp \-amb shp-hnfn!
sNIp-m t]mepw \mWn-p-t]m-Ip hrn-sI BJym\w!
am\y-X-bpsS Fm- AXn-cp-Ifpw ewLn-p-sIm-p ss]im-Nn-I-amb
Zriy-h-cWw! a\p-jy-Xz-n-sbpw [man-I-X-bp-tSbpw
Xcn-s-nepw a\-n Ah-ti-jn-p--hsmpw Xs Cu
IncmXamb \S]Snbn {]XnIcnmXncnm Ignbn. AsX,
\apv {]XnIcnmw; am\yambn \namWmIambn...

\_n\nmkn\na:

apl-Zv \_n Hcn-IqSn \nIr-jvS-amb coXn-bn `n--s-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv. Ncn-{X-tmSv sNm-\m-hp--Xn shv Ghpw {Iqc-amb Itw! am\-hnI-Xt- bm-Sp \-amb shp-hnfn! sNIp-m t]mepw \mWn-p-t]m-Ip hrnsI- BJym\w! am\y-X-bpsS Fm- AXn-cp-Ifpw ewLn-p-sIm-p ss]im-NnI-amb Zriy-h-cWw! a\p-jy-Xz-n-sbpw [man-I-X-bp-tSbpw Xcn-s-nepw
a\-n Ah-ti-jn-p--hsmpw Xs ]Xn-\mep an\p-tmfw \op\np C-skkv Hm^v apkvenans s{Sbve tcmj-tm-sS-b
- msX Incn-m Ign-bn-. kn\n-ab
- nse aplZv F IYm-]m{Xw at\m-tcm-Knbpw Ima-{`m\pw c-Zm-ln-bp-am-Wv. ]Xn-\mep \qm-p-Iv apv Ncn-{X-ns shnsh-fn--n Pohn apl-Zv \_n bpambn HcY-nepw Xmc-X-ay-n\v sImm- IYm-]m-{Xw. Cu IYm-]m-{X-amWv apkvenwI-sf Xo{h-hm-Zn-Ifpw `oI-ch
- m-ZnI-fpw kv{Xohn-cp-c
- p-am-sbmamp-s
- Xv hcp-n-op-X
- mWv kn\n-ab
- nse
{]-ta-bw. a\p-jysmpw In-cn-m-\m-hm s{Sbve! kz-t-m-f-[nIw
\-_n sb kvt\ln-p apkvenwIv Cu \_n-\n kln-m-\m-Iptam? apl-Zv \_n bpsS t\sc h Ap-I kzw hncn-am-dp-sImv XSp kzlm_n-am-cpsS ]nKm-an-Iv {Iqcamb Cu \_n-`--\-n-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[nm-Xn-cn-m Ign-bptam? Xm\pw Xs amXm-]n-Xm-f
- pw CW-Ifpw km-\
- f
- p2012 Htm_

\apv {]Xn-tj-[n-pI
samw bp-`q-an-bnshv ac-W-s-mepw apl-Zv \_n v bmsXmpw kw`-hn-c
- p-sXv BmY-ambpw B{K-ln {]hm-NI
- m\pN-cam-cpsS ]nap-d
- m-v \nIr-jvS-amb Cu Zriy-h-c-Wn--s\-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-m-\m-hpta-m?
"kmw _mssk' F hymP \man- Ata-cn- tIm]vnIv {InkvXym\n-bmb \uf _mnen \u-fb
- mWv
N-cn-{X-nse XpeyXbnm \_n-\nm-kn\n-ab
- psS \nam-W
- n\v Npm
]n-Sn-X
- v. Dt-PI acp-mb aoYmw-s^-ssa \nan-X
- n\v 1990epw km-nI
Ip--Ir-Xy-v 2010epw inn--sSp--Ibpw Pbn-en-eS-
- s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvX
C-bmsf \_n\nmkn\n-a- \nam-W
- n\m-bn apkvenw hncp--cmb ss{IkvXh
anj-Wd
- n-am hne-s-Sp-p-Ib
- m-bn-cp-psh-mWv a\-n-em-m- Ign-bp--Xv.
C-cs
- amcp kn\nam\nan-p-X
- n-\mbn
2011 BKkvXn Ata-cn--bnse ss{Ikv-Xh anj-\dn kwL-amb aoUnb
t^m- ss{Iv A\p-hmZw hmn-bX
- mbp-w kn\nam \nam-Xm-hmb \uf _mn-en \uf Xs hoSv {]h-\--m- bn hnp-sIm-Sp-p-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bs
- X-

p-w temkv B-ekv ssSw-kv (-13-09-20-12) dntmv sNbvXn-p-v. ao-Unbm

Hm-^v ss{Ins A[y- tPmk^v
\msk-d A_vZp akolv Cmcyw
\n-tj-[n-n-p-s-nepw kn\na hnhm-Zam-b-Xns\ XpSv Atlw Hfn-hn-emW-v. -Ckvemtam-t^m-_n-b-bpsS {][m-\s- hm--fn-sem-cm-fpw kn\n-a-bpsS
kvt]mIvka
v m-\p-ambn Adn-bs
- -Sp hnbv\m-ap-Im-c ohv oUv ]d-bp-X
- mbn
Zn AvemnIv (12092012) dntmv sNbv-Xn--cn-p--Xv, Cu kn\n-ap ]nn
kndn-b, Xpn, ]mn-m, CuPn]vXv
Fn-h-S--fn \np ]Xn-\v Ch-m
- e
- n- {InkvXym-\n-If
- mWv FmWv. kn\n-a-bpsS t]cn temI-ns
hy-XykvX `mK--fn-ep-mb Iem-]-sf-p-dnv tNmZn--tm ""Ch {]tIm]n-Xc
- m-bX
- n\v Rms\-n\v IpWvTn-Xs
- S-Ww? {]tIm-]n-Xc
- m-Ip-X
- n\v thn Ah- t\c-s-s t{]m{Kmw sN-s-XmWv''Fv ohv oUv ]d--Xmbn
A-tkm-kn-tb-Uv {]kv (14092012) dntm-v sNbvXn-p-.v ]cn-ip Izp-B
tIm-n-I In-p-sImv CkvemanI
`o-Ic
- h
- m-Z
- n-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-Ic
- n-p-sav
{]-Jym-]n Ip{]-kn-n t\Snb kphn-ti-

2012 Htm_

j-I ]m sSdn tPmkv ]d-Xv

""A-ta-cn- \nan-Xn-bmb Cu kn\na
ap-kvenwIsf A{I-an-p-hm thn-b; {]XypX, Ckvemans \io-I-c-Wm-Iamb {]Xy-im-kv{X-s-p-dnv Adn-hp \Ip--Xn\p thnbmWv \nan--s-n-p-Xv; apl--Zns Pohn-X-ns \nIr-jSv `- m-h
- fpw Cu kn\na shfns-Sp-p-pv'' Fm-Wv. Pa-\n-bnse
Ckvemw hncp kwL-amb "t{]m Pa\n
kn-n-kkv aqhvsa v' \_n-\nmkn\na-bpsS s{Sbve kzw sh_vssk-n
A-]tv emUv sNp-Ibpw B FXn-
- mep-w AXv P\-sf ImWn-pI Xs
sN-p-sav {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXnp-v. (guardiannews.com).
apl-Zv \_n BZy-am-b \nn-s-Sp-Ibpw `kn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp-sX hkvXpX Ipw ImXp-ap-hsmw Adn-bm-hp--Xm-Wv. ap-l-Zv- \-_n-v- {]-hm-N-I-Xzw- e-`n--Xp- apX-- Xs- A-t-lw- \n-n-s-n-p-v.A-_q-el
- _
- m-W-v A-n-a{- ]-hm-NI
- s
- \- \nn-p--Xn-\v- Xp-S-w- Ip-dn--Xv.- A-Xv- Cpw- XpS-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.- {]-hm-NI-\n--v- Xp-S-w- Ip-dn-- A-_q-e-l-_ns\- hn-ip-- IzpB-- ]-m-cm-b-Ww- sN-

p- tIm-Sn--W-n-\m-fp-I-- i-]n-ps-Im-n-cn-p-p.- k-zb

- w- i-]n-p-t]m-hp- co-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp-p- h-s{X- A-bm-fp-sSa-cW
- w!- ]n-o-St- m-v- {]-hm-NI
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- n-s-d- D-Pz-eX
- b
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v- vC-u- `-\
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- n-p-h
- c
- p-sS- F-wHm-tcm- X-e-ap-d-bn-epw- h[n-p-sIm-ncn-p-Ib
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C-{X-b[
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v- X
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I--\m-sW-tm- tam-i-s--h-\m-sWtm- F-\n--`n-{]m-b-an.- F-m- Ah- sIm-p-h

- - B-ib
- w-!- A-Xv- I-fhmWv.- AXn-t\m-Sm-W-v R-f
- p-sS- F-Xnv.''
ap-l--Zv- \-_n sIm-p-h- B-ib- A-pw- C-pw- ]-e-pw- A-tcmNI-am-Wv.- Cu- A-tcm-NI-Xz-am-Wv- {]-hm-NI-\n--bm-bn- ]p-d-p-hcp-XvC--seA-Xv- I-hn-XI
- f
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- n-em-bn-cp-p-sh-n- Cv- A-Xv- Im-q-Wp-If
- p-sS- b
- pw- Im-cn-t-dp-If
- p-sS-bpw- tNmZy-t]-d
- p-If
- p-sSbpw
an-j-\dn {K--fp-sSbpw hrnsI
kn-\nabpsSbpw tIm-e
- n-em-sW- hyXym-kw- am-{X-ta-bp-q.{]-hm-N-I-\n--bp-sS- th-cp-I- nXn-sN-p-X
- v- Nq-jW
- m-[n-jvTn-Xa
- m-b- A[o-i-Xz-hy-h-n-Xn-bn-em-Wv;- A-pw- Cpw- H-tc- am-\-kn-Im-h--bn- \n--mWv- A-Xv- \n-K-fn-p--Xv.- \m-Y-\pw- Zmk- \ pw- X- nA-Ie
- s
- am-p-ans-pw- A-ht\mSv- t\-pt\- s c- tNm- Z np-I-bm-Wv- ASn-bm-m- sN-t-sX-pw- ]-Tn-n-tm- k-z`- m-hn-Ia
- m-bpw- X-I-p-ho-WXv- ssZh-Zm-k- Z-m-f-m-cm-bn-cp-- ]ptcm-ln-X
- m-cp-sS- Nq-jW
- s
- mm-c-fmbn-cp-p.- A-Xp-sIm-m-bn-cp-p- A-s- F-Xn-v-.C--s- {]-hm-N-I-\n--bp-sS- Atm-kv-X-e-m-v- aqv -apJ--fp-v.aqpw- `o-I-c-sa-n-epw- ao-Un-b- A-h-sb]u-U-dn-v- P-\-km-am-\y-n-\p- ap-nA-hX
- c
- n-n-v- an-\p-n-sb-Sp-pp.- H-v-

sk-Iyp-e-dn-k-n-s-d- ap-J-am-Wv.- a-Xhp-w- B-o-bX

- bpw- B-cm-[\
- m-eb
-
- -I
- p- a-Xn-sb-pw- Po-hn-X
- n-s- A-Yw- \n-W-bn-p-- cw-K--fn-te-smpw- A-X-v I-S
- pI-bd- c
- p-sX-p-ap-- skIyp-ed
- n-k
v- v- ho-W
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- I
- s
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- m-Wv- aX-sa--- C-kv-em-an-I- k--]w- H-cp-X-cn-epw- cm-Pn-bm-hp-n-.- c-m-as
- - apJw- B-tKm-f-h-I-c-W-n-s- t]cn-ep kmw-kI
v- m-cn-Im-[n-\n-th-i
- n-t-XmWv.- e-l-cn,- tem--dn,- ]-en-i,- ku--cy{]-IS--\w,- kz-X-{-ssew-KnIX- Xp-S-nb,-- am-
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v- a
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- X
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- m-hn-s\- NqjWw- sN-bX
-v m-W-v "kzX-{- hn-]W
- n'- \ne-\n-p-X
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- \-bpw s
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- c- cn-p-hm- C-p-X
- v- Ckve
- m-an-Im-Z-iw- am{X-am-sW--v A-h-dn-bmw.- Cu- B-Z-i-s- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-Tambn- hn-a-in-p-hm- B--p-am-hn-spw- hn-a-i-n-p-tm-dpw- Ckv-em-an-ImZ-i-n-s-d- am\-hn-I-ap-Jw- Iq-Sp-XsX-fn-p-hc
- n-Ib
- m-sW-pw- A-Xv- Nq-jnX-sc- A-Xn-te-v- B-I-jn-m- am-{Xsa- \n-an--am-hp-p-q- F-pw- A-\p-`h-n-\n-v- ]Tn--h-cm-W-h.- Cu- ]mT-am-Wv- {]-hm-NI
- s
- \- \n-n-p-hm-\pw- A]-l-kn-p-hm-\pw- A--s\- ap-kv-enw-Isf- {]-tIm-]n-Xc
- m-p-hm\pw- A-hs
- c- t{]-

{]-hm-N-I-\n--bp-sS- th-cp-I- n-Xn-sN-p--Xv- Nq-j-Wm-[n-jvTn-X-am-b- A-[o-i-Xz-hyh-n-Xn-bn-em-Wv. \m-Y-\pw- Zm-k-\pw- X-n- A-I-e-sam-p-an-s-pw- A-h-t\mSv- t\p-t\-sc- tNm-Zn-p-I-bm-Wv- A-Sn-bm-m- sN-t--sX-pw- Ckvemw ]-Tn-n--tmk-z-`m-hn-I-am-bpw- X-I-p-ho-W-Xv- ssZh-Zm-k- Z-m-f-m-cm-bn-cp-- ]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cpsS- Nq-j-W-smm-c-fm-bn-cp-p.- A-Xp-sIm-m-bn-cp-p- A--s- F-Xn-v-.-

2012 Htm_

10

apl-Zv \_n bpsS t\sc h Ap-I kzw hncn-am-dp-sImv XSp kzlm_n-am-cpsS ]nKm-an-Iv {Iqcamb Cu \_n-`--\-n-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-m-Xncn-m Ign-bptam? Xm\pw Xs amXm-]n-Xm--fpw CW-Ifpw km-\--fp-samw
bp-`q-an-bnshv ac-W-s-mepw apl-Zv \_n v bmsXmpw kw`-hn--cp-sXv
BmY-ambpw B{K-ln {]hm-N-Im\pN-cam-cpsS ]nap-d-mv \nIr-jvS-amb
Cu Zriy-h-c-W-n-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-m-\m-hptam?

cn-n-p--Xv.\_n-\n-b
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- c
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- n-Sb
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cn-Xm-hn-t\mSv am{Xw {]mYn-W
- s
- av ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp C-kve
- m-w,
aX-ns t]-cn a\p-jysc NqjWw
sNp--h-cpsSbpw ssZh--fp-sSbpw
ssZ-h]
- p-{X-m-cp-sSbpw kz-m-cmbn Na-bp ]ptcm-ln-X
- m-cp-sSbpw Inse
Ic-Smbn XoXv kzm`mhn-Ia
- m-W.v IzpB-\n-s sXfn-a-bm BZihpw apl-Zv \_nbpsS hnip--hpw hn-hI-c-hp-am-b Pohn-Xhpw ]T\-n-\v -hnt[-b-am-s-m- X-fpsS Imogn \nv av Hen-p-t]m-bn-sm-tbn-cn-p-sav A\p-`-hn--dn--h \_n-\n-b
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- q-p-p. X-fpsS A]Y km-c
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11

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Im-c
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sb kvt\ln-p apkvenwIv
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C-Xn A`n-\-bn-n--sXpw Xssm-v "am tPmPv' Fv ]d-bnn- e-f
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Iptd A`nt\Xmsf AWn\ncnsmv aplZv \_nsb sXdn ]dm

]Xn\mev \qmpIv apv kXyaX {]t_m[\neqsS Ana{]hmNI
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i{Xp-sf \ncm-i-cm-p-hm-\mWv apkvenwI k--cm-tI--Xv.

2012 Htm_

12

{kjvSm-hn\pw a\p-jyp-S-an-S-bn-ep a[y-hn-I-sf-sbmw \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw

kh-temI cn-Xm-hn-t\mSv am{Xw {]mYn--W-sav ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp
Ckvemw, aX-ns t]-cn a\p-jysc NqjWw sNp--h-cpsSbpw ssZh--fp-sSbpw
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p--am-Wv. Cmcyw Xs enen Un-tbm F asmcp A`n-t\-{Xnbpw B-h--n-n-p-v. C-kkv Hm^v _n-em-Z F t]cn kn\n-ab
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tem-I
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2012 Htm_

13

]-dt- b-Xv Fv kmcw. GsXmcp apl-Zv \_n -sb-bmtWm Xa-kvI-cn-pIbpw hnIr-Xh

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F.Fw lpssk

Ghpw ]cn-Nb
- a
- p Pohn-bmWv Fp-Imen (Spider). Ccw Pohn-If
- n Nne-Xn\v Imep-I Bdm-Wv. Fnepw cv Imep Fp-Im-en-Isftbm ]p-Imep-h
- s
- btbm {]Ir-Xn-bn-se-hn-sSbpw ImWp-n-. Fp-sIm-mWv Fp-Im-en-If-pw Bdp-Im-en-Ifpw am{Xw ImW-s-Sp-Xv? cv Imep kvss]U-dp-I-sftbm
G-gp-Im-ep-h
- s
- btbm aqv Imep-h
- s
- btbm Hpw ImWm-Xv? ]cn-Wmaknm-{]
- I
- mcw Fp-Im-en-I D-hn-m km[y-Xb
- p-- t]mse Ggp-Im-en-Ifpw apmen-Ifpw ]-Im-en-Ifpw D-hn-m\pw km[y-Xb
- p-v. Fn-pw, Fp-sIm-mWv
C-cw Imen-Is
- fmpw t^mkn-em-bn-tmepw e`y-am-Im-Xv?
cv J-fp ico-chpw Btdm Ftm Imep-Ifpw hnj-k-n-bp-ap kvss]-U-dp-I F{X Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fm-sWtm? GI-tZiw \m]-Xn-\m-bn-c-tm-fw.
F-npw Ch-bn apm-entbm k]vX-Im-entbm Bb Hscm Poh-Pm-Xn-t]m-ep-an! Fp-sImv? kvss]U-dp-Isf av Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- n\npw hn`n-a
- m-p Nne
k-hn-ti-jX
- I
- f
- mWv Imc-Ww. Ch \m]-Xn-\m-bn-ct- mfw Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- mbn th]ncn-npw htXm-Xn sshhn-[y-amPn-npw kvss]U khn-ti-j-X-I CmXm-hp-n! kuI-cymYw Htsd Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fmbn kvss]U-dp-Isf thXn-cn-np-s-nepw Ah-sbmw kvss]U-dp-IX-s. Hmtcm Poh-Pm-Xn-sbbpw CXc Po2012 Htm_

14

h-Pm-Xn-If
- n\npw thXn-cn-p Nne khn-ti-j-X-I-fpv Fv {]IrXn
\n-co-W
-
- n \npw Ffpw {Kln-m\
- m-Ipw.
Aao_ apX a\p-jyhsc D-sm-p-X
- mWv Poh-tem-Iw. kmZr-iyfpw sshPm-Xy-fpw \nd Pohtem-Iv 17 e-tmfw Poh-Pm-Xn-Ifp(Species)smWv IW-v. Xncn-dnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-b-h-bpsS F-amWn-Xv. Fm C\nbpw Is-m-hbpw hnh-cn-s
- -Sm-h
- b
- p-ambn C-Xns \men-c- n-sb-nepw Dm-Im-sa-mWv
A\p-am\w!
kml-N-cy-a-\p-k-cnv \ndw amdp
Hm-p-Isf \mw In-p--tm. HmpI-fpsS khn-tij KpW-f
- n-semv Cu
\n-dw am-am-Wv. Fm GXm\pw h-j--v apv ]pXn-sbmcp Pohn imk-v{X--cpsS {i-bns]-p. "HsUmdm-\ Hcn-tbme' Fv t]cn Hcn\w Xhf-I. Chpw \ndw amdm-\p Ignhp--s{X. ] \nd-ap Xmbv-ense
C-u Xh-f-I Hmp-I-sf-t]mse \ndwam-dn Xhnv (Brown) \ndw kzoI-cn-p-as-{X! _mtmv \mj-W kbkv
ayqkn-b
- nse Iyqtd-d
- mb tUm. X\ybpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-ep Hcp kwLw
Kth-j-I as-hn-sSbpw ImWm \ndw-am-dp Xh-f-Isf {]tXyIw ]Tn-ph-cn-Ib
- m-Wv.(1)
Ccw F{Xtbm Pohn-Isf C-\nb-pw Is-m-\n-cn-p-p. sshPm-Xy-fpw kmZr-iy-fpw \nd Poh-temI-s At\Iw kv]ojn-kp-If
- mbn Xncnn-p-v. {]Xyp]m-Z\ _-n-eqsS
k-X
- n-Iv Pw \Ip Hcp-Iqw
Po-hn-Isf Hscm kv]ojn-kmbn \nhNn-p-p. Fm Aao_ t]mse
ssew-KnI {]Xyp]m-Z\
- a
- n-m PohnI-fn Cu \nh-N\w A{]-k
- a
- m-W.v
B.-F.-F. t{iWn-bnse kmZriyw
t\m-n-bmWv Ch-bn kv]ojnkv th-Xn-cn-hv.

Ccp-]X
- n-tesd \nh-N\
-
- kv]
- ojn-kn-\p-v. Poh-tem-I-ns sshhn[yhpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw \nh-N-\-fn-sem-Xp-n F bmYmYy-amWv Ch-b{- Xbpw sXfn-bn-p-X
- v.
Ghpw sNdnb Pohn Aao-_b
- m-W.v
G-It- Im-in. kqvaZin-\n-bn-eqsS am{X-sa ImWm-\m-hq. Ghpw henb Pohn \oe-n-anw-K-e-am-Wv. \ofw 98 ASn,
`m-cw 180 sa.-S. Poh-tem-I-ns
ssh-hn[yw F{X hnkva-b-I-c-am-sW\v
a-\-n-em-Im Ch-n-S-bn hepXpw
sN-dp-Xp-ambn Fgp-]Xv e-tmfw Poh-Pm-Xn-I DmImw F IWv am{X-w aXn-bm-hpw.
`qan-bnse hnkvab
- I
- c
- a
- mb Poh-temIw F-s\-bp-mbn F At\z-jW-n\v \qm-p-I-fpsS ]g--ap-v.
Pohn-If
- psS Dhw FXv H-s hnj--b-a-. Poh, `qan, {]]w XpS-nb AkwJyw {]Xn-`m-k
- f
- psS Bcw`w
F-s\ Fv a\-n-em-m-\p {iaw
a-\p-jy-t\mfw ]g--ap--Xm-sWv Icp-Xmw. Nnm-io-e-cmb Bscbpw Atem-kc
- s
- -Sp-p {]iv\a
- m-Wn-Xv. Hcp
hy-h Fs\ Fp-sImv {]-h-n-pp Fv Is-p--Xn-t\m- {]bm-k-ap--XmWv AXv F--

s\ D-hnp F-Xv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs Poh-im-kv{X-nse Ghpw Xmzn-I {]m[m-\y-ap hnj-ba

- mWv PohPm-Xn-I Fs\ D-hnp F-Xv.
18-59 \hw-_ 24\v {]kn-o-I-cn {]Ir-Xn\n[m-cWw hgn-bp Poh-Pm-XnI-fpsS Dhw F IrXn-bn Nmkv
Um-hn Cu {]iv\w ]cn-lc
- n-p-shv
B[p-\n-I hniz-kn-p-p.(2) "\nKq-VX-If
- nse \nKq-VX' (Mystery of the Mysteries) FmWv Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- psS Dhw
F- {]iv\s Zmi-\n-I hnti-jnn-Xv FXv {it-ba
- m-Wv.
Nmkv eb-ens `qimkv{X ]T-\-fpw tXmakv amX-kns P\-kw-Jy-m]T-\-fpw Umhn a\-n-em-n-bncp-p. "{]IrXn\n[m-cW' (Natural Selection) knmw kaYn-m Chbpw
Um-hn {]tbm-P\
- s
- -Sp-n. Ch-sbmm-sI Xmsg kw{K-lnmw:
1. Pohn-I s]p-s]-cp-Ip-Xv PymanXo-b (Geometric) A\p-]m-X-n-em-Wv.
H-v, cv, \mev, Fv... Fn--s\.
2. Aan-Xa
- mbn D]m-Z\w \S-p-ps-nepw Hmtcm Poh-Pm-Xn-bp-sSbpw
AwK-kwJy nc-ambn \np-p.
3. Pohn-I \ne-\n]n-\p-thn ]c-kv]cw a-c-n-em-Wv.

{]]--n-en-S-s]-Sm ssZh-n-em-bn-cpp Umhn BZy-Im-ev hniz-kn-n-cp--Xv--Cw-ojn- CXn\v Deism Fv ]d-bpw. CX-\p-k-cnv Poh-Pm-Xn-Isf ssZhw krjvSn--X-. Ccw
hnizm-k-m-c-\mb Umhn Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS D-h-n\v ImcWw {]IrXn\n[m-c-W-amsW knm--ap-m-n-bXv {]Ir-Xn-bn-en-S-s]-Sm ssZhw F Xs k]s \ymboI-cn-m-sa ap[m-c-W-tbm-sS-bm-sWv A\p-am-\n-mw.
2012 Htm_

15

4. Pohn-hK-nse AwK-n-Sbn hyXym-k

- f
- pv; Ah ]c-c
- m-KX-f
- m-W.v
5. AXn-Po-h\
-
- n\v klm-bI
- a
- mb
hy-Xym-k- ]nX-e-ap-d-I-fn-tev
ssI-am-ds
- -Sp-p.
6. Imem--c-n Ah kam-l-cn-sv ]pXnb Pohn-hK- DmIp-p.
ta kqNn-n Av Imcy-fpw
Um-hn-\n-k-hp-ambn t\cnv _-ap-h-b-. Pohn-I Pyman-Xob A\p-]m-Xn s]p-s]-cp-In-bX
- p-sImtm AanX-ambn D]m-Z\w \S--Xp-sImtm
a-cn--Xp-sImtm AwK-n-Sbn hyXym-k
- Dm-bX
- p-sImtm
Ah ]c--cm-K-X-am-b-Xp-sImtm Hcp
Pohn XnIpw hyXy-kvX-amb asmcp
Pohn-bmbn amd-W-sa-n-. Ch-sbmw
{]-IrXn \nco--W-n-eqsS a\-n-emm-hp bmYmYy--fm-Wv. Ch-sbmp-w ]cn-Wmaknmw sXfn-bn-p
h-kvXp-XI
- f
-
- . (hn-iZ- mw-i
- ]noSv
\-Imw). AXn-Po-h\
-
- n\v klm-bI
- amb hyXym-k
- ]nX-ea
- p-dI
- f
- n-tev ssIam-d-s-mepw Hcp Pohn-hKw
A-\n-hm-cy-ambpw asmcp Pohn-hK-ambn
]cn-Wa
- n-W
- s
- a-n-.
""Imem-c
-
- n Ah kam-lc
- n-s-v ]pXnb Pohn-hK-f
- p-m-Ipp''
F- Bdm-as Bibw am{X-amWv
Umhn-\n-kw. Cu knm-h
- -cWw
Hgn-p av \nco-W
-
- t- fmSv ]cn-Wma-hm-Zn-I-f-m--hpw tbmPn-m-\mIpw.
Pohn-hK-f
- psS D-h
- n\v ImcW-ambn Umhn {]IrXn\n[m-cW
Xzs Nqn-m-pp: ""hn`n--XI, Hcp Pohn-hK-nse Hcw-K
- n\v
{]IrXn in-I-tfmtSm av Pohn-ItfmtSm FXn-cn-Sp-X
- n\v A]-sa-nepw
KpW-Ic
- a
- m-hp-p-sh-n Ah AwK-fpsS \ne-\n]ns\ klm-bn-p-p.
A-Xns k-Xn-I B kz`mhw ]mc-cy- a
- mbn ssIh-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
B k-Xn-I ap--hsb AXn-Pohn--m IqSp-X km[y-Xb
- p-v. \n-mc hn`n--X-I t]mepw D]-tbm-K-{]-Zam-sW-n imiz-Xo-Ic
- n-s
- -Sp Cu
X-zs Rm {]Ir-Xn-\n[m-cW
- s
- av- hnfn-p-p.''(3)

Umhn knm-n Cu Xzn-eqsS Pohn-hK-f

- psS Dhw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-m-\m-hptam? Ghpw Npcp-nb-Xv, hni-Zo-I-cn-m-\m-hp-sa-n Um-hn- Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-atm B IrXyw
B-Zyw sNm km[y-Xb
- p-X
- v. A-tlw Cu Xzn\v DZm-lc
- W
- a
- mbn Hcp Pohn-hKw XnIpw hyXy-kvX-amb
a-smcp Pohn-hK-ambn ]cn-W-an-p-sa-Xv km]n-I-ambn t]mepw Nqnm-n-bn-n-. ]Icw Fv sNbvXp-shv
t\mmw.
{]IrXn\n[m-c-W-n\v ZrjvSm-am-bn Umhn sNm-bsb DZm-l-cnp-p. ae-bpsS Xmgv-hm-c-n Pohnp- sNm-b
- q-
- sf k]n-pI. {]tXyI kml-Nc
- y-n Ah ]nWn-bn-em-Ip-p. sNm-bI
- v Cc-bmbn am\p-I am{X-amWv Ahn-sS-bp-Xv. am\m-Is thKX IqSnb arK-am-Wv.
G-hpw thK-X-bp sNm-b-Iv
am{Xsa am\p-Isf ]nSn-m-\m-hq. thKX
Ip-d sNm-b-I-fpsS th-bn \npw am\p-I c-s-Spw. AXn-\m
th-Kw IqSnb sNm-bI
- t Cc Inq.
ap-h ]n-Wn-bn Nsm-Sp-pw. AXn--Po-hn--s-Sp sNm-b-Iv thK-X IqSp-X-ep-m-Ip-sa-Yw. IqSnb
th-K-X-sb KpWw Ah ASp Xea-p-d-bn-tev ]I-cp-p. Cu ]cn-h\- Ime--tfmfw XpSm sNm-bI
- f
- psS Hmtcm Xe-ap-dI
- f
- nepw thKkm--aYyw h[nv AXn-th-K-ap ]pXn-b sNm-b-hKw Dm-Ip-p-sh-v
Umhn hy-am-p-p.(4)

Hc \qm-p-apv Umhn \-In-b Cu DZm-lc

- Ww Xs-bmWv AXym--[p-\n-I-cmb ]cn-WmahmZn-Ifpw Bh-n-p-X
- v. s{]m^. Ippn h-ab
- psS hcn-I t\mq: ""Htc kv]ojnkn s]Sp hyn-If
- n hyXy-kvX-fmb e-W
- fpw kz`m-h
- fpw Dm--Ip-tm Ah-bn Nne-sX-nepw
B Pohn-bpsS koW-amb Pohn-XcoXn-v klm-b-I-am-Ip-sa-pw, ap-Nne
e--W--sf-sm-p ^ew t\sc
a-dn-m-hp-sapw A\p-am-\n-m-a-tm. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, sNm-b-sb-t]mse Ccsb HmSn-p-]n-Sn-p Pohn-Iv Iri-amb ico-chpw thK-n HmSm-\p
Ignhpw Ah-bpsS Poh-\-n\v klmb-Ic
- hpw qe-ic
- o-chpw Ipd thKXbpw tZmj-Ic
- hpw Bbn-cn-p-sav Duln-p-hm {]bm-k-an-. {]mb-]qnsb-m\pw km-t\m]m-Z\w \S-m\p-ap IqSp-X Ah-kcw Iri-i-cocn-Im-bn-cn-pw. As\ ASp
X-ea
- p-db
- nse kaq-l
- n Iri-m-cpsS
tX-mXv h[n-p-Ibpw Ime-{I-taW qe-m Ipd-p-Ip-dv Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ChnsS {]IrXn Iri-msc
sX-c-s-Sp-p-I-bmWv sNp-Xv Fv thW-sa-n ]d-bm-a-tm. CXp-Xs-bmWv {]IrXn\n[m-cW
- w.''(5)
""{]IrXn Iri-msc sXc-s-s-Spp-p''shpw ""CXp-Xs
- -bmWv {]-IrXn\n[m-cW''sapw Ipp-n-ha
F-gp-Xp-p.
Umhn\pw ]nme ]cn-Wm-a-hmZn-Ifpw hnh-cn-p-t- ]mse {]IrXn\n-

Bbn-c
- W
- nn\v kvss]U Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- p-s-nepw Fmw kvss]U Xs!
2012 Htm_

16

{]Ir-Xn-\n[m-c-W-n-eqsS Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw ]cn-l-cn-m-\m-hn F-XmWv

bmYmYyw. "{]IrXn\n[m-cWw' F {]{In-bv AXn-\p tijn-bn-. Hcm
Imdp-]-tbm-Knv im-k-ap{Zw ISp Fv ]d-bp--t]m-ep Akw-_--amWv
{]IrXn\n[m-c-W-n-eqsS Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw hni-Zo-I-cn-m-sa ho-Ww.
[m-cWw {]hn-m thK-X Ipd
sN-m-bI
- thKX IqSnb sNm-bI
- fm-bn amdp-p-shv a\-n-em-mw.
thKX Ipd sNmb F{X thK-X IqSnb sNm-b-I-fm-bmepw Ah
sN-m-b-I Xs-bt? sNm-b-Ifn- \npw sNm-b-I ]cn-W-an-pm-Ip Cu "{]IrXn\n[m-cW Xzw' Aao-_-bn\npw a\p-jyhsc-bp e-W
-
- n Pohn-hK-fp-m-bX
- n\v Xr]vXn-Ic
- a
- mb hni-Zo-Ic
- W-am-Ip-s
- X-s\?
Hmtc Xe-ap-dI
- f
- nepw thK-km-aYyw
h-[nv thKX IqSnb sNmb hKw
D-m-Im-sav Umhn \Inb k--]-n-eqsS {Kln-mw. CXn-\-pdw
sN-mb F Poh-PmXn XnIpw hyXy-kX
v a
- mb asmcp Poh-Pm-Xn-bmbn ]cnW-an-p--Xn-tev shfnw hoip
bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-Ifpw Umhn AhX-cn-n-n-n F-XmWv bmYmYyw.
thKX Ipd sNm-bI
- th-KX IqSnb sNm-b-I-fmbn amdn FpX-s Icp-Xp-I. CXv ]cn-Wm-a-a-. Hcp
Po-hP
- mXn XnIpw hyXy-kX
v a
- mb PohPm-Xn-bmbn amdp--Xn-s\-bmWv kmtXn-I-ambn ]cn-Wmaw Fv hnfn-p-Xv. Npcp--n Umhn Ah-X-cn-n DZm-l-cWw t]mepw ]cn-Wm-a-n\v
sX-fn-h F-XmWv hkvXp-X. ]cn-Wma-n\v sXfn-hmbn {]Ir-Xn-bn kw`hn hniz-k\
- o-bhpw imkv{Xo-bh
- p-amb
Hcp-Zm-l-c-Ww-t]mepw Umhn Nqnm-n-bn-n-. Umhn hnh-cn sNmb-bpsS DZm-lc
- Ww t]mepw km]nI-amWv F Imcyw {in-p-I. `qanbn- GsX-nepw {]tZ-iv Pohn-p
G-sX-nepw Hcp Poh-Pm-Xn-bn \npw
a-smcp Poh-PmXn {]IrXn\n[m-c-Wn--eqsS Dcp-n-cn--Xns bYmYam-b Hcp-Zm-l-cWw t]mepw Umhn
lm-Pc
- m-n-bn-n-.
ta kqNn-n DZm-l-cWw X-sbpw {]Ir-Xn-bn s]mXpsh kw`-hn-p-X
- . Umhns k]w am{X-amWv.
sNm-bb
- psS {]IrXn\n[m-cWw kq-

v-a-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-m Cmcyw

{Kln-m-\m-Ipw.
sNmb ]e Pohn-Is
- fbpw th-bmSm-dp-v. Nne-Xns\ Iuiew sImpw
a-v Nne-hsb in-sImpw AXv Iogvs-Sp-p-p. thK-Xbpw asmcp LSI-am-W.v thK-Xt- b-dnbhbm-Wtm am\pI. Hcp {]tZ-iv am\p-I h[np-Ibpw sNm-bb
- psS av Cc-I Ipdbp-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv Icp-Xp-I. hdpXn
Ime-am-b-tm thKX IqSnb sNmb-Iv am{Xsa am\p-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sm\m-hq F nXn hp. kzm`m-hn-Iam-bpw thKX IqSn-bh AXn-Po-hn-m
km-[y-X-bp-v. am\p-I-tf-m thKX
Ipd-h ]n-Wn-aqew \in-m\pw km[y-X-bp-v. F{X \nm-c-am-sW-nepw
Ccw A\p-Iqe KpW-ap sNmb-I AXn-Po-hn-p-p. Ah-bpsS k-Xn-If
- n ]e-Xn\pw CtX KpWw ]mc-cy-ambn Inp-p. AXm-bXv thK-Xsb- KpWw. CXv Bhn--s-Sptm thK-Xt- b-dnb ]pXn-sbmcp Xcw
(Variety) sNm-bb
- p-m-Ip-p. Cu km-]nI DZm-lc
- Ww {]Ir-Xn-bn FhnsSbpw ImWm-\m-hn-. Fhn-sS-sb-nepw
Fs-nepw C-s\-sbmcp Ah
\n-e-\n--Xn\v Umhnt\m ]nme
]-cn-Wma hnZKv[tcm bmsXmcp sXfnhpw
lmP-cm-n-bn-p-an-. {]IrXn\n[m-cW
- n-\v Umhn Nqn-m-nb sNmb-a
- m- DZm-lc
- Ww km]nIw am{Xam-sW--Xv Umhn Xsbpw k2012 Htm_

17

Xn- hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. {]IrXn\n[m-cW-n\v DZm-lc

- W
-
- \nc-p-X
- n\v
aptm-Sn-bmbn Umhn Fgp-Xnb Hma-s hmNIw Xs CXmWv: ``In order to make it clear, how as I believe, natural selection acts, I must beg permission to
give one or two imaginary illustrations(6)
shdpw hnizm-k
- ns (im-kv{Xo-bam-bn sXfn-bn--s--Xn-s-b-) ASnm-\
- n-ep Hcp ho-W
- n\v shdpw km]n-Ia
- mb Hp-cv DZm-lc
- W- \Ip-Ib
- mWv Umhn sNpXv!
thKX Ipd sNm-bI
- th-KX IqSnb sNm-bI
- f
- mbn "amdp-Xv' ]cn-Wm-a-a Fv Umhn\v Xs Adnbm-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Ccw amw
e-tm-]w hj--fn-eqsS XpS-m ]pXn-sbmcp Poh-Pm-Xn-bmbn amdpw
F-v Atlw Duln-p-sh-p-am-{Xw.
Um-hns ASn-m\ cln-Xhpw Aimkv{Xo-b-hp-amb Cu A`yqlw av ]cnWm-a-`--m imkv{X-amn {]N-cn-np-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]cn-Wma kmln-XyIm-c\
- mb Ipp-n-ha-bpsS hcn-I
t\mq: ""hnj-b
- n-tev IS-p-X
- n\v
ap-v Umhn\pw `Evolution'\pam-bp
_--s--A-s-n _-an-m-bvasb-p-dnv Adn-bp-Xv ckm-h-l-am-bncn-pw. Evolution F {]Xn-`m-k-sp-dn--, ]Z-s-p-dn-mWv ]d-bp-Xv. "]cn-Wma'ns Cwo-jnse aqecq-]a
- mWv Evolution. Umhn Cu hmv

kv]ojnkp-I-fpsS Dhns BZy

]Xn-p-If
- n Hcp {]mhiyw t]mepw D]tbm-Kn-n-n! 1872 h Bdmw ]Xnn t]mepw Cu hmv D]-tbm-Kn-s-n-p-Xv D]-kw-lm-c-n Hp-cn-Sv am{X-am-Wv. Evolution \v ]Icw
Um-hn nc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-Xv
`Descent with modification AXm-bXv "cq]-t`Zw hgn-bp hwtim]n' FmWv. Umhns {]Nm-c-Iam-cm-Wv--{]tXy-Inpw sl_v kvs]k-Evoloution F hmv kh-km-[m-cW
- a
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thKX Ipd sNm-bI
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- f
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- n Ipn-ncp-In Xs IrXn ]cn-Wmaw kaYn-p-Xm-sW hymP {]XoXn krjvSn-m\mWv Umhn {ian-X
- .v `-am Kpcphns hymP-hmZw Hp-IqSn \on-c
- n
Po-h-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw Umhn Is-n-sbpw Poh-Pm-Xn-I D-hn-Xv ]cn-Wm-a-n-eq-sS-bm-sWpw AXm-Wv imkv{Xob ho-Ws
- apw hcp-n
- op.

D]-kw-lm-c
- n Hp-c
- n-Sv am{X-w Umhn {]tbm-Kn ]cn-Wmaw k-hk
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C-cw hymP \nan-Xnv asmcp DZml-cWw \Imw. "Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS D-hw' Fm-Wtm Umhns hn-JymX IrXn-bpsS t]cv. Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS D-hw Cu IrXn-bn hni-Z-ambn N
sN-bvXn-p-mIpw Fv IrXn-bpsS io-jIw hmbn-p--h [cn-t-pw.
Fm Ccp-]Xv e-tmfw Poh-PmXn-I `qap-J-p-m-bnpw AXn Hn-s D-hs
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sN-m Hcp IrXnv "Poh-Pm-Xn-If
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- np Fv imkv{Xo-ba
- mbn hni-Zo-Ic
- n-pp Fv Icp-Xp-Xv X-s
Hm-cw A-hn-izm-ka
- t? Cu B[p-\nI A-hn-izm-k
- ns Ncn-{X-hpw
(history) Ncn{X cN-\m-im-k{v Xhpw (historiography) hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t
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-
- f
- m-W.v
Poh-Pm-Xn-If
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-
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- n-m- w FmWv Umhn knm-n--Xv. Fm
{]-Ir-Xn-\n[m-cW
-
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- a
- mb
Ign-hp-tI-S CXn\v
Imc-Ww. "{]IrXn-\n-[m-cWw' F {]{Inbv AXn-\p tijn-bn-. Hcm Imdp]-tbm-Knv im-k-ap{Zw ISp Fv ]dbp-t- ]m-ep Akw_-a
- mWv {]IrXn-\n[m-cW
-
- n-eqsS PohPm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw
hn-iZ- o-Ic
- n-m-sa hothK-X-Iq-Snb
sNm- b - I fpw
sNmb Xs.

2012 Htm_

18

-Ww.
Umhns cN-\-I hni-I-e\w
sN-p-Xv Xmew amn-sh-mw. Um-hn\v tijw ]cn-Wmaknmw F-{Xtb-m hnI-kn-p-shpw AXn-\m BNm-cys hmN-I
- am{Xw ]cn-tim-[nv hn[n I]n-p-Xv icn-b-spw
]-cn-Wm-ah
- m-Zn-I ]d-t-pw. ]cn-Wma-s-p-dnv Hcp ]co \S-n-sbv
k]n-p-I. Nmkv Umhn Cmev B ]co-s
- -p-Ib
- m-sW-n
tXmp-sapw A{X-am{Xw ]cn-Wma"imkv{Xw' hnI-kn-n-p-s-p-amWv
Um-hn `-m-cpsS hmZw. Fm
]-cn-Wmaknm-s F-s\-sb-nepw hnP-bn-n-m-\mWv Ah Kpcp-hns\ tXm]n-p-Xv F-XmWv hkvXpX. Umhn \Inb ]gb DZm-l-cW--t]mepw Cpw ASn B-h-n-p A\p-bm-bn-I Kpcp-hns\
tXm]n-m {ian-p-Xv Nncnv hI
\Ip-p-.v imkv{Xob hnai-\
-
t\cn-Sm-\m-ImsXhcp-tm ]d-bp HgnI-gn-hp-am-{X-am-Wn-X.v Fnepw Kpcp am{Xa-, `-mcpw imkv{Xob at\m-`m-hs-p-dn-p ]co-b
- n tXmpw
Fv kaYn-m Cm-e-sbpw
Um-hn\v tij-ap-mb ]cn-Wma Kthj-Ic
- p-tSbpw \nco-W
-
- IqSn ]cntim-[n-mw.
tIc-f
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- t- bpw Iqp-]n-Sn-p-sIm-mWv
B[p-\nI ]cn-Wm-a-kn-mw DZn-pb-X.v Xma-kn-bmsX Poh-im-k{v X-ns av imJ-I-fn\n-p kw`m-h-\I-fpw B[p-\nI knm--n\v e`np. Cu k`-n \ BZy-ambn
]-cn-N-b-s-tS hyn-bmWv XntbmtUm-jykv sUm_vjmkvIn (1900-1975)
]cn-Wm-as
- -p-dnv B[n-Im-cn-Ia
- mbn
F-gp-Xnb BZys B[p-\nI Poh-imkv{- X-\
- m-bn-cpp Ct-lw.
1936 sImfw-_nb kh-Ie
- m-im-ebn-se sPkv {]kwK]-c-c \S-n.
hn-jbw ]cn-Wm-aa
- m-bn-cp-p. Cu {]kwK-]c
-
- c
- sb B[m-ca
- mn ASp sImw-Xs (1937) Hcp ]pkvX-I-hp-sa-gpXn. ]mc-cyimkv{Xhpw kv]ojn-kp-I-

{]IrXn\n[m-cWw ]pXnb Poh-Pm-Xn-Isf cq]-s-Sp-p-I-bn-sv Umhns Imes

{]ap-J-cmb Poh-im-kv{X-am hy-am-n-bn-cp-p. Fm Ah-cpsS
\nco--W-fpw hmZ-fpw ]cn-K-Wn-m-sXbpw ]e-Xn\pw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb
adp-]-Sn-sb-gp-Xm-sXbpw hymPhmZ- sIn--a-p-I-bmWv Umhn sNbvX-Xv.

fpsS D-hhpw Fm-bn-cpp t]cv. Ap--hsc Dm-bn-cp ]mccyhnm\s B[m-c-amn ]cn-Wma{]{Inb

hn-iZ- o-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- m-bn-cpp sUm-_vj
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v- n-bpsS Dt-iyw. Hcp bYmY Pohim--k{v X-\
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]T-\
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- c
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Iogn ]b-n-bn-cp--Xp-sImv ssPhK-Wn-X
- n\npw Innb Adn-hp-I
ka-\z-bn-n-p-hm sUm-_vj
- m-k
- vI
- nv Ign-p. C{]-Imcw ka-{K-ambn B[p-\nI ]cn-Wmaknm--s-p-dnv
ap-mcpw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-m-bn-cp-n-.''(9)
Umhns Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- psS Dhw
{]-kn-o-I-cn--tijw Hcp \qm-n-tesd-mew hnhn[ hnm\ imJ-I-fnep-mb hnIm-ks {]tbm-P-\-s-Spn ]cn-Wm-a-kn-mw hnI-kn-n
sUm-_j
v- mkvIn Fn-tXv Cu
\n-K-a-\-n-em-sWv {K-Im-c Xp-S-v Fgp-Xpp: ""]cn-Wm-a
- n-\p {][m-\ ImcWw Umhn ]d-X
- p-t]mse {]Ir-Xn-\n[m-c-W-am-sWv sUm_v-jmkvIn Dun--d-p. P\n-X-Is ]qW-ambn B-km-m-XI
v c
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Um-hn-\n-k-m-cpsS ]pXn-sbmcp Xeap--d-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-cpp sUm-_vjm-kvIn.''(10)
Umhns {]IrXn\n[m-c-W-hm-Zn-\npw Hc-Sn-t]mepw aptm-p-\om- B[p-\nI Umho-\n-b
- mpw
km-[n-n-n-sv CXn\npw hyam-Wv. B[p-\nI Umhn-\n-p-I Um-

ho-\n-b A-hn-izm-k
- n Xs
ASn-bp-d
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- aptm-p-t]m-hp-Ib
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{ian-m-dp-v. {K-Im-c Xs Hcn-Sv FgpXn: ""...Po-h-im-kv{X-nse ]pXp-]p- Ip-]n-Sp--sf Bkm-m-XvIc
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ho-ip-Ib
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- .v A-s\,
Cu Xzkw-ln-Xbvv Hcp mkn-
kn-m--ns {]uVnbpw ]cn-th-jhp-am-Wn-tm D-Xv. knm-
- ns
Nne `mK--fn t`Z-K-Xn-I hcp-W-sav ]d-bp AXym-[p-\n-I-m
Ds-nepw AXns s]mXp-hmb km[p-Xsb imkv{X- Bcpw tNmZyw
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Dunb `mK- {in-p-I. PohPm-Xn-If
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B[p-\nI kwtbm-PnX knm-
- n\v
imkv{X-nS-bn s]mXp-hmb km[p-Xb
- p-s-m-Wtm {K-Im-cs hmZw. imkv{X-c
- psS Imcyw \n-s.
B-[p-\nI ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-In-S-bn
t]mepw B[p-\nI kwtbm-PnX knm-n\v s]mXp-hmb km[p-X-bn-s-XmWv hkvXp-X. {K-Im-cs Xs
Cu hcn-I t\mq: ""B[p-\nI kwtjn-X knm--Zi\w Ign A[ymb-tm-Sp-IqSn Ign-p. cmw alm-bp-n\v app-Xs Bhn-jvIc
- n-s
- n-cp Bib kwln-Xb
- psS B[p-\nI
cq]-amWv hc-p-Im-m {ian-n-p--Xv.
BZyw \ncq-]n--s--Xn\v tijw Pohim-kv{X-nepw _-s av hnm\-im-JI
- f
- nepw Dm-bn-p Ip-]n-Sp- DZv{- K-Y\w sNbvXv kzw Bib-f
- p-ambn Cgp-In-tp-hm B[p\nI kwt-jnX knm--n-\v--Nn-ecp-sS `mj-bn \h-Umhn-\n-k
- n-\v- 2012 Htm_

19

I-gn-n-p-s-X
- mWv AXns G-h
- pw
h-enb ta. CXn ]mcn-n-Xn-Iw, P\n-X-Iw, Xm-{Xm-Po-h-im-kv{Xw, {`qWhn-m-\w, `qhn-m-\w, s]cp-am imkv-{Xw Fn-h-sbmw Ds-Spw. F-nep-w B[p-\nI knm-s kwi-bZr-jvSn-tbmsS hon-p hna-X
- mcpw
]cn-WmahmZn-If
- p-sS-bn-Sb
- n Cs-n-.
Ch-cn Ghpw {][m-\n-I Nne ]pcmP-p-im-k{v X-c
- m-sWv ]d-bp-tm
hn-iz-kn-m {]bmkw tXmp-p-t-m?]s, AXmWv hmkvX-hw. t^mknep-I Xcp sXfn-hp-Ifpw B[p-\nI
kn-m-hpw Xn s]mcp-a
- n-s-mWv Ch-cpsS hmZw.''(12)
Umhn-\n-kt- bpw AXns B[p\n-Ic
- q-]a
- mb kwt-jnX knm-s
- b-pw ]cn-Wma hnZ-Kv[-cmb Hcp hn`mKw
imkv{X- Xs Xn--f-bpp
FXv ]cn-WmahmZn-Ip-t]mepw hniz-kn-m-\m-Im hkvXp-X-bm-sWv
s\Sp-hon-Sp-I-bmWv s{]m^. Ippn-ha. Fm Atlw Xs asmcn-Sv Fgp-Xn-btXm, kwt-jnX knm-ns ""s]mXp-hmb km[p-Xsb imkv-{X- Bcpw tNmZyw sNp-n-''s-pw! ]cn-Wm-ah
- n-ZK
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v c
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imkv{X-c
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Xnc-kI
v c
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Xs thWw! Umhn-\nv hnai-Isc
"hna-X' Fv {K-Im-c Ah-aX
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Ch-sc-n {K-Im-c \Ip
hn-h-cWw t\mq: ""Ccpw hsmcp
kn-m-s Xn-d
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In-m-hp {]kn-nbpw {]Nm-chpw Cu
A-`n-{]m-b
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AXn Poh-im-k{v X-c

-
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I-gn-n-n-s-X
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n-Xn.''(13)
aqSp-d bmYm-n-XnI Umhn-\n-kw
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Umhn-\nv ]cn-WmahmZ-m-c\
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ta-h-cn-I-fn\npw a\-n-em-mw.
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Xp'' sImm-Ws{X Chv {]kn-nbpw {]Nm-chpw Inn-bXv! Umhn\n-ks Xn-d
- b
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- v {]kn-nbpw {]Nm-chpw Inp Ime-am-Wn-sXv
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- q-l
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- pp Fm-Wn-Xn-\Yw.
{K-Im-cs \ymbw Umhn-\n-kn\pw _m[-I-am-n-bm Fmhpw
^-ew? Ccp-w-h krjvSn hnizm-ks Xn-d
-
X
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Inn-bXv?
Umhn hnai-Ic
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Ch. Ah-cpsS ]T\hnj-b-amb t^mkn- Pp- hf-sc-mew am-samp--an-msX XpS-cp-Xpw ]noSv s]-sv ]gb kv]ojn-kp-Iv ]Icw ]pXnb-h {]Xy-s
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knmw (\-hU
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sNm--Xm-sWpw Ah hni-Zo-I-cnp-hm ]pXn-sbmcp ]cn-Wma-kn-mw-Xs Bh-iy-am-sWpw Ahv
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- bn hncmaw hcp-p kv]ojo-Ic
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A-]qhhpw {]bm-kt- a-dn-bX
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- n F-s{U-Pv--KuUv ]cn-I]-\-bpsS cXv\
-
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mbn-bmb `mhw An-cX
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m-bn-bmb `mhw nc-X-bmWv (krjvS- n-ho-W {]Im-chpw kv]ojn-kns
mbn-bmb `mhw nc-Xb
- mWv! F-s{U-UvPpw Kukpw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Ifm-bn-cns kv]ojn-kns ncX kaYn-p ]pXnb ]cn-Wm-ah
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- m-sWv hon-p krjv-Sn-hm-Z-n-tev F{X-Zqcw Im-W-pw-?)
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CXnt\--m Kpcp-Xc
- a
- mb A`n-{]m2012 Htm_

20

b hyXym-k- ]nm-ev Ku-k-pw- kl-im-kv{X-cpw Umhn-\n-kn--s\-Xnsc D-bn-p-I-bp-m-bn. AtX-n {K-Im-c hnh-cn-p--Xn-s\: ""]noSv h hymg-h-
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a-p-Nn-ec
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- fpw Ahv e`n--p. Fkv.-Fw. men, ]n.-Pn. hneywk- Fn-h-cmWv Ch-cn {][m-\n-I. men-bpsS qe-]-cn-Wm-a-sp-dn ]p Bi-b- hncm-a-bp-amb kp-e\
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- v Dt]m_e-I--fm-bn. Ahsb KuUpw apw
]q-W-ambn ]nm-n-bn-pv. ]pXp-Xmbn D-bn-s
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kwt-jnX knm--n\v IS-I-hn-cpw Xs-bm-Wv. kv]ojo-Ic
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n-cn-p-Ib
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- W
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Fm bmYmYyw XnIpw hyXy-kv2012 Htm_

21

Kme--tKmkv Zzo]n-te-p
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Nmkv Umhns ap-\mb Cdm-kv-akv Umhn
Fgp-Xnb (1794) cv thmfy-fp kpHm-W-anbbn
]cn-Wma Bi-b--fp-m-bncp-p. Fn-cn-s, ]cn-Wmaw
kw_--amb bmsXmcp
ap[m-c-Wbpw Umhn\v
Dm-bn-cp-n-sv Icp-XpXv Ncn-{X-]-c-amb
h--am-bn-cn-pw.
X-am-Wv. Nmkv Umhns ap--\mb Cdm-ka
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c-v thmfy-f
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- n-eq-sS-b Poh-Pm-Xn-I ]cn-W-an-p--sXv ]cn2012 Htm_

22

Wm-ah
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bpw Xn hfsc kmay-f
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- p-am-bp a-c
- n ]g2012 Htm_

23

bh A\yw-\n--X-, t\sc-a-dn-v, A\y-w \n-Xp-sIm-p-mb hnS-hp-I

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- \S-p-Xv Ftmgpw sNdn-b kaq-l--fn hp-tN-cp hnh-I-c-amb am- hgn am{X-am-bn-cnpw. hwim-h-en-I apgp-h-\mbpw Hcp
]cn-Wm-a-X-e-n\npw Db Xen-tev IS-p--hn[w k]n-s-Sp auenI ]cn-Wmaw Hcp anYy
am-{X-am-Wv.''(21)
""kv]ojo-kp-I Xn-ep hyXymk- Ah-bpsS Bcw-`-nX-sbpv'' Fpw ""]no-SX
- n ]db
hy-Xym-k
- s
- fmpw hcp-n'' Fpw
Ku-Uv hy-am-n-bt- m. krjvSn-hmZ-ns ASn-m\ ho-Whpw CXpX-s-bm-Wv. Poh-Pm-Xn-I Dhw apXte hyXy-kX
v a- m-bn-cp-p-shpw ]noSh ]d-b
- amdn-bn-n-s-p-amWv krjvS- n knm-w. Umho-\n-b ]cn-Wma-hmZn-I-fm-bn-cp KuUpw kl-imkv{X-cpw IqSp-X IqSp-X Kthj-W
- f
- n-tes-t- m krjvSn hoW-hp-ambn Hp-t]m-Ip kv]ojokv

[mc-Wb
- n-em-sW-n-bXv FXv {itb-am-Wv. Fp-am-{X-a-, Poh-Pm-Xn--Iv \S-p Umhn k]n-t- ]mep- ]cn-Wmaw icn-b-stm icn-sX-p-I-fpsS an{i-W-am-sWtm A
""Hcp anYy am{X-amWv'' FmWv Ku-Up-w kl-im-kv{X-cpw hy-am-pXv!
Umhn-\n-k-ns kqW Xnckv-Im-c-n-tev ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I-fnse
Hcp hn`mKw imkv{X-
- m-sc-n-bXv
Um-hn `-msc Ipd-sm-p-a Akz--cm-p--Xv. AXn-\m Ch-cpsS
A`n-{]m-b- B[n-Im-cn-I-a Fv
hcp-n-om-\p hn^-e{- i-a
- f
- mWv ]cn-Wma kmln-Xy-Im-c
- m \S-p-Xv. s{]m^. Ipp-n-ha Fgp-XnbXv t\mq: ""Cu hI Bi-b
-
- s
- m-w Imc-W-ambn hfsc Ahy--amb
Nn-e P\n-XI
- hpw {`qW-hn-Im-k]
- c
- h
- p-amb {]{In-b-I Nqn-m-Wn--s-n-ps-nepw knm-
- f
- psS bYmY {]tNm-Z\w t^mkn-ep-I am{X-am-Wv.''(22)
KuUn-s\-tm-ep-h
- t^mkn
imkv{X--cm-b-Xp-sImv t^mkn
]T-\- Umhn-\n-k-ns s]mcw Ahsc t_m[y-s-Sp-n-bXv XnI-pw kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-Wv. ""t^mkn-ep-I
am{X-amb''XpsImv KuUns hn-a
- i-\--fpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-Xtbm {]m_eytam A]w-t]mepw Ipd-bp-n F-XmWv hkvXp-X. t^mkn imkv{Xs hnai-\
- t^mkn-ep-Is
- fb-msX P\n-XI imkv{Xs Bkv]Zn-m-IW
- s
- av {K-Im-c hmZn-ptam?
{]IrXn\n[m-cWw Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- psS D-h
- n\v Imc-Wa
- m-In-sv t^mkn
imkv{Xw am{X-a
- , P\n-XI imkv{Xhpw
hy-a
- m-p-pv (C-tX-n hni-Za
- mb
]-T\ XpSp-h-cp-p-v. ChnsS
a-smcp hiw km`n-I-ambn kqNn-np-I-bm-Wv). o^ KuUv F
t^mkn imkv{X- {]IrXn\n-[m-cW
- s D-hI
- m-cW
- s
- a \ne-bn-

Xnc-kvI-cn--t]mse temI-{]-i-kv-X
P-\n-XI imkv{X--\mb tamp-In-apdbpw Xnc-kvI-cn-n-p-v. {K-Im-cs
A-Xp-kw-_
- a
- mb ]cm-ai- t\mm-w. Atlw Ipdn-pp: ""km[m-cW-bmbn Hcp ayqt-j\
- p-m-bm A-Xns KpW-tZm-j--\p-k-cnv {]IrXn--\n[m-c-W-n AXv X-s-Sp-Itbm nco-I-cn--s-Sp-Itbm sNp-at-m. ayqnX `mhhpw ]gb `mhhpw Xn- KpW-tZm-j
- sf kw_-n hyXym--k
- s
- fm-p-an-s-ntem; {]-Ir-Xn-\n[m-cWw cn-s\bpw Hcp-t]mse A\pIq-en-pw. Atm Htc kv]ojo-kn
Htc kz`m-h
- n\v cv {]Im-c
- n-ep
e-W- Dm-bn-o-cpw. CXmWv
kv]ojo-kp-I-fn ImWp _lp-cq-]X-bpsS Imc-Ww. bmZr-n-I-ambn kw`hn-p P\n-XI hnK-Xn-aqew Hcp e-Ww nco-Ic
- n-s
- -Sp-Ibpw atXv
\mam-ht- i-ja
- m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXpshv hcmw. C{]-Im-cw, \njv] ayqtj-\p-Ifpw XpSp-h hnK-Xn-bpw-aq-eam-Wv, {]IrXn\n[m-cWw sIm-,
_rlXv Xm-{X-I-fn hyXym-k-
hXv F knmw Inaqd aptmp-shp''(23)
Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS D-h-n\v Im-cWw {]IrXn\n[m-cW
- Fv P\n-XI
im-kv{X--\mb Inaqd A`n-{]m-b-s-Xn-s\-n ""P\n-XI imkv{Xs am{Xw B[m-ca
- m-n-bmWv'' C-s\-sbmcp
hn-ai\w Dbn-bs
- Xv s{]m^. Ipp--n-ha Fgp-Xn-q-Sm-bvIb
- n! kmam\y hmb-\
- msc I_-fn-n-m asp-hgn?
]pXnb Poh-Pm-Xn-I Dcp-n-cn-Xv F-s\-sbv hni-Zo-Ic
- n-m Umhn\v km[y-am-bn-sv hy-am-bt- m.
Hc \qm-n-\n-Sb
- n GsX-nepw ]cnWma hnZ-Kv[v Amcyw km[y-amtbm? P\nXI imkv{Xhpw t^mkn
hn-m-\o-bh
- p-samw IpXn-p-Nm-
-
\-S-nb Ign Zi-I--fn Fv

Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw Fm-Wtm Umhns hnJymX IrXn-bpsS t]cv.

Po-h-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw Cu IrXn-bn hni-Z-ambn N sNbvXn-p-mIpw Fv
Ir-Xn-bpsS iojIw hmbn-p--h [cn-t-pw. Fm Ccp-]Xv e-tmfw
Poh-Pm-Xn-I `qap-J-p-m-bnpw AXn Hns D-h-s-p-dn-p-t]mepw
N sNm Hcp IrXnv Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw F t]cv
\In-sb--Xp-Xs hntcm-[m-`m-k-at?
2012 Htm_

24

kw-`h
- np? kqva ]cn-tim-[\
- b
- n ]pXn-b Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw Cpw
hn-iZ- o-Ic
- n-s
- -n-n-sv a\-n-em-Ipw.
C-mcyw t_m[y-am-hm ]cn-Wma Pohim-kv{X-c
- n {]ap-Jc
- mb GXm\pw
t]cpsS IrXn-I t\mmw.
]cn-Wma Poh-im-k{v X-\pw KWnX-im-kv{X-Im-c-\p-amWv skKn Kmhv-dnse--vkv. Ct-l-ns ^nv-\kv em- vkv-tI]vkv B v Z Hdn-Pn Hm^v kv]o-jokv ASp Ime-n-d-nb {it-b-amb ]T-\-am-Wv.(24) CXnse apJy
hn-jbw Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- psS D-ha
- m-sWnepw efnX Pohn-I-fn\npw k-oW Pohn-If
- n Dm-bs
- X-s
- \-sbv
Atlw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-n-. _mIvSo-cnb t]mep GI-tImi Pohn-If
- n hyXn-bm-\--fp-m-Ip--Xn-s\--n-bmWv
{K-Im-cs At\z-j-Ww. A\p-tbmPy-am-bh AXn-Po-hn-p--Xn-s\-p-dnpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p. Cm-cy-f
- n-sempw ]ccm-K-X-amb ]cn-Wma k-]--pdw Kuc-h-I-c-amb kw`m-h\-Is
- fmpw Kmhvd
- n-sevkv \Ip-n-.
sNdnb P\n-XI hyXn-bm-\- am{XamWv Ct-l-ns At\z-jW hnjbw. ]pXnb hnti-jX
- I
- Poh-Pm-Xn-I BPn-p--Xn-s\--ntbm XnIpw
hy-Xy-kX
v a
- mb Pohn-I Dcp-n-cn-bp-Xn-s\-p-dntm Atlw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-pn-. Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw F
Ir-Xn-sb-gp-Xnb Umhn-s\-tmse "A\p-tbmPy `q]-cn-kc
- hpw Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- psS
D-hhpw' F iojIw {K-n\v
\-In-sb-nepw ]pXnb Poh-Pm-Xn-Ifp-m-Ip--sX--s\-sbv hni-Zo-I-cnm-sX-hn-p.
{]apJ t^mkn imkv{X-\
- mb
o^ KuUv Fssk-tm-]o-Pnb
Hm-^v Ch-eq-j\n ASp-I
- m-ev F-

gp-Xn-bXv t\mmw. kqva ]cn-Wma

(micro evoloution)n\v hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww \-Im Umhn-\nkw {]m]vXa
- m-sW-nepw qe ]cn-Wma (macro evolution)
sa-v hnti-jn-n-s
- -Sp henb am-v Xr]vXn-Ic- a- mb hymJym-\a- m-hp-n Fv KuUv Fgp-Xp-p. At-l
- ns- hmp-I CXmWv: An automatically
degenerate parasite, reduced by natural selection to a little bag of reproductive tissue in
the body of a host, may be just as well adapted
to it's local environment as the most admirably evolved organic machine for running,
swimming or flying.''(25)
Umhn hni-Zo-I-cn-msX hn
q-e ]cn-Wmaw KuUv hni-Zo-I-cnp-thm F-XmWv tNmZyw. P\n-XI hyXn-bm-\
- f
- n-eqsS Poh-Pm-Xn-If
- psS icoc
henw (body size) Ipd-bm-sapw hwi\mi (Extinction)n\p-tijw Ah-tijn-p Pohn-I ]p Pohn-If
- mbn
]cn-W-an-p-sapw KuUv Nqn-mp-p. NmSm\pw \om\pw ]d-m\pw
A-\p-tbm-Py-amb icocLS-\t- bmsS Hcp
Po-h-PmXn cq]-s-Sp--sX--s\-sbv
Ku-Upw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-n-.
Gsd BZ-cn--s-Sp ]cn-Wma
ssk-m-n-I\
- mWv Gv sabv. ASp--Im-ev \qdmw hb-kn acn-pwhsc lmhmUv bqWn-th-gv-kn-n-bnse
s{]-m-^-k-dmbncpp At-lw. Hcp-]s-, Umhn-\p-ti-j-ap-mb Ghpw
{]apJ ]cn-Wma sskm-n-I. sabv- HSp-hn-embn Fgp-Xnb IrXn-bmWv
hm-v Ch-eq-j Cukv(26) Cu IrXn-bnep-w thKw Ipd sNm-b-I thKX-tb-dnb sNm-b-I-fm-hp--Xn-s\-n
Um-hn hnh-cn--t]mse P\n-XI hyXn-bm-\
- sf (genetic variations)pdnv
am-{X-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xv. GsXnepw Hcp Poh-PmXn XnIpw hyXy2012 Htm_

25

kvX
- a
- mb asmcp Poh-Pm-Xn-bm-Ip-s
- X-s\-sbv hni-Zo-Ic
- n-m AXym-[p\n-I-\mb sabvdpw {ian-n-n! ``Inspire
of its gradulness macro evolution is characterized by numerous major inventions.''
Fv A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp Atlw Cu
h-am-
- F-s\-bmWv Pohn-If
- n
D`q-Xa
- m-Ip-s
- Xv hy-am-p-n-.
{]iv\
- sf In-sv \Sn-p-Ib
- mWv
c--s-Sm-\p Ffp--h-gn-sbv Cu
lm-hmUv imkv{X-\pw tXmn-mWpw. Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS Dhw hni-ZoI-cn-pp Fv Ah-Im-i-sv P\nXI hyXn-bm-\
- am{Xw {]Xn-]m-Znv
B-h
-
- \
- b
- p-tS-Xmb h ]mc-cyw
Xp-S-n-sh BNm-cy-\mb Umhns
C-jvSZ- m-k as-mWv sNt-Xv?!
Ipdn-p-I:
1. AFP News 24 May 2007
2. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, 1859
3. The Origin of Species (Penguin: 1981)
P. 115
4. taIr-Xn, t]Pv 138
5. Ipp-n-ha, ]cn-Wmaw Fs\?
tIcf imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn-j
- v, Unkw_ 2009, t]Pv 17
6.The Origin of Species, P. 70
7. ]cn-Wmaw Fs\? t]Pv 13-14
8. Francis Darwin, The life of Charles
Darwin (Senate: London) 1995, P. 46
9. ]cn-Wmaw Fs\? t]Pv 75-76
10. taIr-Xn, t]Pv 76
11. taIrXn t]Pv 78
12. taIrXn t]Pv 242
13 taIrXn t]Pv 242
14. t]Pp-I 242-243
15. t]Pv 245
16. t]Pv 246
17. t]Pv 243
18. t]Pp-I 243-244
19. t]Pv 247
20. t]Pv 246
21. t]Pp-I 246-247
22. t]Pv 247
23. t]Pv 250
24. Sergey Gavrilets, Fitness Landscapes
and the Origin of Species (Princeton University Press) 2004
25. Stephen Gould, Encyclopedia of Evolution Ed. Mark Pagel (Oxford University
Press) 2002, P. E 26
26. Ernst Mayr, What Evolution Is? (Basic
Books), 2001, 318 PP

(XpScpw)

t\
Xncphm IrjvWIpnbpsS shfnsSpepI: 2

Xncphmdnkw ss{IkvXhhncpw
Cuk s]cpmhq

Xncphmdns sRnnp shfnsSpepI kvt\lkwhmZn h-Xn-s\XpSv aXXmcXay]T\n Xm]cyap temIsmSpap ae-bmfn-I XnI BImwjbnemWv. Atlns Ckvemw hnai\fpsS ssien
Adnbp Ghpw RfpsS tNmZyv Cs\bmsX Hcp adp]Sn A-tl-n\v \Im km[yamsbv Xncndnnpv. Cs\ Xncphmdnkw
Im-elcWsv Imens NhpsImbntev FdnbsSpXn hn{`mn _m[n- Nne R {]XonncpXpt]mse cwK{]thiw sNbvXnpv.
]pXnb\nbanse tbiphns\ am{Xw NsSpv aplZv \_nbpsS Pohn-Xs Ahtlfnmsav IcpXnb Xncphmdns ]napdmc\mb tPmk
tXSbn hnjbns KuchsampadnbmsX Nne A`n{]mb{]IS\
\Sn Cs\neqsS P\{i WnncnpIbmWv. Xncphmdpambn R
\-Snb NbneqsS Atlns Bib XnIpw ss{IkvXh-hn-cp--amsW-v m]nsncpp. Ckvemans\Xnsc ]S\bnphm Cdn ]pds
A-tlw Xmt]mepadnbmsX ss{IkvXhhrn \npw ]pdp t]m-bn-cnp-pshv Atln\pw t_m[ysnpv. Npcpn Rfpw Xncph-mdp-ambn \SXv ss{IkvXhCkvemw kwhmZa. adnv, {InkvXpaXhpw Xncphmdn-khpw Xnep Acspdnmbncpp.
kw`mjWnepS\ofw Xm kvt\lnp ]pXnb \nbanse tbiphn\v
H-cp t]mdt]meptamsX {in Atlw Cusbmcp ]cnKW\ A]wt]m-epw btlmhv \Inbn. btlmhsb A[manI\mbpw sIme]mXInbmbpw

2012 Htm_

26

ap-{ZIpn Xs Ghpw henb hnai\]m{Xfmb Amlphns\bpw ap-l-Zns\mfpw btlmhsb XcwXmgvn ]dbptmgpw Xm Ctmgpw {In-kv-Xp-aX-n \nesImppshmWv Xncphm IcpXnbXv. btlmhsb hnainmep-w tbiphns\ Xm ]pIgvn ]dbp Imetmfw X\nv {InkvXpaXn
AwKXzw \ne\npsamWv ]mhw Xncphm [cnncpXv. Fm, C{]Imcw
epw eKm\panm {InkvXp alXz{]Io\ Gp]mSphm ss{Ikv-Xh-k` XmdmhnsmWv teJIs ]w. kXyw CXmbncns Xncphmdpw
Rfpambn \S Nsb ss{IkvXhkaqlns\Xnscbp \oambn Nn{Xo-Icnp _lpam\y\mb tPmk tXSbn hgntb t]mIp hmth-en ss{IkvXhcpsS ta hennSpIbmsWv kvt\l]qhw HmasSps.
R \Snb NbpsS sXfnhpI \nv Hm^v {Sqn \npw e`npsan-cns CXns\mpw {ianmsX Xncphmdnsbpw IpSpw_nsbpw hmpI-sf am{Xw B{ibnv {]kvXpX kw`mjWw hymPamsWv hnizknm\pw hniz-knnm\pw IjvSsSp sshZnI\mb tPmk Hcp XmmenI ]pIad
kr-jSnphm\p hrYm ]cn{ianemWv.
asmcp aXhn`mKns] {]kn\mb Hcp t\Xmhns\pdnv bmsXmcp
sX-fnhpIfpw ssIhianmsX, Atlw Dbn Ckvemw hnai\ ]n-hen-p FXnep]cnbmbn kzw aXhnizmks Xs Xndncnpp
F- Hcp hymP teJ\sagptX bmsXmcp Bhiyhpw Rn. Xo--bmbpw N sNsSpsa Dat_m[ytmsS {]knoIcns {]kvXpX
teJ\n Xncphm ]dXmbn Rm Dcn {][m\ Imcyfmb btlmh
A-[manI\msWpw, tbiphpw btlmhbpw Hspw, Amlphpw aplZpw
sN-bvX AtX Ip btlmhbpw sNbvXnpspw, tbiphpw btlmhbpw
H-msWv hnizknm tbiphpw sImnpsv kXntnhcpsapw,
ss_-_nfn [mcmfw sshcp[yfpspw, tbiphns A[ym]\ {]Imcw
btlmhsb \ymboIcnm Ignbnspw, hnai\mI ]T\fneqsS C-kvem-ans\ hnaint]mse ss__nfns\bpw kao]nm btlmhsbbpw apIme
{]-hmNIamscbpw hnaintn hcpsapw, btlmhbpsS hmpI hna-i-\v hnt[bamsWpw Cs\ hnai\mIambn ]Tnptm Xm
]-etmgpw bpnhmZnIsmamsWpw, btlmh [manI\msWv hnizkn-phv Amlphns\bpw aplZns\bpw hnainm Ignbnspw
H-sbp Xncphmdns XncphN\ RfpsS ] kqnnpv.
tNmZyv imcocnI _elo\Xaqew Atlw RcpIbpw aqfpIbpw
sN-bvXXns\ RfpsS Xm]cy{]Imcw hfsmSnXmhmsav Bcpw {]-N-cnn-m {iantXn. hyamb aebmf `mjbn ]qWt_m[tmsS ]e-XhW Atlw BhnXmbn Cu sXfnhpI hyamppv. Cu
kw-`hs \ntj[nv asmcp A`napJw Xncphmdns\bpw IpSpw_sbpw
apn \nn AWnbnsmcpnb tPmk RfpsS ]ep sXfn-hp2012 Htm_

27

I- ]cntim[nm Xmdptm? Xm-v Ignbphn[w B sXfnhpI

imkv{Xob ]cntim[\v hnt[bamn
Xncphm Cs\sbms ]dnps- v t_m[ysm tcJmaqew
Xpdp kXnpsa hyh-tbmsS aptmp hcWsav CXv {inp
ap-gph BfpIsfbpw kmnbmn
tPm-k tXSbnent\mSv Rm
B-hiysSpIbmWv. CXn Rm\mWv
A-kXyw {]hnsXn CXv Xpd-p kXnp Hcp A`napJw \n-mbn \Iphm XmdmWv. Xm hnjbn kXyk-\msW-n Cu kphWmhkcw {]tbmP\sSp-p-sav {]Xonpp. (tPmk kwLSnn \ntj[m`napJtmSp- {]XnIcWw www.zakeen.in/muhammed-issa F enn ImWmw.)
Xncphmdnkns Zu_ey
[manIX FsmsWv ]Tn-n-t-Xv GI\mb ssZhamsWpw A-h
a-\pjyv `qanbn kam[m\tmsS
PohnpXn\pw \msf ]ctemI hnP-bw t\tSXn\pw A\nhm-cyam-sWpw Ddv hnizknphcmWv k-XyhnizmknI; A, Ah am{XamWv
k-XyhnizmknI. Fm Cu ASnm-\ Adnhv t]mepw Cm Nne
a-XXmcXay ]T\n ]s-Sp-p-Ibp-w hnjbs aeoakampIbpw
sNpp. Ckvemans\ ISm{IanpI F GIeyn {]h\
\n-cX-ambncnp ChcpsS hmZ
{In-kvXpaXs AXyw A]I-S-I-cam-b {]Xnknbn Fnnc-np-Ibm--Wv. Cu kwLn\v t\XrXzw \-Ip- Xncphm IrjvWIpnpw
tPm-- k tXSbnen\psams
btlmhsbpdnv A[nIw aXnp-sv tXmpn. ChcpsS {]kwKhnj-bw ]pXnb \nbanse tbiphpw
]utemkns Xzimkv{Xhpw am-{Xam-Wv. btlmhbpw \ymb{]am-Whp-sam-w blqZamcpsSbpw tbiphpw ]pXn-b\nbahpw RfptSXpw FmWv
C-hcpsS {]Jym]nX ap{ZmhmIyw.
\ymb{]amWs kw_nv \nXy-Pohs amKsapw a\pjysc ipo-Icnp \nbasapw Ch B-Ncnp P\X hnthIaphcpw t{i-

j-vTcpsav A\yaXt]mepw ]dbpsapw btlmhbpw tamsibpw ZmhoZpw

tbiphpsams ]pIgvn ]dbptm AtX \nbaspdnv Zcn{Zhpw
_elo\hpamb BZn]mTsav hntijnn ]utemknt\m AXncp Ihnv
B \nbasfmw A[manIamsWvIqSn ]dbphcmWv Xncphmdnkns
hm. ]cnip\mb btlmh {]hmNIamcneqsS sNbvX Imcy hmbn-ptm aqv s]mn, Hmm\nv, sNhn sImnbSv, Adpw shdppw lrZbnt]dn Pohnp Chv BsIbp Bizmkw ]pXnb \nbanse
tb-ip{InkvXphmWv.
{InkvXpaX hoWn tbiphpw btlmhbpw HmsWpw btlmhbpsS
h-N\amWv tbipshpw tbip alXzoIcn ]nXmhv btlmhbmsWpw btlm--hbpsS kn[nbntep hgnbmWv tbipshpw hnizknphv
Xncphmdnksa hnUvVnw cq]oIcnphmt\m ]nmphmt\m km[nptam?
Npcpn {InkvXp aXXzsf ]qWambn AhKWnXn\v tijw
am{XamWv Ch Cs\sbms ]dbpsXv ]It]mse hyamWv. Cs\
CkvemamIp Ccsb sImmthn kzw hnizmkwhsc Dt]nv Nmth
B{IaWw \Snbnpw Cc cs]SWsamWv ssZhnI Xocpam\w.
Xncphmdn\v kw`hnXpw tPmk\v kw`hnpXpw
aplZns\ \ymboIcnpXn\v thn hnip ss__n, btlmh, tbip
F-o hnjbsf hyXykvXamb coXnbn ]Tnnv ss{IkvXhsc tXtPmh[w
sN-p aplZv CukbpsSbpw IqcpsSbpw ]nSnptISv Xpdp Im-Wn-p-hm\m-Wt{X tPmk \ntj[ A`napJw kwLSnnXv. ]t Fs hy-Xy-kvXa-mb ]TnnepI Fs\sbpw AXns t]mcmbva Fspw AXv F-s\ adnISmsapw hyammXncpXv FmsWv a\knemIpn.
A-mlphns\bpw aplZns\bpw hnainphm\mbn Dbn ImcW
A-Xnt\m F{Xtbm A[nIw XhW sNbvXnp btlmhsb ap\nn
a\nemn sImSppI am{Xambncpp NIfneqsS R eyw hXv.
F-m RfpsS tNmZyfpsS Dtiyw FmsWv Ffpn Xncndn
Xncphm Xm XpSnsh Ckvemw hnai\ ]nhenmXncnm btlm-hbpw \ymb{]amWhpw {InkvXym\nv _m[Ia F Xopw A-\ym-bam-b hmZapbn csSphm\mWv {ianXv. ]pXnb \nbahpw tbip{InkvXphpw
am{XamWv RfpsS [manIXbpsS am\Zsav hcpnov B h-d-Nnbn Ckvemans\bpw {]hmNIs\bpw s]mcnsSpmw F Ip_pnbmbncpp
Cu kabw Atln DmbncpXv. ]t Xncphmdpw Iqcpw am{Xatm
ss_-_n hmbnnpXv. ss__n FmsWpw btlmhbpsS [--a-im-k-\I- FmsWpw btlmhbpw tbiphpw Xnep _w Fm-bn-cp-p-sh2012 Htm_

28

p-w am{Xa, {InkvXym\nI Fmbn-cpp ss__nfn \nv a\-n-emt-sXpw hyamb t_m[y-aph-cm- Wv CkvemanI {]t_m[I. AXpsIm-v IpXdn HmSm {ian Xncph-mdn-s\ CStmtm hetmtm A\m-- kXnmsX hnjbntev
X-s R sImphp. b-tlm-hsb A[manI\mn ssIsbmgnv
tbiphns\ am{Xw kwcnphm\p
Xncphmdns Xocpam\w {Inkv-Xp-a-Xkv-t\lw FXnt\mfp]cn kzw
Ckvemw hnai\tfmSp Bcm-[\-bmbncpp Fv thWw IcpXm.
{XntbI ssZhns {]NmcI\v btlm-hsb XndpsImv tb-iphn-s\ kwcnm Ignbnsv R- ]TnnWambncptm? Cs\
Dd-w \Sn Xncphmdns\ Ipep-nbp-Wn \nfpsS hnizmk{]Imcw
tb-ipXsbmWv btlmh Fv Hm-a
- s-Spnbtm Fs hnizmkw AXm-sbv Atlw Ghpw IpdXv
A-v {]mhiysanepw RtfmSv ]d-npv. Fm As\ ]d-vsIm-v am{Xw csSphm Ign-bptam-?
A[manI\mb btlmhsb tbip
a-lXzoIcnXv Fn\msWpw tbiphn-s\ ]n]ph sNtXv ]nXmhm-b btlmhbpsS kn[n-bn-te-msW-pwIqSn HmanntXmsS kIehmZ-fpw s]mfn Atlw F\nv
tbip-hgn t]mbm aXnsbpw sN-sp- ew GXmsW-dn-tbs-psam-s ]dv kXyn\v t\sc Iv
CdpnbSp. As\ aplZv \-_nsb sXdnhnfnpXv X\npw Xs
kn-_nIpw XpScm thn btlm-hbn \npw tbiphns\ cs-Spn ZoLZqcw HmSnb Xncphm
BtcmKy{]iv\w sIm, adnv BZ-i]mcw aqeamWv XfncpXv.
kXyssZhns\Xncmbn ]Xn-m-p-I ]S\bn Atln\v ]m-]
- np-hm\p Ahkcw R Hcpn
sImSpp. Ckvemans\ Ipdnv hn-iZ--ambn R kwkmcnp. B kw`mj-Wn ss__nfnse btlm-hs
- bbp-w tamsisbbpw tbiphns\bpw a-\kn-emtXv Fs\sbpw B C-

cp-{]hmNIamcpsSbpw {]h\aefnep hyXymksIpdnpw Ah-scmhcpw [manIcmsWpw Cu XncndnthmsS Ckvemans\ ]Tnptm

Xm-fpsS hnai\v {]kIvXnbnsv t_m[yamIpsapw DW-p-Ib
- pm-bn. tijw ssZhns ImcpWyspdnv HmasSppIbpw ]m]
F{X ITn\amsWnepw Xm ]m]nm Xmdmbm Gsd s]mdp-p-h\pw IcpWmhmcn[nbpw F \nebn Xm ssZhs Ispsapw
R- Atls BizknnpIbpw sNbvXp. GXmbmepw Xncphm Bibw
F- Zpcmmhv hnsmgn \nebn km[phmb Xncphmdns\ R Zinp.
R-v AtltmSv kvt\lhpw A\pIbpw am{Xta Dq.
Fm Xncphm BibsXncmbn R m]n Imcysf
shp-hnfnv adp]Sn ]dbphm Xncphmdn\v XSambncpXv Bib]mca,
B-tcmKy{]iv\fmsWv Atlssmv ]dbnnp tPmk tX-Sbnt\mSv CsXmcp BZi hnjbambXn\m Xm adp]Sn ]dmepw R-v kzoImcyamsWv Adnbns. Fs teJ\w hmbn Ckvemw hnai-Ipw Ckvemw {]t_m[Ipw CXn\v Fv adp]Snbmbncnpw \n \-IpIsbv Adnbm Xm]cyapv. CXns\mpw {ianmsX Xncphmdn\v
B-tcmKyanspw R Cu tNmZysfmpw tNmZnnnspw teJI\nep
Bmhns\Ipdnpsams A[nI{]kwKw \Sn kabw Ifm {]-_p-c-mb
- t{im{XmfpsS In s]mSnbnSmsav IcpXpXv hymtamlw am{XamWv.
X-ncp-hmdns\ t]mse Xmfpw tIcfcbmsI "tbiphnsbpw aplZnsbpw
[m-anIX' N sNWsav BhiysSp ]nX\mWtm.
skan\mcnbn\npw IrXyamb apKW\m{Ian BZyw btlmhsbbpw
{]-hmNIamscbpwIpdnv ]Tn Xm XnIpw {InkvXpaX hncpamb Xn-cph-m Bibns \hapJw t]dn \Sphm ImcWw FmsWv a-\-kn-emIp-n. ]TnXv a\knemImnmtWm AtXm ]TnXnt\m Ffpw CXmsW-v [cnnmtWm Fv hyIvXa. GXmbmepw Ckvemw hna-iIcmb \nfpsSsbms `qanI {InkvXpaXw XsbmtWm
F-v s]mXpkaqlw XncndnpsImncnpIbmWv.
tbiphns [manIX {InkvXpaX hoWn
aplZns\ \ymboIcnpXn\v btlmhbpsS sNbvXn-Isf-tbm btlmh XsbmWv tbipsh ss{IkvXh k--s-tbm Rm am\Zamnbm ss{IkvXh tXtPmh[w
sN-sSp {]iv\an. CXp ]dm tXmtPmh[w sNsp
Fv tXmphv btlmhsb kw_nv ]cnip F
KpWw hIshv sImSpm km[nnnsmWv shfnsSpXv.
btlmh F GI\mb ssZhn aqv hyXykvXamb B-fXz- Dsnepw Ch BXynIambn kmcmwin Hv
X-sbmWv Fv ss{IkvXh hnizknpp. CXv F--s\sb-v hniZoIcnphm Ignbm Hcp aaamsWv Ah ]e-hw ]dnpXn\m Ctm AtXpdnv Hpw tNmZnp-n. Xmew Cu hnizmkw \nfpsS IqsS Xs-bn-cn-s.
Fm, Cs\ btlmhbpw tbiphpw HmsWv ]-dbp
\n- Bhiym\pkcWw Cu IqpsIns\ s]mfnv Hv asm-nt\mSv _anm \nebn ths]SpcpXv. BImi
`q-anIsf krjvSnXpw ag s]nnpXpw a\pjys\ kr-jv-Sn-Xpw a\pjyv Blmcw \IpXpw Hsbmb \ Imcy- ]dbptm am{Xw kmcmwin Hpw bpw, sImap-X, _lp`mcyXzw, ASna kv{Xo XpSnb NI hcptm
km-cmwin XnIpw hyXykvXcpw F \ne]mSv hnth-I-ap2012 Htm_

29

-hmpw hIshp Xcm km[n-n.

AXpsImv btlmh F tbip
A-Yhm tbip F btlmh B-bn-cnp- ss__nfnse ssZhns [m-an-IX hniZambn \apsmv ]p-hbv-mw. ]cnip\mb btlmhbpsS
hnimeamb {]hrnIsf Ipdnv {]Xn-]mZnpXn\p ]Icw Ckvemw hna-i
- Iv [manIambn AwKo-Ic
- n-m Ignbm bpw sImapX,
sIme, inm k{Zmbw, _lp-`mcyXzw-, shmnI, apXemb hnjb
am{Xw NsNpIbmWv. ss__nfn
]gb \nba`mKfn tbip Fv {]Xn-]mZnpnsnepw ss{IkvXh hniz-mk
- {]Imcw tbip XsbmWv G-I\m-b btlmh F Xzw D]tbmKnv
hmb\mcpsS kuIcyn\mbn btlm-h F ]Zn\p]Icw tbip Fv D]tbmKnpIbmWv. GXmbmepw
]-cnip\mb btlmhbpsS {]h-
- nI-sf ]cnip\mb tbiphntev tN-Xns t]cn tbiphns ]cn-ipn Ipdbnsv ss{IkvXh hn-izm-kn-

I-v Ddnmw.
aplZv sIme sNbvXnpv; tbip Bscbpw sImnn.
i{Xpfpambn \S bpnepw Xs `cWn Iognep P\fpsS
CSbn IpIrXyv hn[nIntmgpw aplZv \_n \Snemnbnp
sIm-eI A[manIamsWmWv Xncphm kwLns ]w. Fm apl-Zv \_n t\cn Cu cv kmlNcyfpw t\cntSnhnnm tb-iphns PohnXw D]tbmKnv aplZv \_nsb XmcXayw sNbvXv hnjbs D-]cnhambn kao]nphsc hnmatm FmWv Ch IWpIqpXv.
ap-lZv \_n bpsS PohnXn ta]d kmlNcyfn h[ns
i-{XpfpsS Fw Fqdn Xmsgbpw IphmfnIfpsS Fw An Xmsgbpw
B-Wv. Fm Cu kmlNcyfpw kwJymIWpw Hpw hniZoIcnm
{]-t_m[Iv kabw A\phZnm kphntij"the'I hnjbs aplZv
\-_n bpsS A[manIXbvpw {IqcXbvpw sXfn-hmbn hn[nI]n-p-p.
Cu ]m--e-n Ch-cpsS A[man-IXmhmZw apkvenwItf-m IqSp-X
B-sc-bmWv _m[n-p-s
- Xv ]cn-tim-[n-tXpv.
btlm-hb
- psS a\p-jym-hX
- m-ca
- m-Wv tbip Fv hniz-kn-p ss{IkvXh
- v,
ta- ]d-bs
- kml-Nc
- y-f
- n Atlns \ne-]m-sS-m-bn-cp-p-shv Rm
]d-bm-sX- Xs Adn-bm-hp-X
- m-Wv. Fnepw CsXmpw Adn-bn-sv \Sn-p
Xnc-p-h-m-dns\bpw tPmk-s\bpw hKo-kn-s\-bp-sams \nb-{n-msX Ib-dqcn hnnv, C-h-cpsS t`mjvv sImv {InkvXp-a-X-n\v KpWw Inp-sav a\-]m-b-ap-m-Xn-cn-m Nne ss__n hN-\- D-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
""Fm blqZ P\-Xb
- psS BZy-Pm-X\
- mb G tbip-hns ZrjvSn-bn Hcp ZpjvS- Bbn-cp-p. AXp-sImv tbip Ahs\ sImp-If
-
p.'' (Dn 38-:7- )
""tbip (btlm-h-) Gcns\ sIm-tm ]nXm-hmb sblqZ Gcns A\p-P\m-b Hm\m-\n-t\mSv tbip-hns Iev]\
- b
- mb tZhc hnhml k{-Zm-b{- ]-Imcw Gcn-s `mcy-bp-ambn ssewKn-I-_w ]pen Gcn\p thn Hcp Ipns\ P\n-n-p-hm Bh-iy-s-p. Fm CXv B{K-ln-m-Xn-cp Hm\m tbip-hns
I--\bmb ktlm-Zc
- `
- m-cy-bp-ambn ssewKnI _w ]pen-sb-nepw _oPw
A-h-fpsS Dn t]mImsX ]pd-v \ne-tv Hgnp If-p. Ahs {]-h-n tbip-hns ZrjvSn-bn tZmj-ap-X
- m-bn-cp-p. AXp-sImv tbip Ah-s\bpw
sIm-pIf-p. (D]n 38:8-10)
2012 Htm_

30

""hgn at[y-bp k{X-n hv

tb-ip tamisb t\cn-p. At-ls
sIm-p-hm `mhn-p. Fm tamsibp-sS `mcybmb kntmd aIs enwKns A{K-Naw apdnv tamsi-bpsS
Im hp. Cs\ tbip tam-isb sImmsX hn-b
- p.'' (]pd-mSv 4:24)
""bn{k-tb-eysc hn-b
- m-Xn-cp ^d-thm-sbpw Fm CuPn-]vXp-Im-cp-sSb-pw Ah-cpsS arK-f
- p-sSbpw ISn-qep-I-sf tbip sImpIfp. CuPn]vXn hen-sbmcp \ne-hnfn Dm-bn.
H-s-nepw acn-m Hcp hoSpw Dmbn--cp-n-. C{]-Imcw Xm sNbvX hen-b Imcy- bn{k-tb-ey Fpw
Hm-t--Xn\v s]kl F Hcp D-hw BN-cn-p-hm bn{k-tb-ey-tcmSv
tb-ip I]n-p.'' (]p-d-mSv 12:12, 13:15,
12:29)
""tamsi {]hm-N-I-s\bpw bn{k-tbey-sc-bpw ]np-S ^d-thms\bpw Adp-\qdp cY- \nd-bp tXcm-fn-I-sfbpw tbip IS-en-tev Xn-bn-p. Ahcn- Hcp-h\pw Poh-t\msS tijn-n-.''
(]p-d-mSv 14:27,28)
""tamsi-bpsS A`m-h
- n X\nv
]-Icw Imf-p-nsb Dmn Bcm-[n-Xn\v tehy F tKm{X-msc D]tbm-Knv Ah-cpsS ktlm-Zc
- amcpw kvt\-ln-Xamcpamb 3000 bn{k-tb-eysc
tb-ip sImn-p.'' (]pd-mSv 32:27,28)
Xm\-msX asmcp tZh\v Ip-ns\ sImSp-p A\y-\m-p-Im-c\
- m-sWn-epw sIm-Ws
- av tbip I]n-pp. Cu I\{]Imcw bn{k-tb-ey
\-S
- nb Fm h[-in-b
- p-sSbpw Dc-hm-ZnXzw D-h-\mWv tbip. (tehy
20:2)
ssewKnI A[man-IX
- s
- mw tbip--hns hn[n h[-in-. (tehy 20:9:2-1)
]c-tZ-in-bm-bmepw kztZ-in-bm-bmepw
X-s Zpjn-m Ahs\ Is-dnv
sIm--W-sav tbip. (tehy 24:1316)
sIme-]m-XI
- s\ sIm-Ws
- av tbip-. (tehy 24:17)
A\y-a-X-kvX-cmb \qdp i{Xp-sf
sI-mm Av hnizm-kn-I aXn. ]Xn\m-bncw t]sc sImm \qdp hnizm-

kn-I aXn. Cs\ t]mcmfnIsf in-s-Sp-p- tbip-hns hmp-I

(te-hy 26:8)
bpw sNm {]m]vXc
- mb Bdp-e
- naphm-bn-cn Aqdv t]c-S
- p
ssk-\ys tbip Xm-dm-n. (kwJy 1:46)
tamsi {]hm-NI
- t- \mSv [nmcw ImWn tImc-ln-s\bpw {]kn-c
- mb 250 t\Xm---m-scbpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw tijw 10,700 t]scbpw `qan ]n-f-n-bpw AnsImv Zln-npw _m[ Abpw tbip sImsm-Sp-n. (kwJy 16-)
Atmcy cmPm-hmb kotlms\bpw _mim cmPm-hmb HmKn-s\bpw Ah-cpsS kh-ssk-\y--sfbpw tbip sImn-p. (kwJy 21)
A-\y-tZ-hs\ Bcm-[n 24000 bn{k-tb-eysc tbip sImn-p. (kwJy 25:19)
Xs Bcm-[n-p bn{k-tb-ey ]nSn-S- p-p-- ap-gph P\-XI
- s
- fbpw \n_--ambpw sIm-W-sav tbip (Bh\w 7:16)
AtXm-sSmw Ah-cpsS ssZh-f
- psS hn{K-l
- sfbpw Xobn-env Npp-If
- b
- Wsa-pw tbip-hns I]-\. (Bh\w 7:25)
-A\yssZhs Bcm-[n--W-sav \ns ktlm-Z-ct\m, a-I-t\m, aItfm \o
kvt- \ln-p `mcytbm cl-ky-ambn ]dv hio-Ic
- n-m {ian-m Ah-t\mSv
\o Icp-W ImWn-msX Is-dn-v sIm-W-sav tbip-hns I]-\. (B-h--\w 13:611)
tbip-hns \nbaw \S-n-em-p cmPy-p- ]p-cp-jt\m kv{Xotbm A\ytZ-ham-sctbm kqcy-N{- mZn-Is
- ftbm BIm-i
- p as-ns\ Fn-eptam Bcm[n-m Ahs\ Is-dnv sIm-W-sav tbip-hns I]-\. (Bh\w
17:18)
Cs\ h[-in-v hn[n--s--hsc sImp-hm Bsc-nepw hnkXnm- Ahs\ sIm-W-sav tbip-hns I]\ (Bh-\w 17:813)
hnizm-kn-I Hcp \Kcw B{I-an-p-Ibpw Ahsc tbip i{Xp-s-Xn-cn hnP-bn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXm kIe ]pcp-j
- m-scbpw hmsImv sIm-Ww.
F-m kv{XoI-sfbpw Ipp-s
- fbpw hnizm-kn-Iv sIm-bmbn FSp-p-Ib-pw A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNmw. (Bh-\w 20:12-14)
bp-n ]nSn--s ASn-akv{Xo kp-cn-bm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw \n\v Ahsf
`m-cy-bmbn FSp-p-Ibpw sN-W-sa-n, "Ahsf \ns hon Iqn-sIm-p-

2012 Htm_

31

t]mbn Xe-apSn hSnp If-bp-Ibpw \J-w apdn-p-If

- b
- p-Ibpw {]hmk hkv{- X- amp-Ibpw sNp--Xn\v tijw
H-cp amkw ]nn-SW
- '-sav tbip-hns
I-]-\-. (B-h\w 20: 10)
sbcntlm ]-W-nse apgp-h
]p-cp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw _mem-scbpw hr-m-scbpw BSv, amSv,
IgpX Fn-hs
- bbpw XpS-nb kIe
Po-h-\p--Xn-s\bpw tbmiph {]hm-NI- sImp-If
-
p. C-s\-sbms
sN-m tbmiphbvv Iqmbn tbip
D-mbncpp. (tb-miph 6)
sbcn-tlm-hn \npw sIm-ap-Xem-bn tbip-hn\v e`n AnX h-kX
v p-fn \npw BJm F hyn
Nn-eXv FSp--Xn\v tbip tIm]n-p.
tb-ip-hns D{K-tIm]w amdp-X
- n\v BJm-s\ tbmip-hbpw kwLhpw Is-dnv Npp-sIm-p. (tbm-iph 7)
tbip-hns Iev]-\-{]-Imcw lmbn
F- cmPy-nse cmPm-hns\ sImp
s
- I-nqp-Ibpw 12,000 ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoIsf sImpw Ah-cpsS hkv-Xp- sIm-ap-X-embn hniz-mknI-v \Inbpw tbmiph tbip-hns\
A-\p-k-cn-p. (tbm-iph 8)
Ap cmPm--m-cpsS ssk\y-hpam-bn tbmiph bpw sNth AXnse
[mcmfw ]pcpj-msc Atlw shnsIm-p. ]nn-cn-tm-Sn-b-hsc BImiv \nv Iag s]n-nv tbip
sIm-p. tbmip-hbpw kwLhpw sImXn-t\-m A[n-Ia- m-fp-Isf tbip I-sd
- n-p-sIm-p. tijw tbmiph A-v
cmPm-
- msc shn-smv ky-hs
- c
ac-n-t Xqn-bn-p. (tb-miph 10)
]noSpw tbmiph At\Iw cmPm-mscbpw Ah-cpsS ssk\y-sbpw
tbip-hns I]-\{- ]-Imcw sImsmSp-p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS hkvXp- sIm-bmbn A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
CXv Hmtcmpw hnh-cn-m-\p _pnap-p-sImv ss__n-fntmepw sIms-h
- c
- psS cmPm-
- m-cp-sS 31 t]-cS-
- p- ]nI sImSp-p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv.
(tb-miph 12)
tbip-hn-t\mSv kmcmw-i
- n Hmbn--cn-p asmcp BfXzamb ]-cn-ipm-mhv inwtim-\n {]th-in-t- m

Hcn- 30 t]scbpw asm-cn- Bbncw t]scbpw sImv cv Iq\-I D-mn-bXmbn ImWmw. (\ym-bm-[n-]am 14:19, 15:15)
tbip-hns s]-In\pf-fn-tev t\mn-b-Xn\v 50,070 t]sc tbip sImpI--f-p. CXv Iv P\w hne-]n-p. (1 kmap-th 6:19)
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv bpw sNbvX Aam-te-Iy-cpsS ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbp-w Ipn-Is
- fbpw ape-Ip-Sn-p inip-s
- fbpw Ip-Im-en-I BSp-I H-I
- Igp-XI
- Fn-hs
- cbpw sImpI-fh
- m tbip-hns I]-\. Fm hnizmkn--I-fpsS cmPm-hmb iu tbip-hns\ ]qW-ambn A\p-k-cn-msX i{Xp-cm-Pmhn-s\bpw Abm-fpsS \ BSp-am-Sp-I-sfbpw sImn-. CXv CjvS-s-Sm tbip
iuens\ cmP-m-\-p-\npw Xf-fn--f-Xmbn iap-th {]hm-N-I\v hgn-bdn--bnv \In. tijw i{Xp-cm-Pm-hns\ tbip-hns apmsI iap-th {]hm-N-I Xp-wXp--ambn shn--f-p. (1 kmap-th 15)
Xs s]-Is
- -n-Sn Dsb sImp-If
-
p. B \mSn\v s]ckv D F
t]-cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p. (AYw D-bpsS t\sc B{I-aWw (1 kmap-th 15)
C{]-Imcw sNbvX ZmhoZv item-tam XpS-nb cmPm-am-cmb {]hm-N-I-am-cpw ]noSv tijw h bn{k-tbey t\Xm-fpw tbip-hn\p thn sImsmSp-nb i{Xp-f
- psS Fw n]vXa
- m-m Ign-bm-{X hn]p-ea
- m-Wv. apl-Zv \_-n (k) sNbvX bp--fn acn 800 Xmsg hcp i{Xp-sf Hmv apX-e-o s]mgn-p Xncp-h- m, tPmk kwLmwKv CXn-s\-p-dn-sms FmWv ]d-bm-\pXv? i{Xp-sf sImv Znh-k
- t- fmfw sIn-q-n-bpw
Nn-esc Isdnv sImpw Nnesc NppsImpw ihq\I sInbpbnbpw
AhcpsS kpw kv{XoIfpw sImapXembn ]nsSppw Nnesc ISen
X-nbnpw Nnesc BImip \nv Isdnpw kv{XoIsfbpw hramscbpw
Ip-nIsfbpw inipsfbpw arKsfbpw sImnpw ss__nfn \n-d
p-\n-p- {InkvXp{]h\ \n hmbnnnt? AtXm CsXms b-tlmh-bpsSta sInshv tbip{InkvXphns\ ampkmnbmm\mtWm \nfpsS
{iaw?
slkvt_m\nse cmPmhmb kotlms\bpw _mim cmPmhmb HmKns\bpw
cm-Pys apgph ]pcpjamscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw IpnIsfbpw sImsmSpn
A-hcpsS kpI sImhkvXpIfmbn ssIhisSpnbXn\v tijw
tamsi tbmiphtbmSv ]dXv {inq: ""\nfpsS ssZhamb btlmh B
cp cmPmamtcmSv sNbvXsXmw \o hyIvXambn Iphtm. \o ISp sNp- kIe cmPytfmSpw btlmh As\ Xs sNpw. \n Ahsc `b-sSpw \nfpsS ssZhamb btlmhbmWv \np thn bpw sNpXv.''

tijw tamsi ssZhtmSv C-{]-Imc-w {]mYnp: ""Imhmb btlmth,

AhnSps alnabpw `pP_ehpw ASn-bs\ ImWnp XpSnbtm. A-bp-sS {]hrnI t]msebpw A-bpsS ApX t]msebpw sN-phm- Ignbp ssZhw kzKnepw
`q-anbnepw thsd C''
Npcpn, Cu bpsfmw
\-Snb GI ssZhamsX asmcp
ssZ-hhpw kzKntem `qanbntem thsd-bnst tamsi {]hmNIs {]m-Y\ hyIvXampXv. A-s\-sb-n ss{IkvXhsc \n ]dbq, \n-fpsS tbip ssZhamb btlm-hbmsW-n Cu bphpw bpm\c \S-]SnIfpw Atlns ]qW D-c-hmZnnet ActdnbXv? CXv
Xn-cndnbm Ckvemw hnaiI {InkvX
- paXsbt bYmYn A-]I- S nempXv . bpnsbpw
sIm-apXensbpw hnjbw am{Xa
_m-nbp hnai\ hnjbfpw XpSv N sNtXpv.

ap-kv-enw-I-f-m-G-Xm-\p-w- t]-v- am-{X-wku-P-\-yw-- ku-P-\-yw-- ku-P-\-yw-B-Zyw- A-t]-n-p-- G-Xm-\pw- A-ap-ke

-v nw-I--v H-cp- h-jt- vP-ps- s_- C-y- C-ke
-v mlo- sk- kvt- \-lk
- w-hm-Zw- - am-kn-I- kuP-\y-am-bn- A-b
- psIm-Sp-p-p-.D-S- _-s- -Sp-I::-Jubail@nicheoftruth.org A-s-n-- SnehaSamvadam Monthly
P.B. No:1981, Vyttila, Kochi-682019, Tel: 0484 2301275
2012 Htm_

32

Iq-Sn-m-gv-NIzpB\ns imkv{XobXbvv sXfnhmbn 16mw B[ymbnse 67,68 h-N-\-fnse "Izpeo', "^kv epIzo' Fo {]tbmKsf DZmlcnmdpv. ta cv {]tbmKfpw kv{XoenwKamsWpw tX\otbmSv AXn ]d t_m-[\- kv{Xo tX\oIv am{Xw _m[IamsWpw AXv IzpB\ns ssZhn-IXbpsS \nZi\amsWpap XcnemWv hniZoIcWw. Fm AtX
A-[ymbnse 64mw hN\n ImenIfpsS ]mepambn _s hn-j-bn- "_pXzq-\nlm' F ]pnwK]ZamWv {]tbmKnncnpXv. BZys
hym-IcW am\Za\kcnv cmas hN\n ]m XcpXv Im-f-bmI-Ww.
m-\pw Am\pw IzpB\n imkv{X Xncbph Zbhp sNbvXv
I-pw ImXpap aphsc IqSn ]cnKWnWw.
\nbmkv
]men-s\-Ip-dnv Gsd-psd Htc-Xc-n-ep ]cm-aiw cp Izp-B
kq-
- f
- n ImWmw.16:66 epw 23:21 epw
B-Zy--Xns ]cn-`mj C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p: ""Imen-I-fpsS Imcyn Xo-

bm-bpw \nv Hcp ]mT-apv. Ahbp-sS DZ-c

- f
- n-ep-X
- n \nvImjvTn-\pw c-n\pw CS-bn \nvIpSnp--hv kpJ-Z-am-b, ip-amb ]m \nv IpSn-p-hm \mw \Ip2012 Htm_

33

p.'' 23:21 s ]cn-`mj: ""Xo-bmbpw

Im-en-I-fn \nv Hcp ]mT-ap-v.
Ah-bpsS DZ-c
- f
- n-ep-X
- n \nv \mw
\n-v IpSn-m Xcp-p. \n---v Ah-bn [mcmfw {]tbm-P-\--fp-

v-. Ah-bn \nv (amwkw) \n

`-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.''
Imen-I Ign-p Xo-bpsS Hcp
`m-Kw c-ambpw Hcp `mKw NmW-I-amb-pw asmcp `mKw XnIpw hyXy-kvXam-b ]mse ip ip{` ]m\o-ba
- mbpw
am-dp-p. CXv Fm-hpw a\-n-emm--hp Imcy-am-Wv. Fm im-kv{- Xh-pw kmt-XnI hnZybpw A`q-X-]qam-b hnImkw ssIh-cn B[p-\nI Ime-pt]mepw Imen-o-sb GsX-nepw ssPh cmk {]{In-bv hnt[-b-amn chpw NmW-Ihpw ]mep-ambn th-Xn-cn-m am\-hc
- m-inv Ign-n-n-.
F-m a\p-jy DssS Bbn-c
- W-n kkvX\ Pp--fpsS ico-cn-\p-n A\n-Xc
- hpw A\-\p-Ic
- W
- ob-hp-amb otcm]m-Z\ {]{Inb \Sp-p. Imen-I-fpsS ico-c-n-em-Is
A-hb
- psS Ipp-v Bh-iy-am-bXn-t\-m hfsc IqSp-X ]memWv
D-]m-Zn-n--s-Sp--Xv. CXv a\p-jy-v am{X-amWv {]tbm-P\
- s
- -Sp-X
- v. ]mepw otcm]--fpw am\h PohnX-s GsXm-s-hn-[-n ]cn-t]mjn--n-p-shv hni-Zo-I-cn-pI Ffp-am-bn-cn-n-. AXn-\n-hnsS apXn-cp-n-.
Imen-o-sb t]mjI k-hpw
iphpw lrZy-hp-amb ]memn amp
ssPh--cmk t^mape BcmWv BhnjvI-cnv A\yq-\-ambn \S-m-n-bXv?
AsXms {]Ir-Xn-bnse hnkvab
-
-
F \ne-bn-emWv `uXn-Ih
- m-Zn-I hnebn-cp-p--Xv. Fm imkv{X kaql-n\v km[n-m hnkvab
- I
- c
- a
- mb
hyh kwhn-[m-\n-m am{Xw Icpp {kjvSm-hmtWm Cu {]IrXn?
A]m- c - a mb Adnhpw Ign- h p- a p
{]IrXn Fsm-c-kvXnXzw Xs Cu
{]]-
- n-eptm? kmm {kjvSmhn\nv P\-{i Xncn-p-hn-Smthn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p Hcp adp-hmv
am{X-at Cu {]Ir-Xn-sb hn[m-Xmhv?
ChnsS ]cm- a in- - s cv
kq-f
- nepw Imen-I AYhm IpIm-en hKw FY-ap "ABw'
F- ]Z-amWv {]tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. Cu
]-Zw BhK-stbm s]hKs-tbm am{Xw Ipdn-p--X-. enwKt`-Z-n\v AXo-X-amb Hcp `mjm-]-Z-am-

Wv, ae-bm-f-nse \mImen F

]Zw-t]m-se. \mIm-en-sb-p-dnv ]cma-in tijw AXns\ kqNn-n-m
H-cp kh\maw {]tbm-Kn-p-I-bm-sWn- Ah Ftm Ah Ftm A enwK-t`-Z
- n\v AXo-Xa
- mb AXv F kh\m-a-am-Wtm {]tbm-Kn-m-dp--Xv. Fm Ad_n `mj-bn "A-hs-' F AY-nepw "AXns' F- AY-nepw "ln' F kh-\ma
cq-]w Xs-bmWv {]tbm-Kn-m-dp-X
- v.
A-Xp-t]mse "lm' F kh\m-ac
- q]w
"A-h-fpsS' F AY-nepw "A-Xns-' F AY-nepw {]tbm-Kn-p-hcp-p. "ABw' enwK-t`-Z-at\y ImenhK-n\v s]mXp-hmb t]cm-bX
- n-\m
B hKs kqNn-n-mthn "ln'
"l-m' Fo cv kh\ma cq]-
{]tbm-Kn-p-X
- n\pw km[y-Xb
- p-.v Imen-hK-ns DZ-c--fn\nv F
A-Y-n 16:66 "an_p-Xzq-\nln'
F-pw 23:21 "an _pXzq-\nlm' F-pw {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p. Ad_n hymIcW \nb-a--f-\p-k-cnv Cu cv {]tbm-Khpw sX-. Imen-In-Sb
- n ]m \Ip-Xv s]hK-am-b-Xn-\m
"_p-Xzq-\nlm' Fv am{X-at {]tbmKn-t-n-bn-cp-Xv FmWv tNmZy-I
- m-hns hnai-\w. \mIm-en-sb
A-Y-n-ep "ABw' F ]Z-n\v enwK-t`-Z-an-m--Xp-sIm-p-Xs
"_p-Xzq-\nlm'sbpw "_pXzq-\n-lo'-sbp-ap {]tbm-K
- icn-bm-Wv. ]m
\Ip-Xv Imf-b, ]ip Xs-bm-sW hnh-ca
- p Ad-_n-In-Sb
- n-te-mWv Izp-B Ah-Xc
- n-n-s
- -X
- v FXp-sIm-p-Xs Cu {]tbm-K--fn
F-s-nepw Akzm-`m-hn-IX
- tbm A_-tam D-Xmbn Ap -apX Cp-hs-c Pohn-n-cn-p-, Ad-_n-`mj kwkmcn-p--h-scmpw a\-n-em-n-bn-n-.
\m-I
- m-en-If
- psS hb-dn\n-mWv ]mep--m-Ip-Xv Fv ]d-bp-tm ]-iph-pw Fcp-abpw s]m-Sp-samw Xsbm-Wv. Imftbm t]mtm BWmtSm
A- ]m \Ip--sXv a\-n-emm- am{Xw hnh-ca
- p-h
- c
- m-bn-cpp Ad_n--I F-Xn-\m AXv thXn-cnv
]-d
p-sIm-Sp-t-X
- n-m-bn-cpp F-2012 Htm_

34

Yw.
tX\o-s
- b-p-dn ]cm-ai-nse
kv-{XoenwK {]tbm-K-ns nXn-bnX-. tX\o(A-l
-
v )v Amlp \-Ip t_m[-\s
- -p-dn-mWv A-Xnse ]cm-aiw. sam-n-ep tX\o
q-stbm IqSn-s\tbm Ipdn- Chn-sS ]cm-ain-n-cn-p--sXv kqdp--lv-ense 68,69 hN-\- hmbnm- Bpw a\-n-em-Ipw. Hmtcm tX\o-pw \Ip t_m[-\s
- -p-dnv ]d-bp-Ibpw {]kvXpX t_m[-\-n- "\o ]mn-S--fp-m-pI' (C-Jn-Zo) ^e-f
- n\nv "\o `n-pI'
(Iq-eo), "\o {]th-in-p-sIm-pI' (^kve
- p-
- o) F I]\m{Inb-If
- n kv{Xo-sb am{Xw Dt-in-p-Ibpw sNbvXXm-Wv Izp-B\
- nI ]cm-ai-f
- nse Ap-XI
- c
- a
- mb s]mcp-a
- mbn Nqn-mWn--s-Sm-dp--Xv. ]mn-S-ap-m-pIbpw tX tiJ-cn-p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn
hy-XykvX amK-f
- n-tev {]th-in-pI-bpw sNp-Xv s] tX\o-I
- am{X-am-sW imkv{Xob Ip-]n-Spw
Cu Izp-B kq--fpsS IrXy-Xb-pw ssZhn-IX
- bpw hy-am-p-X
- p-Xs-bm-Wv. Hmtcm tX\o-pw \--Ip- t_m[-\-s-p-dnv ]cm-ain-ptm- s] tX\o-I
- v am{X-amWv
]Wn-sb-Sp-p-X
- n\pw `WtiJ-cW
- n-\p-ap ssZhnI \ntZi-ap-m-Ip-sXv ]Xn-\mev \qm-p-Iv apv
Ir-Xy-ambn ]d-bp-hm Ah-bpsS {kjv-Sm-hn\v am{X-amWv Ign-bp-I.
]ip-hn\pw t]mn-\p-sampw ]S-h \Im hntij_pn \In
A-\p-{K-ln a\p-jy-cn Ipw ImXpw
D-]t- bm-Kn-p-h
- smw Cmcyw a\-n-em-Ipw. Ipw ImXp-samw Dsn-epw Ahsb t\amK-n-te-p
{]-bm-W-n\v Dt]m_-e-I-ambn D]tbm-Kn-m-h
- kzw bpn-sb-pdn- Al-m-c
- n-emWv AS-bn-cn-p-X-v F-Xn-\m Ahv CsXmpw a\-n-em-bn-sm-W
- s
- a-n-. \mImen-I-tf-m hgn-]n-g--h-cmWv A-cm-sc-m-Wtm Izp-B (7:179) ]dn-cn-p-X
- v.

BkvXn-I-Xbpw \mkvXn-I-Xbpw
Hcp Xmc-Xay hni-I-e\w
F.-hn. ^nZukv
a\p-jy-_p-npw Nnpw A{]m-]yhpw Ahy--hp-amb Hcp Imcy-sp-dnv Dv, C Fo cn-semcp Xop-I-fn-se-m Bh-iy-s-m
kzm`m-hnI Nnm-ti-jn-bp GsXm-cmfpw aSn-Im-Wn-p-Ib
- mWv sNpI.
_pnv A{]m-]y-am-b Imcy-s-p-dnv Xov I]n-p--Xn\nv ]nn-cnbp ioew a\p-jys\ hyXn-cn--am-p ssPhknn-I-fn Hm-Wv. sXfn-hpI-fp-sS-bpw kqN-\-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-m-\-n Dv/C Fo \nK-a-\--fn-sem Ign-bp-tm hyn\njvT-amb Xocp-am-\--fn-se-p-p. Fm
hyn\njvT-amb Nnm-ti-jnv Ap-d-p-\np Imcy-sf A-ambn
\ntj-[n-pI FXv _pn-]-chpw Nnm-]-c-hp-amb ]cn-an-Xn-sb-bmWv kqNn-np--Xv. Cmcyw Fm-hn-`mKw P\-n-S-bnepw s]mXp-hn AwKo-I-cn-s-n-p-X
- p-am-Wv.
ssZhm-kvXn-Iys \ntj-[n-p \mkvXnINn-bn bYmY-n kw`hn-p-Xv A-amb aphn-[n-sImv hyn-]-c-amb A-Xsb ad-p-sh-pI-sb--Xm-Wv. ssZhm-kvXnIyw Ab-YmY-amWv F aphn-[n-bn Dun-\n-psImv hnizm-k
- sf tNmZywsNp kao-]\
- a
- mWv s]mXp-hn
\mkvXnIhmZn-I kzoI-cn-p-h-cp--Xv. `uXnIimkv{X-n-sbpw tIhebpn2012 Htm_

35

bp-sSbpw Ahy---fmb Nne am\-Zsf kzw aphn-[n--\p-kcnv Ah hymJym-\nv D]-tbm-Kn-pIbpw sNbvXp-h-cp-p. Fm `uXnI-amb hkvXp-I
- m-cy-sf Is-p-Xn\v Ah-ew-_n-p am\-Z-fmWv `uXn-Im-Xo-Xa
- mb Xe-n-ep
hnj-b-n Ah Ah-ew-_n-p-Xv. At\z-jn--s-Sp Imcy-ns
kz`mhw thdnv a\-n-em-m-Xn-cn-p
I F ]cn-anXn Ah ImWp-n-.
ssZhm-kvXn-Iys \ntj-[n-p
coXn-sb-bmWv \mkvXn-Ih
- mZw AYhm
\nco-iz-c-hmZw Fv hnti-jn-n-p-Xv. hmZ-sav ]d-bp-tm Xsbpw
\nco-izchmZ-n\v aphn-[n-bpsS
KpW-f
- mWv D-Xv. kwib/
ktlhmZ-n\nv \nco-izchmZn-\p {][m\ hyXym-khpw AXmWv. ssZhm-kvXn-Iy-s-p-dn-p
kwi-bhpw kt-l-hp-amWv ktl/
kwibhmZ-ns s]mcp. AXn
\ntj-[-sa Xew Bhn`-hn-p-n. Fm \nco-izc-\m-kvXnIhmZw
\ntj-[s
- -bmWv ASn-d
- b
- m-p-Xv. ssZhm-t\z-j-W-ns t\v
Nn-bp-sSbpw _pn-bp-sSbpw
hmXn F-t-p-ambn sImn-bS- p [mjvSy-ns kao-]\
- a
- mWv
\nco-iz-ch
- m-Zw. km[m-cW
- K
- X
- n-bn
"hmZw' Fv hnti-jn-n-s
- -Sp
Nnm-KX
- n-bn At\z-jWkm[y-XIfpw FXnh-i-p-\n-p Bi-bsf ]cn-tim-[\mhnt[-ba
- m-p-hm\p Ah-k-c-fpw Dm-bn-cn-pw.
Acw kz`m-h--fp Nnm-K-Xn-Isf-bmWv "hmZw' tNv s]mXp-hn
hnti-jn-n-s
- -Sp-X
- v. \mkvXnI/
\nco-iz-c-hm-Z-n B km[y-Xbpw
kz`m-hhpw AwKo-I-cn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-Xn\v Imc-Ww, AXv A-amb
aphn-[n-bm-sW-X
- p-Xs
- -bm-Wv.
AXp-sImv \mkvXn-Ih
- mZw/\nco-iz-c-

hmZw F {]tbm-Kt- -m
\mkvXnIX/\nco-iz-cX F {]tbm-Kam-bn-cnpw IqSp-X tbmPn-p-I.
aqV-X, aX Fsms ]d-bp--Xpt]mse a\p-jys kl-P-amb KpWK-W
- f
- p-ambn tbmPn-m Hmbn
\mkvXnIX/\nco-iz-cX
- `mj-bnepw
Bib kwhm-Z--fnepw hn\n-a-b-fnepw thXn-cnv hn\n-tbm-Kn--s-tS-Xp-v. Bi-b-c-ln-Xhpw Nnm-iq\y-Xsb ASn-d
- b
- m-p-Xpw
_un-I-amb a\pjy hyXn-cn--XIsf Xnckv-I-cn-p--Xp-amb hc
Hcp aphn-[n-sb \ne-bn-emWv
\mkvXn-IX/\nco-iz-cX hnh-n--stS-n-h-cp-Xv F hne-bn-cp--en\v
ImcWw AXns \no-hX
- b
- m-Wv.
a\p-jys klP{]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn
CW-n-\np-Ibpw ico-c
- nepw
PohnXioe-f
- nepw AS-n-bn-cnp khn-ti-j-amb Nne kXyv A\p-tbm-Py-hp-amb \ne-]mSmWv BkvXnIt_m[w F-Xv.
AtX-k-abw a\p-jys hyXn-cn
KpW-s
- fmw \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw
Ah-bpsS Xm]-cy-sf Ah-K-Wnp-Ibpw sNp-X
- mWv \mkvXn-IX
- .
Bk-b
- p-sS-Xs \ntj-[saXe-n Fpp \nco-iz-c-X.
ssPhn-Ia
- mb Dhn-fn-Ifpw Akm-[m-cW-fpw Pp-{]-Ir-Xn-bn \nv
thdn-- kz`mhKpW--fp-ap PohnhKw F \ne-bn-ep a\p-jys
m\s {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp
ImgvN
- mSv BkvXnI-Xb
- p-tSXv am{X-amWv. XnIpw kzm`m-hn-Ihpw kl-P-hpamb \ne-bn BkvXnIt_m[w
hn-p-X
- p-sIm-mWv BkvXnI
aX-s
- fms ssZhm-kvXn-Iy-s-pdn-p DW-ep-I-fn Dup--Xv.
a\p-jys k-bp-sSbpw hyn-Xzn-sbpw Ap-dv a\p-jym-Xo-Xamb Xe-f
- n\np bmYmYy-

ambn ssZhm-kvXn-Iys AwKo-Ic

- np ssZzX Nn-bmWv BkvXn-It_m-[s {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp--Xv.
AXp-sIm-mWv Nne Nn-I-m
AssZzXNnsb \mkvXnIZi-\ns ]n-I-bn Ds-Sp-n-bn-cnp--Xv. a\p-jys\ \nb-{n-p-Ibpw
{]]--sbpw {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw kwhn[m-\n-p-Ibpw sNp Hc-XoX
bmYmYy-ambn Cuizcob k]sf thXn-cn-psm-pI F
hy-X-bpsS Xe-n\v hncp--amb
Nne Xe- AssZz-X-n-ep-v.
Rm\pw ssZhhpw HmWv F Hcp
anYysb ]pIp-n-Sv ssZh-hn-izmk-ns \nam-Wm--I- KpW-
a\p-jy\v \ntj-[n--s-Sp--tXmsSmw \mkvXnIt_m[-ns ^ew
am{Xta AssZzXNn \Ip-p-qshpw AssZz-X-ns ]cn-an-Xn-bmWv. \mkvXn-I-Xpw BkvXn-I-Xpan-S-bn-ep Hcp CS-m-X-sbv
AssZz-Xs hnti-jn-n-t-n-hc
- pXpw AXp-sIm-m-Wv.
Zmi-\n-Ihpw Nnm-]-c-hp-amb
]cn-t{]-y-n-eqsS t\mp-tm,
thZ-f
- p-sStbm aX-{]-am-W
- f
- p-

Rm\pw ssZhhpw HmWv F Hcp anYysb ]pIp-n-Sv ssZh-hn-izm-k-ns

\nam-Wm--I- KpW- a\p-jy\v \ntj-[n--s-Sp--tXm-sSmw \mkvXnIt_m[-ns
^ew am{Xta AssZzXNn \Ip-p-q-shpw AssZz-X-ns ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv.
\mkvXn-I-Xpw BkvXn-I-Xp-an-S-bn-ep Hcp CS-m-X-sbv AssZz-Xs
hnti-jn-n-t-n-h-cp-Xpw AXp-sIm-m-Wv.
2012 Htm_

36

krjvSn-p-Ibpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Hc-XoX in-sb-p-dnv

a\pjyico-chpw B ico-c-n-\-Is At\-I-ew kqvatijn-bpsS AXoh kqva-fmb t{kmX-p-Ifpw ]pep kl-P-am-sbmcp IS-m-Sns\ a\p-jys _pn-bpsS D]--fmb Xz-im-kv{X-sImpw Bi-b-sImpw Af-s-Sp-p-hm km[y-a-.
sStbm sXfn-hp-Ifpw am\-Z
fpw
Ah-ew-_n-m-sX-Xs \mkvXn-IX
- bpsS ]cn-an-Xn-I sXfn-p-h-cp-Xv
ImWmw. ssZhm-kvXn-Iy-s-p-dnp t_m[--hn-izm-k-sf a\pjys Nnm-]-chpw _un-I-hp-amb
Ahmhnti-j
- f
- p-ambn _-sSpn Nnn-p-tm-gmWv \nco-iz-cX
F{X-am{Xw _men-ia
- m-sW-p Xncn-dn-hp-m-Ip--Xv. a\p-jy-\n kwhn[m-\n--s-n-p At\Iw kqva
tijn-If
- psS knX{]h\w
hgn a\p-jy-\n BkvXn-I-t_m[w
DWp-h-cp-p-v. ssZh-s-p-dnv
]d-bs
- -Sp-Itbm tI-s-Sp-Itbm
sNm Hcp kml-N-cy-ns XS-hd-bn hf-s-Sp a\p-jyn-Sbnt]mepw BkvXnIt_m[w Dd-shSpv hf-cp-p-shv At\Iw ]T\
Kth-jW
-
- f
- n-eqsS sXfn-bn-s
- -n-pv. Fm Ipw ImXpw
kv]imh-b-h-fpw Xpd \ne-bn
hf-s-Sp/Pohn-p GsXmcp
a\pjyPohn-bp-sSbpw _pn-bntepw Nn-bn-tepw ssZhw
Fsmcp- alm-i
- nsbpdn-p
Nntbm t_m[tam Dhn-fntbm
IS-p-sN-msX a\p-jys\ hfphmt\m Ah\v hf-cp-hmt\m km[y-a. ]Xn-s\v hb-p-hsc Pohn-p
Hcp a\pjy Pohn-bpsS {lkz-Ime
Pohn-X
- n-\n-Sb
- nt]mepw At\-Imbncw {]mhiyw ssZh-s-p-dnv
tIpItbm Adn-bp-Itbm Nnnp-Itbm thn-h-cp-p. CXn-\Yw
BkvXn-IX FXv a\pjyPohn-X-hpambn Hcp \nepw thXn-cn-m-\mhm kzm`m-hnI at\m-`m-h-amsWpw ssZh-s-p-dnv Nnnmt\m tImt\m Adn-bp-hmt\m
Ah-kcw e`y-am-Im hn[-n-ep
Hcp a\pjyPohnXw km[y-ta-b-s-pamWv. a\pjyPohn-X-ns kzm`mhnI \ne-]m-Smbn BkvXn-IX AwKoI-cn-s
- -Sp-p-n-hn-sS.

\mkvXn-IX
- b
- n kzm`m-hn-IX
- s
- Xn-cmb Hcp _e-{]-tbm-K-n-sbpw
kZ-n-sbpw kz`m-h-ap-v. AXpsIm-mWv \nco-iz-ch
- mZ Nnm-KXn
D-S
- n-bn-p {]Xybimkv{X-
ssZh-\n-tj-[s Ah-bpsS ASnm-\-ambn Dbn-m-p--Xv. adp-hiv aX- ssZhhnizm-ks
ASn-m\Xz-ambn Dbn-m-p-Xm-Is ssZhhnizmkw kl-Phpw
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Dcp-n-cn-p-h-cpXpw Dsm-m Ign-bp-X
- p-amb
BkvXnIt_m[s \ntj-[n-phm\pw \ncm-I-cn-p-hm-\p-amWv Ir{Xn-aamb {]Xy-bi
- mkv{X D]m-[nI-fpsS
Bhiyw hcp--Xv. temIv
BkvXnIt_m[-ap--h IqSp-Xepw
\mkvXn-I ]cn-an-X-hp-am-bXpw AXpsIm-m-Wv. a\pjy_pnbpw a\p-jy\nse B-k-bpw kzm`m-hn-Iambn \ncm-I-cn-p Nnm-K-Xn-sb
\ne-bn \mkvXn-IX a\p-jy-\p-ambn
]pep AI-e-amWv {]Xy-b-imkv{X-]c
- a
- mb imTy-f
- n-eqsS \nI-nsb-Sp-p-hm Iayq-Wn-kw-t]m-sebp \nco-iz-c-hmZ {]m-\-v
{ian-t-n-h
- X
- v.
aX-f
- m-hs BkvXnIt_m[s
{Inbm--I-ambn hnI-kn-n-p-hm\mWv {ian-p-Xpw, bXv\n-p--

2012 Htm_

37

Xpw. hnizm-k-n Dun-\n-psImv Ia-\n-c-X-amb Hcp

PohnXamKw Ah-ew-_nv apt-dphm-\p Blzm\w BkvXnIaX \Ip-p. adp-h-iv \nco-izc-\m-kvXn-Ia
- m-hs bmsXmcp {]tNm-Z\hpw t{]c-Wbpw a\p-jy-\n sNepp-p-an-. Bcw-`n-p-n-Sv Xs
Ah-km-\n-p at\m-`m-h-amWv \ncoiz-c-X. AXv aptmv t]mIp-n
F-XmWv AXns Bi-b]
- c
- a
- mb
\no-hX
- sb \nW-bn-p-X
- v.
a\p-jyNn-I-sfbpw {]hr-n-Isfbpw kzm[o-\n-p-sImv Pohn-Xmt\z-j-W-v Icpv ]I-cp-Xn \mkvXnI/\nco-izcX ^e-{]-Zambnocp-n F-Xp-sIm-mWv
ssZhhnizm-kn-I \mkvXn-IX
- sb
auVy-ambn ImWp-Ibpw Icp-Xp-Ibpw
sNp-X
- v.
a\p-jy-\n sNep-p
kzm[o\w, _un-Ihpw Nnm-]-c-hpamb hi-, t\-fpw tIm-fpw
Fn-s\ hnhn[ LS-I-sf ASnm-\a
- mn \mkvXn-IX
- s
- bbpw
BkvXn-IX
- s
- bbpw Xmc-Xayw sNptm Xmsg ]d-bp hyXym-k-
Ah-KW
- nm IgnbmXmWv.
1. BkvXn-I-t_m[w Pohn-X-n\v
khn-ti-j-amb AYw \Ip-p.

\mkvXn-IX AXv \Ip-n-sv

am{X-a-, \ntj-[n-pIbpw sNp-p.
2. a\p-jys kl-P--fmb
Dt{]-cW
- I
- kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbn
AwKo-I-cn-pIbpw Bh-iy-s-SpIbpw sNp at\m-\n-e-bmWv
BkvXn-It- _m-[w-A
-
- cw klP
Dt{]-cW
- I
- sf \ntj-[n-pIbpw
ASn--ap-Ibpw sNpp \mkvXnI-X.
3. {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambpw PohnXw \ne\np Ah--I-fp-ambpw khnti-jhpw aqeym-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb _n-tev BkvXn-IX \bn-p-p.
Acw _-t- fmSv \ntj-[m-I
- ambn {]Xn-I-cn-p-hm \mkvXn-I-XbpsS ImTn\yw hgn-sbm-cp-p-p.
4. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS khn-ti-j-XIsf AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw Ahsb
\nam-Wm-I
- a
- mb Xe-f
- n
hym]nnpIbpw sNp--Xn\v
BkvXnIt_m[w t{]c-Wb
- m-bn-o-cpp. a\pjykhn-ti-j-X-Isf \ncm-I-

cn-p arKo-b-amb kzXz-t_m-[s

{]Xyp]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw
a\pjytijn-Isf Zphybw sNpIbpw \mkvXn-IX
- b
- psS Xn-If
- m-Wv.
5. a\p-jy-\nse hnth-N\ioe-sfbpw hnthItijn-sbbpw Ne-\m-Ihpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-am-p--Xn
BkvXn-It- _m-[a
- mWv \nWm-bI
]v hln-p--Xv. Fm a\pjys hI-Xn-cn-hp-Isf \njv^-e-amp-Ibpw \n-e-am-p-I-bp-amWv
\mkvXn-IX sNp-X
- v.
Cu hyXy-kvX-sf hni-Ie\w
sNbvXm Fp-sIm-mWv \mkvXnIX a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS BZi-am-Im
]mI-s-X
- s
- v ]d-bp-Xv Fv
hy-am-Ipw.
BkvXn-It- _m[w Pohn-X
- n\v
\Ip khn-ti-j-amb AYs
{]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp-X
- m-Wv, {kjvSmhns\ Hma-s-Sp-n-smv PohnXs \nb-{Whnt[-ba
- m-m-\p
hnip Izp-B-\ns Blzm-\-.

a\p-jy shdpsX Bhn`q-X-am-bnp Hcp Pohn-hK-a-spw Pohn-Xn\v kv]jvS--fmb Nne Dti

ey--fpv Fv Xncn--dnv
Bbpv hn\n-tbm-Kn-t--Xpspw ]Tn-n-p aX-]m-T-
BkvXn-IX
- b
- psS AY-amWv Nqnm-Wn-p--Xv. a\p-jya\-n
hrYm- cq-]-s-Sp-p Hcp k]a ssZhm-kvXn-Iy-s-p-dn-p
t_m[-sa-pw, AXv Pohn-Xs
aptmv \bn-t-p Hcp BZi]m-m-hmbn hn-t-X
- pspw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- mWv
hnip Izp-B sNbvXn-p--Xv.
asmcp hiv Pohn-X-ns hyYX-sb hen-sbmcp iq\y-Xsb \nIp-I-bp-amWv BkvXn-IX sNp-Xv. a\p-jy\pw {kjvSmhpw Xn-ep
Hcp _-sbpw B _-s-pdn-p Xncn--dn-hn-s\bpw Ahew_np-n-m-sb-n Pohn-X-n\v apIfn hp-ho-gp Hcp henb iq\y-Xbp-v. \mkvXn-I-Xsb PohnX\ncm-I-cW-tmfw A]-IS- I
- c
- a
- m-p-Xv Cu
iq\y-Xb
- m-Wv. Cuizc/ssZh hnizm-kn-eqsS a\p-jy-cmin AXns\
Nqgvv \np iq\y-Xs
- bbpw
hyY-Xs
- bbpw \nI-p-Ib
- mWv
sNp--Xv. Ah-ew-_n-p-hm\pw
BXy-n-Ia
- mbn B{i-bn-p-hm\pw
F-Xp-t]mse BZyw-ap-Xte a\pjy\v Xs AkvXn-Xz-t_m-[s
Ac-n-p-d-nv \np-hm\pw klmbn-p bmYmYy-amWv ssZhhnizmkw. Cu bmYmYy-ns \ntj-[sa \ne-bn \mkvXn-IX sNpXv Pohn-X
- ns AY-s-Xs
\ntj-[n-p-Ib
- m-Wv. Pohn-Xs
Nqgvp-\np AY-iq-\y-Xb
- mWv
\mkvXnI PohnXw \bn-p--hsc
{Iaw-sX-nb ioe--fp-sSbpw s]cp-am--fp-sSbpw hm--fmbn amp-

a\p-jy-\n kwhn-[m-\n--s-n-p At\Iw kqva tijn-I-fpsS knX{]h\w

hgn a\p-jy-\n BkvXn-I-t_m[w DWp-h-cp-p-v. ssZh-s-p-dnv ]d-b-s-Sp-Itbm
tI-s-Sp-Itbm sNm Hcp kml-N-cy-ns XS-h-d-bn hf-s-Sp
a\p-jyn-S-bnt]mepw BkvXnIt_m[w Dd-sh-Spv hf-cp-p-shv
At\Iw ]T\ Kth-j-W--fn-eqsS sXfn-bn--s-n-p-v.
2012 Htm_

38

Hn-t\mSpw D-c-hm-Zn--an-m-, IS-m-Sn-m-, {]Xn-_X-bn-m Hcp-Xcw "Dh-en-b'

at\m-`m-h-amWv \mkvXn-I-X-bpsS _un-I-amb Xn-I-fn {][m-\-s Hv. PohnXw
bYmY-n \nh-ln--s-tS-Xpw \nh-lWw Imp-In-S-p--Xp-amb Hcp
ZuXy-am-Wv. B ZuXys icn-bmw-hn[w Xncn--dnv apt-dp--Xn\v ]I-cw,
hen-s-dnv Xncnv \S-p-hm-\mWv \mkvXn-IX t{]cn-n-p--Xv.
Xpw Ahsc kaq-l-nse t\m-pn-If
- m-p-X
- pw.
hnizmkw a\p-jys kl-P-amb
KpW-amWv F bmYmYy-s-bmWv
Nn-If
- p-sSbpw akvXnjvI{]h-\-fp-sSbpw hyXn-cn--X-I a\p-jy\n {]Xn-\n-[m-\w sNpXv. [njWm-]-chpw _pn-]-c-hp-amb a\pjys Ign-hp-Is
- fbpw tijn-Is
- f-bpsams kzX-{-ambn hnm sNsp-Xv BkvXn-IX
- b
- n-em-Wv- \
- m-kvXnI-X-bn-e-. a\p-jy-\n P-kn--ambn-n-S
- p, Dsm-m\pw
]Im-\p-ap Ign-hp-I bYmYn ap-Nne \nKqVtijn-I-fpsS
kqN-\-I am{X-am-Wv. a\pjyksb-p-dn-p At\z-j-W-n CXph-sc ]qW-ambpw Is-m Nne
Xe- a\p-jy-\n-ep-v. krjvSn-pIbpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw \IpIbpw sNbvX Hc-XoX in-sb-pdnv a\pjyico-chpw B ico-c-n-\Is At\-Ie
- w kqvatijnbpsS AXoh kqva
- f
- mb t{kmXp-Ifpw ]pep kl-P-am-sbmcp
IS-m-Sns\ a\p-jys _pn-bpsS
D]-
- f
- mb Xz-im-k{v XsImpw Bi-b
- sImpw
Af-s-Sp-p-hm km[y-a-. "a\p-jyk--bpsS ssZhm-`n-apJyw' F
\ne-bn `mc-Xob Zmi-\n-I-cn
Nne--A-c-hn aljn-sb-t]mse
Nne kqva Nn-I--hym-Jym-\n-pXv Cu khn-tijXe-s-bm-Wv.
{io Ac-hn aljn-bpsS "Znhy-a-\pjy-kn-mw' Dup-Xv a\p-jy-\nep-Xpw Fm a\p-jy Xncn--dnbm-Xn-cn-p-X
- p-amb BkvXn-Im-`n-apJyamb t{]c-W-I-fn-em-Wv. a\p-jy
t_m[-]qJyw \mkvXn-I\
- mbn
hn-p-tm cp-Xcw
kZ-fmWv Ah-\n cq]-s-Sp-Xv. Hv--A-h-\nse AXn-kqva

bmYmYy-amb ssZthmp-JX
- b
- psS
\ntj-[
- n \np-m-Ip-X
- v.
cv- A
- h
- t_m[-]qhw krjvSn-sSp-p [nm-c-]-c-amb at\m-Xe
cq]o-Ic
- W
-
- n\n-p-m-Ip-X
- v.
a\-ns\ kp-Nn-X-am-p--ht
\mkvXn-IX Bizm-ka
- m-hpI-bp-q.
a\p-jy a\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-pI
F-Xns\ hnizm-khpw Ahn-izmkhpw cv hn`n coXn-I-fn-emWv
\nh-Nn-p--Xv. hnizmkw a\pjys\ {]Ir-Xn, kl-Po-hn-I,
{]m]-nI hkvXp-, {]Xn-`m-k Fn-hb
- p-ambn Iqn-bn-W
- nsmv khn-ti-ja
- m-sbmcp kao-Ic
- W-n-sbpw ]mc-kv]c
- y-n-sbpw
shfn--n-emWv \nh-Nn-p--Xv.
Fm Ahn-izmkw AYhm
\mkvXn-IX Ccw ]mc--cyn\npw a\p-jys\ XS-bp-IbmWv sNp-X
- v. {kjvSm-hns

2012 Htm_

39

krjvSn-I F \ne-bn Xm\pambn _-s as-m-n-s\bpw

ImWp hnizmkn hnizm-ks
tIhew am\-kn-I-am-sbmcp Ah-sb Xe-n-\-p-d-tv sImpt]mbn {]IrXn Bh-iy-s-Sp
_-n-tev \bn-p-Ib
- mWv
sNp--Xv. AYhm a\p-jypw
CXc {]m]-nI hkvXp/{]Xn-`m-kp-an-S-bnse _s IrXyambn \nW-bn-p-Ib
- mWv hnizmkw
sNp-X
- v. Fm kp-Nn-Xa
- mb
Hcph-en-be
- ns t{]c-Wb
- mWv
\mkvXn-IX \Ip--Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bpambpw {]m]-nI LS-I
- f
- p-ambpw
Bo-b-am-\-ap _-n
Gs-Sm-\p ASn-m\ {]tNmZ\w hnizmkw AYhm
BkvXnIt_m[w Bbn-cn--th, B
t_m[-ns A`m-h-n A-csamcp _w Dcp-n-cn-bp-n-.

BkvXn-It_m[w ]Iv \Ip ss[j-Wn-Ihpw {]m-]-c-hp-amb DuPhpw Icp-pamWv \mkvXnI Pohn-X--fn \nv KpW-K-W--fn hyXym-k-s-smcp Pohn-X-amn
hnizmknPohn-Xs ]cn-hn-n-p--Xv. hnizmkmhn-izm-k- `n-X-s-Sp-Xv
tIhew hmp-IsIm--, henb henb AY- sImp-X-s-bm-Wv.
a\p-jys\ kw_-n-n-St- mfw
Ahs km[y-XI
- {]]-t- mfw
hnim-e-amWv Fsmcp kzmX-{yt_m[w ]Iv \Ip-Xv \mkvXnI-X-b-, BkvXn-I-t_m-[-am-Wv. Xs
Npnbpw hfpw \np {]m]nI {]Xn-`m-k--fn \nsms
a\p-jys\ A\y-h-cnv \npXv \nco-iz-c-Xz-am-Wv. Pohn-Xs
^e-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-n-m Bh-iyamb bmYmYy-t_m-[s {]Xn-tcm[n-p aqV-Xb
- mbn
\mkvXnIt_m[w A[x]Xn-p-Xv
{]]--sbpw AXn-ep hkvXp-sfbpw a\p-jy-\n\nv A\y-am-p-Xn-eq-sS-bm-W.v
XpS-hpw HSp-hpw \ntj-[n-s-Sp Ab-YmY-amb
PohnXk]w cq]-s-Sp-n-sb-Spp-hm \mkvXn-IX AXns hmsf t{]cn-n-p-p. \ne-\n]ns\
AY-]qW-am-p-X
- n kp{]-[m\
]p-h-ln-p--h-bmWv a\p-jys

Bhn`m-h-sbpw `mhn-sbbpw Ipdnp Adn-hp-I. Cu Adn-hp-Isf

Nn-bn\nv XS-bpp \mkvXn-I-X.
`qap-Jv Pohn-p At\-Im-bncw
Pohn-hK--fn\nv a\p-jy `nX-s-Sp -X-e-amWv Bhn`m-hsbpw `mhn-sbbpw Ipdn-p Adnhp-I-fm a\p-jy \bn--s-Sp-psh--Xv. Cu Adn-hp-I-fpsS hgn-I
Xpd-p-Xv BkvXn-I-X-bpsS ASnm-\-X-e-n \np-am-Wv. ssZh-\ntj-[nsb kw_-nv Bhn`m-hnepw XpSpw Pohn-X-t-m
{][m-\-amb Hpw Is-m Ignbp-I-bn-. B \nev Pohn-X-ns
{]Xy-
- n \nKq-V
- f
- mb cv
khn-tij L--sf-p-dnv a\pjy\v t_m[w \Ip-Xpw BkvXnIX Xs-bm-Wv. Pohn-Xs Bgn ]cn-tim-[n-p-tm a\p-jycmin t\Sp Adn-hp-I-fn Ghpw
{][m-\-s-Xv Ahs Bhn`m-h--`mhn-I-fpsS Ahm kz`m-h--sf-pdn-p `uXn-Im-Xo-X--fmb Adn-hp-

2012 Htm_

40

I-fm-Wv. ImcWw CXc Adn-hp-Ifpw

Ah-t_m-[
- fpw \nn-]vX
- f
- mb
Nne hr--fn Ah-km-\n-ptm ta]-d Xncn--dn-hp-I
a\p-jys [nj-Wm-]-c-amb Ign-hp-IfpsS Nme-I-ti-jn-bmbn hn-pp. a\p-jy tIhew arKw am{XamWv F AXy-[nIw {]Xn-tem-a-Iam-b Nnsb {]Xyp]m-Zn-n-p
\mkvXnINn, a\p-jy-\nse {]Xyhpw A{]-Xy--hpamb Ign-hp-Isf
\ncm-I-cn-p-hm-\p t{]c-W-IqSn cq]s-Sp-p-p. temINcn-{X-nse Ghpw Ip{]-kn--cmb "aSn-bam' FXp-t]mse "aT-bamcpw' \mkvXnI
{]`p-f
- m-bn-cp-p-sh-Xv \ntj-[n-m\m-hm bmYmYy-am-Wv.
krjvSn-bpw kwc-n-bpw ]cn]m-en-bpw sNp Hcp alm-i-nsb-p-dn-p t_m[-s-bmWv
BkvXnIt_m[-sav hnti-jn-n-p-sX-n, Xo-bmbpw a\p-jys\
I-a-\n-c-X-\m-p-Xpw CtX t_m[wX-s-bm-Wv. Hn-t\mSpw D-ch
- m-Zn-an-m-, IS-m-Sn-m-, {]Xn_X-bn-m Hcp-Xcw "Dh-en-b'
at\m-`m-ha
- mWv \mkvXn-IX
- b
- psS
_un-I-amb Xn-I-fn {][m-\-s
Hv. PohnXw bYmY-n \nh-ln-s-tS-Xpw \nh-lWw Imp-InS-p--Xp-amb Hcp ZuXy-am-Wv. B
ZuXys icn-bmw-hn[w Xncn-d
- nv
apt-dp--Xn\v ]I-cw, hen-s-dnv
Xncnv \S-p-hm-\mWv \mkvXn-IX
t{]cn-n-p-X
- v. "Fhn-sStbm
Fs AsXmpw hnj-b-a-' F
an k-cn-p Hcm-tfm-SmWv
\mkvXn-Is\ Xpe-\-s-Sp-m
km[n-p-I. Ah\v apn hgn-I-fpv. Fm sXc-s-Sp-t hgnsb-p-dn-p t_m[-an-. sXc-sSp-p-hm-\p ]mI-X-bn-m hynIv apn-tev sXc-s-Sp--stS Imcy--fpsS ]nI kan-pXv hyY-am-Wv. ]mI-Xbpw

]n-Ibpw Hnv tNcp-tm-gmWv sXcs-Spv \S-p-X

- v. ]mI-Xb
- m-Wv
ChnsS {][m-\w. Fm \mkvXnIs\ kw_-nv Pohn-X-n
Ghpw Kuc-h-ta-dnb Hcp sXc-sSp-n-\p ]mI-Xb
- n-m-h
- \
- mWv
Ah-s\v ]d-bmw. temI-nse
Fm BkvXnI Nnm]-Xn-Ifpw
bYmY-n {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNpXv a\p-jy-\nse sXc-s-Sp-m\p tijn-bpsS ]co--Wm--Iamb hn\ym-k
- s
- f-bm-Wv. BkvXnIt_m[w ]Iv \Ip ss[jWn-Ihpw {]m-]-c-hp-amb
DuPhpw Icp-p-amWv \mkvXnI
Pohn-X
- f
- n \nv KpW-KW
-
- f
- n
hyXym-ks
- -smcp Pohn-Xa
- mn
hnizmknPohn-Xs ]cn-hn-np--Xv. hnizmkmhn-izm-k- `nX-s-Sp-Xv tIhew hmp-IsIm-, henb henb AY-
sImp-Xs
- -bm-W.v
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am\-knI{]{Inb Pohn-X-ns \ne\n]n\v Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]c-kv]cw
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- ns Cu
`uXn-I-amb hnizmk_s
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hnizmk _--tf-m ihpw
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`uXnI \ne-\n]ns D]m-[n-Ifmb hnizmk _--sf-t]mepw
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kXy-n Cuizchnizm-ka
- m-Wv.
Cu bmYmYys \ntj-[n-p-IbmWv \mkvXnI Zi\w sNp--Xv.
"a\p-jy\v hniz-kn-p-hm a\p-jy-\nep-]-cn-bmbn asm-p-ans'
\mkvXnI \nco-Ww a\p-jys\
Ahs ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn am{X-ambn Xfn-SpIbpw B ]cn-an-Xn-I-p-dtv IS-m-\p a\pjyPohn-Xns Aeu-In-I-amb km[y-X-Isf
Xnc-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. a\pjyhnizm-k-ns Ghpw IqSnb
tXmXv a\p-jy-\nXs Ah-km-\np-X
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{]Xy-
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tXmp-sa-nepw AXv anYym-t_m[w
am{X-am-W.v
hnizmkw ASn-a-hpw A-X-bpam-sW hmZ-KXn Dbp-h
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a\p-jy-cmin hnt[-bs
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Al-Xm-\l-XI
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Bhn`-hn-p-n-. a\p-jys
kzXzhpw ssPh-L-S-\bpw B-cnI
bmYmYy-fpw Bh-iy-s-Sp hn[n-ep hnt[-b-s-S-ep-Isf ASnaw Fv hnfn-m-\p-am-hn-. kzXkn-
- f
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ASn-m\{]iv\w. AXv km[y-am-hpI-bm-sW-n Ah Cuizc hnizmks hne-Ip-dv ImWp-I-bn-.
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- n-eqsS a\p-jyk Bh-iy-s-Sp hnizmk \ne]m-Sp-Is-Xnsc [mjvSy-n-sbpw
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a\p-jy\pw {kjvSmhpw Xn-ep Hcp _-sbpw B _-s-p-dn-p Xncn--dn-hn-s\

bpw Ahew_n-p-n-m-sb-n Pohn-X-n\v apI-fn hp-ho-gp Hcp henb iq\y-X-bpv. \mkvXn-I-Xsb PohnX\ncm-I-c-W-tmfw A]-I-S-I-c-am-p-Xv Cu iq\y-X-bm-Wv.
2012 Htm_

41

Ah-ew-_n-p-hm\pw BXy-n-I-ambn B{i-bn-p-hm\pw F-Xp-t]mse BZyw-ap-Xte

a\p-jy\v Xs AkvXn-Xz-t_m-[s Ac-n-p-d-nv \np-hm\pw klm-bn-p
bmYmYy-amWv ssZhhnizm-kw. Cu bmYmYy-ns \ntj-[-sa \ne-bn
\mkvXn-IX sNp-Xv Pohn-X-ns AY-s-Xs \ntj-[n-p-I-bm-Wv.
t]n-p-n-S
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- ns {]iv\- Bcw-`n-p--Xv.
Cm-]qh--amb sXc-s-Sp-p-Iv
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am\-kn-Im-h
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- n \nmWv
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{]h-WX
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bmYmYys \mkvXn-I inbmbn \ntj-[n-p-Xv ImWmw.
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km[n-p-sa-mWv \mkvXn-Ic
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t\sc adn-m-Wv. Pohn-Xs kucym--I-sav kzbw hn[n-p Hcp
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k-cnpw kzPo-hn-Xs AXns
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IcpXn aptmv t]mIphn-Sb
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aqey-t_m-[-n\v henb ]cn-K-W\
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kpJ-tem-ep-]X
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2012 Htm_

42

n\n-p-am-sW bmYmYyw Xncn-dn-bs

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Izp-B kzoI-cn-n-cn-p--Xv.
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BkvXnIhmZ-ns km[q-Ic
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Hcp {kjvSmhv Dv Fv t_m[y-sSp-p AS-bm-f
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AXpsImmWv BkvXn-IX {]Ir-Xnb-\p-kr-X-amb \ne-]mSpw \mkvXn-IX
{]Ir-Xnsb Xnc-kvI-cn-p \ne-]m-Spam-bn-o-cp-X
- v. \nco-iz-ch
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a\p-jy-hn-cp-a
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Fv hnti-jn-n--p-Xpw AXp-sImp-X-s-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xnv hncp-amb GsXm-cp Nnm-K-Xnbpw BXyn-I-ambn a\pjyhncp-hpw a\pjys ssPh khn-ti-j-X-Isf \ncmI-cn-p GsXmcp Nnm-K-Xnbpw
BXy-n-I-ambn {]Ir-Xnv hncp--hpam-bn-cn-pw. \mkvXn-IX Hcp {]IrXn
hncp-a
- mb Nnm-KX
- n-bmWv
FYw.
hnizm-khpw BkvXnINnbpw
a\p-jy\v \Ip inbpw {]tNmZ-\hpw k-Xn-p-hm ssZh-c-ln-Xamb Pohn-X-t_m-[-n anYy-ambn
A`n-am-\n-p \mkvXn-Iv km[np-I-bn F-XmWv {]iv\w. a\pjys\ Ime-l-c-W-s Hcp PohnhK-am-p-Ib
- mWv \mkvXn-IX
bYmY-n sNp--Xv. km-]-camb kPo-hX \ne-\nn-sm-p-am{Xsa a\p-jy\v Ahs hwi-]-c-amb
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Nn{Xw Nne cmPy--fn bq Syq-_n \nv \ow sNbvsXnepw hym]Iambn
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m-hI
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hnhmZkn\nam ]c-ky-w apX AXns {]Xn-tj[n hsc [mcmfw Zpcq-lX-I ImWm Ign-bpw. kn\na \nan-m-\p A\p-aXn t\Sp-Xv HmKv
2011\mWv ]s C-kkv Hm^v apkvenwkv F \ma-n-e adnv, sUtkv
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t^m ss{Ins {]kn-U v tPmk^v \msk-d A_vZp akolpw tNmWv
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2012 Htm_

43

\In-bn-cp-p. sUtkv hmcn-b F \ma-n \npw C-kkv Hm^v

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{]-kvXpX t]m-dns Xesv. XpS-p ]ckyhmNIfnse Xo{hX
sImv Xs kn\nam{]Zi-\
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IS-m-{I-a-W-s hnai\hnt[-b-amp- kn\nasb \nebnemWv `q-cn]-w t]cpw CXns\ t\mn---Xv.
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Xv s]smWv.
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t]-cpsS Poh-s\-Sp kmbp-[{- ]Xn-tj[-ambn amdpXpw.
CXn\v ]nn {]hn ZpjvS_p--n-Isf kw_-n hy-amb Nn{Xw BZy ka-b--fn e`n-n-cp-n-.
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2012 Htm_

44

9/11 HXmw hmjn-It- m-S\

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hcpnom\mWv Nne {ianpXv.
h-cp-sS Ah-temI\--fn \nv a\n-em-mw. "kn\nam\nam-W-ns
\ym-b-amb \ne-hm-c-n\v tbmPn-mXv' FmWv \yqtbmv sUbven
CXns\ hntijnnXv. C{X \ne-hmcw
Ipd Hcp kn\na temI-ns aX-cm-j{v So-b- k
- m-aq-ln-I- k
- mw-kI
v m-cnImco-
- n sh-p-tm Ckve
- m-ans
]mh-\a
- mb Bi-bs
- bpw {]hm-NI
-
bpsS kz`m-hs
- bpw kaq-la
- t[y ]--bmbn IfsSppI F KqV-X{-n\p-dv Hcpt-iyhpw kmam-\y_p-n-bpv ImWmIgn-bn-.
temkv Bekv ^nenw s]anv
G-Pknbn\nv kn\nam\nam-Wn-\v A\p-hmZw hmnb tUtkv
hmcnb F kn\n-ab
- psS kwhn-[m-bI--\mbn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-Xv tkm^v-vtIm t]m aqhn kwhn-[m-b-I
tdm-_ns\bm-W.v Fm Ct-l
- n\v Cu kn\nabpsS hcm t]mIp
cm-jv{So-b{- ]XymLmXsfpdn hy-amb [mcWbnmbncpp Fv thW-w A\pam\nm.
2012 Htm_

45

"Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Atd-_y acp-`qan

km-lk
- nIkn\nabpsS Nn{Xo-Ic
- W
-
- n\v A`n-t\Xmsf Bh-iy-apv' Fmbn--cp-p. kmw _mssk F \namXm-hns Iogn Nn{Xo-I-cn--s-Sp
tUtkv hmcnb F Nn{Xn-tXm-bn h ]ckyhmNIw. \mb-II
- Y
- m]m-{Xamb "tPmPv' F ]m-m]
a\-xn-Xn-b
- m tkzm-[n-]X
- n-bp-tSX-Sw kv{Xo-]p-cpj IYm-]m-{X-v
Bfp-Isf Bh-iy-ap-sdn-mWv
IemImcm kn\nabntev hcpXv.
A`n-\-bIme-b-f-hn Hcn-t]mepw
apl-Zv F \maw D-cnnn Fv
A
- X
- n hn-Xc
- mb A`n-t\Xm ]dbp-p. tPmPv F t]cv ]d-bp-n-Ssm-s apl-Zv Fv Uv sNbvX
- Xm-sWv Nn{Xw kkqvaw \nco-np-hv t_m[y-am-Ipw.
{]hm-N-I bpsS cq]w Nn{Xo-Icn--XmWv {]Xntj[n\v hgnsh-sX Xcn {]iv\s \nkm-ch
- cn-m-\p {iaw Nne e--fn--\nv ]p-dv hncpp. FmWv hkvXp-

6. {]hm-N-I-bpsS
{]n-b-s A\p-N-c-msc
sIm-e]
- m-XI
- n-Ifpw sImm-cpw {Iqc-mcpw Zp\-Sp-Im-cp- a
- mbn Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-pp.
7. apkvenwI ssZhnI--sav hniz-kn-p hnip- Izp-B {]hm-NIbpsS `mcy JZo-Pbp-sS \ntZi-{]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-sWv ka--Ynm- {ianpp.
8. hnip Izp- B
]-g-b]p-Xnb \nba ]pkv-X-I--fn\nv IS-sa-Sp--Xm-sWv B-tcm-]n- p-- - p .
X? {]hm-N-I bpsS cq]w Nn{Xo-Icn-p-Xpw hc-p-Xpw Ckvemw hntcm-[n-n-p-v. Fm Cu Nn{Xo-I-cW-n am{Xw {]Xn-tj-[s Npcpp--hv Nne m-]n-XX
- m-]cy- am{XamWpXv. s]mXp-th \nkm-cam-bn KWnmhp Hcp Imcy-n\v
apkv-enw-I C{X henb {]Xntj[w
kwLSnnpI hgn Akln-jv-Wp-fmb P\hn`mKambn apkvenw P\kmam-\ys ap{ZIpm Ffpamhpw
F XncndnhmWv Cu {]Nmc-W
- n\v
]n-n. Ckv-em-an-s\bpw {]hm-N-Is\bpw hnip {K-sbpw Ipdnv
kn-\na \Ip kt-i-amWv ChnsS
Im-Xemb {]iv\w. AXv Cns\ kwt]nmw.
1. Ckvemw shdp-n-sbpw Ie-ln-sbpw c-sm-cn-n-en-sbpw aXam-W.v

2. apkv-enw-I X-fpsS Poh-t\m-tfsd kvt\ln-p {]hm-N-I

sb hnUvVnbpw A[n-Im-ct- am-lnbpw
_m-e-]o-U-I\pw kzhK-c-Xnmc\pw
a-Z-y-]m-\nbpw I\pw c-Zm-lnbpw
kv{XoeS\pw \oXnsI-h\pambn Nn{Xo--Ic
- n-p-p.
3. apkve
- nw-I Gsd _lp-am-\n-pI-bpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS samw amXmfmbn ]cnNbsSppIbpw sN-p {]hm-N-Is `mcyamsc CI-gv-nIm-Wn-p-p.
4. {]hm-NI
- Xs `mcy-am-cp-ambn
ssew-KnI_-n Gs-Sp-Xv Nn{Xo--Ic
- n-p-p.
5. {]hm-N-I- Xs `mcy-bpsS
tPm-en-m-cn-bp-ambn Ahn-lnX_w
m-]n-p-Ibpw AXv `mcy I-s-pI-bpw sNpXmbn Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-p-p.

hne-Ip-d \namW \ne-hm-cw-sImpw {]Xn`mkv]ianm

A`n-\bw sImpw sshZ-Kv[y-an-m kwhn-[m-\w-sImpw
]qW ]cm-P-b-amWv Cu kn\na Fv kn\namcwK-p--h
-cpsS Ah-temI\--fn \nv a\-n-em-mw. "kn\nam\nam
-W-ns \ymb-amb \ne-hm-c-n\v tbmPn-m-Xv' FmWv
\yqtbmv sUbven CXns\ hntijnnXv.
2012 Htm_

46

]-Xn-\mev an\pv \op--\n-p hoUntbm s{Sbv-e-dn

\nv am{XamWv C{Xb[nIw amcIamb
sXp-[-cn-n--ep-I kwhn[mbI
\SpXv. ap-kv-enwI kz-tm-f[nIw kvt\-ln-p An-a-{]hm-NIs Po-hn-X-s-bpw AXneqsS
C-kvemans aln-Xm-ibsfbpw Nhn-nsaXnp C--cw Zpjv-sN-bv-XnI-sXnscbmWv D-Zv-_pkaqlw
{]XnIcnXv. AXpt]m-e-pw AXn-c-I-S-cpsXpw ]camh[n kam[m\-ne- [ njv T nXamhWsapamWv C-kvem-ans A[ym]\w. ]Xn\mep \qmv apv i{XpfpsS \nyamb ]cn-lmkicfn Jn\mb \-_ntbmSv temI{kmhmb Amlp ]d-Xv XsbmWv apkvenwIv C-p-w ]dbm\pXv.
""\o anpI. Amlphns A\p-{Klm am{XamWv \n\v an-m- IgnbpXv. AhcpsS (kXy\n-tj-[nIfpsS) t]cn \o hyk-\n-cp-Xv. Ah IpX{w {]tbmK-np-Xn-s\-n \o a\xti-nem-hp-Ibpw AcpXv. Xobmbpw Amlp kqva
-- X
- ]menhtcmsSmamIpp. kZvhr--c
- mbnphtcmsSmhpw.'' (16:1-27,12-8)

tkmjy s\vhp-If
- n-eq-sS-bp Ckvem-anI{]t_m-[\
-
- n\v Ghpw km[y-Xb
- p taJ-eb
- mWv tmsKgpv.

{]t_m-[\
- c
- w-Ks {it-ba
- mb ae-bmf tmKp-Isf ]cn-Nb
- s
- -Sp-p tImf-am-Wn-Xv.
\n-fpsS tmKp-I-fpsS URL klnXw kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-nte-s-gp-XpI.
C.-sa-bn: editor@snehasamvadam.com

XpScp {]hmNI\nbpw
\nIcpsS ]cyhkm\hpw

dfgdfgdgdgd

http://amusafir.blogspot.com/hn. \nbmkv

BhnjvImckzmXyns ad-hn {]hm-NI

- \
- n-b
- psS ]pXnb Hcp XmIqSn
Xpn-tv sImmWv Cu h
- mcw IS-p-t]m-bX
- v. ]Xnhp coXn-If
- n \nsmpw
hy-Xy-kvX\
-
- m-sX-bmWv ]n-bn-se-n-bX
- v. an-dn \np-sImv Camw DZvt_m[-\w XpS-n-b-tm Xs At-l-ns apJw Nph-n-cp-p. ]t hmp-I arZp-hm-bn-cp-p. Xs kzcw {ihn-p sIm-n-cn-p Bbn-c--W-n\v hnizmkn-I-tfmSv At-l-ns Adn-hn-sbpw hn\-b-n-sbpw ka-\z-b-ambn Ac-aWn-q \op\n kmtcm-]t- Ziw
Af-h Zbm-]-c\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb \psS cn-Xm-hns\ Ign-m `qap-Jv \mw s\tmSv tNv shp \psS {]hm-N-Is\ Ipdnv hnai-\n-sbpw hntcm-[
- n-sbpw kI-ea
- m\ koa-Ifpw ssIhnv \S-nb hnImc{]IS-\w Ipw tIpw ]cn-ip-a
- mb Hcp Zn\-n Xs apn IqSn-bh
- t- cmSv Atlw
]-dp XpS-n.
""CsXmtcmasSp-e
- mWv. ]pXnb F-nepw ]Tn-n-tem ]Iv \-I
- te-m A. temIv P\nv Pohnv acnp t]mb apgp-h kaq-l--fn-sebpw
2012 Htm_

47

C\n hcm-\n-cn-p kaq-l

- f
- n-sebpw
A-Xyp-X
- \
- mb Hcp hyn ssZh-I
- ]-\ {]Imcw ]Tn-n ]mT-`m-K
- AX-s apgp-h k-tbmSpw IqSn P\- Pohn-X
- n ]In XpS-n-btm- Ah temI-k-aq-l-n AXyp-X
- c
- mbn amdn. Ahsc B cq]-n ]cn-hn-n Hcp henb a\p-jys\ Ipdnv A]-hmZw ]d-m Ah
{]-tIm-]n-Xc
- m-hp-Ibpw {]Xn-Ic
- n-p-Ibpw
X-cwXmgp-Ibpw sNpw Fv a\-n-emn Ahsc A[-acmp-hm thn \S- IpSne X{-f
- psS Ah-km-\s
{i-aw am{X-amWv Ctm \S-X
- v.\n- a\n-em-Ww \psS {]h-m-N-I kz`mhw sImpw s]cpam-w sImpw IpSpw-_a
- l
- na sImpw
am-\h
- k
- a
- q-l
- nse AXypIr-jvS\
- mb krjvSn-bmWv.(1)
IpSpw-_-_w ]pep, kXyw ]d-bp, AYn-Xnsb BZ-cn-p,
I-jSv s
- -Sp-h
- s {]bm-k
- sf eLqI-cn-m-\m-hp-Xv sNp, temI-N-cn{X-nse Xpey-X-bn-m Hcp henb
a\p-jy-\m-bmWv apl-Zv \_n Pohn-X.v am\-hn-IX
- sb apl-Z- n-t\mfw kzm[o-\n asmcp hyn-bn-m-sb-mWv
temIv anI \qdm-fp-Ifn Hm-a\m-bn Xnc-s-Sp- \_nsb Ipdnv
]m-mXy\mb FgppImc tc-Js-SpnbXv. ]-b
- mbn tcJ-s-Sp-nb
kXy-k
- a
- mb Ncn-{X-n\p t\sc A-X \Sn-p-Ib
-
- msX asmcp hgnbpw
hn-ai-Ip apn-en-.
\_n\n-bpsS Ncn-{X-n\p {]hmN-I-Xz-ns Hmw XnbXn hsc ]g-ap-v. A_q-Pl
- Jpssd-in-InS-bn D-X-\m-b, Btcm-Ky-hm-\m-b,
kzo-Im-cy-\mb hyn-bm-bn-cp-p. F-m \_n-\n-v Npm\v ]nSnpsImv
Po-hn A_q-P-l _Z-dns bp-`q-

an-bn sIm-s-Sp-Xv cp ]np-Ipp-f

- psS Ic-f
- memWv; tbmm-hns kh-]-cn-th-jhpw tbmKy-Xbpw Dm-bn-cp {]am-Wn-bmb Hcp a\p-jy
]nS-phoWXv \nm-c-m-cmb cp
Ipp-f
- m. \_n-\n-b
- psS XpS-m-c IYm-ht- i-j\
- m-bXv A{X \ny\m-bm-W.v
Xs {]hm-N-IXzw kaq-l-ns
ap-n BZy-ambn ]d-t- m ""\n-\v \miw'' Fv ]dp {]hm-N-Is\
I--\m-nb A_q-e-l_v \_n-\n-bp-sS Ncn-{X-n m\w ]nSn-p. Izp-B i]n A_q-e-l_v apl-Zv
\_nsb A]-am-\n-X
- n\v Ipw IWp-an-. Adpw shdppapf-hm-p,
ZpKw han-p, hrW- _m[np InS-n-emb At-ls klnsI-v Cu-\
- t- bm-eb
- n s]mXnp
ac-p-`q-an-bnse H-s ev Dt]n-p. ASpv sNm aSn-nv \o
hSn-bpsS Av `Ww shv sIn
hmbn-tev Fnp sImSp-t Ah- hscbpm-bn. tijw, P\--fn \nIv H-s Ah--bn Pohn-p, bmX\ A\p-`-hnp ac-W-s-p.
a-cW
- s
- -t- m InS-n-cp e-n\v
A-]w Zqsc Hcp Ipgn-sb-Spp AXnte-v Hcp hSn sImv tXmn-bnv Ipgn-p aqS-sp Fv Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-p.
X-dh
- m-Sn-bm-bn-cpp At-lw. ]s \_n-\n--bpsS Atm-kvX-e-m-cpsS IqsS \nv {]hnXn\m B cq]n-emWv Amlp inn--Xv.
{InkvXym-\n-bm-b, A`y-kvXh
- n-Zy-\mb Hcp a\p-jy \_n-k-n-[n-bn-sen apkvenam-bn. \_n-bpsS IqsS Pohn-p XpS-n. \_n-bpsS Fgp-p-Imcn- Hcmfmbn. A]w Ign--tm
A-bm Xs \mntev Xncnpt]mbn.
P-\
- t- fmSv ]d-p. apl-Zv \_n-sbm-

p-a Rm Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp-Xv ]dbp-, thsd Hpw ]d-bm-\n-m Hcm-. ]pXn-b-sXm-p-an-. P\- Abm-sf Znhy-\m-n.- A-[nIw Ign-bp-Xn-\p apt Abm acnp. Zn-hy-]-cnth-jtmsS P\- At-ls
kw-kvIcnp. B cm{Xn ]pe-tm
Ip-gn-am-S
- n\p ]pd-tv X-s \ne-bn Abm-fpsS icocw Ip. cmw
Zn-h-khpw \ Hcp Ipgn-bn Abmsf
A-S-n. B cm{Xn ]pe-tmgpw Abm-sf `qan ]pdwXn. P\- Bg-n Hcp henb Ipgn FSpv A-bmsf AS-n. Fm aqmw Xh-Wbpw
`q-an Abmsf ]pd-tv Xn. P\- Abmsf AhnsS Dt]-np t]mbn. \_n-\n-bpsS XpS-
- m-cn Nnecp-sS Ncn{Xw C-s\-bm-Wv.
Amlp ]d-Xv F{X kXyw: ""]cn-lm-k-m-cn \nv \ns kwc-nm Xo-bmbpw \mw aXn-bm-bn-cn-pp.''(2)
AsX, ""Xo-bmbpw \ntmSv hntZz-jw shv ]pep-h
- Xs-bm-

Xs {]hm-N-IXzw kaq-l-ns apn BZy-ambn ]d--tm ""\n\v \miw'' Fv apl

-Zv \_ntbmSv- Bt{Imin A_q-e-l_v Ncn{Xns ]pdtmnemWv HSpnoXv.
Adpw shdppapf-hm-p, ZpKw han-p, hrW- _m[np InS-n-emb At-ls
kln-sIv Cu--\-tbm-e-bn s]mXnp acp-`q-an-bnse H-s ev Dt]-n-p. ASpv
sNm aSn-nv \o hSn-bpsS Av `Ww shv sIn hmbn-tev Fnp sImSp-t
Ah hscbpm-bn.
2012 Htm_

48

\_n\n-bpsS Ncn-{X-n\p {]hm-N-I-Xz-ns Hmw XnbXn hsc ]g--ap-v. A_q-P-l Jp

-ssd--in-In-S-bn D-X-\m-b, Btcm-Ky-hm-\m-b, kzoIm-cy-\mb hyn-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm \
-_n-\n-v Npm ]nSnpsImv Pohn A_q-P-l _Z-dns bp-`q-an-bn sIm-s-Sp-Xv
cp ]np-Ip-p--fpsS Ic--fmemWv.
Ipp hme-h
- (`mhn-bn-m-h
- ).''(3)
Ah \_n sb \nnp XpS-nb-tm Amlp \s ]Tn-n-Xv \mw
ad-c
- p-Xv: ""\n\v (ap-l
- Z- v\_nv)\n-s Ion \mw Dbn-c
- n-Ibpw
sN-bvXn-cn-p-p.''(4)
hnUvVn-I-fmb Ipsd Bfp-I \_nsb CI-gvn-bm At-l
- n\v Fs--nepw kw`-hnpw Fv \mw hnNmcn--cp-Xv.
X-fpsS {]hm-NI
- s\ \nn-p-Xv
I-p a\v {]bm-k-sp sImv A\p-N-c-m Xncp-k-n-[n-bn-en-se-n-btm- Atlw ]d-Xv C-s\-bmWv: ""Jpssd-in-If
- psS No-hn-fnsbbpw
im-]h
- m-p-Isfbpw Fs\ Amlp
F-n \nv Xncnphnp-shv \n
A-p-Xs
- -Sm-dnt: Rm kvXpXn-s
- -h\
- m-bn-cns Ah-scs \nIr-s
- \v
sXdn hnfn-p. \oN-s\v i]np.''(5)
Ccw k`--fn \mw ssIsm-t \ne-]m-Sp-I Icp-Xt- em-sSbm-bn-cn-Ww. \_n-tbm-Sp \psS
kvt\lw At-l-ns Ncy-Isf ]np--Sc
- p-X
- n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. \psS a-sfbp-w IpSw-_-sbpw B Ncy ]n]-p--h-cmn hfp--Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv Ckve
- m-ans kz`m-h- s]-cp-am acym-ZI
-
A-Xyp-X
- a
- m-Wv Fv Ahsc t_m[ys-Sp-n-sm-m-Wv. aXw A\p-h-Zn
hn-ai-\
- fpw ssien-Ifpw ap-dp-sI-]nSn-p Pohn--Ww. \n-fn Cu kaql-nse ]n-Xc
- p-,v t\Xm-f
- p-,v
A-[ym-]I
- c
- p-v, Fgp-p-Im-cp-v, IhnI-fp-v, henb henb am[ya {]hI--cp-v, aln-X-amb {]hm-NINcy ]-I-p\Ip-X
- nepw hnai-\
- ns Ckv-em-anIam\-sf ]Ip\Ip-Xn-epw \nsms henb ]-phl-n
- m-\p-.v \n-fd
- n-bWw apIme
N-cn-{X-f
- n \nv \ a\-n-em-W-w Bscms F-s\-sbms \-ps-S dkqens t\v Xncn-mepw Ah-cp-sSbpw \_n-bp-sSbpw CS-bn \p-sS cn-Xm-hp-v, Am-lp-hpv F-

hkvXpX. Cu ktiw Bscms

]-Wn-sb-Sp-mepw Cs-nepw hnainm-epw Cs-nepw N{I-hmfkoa-I-sfbpw Iog-Spw FXv \tmSp ]d-X-v Am-lp-hm-Wv.
""A-h-cpsS hmb sImv Am-lphn-s {]Imiw sIS-pn-f
- b
- m-sav Ah- B{K-ln-p-p. Am-lp-hm-Is Xs {]Imiw ]qW-am-msX k-Xnp--Ib
- n-.- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iv AXv A\n--jvS-I-c-am-bmepw. Ah-\mWv k--am-K-hpw kXy-aX
- h
- p-ambn Xs ZqXs\ Ab--h. Fm aX-sbpw AXv AXnP-bn-p--Xm-m thn _lp-ssZ-hhn-izm-kn-Iv AXv A\n-jvSI
- c
- a
- m-bmepw.''(6)
\n-f-dn-bWw, temIkaq-l-n\p
ap-l
- Zv \_n _mn-bmn t]mbXv
F-msWv. asm-p-a hnip-- IzpB--\m-WXv. AXy-p-X-I-c-amb {Kw!
temIs apgp-h Adn-hp-Ifpw hnhc-fpw ]Ip\In, kmln-Xy-ns apgp-h `wKnbpw IqSn-t, A]q-h-amb Hcp {Kw, \ap-p km-Kw. AsX-s\ ]n]-Ww Fv
Po-hnp ImWn-mWv apl-Zv \_n
\-SpadXv. B ]miz-n ap-dpsI-nSn-p \apv Akz-cm-hp-Itbm {]bm-ks
- -Sp-Itbm sNt-X
- n-.
Imem-Im-e--fn Pohnpt]mb \_n\n--IcpsS Pohn-Xhpw Ncn-{X-nse
2012 Htm_

49

m- \ - h pw Fhn- s SbmWv F- v \apv

a\-n-em-hp--tX
Dq..
""A-m-lp-hn-s\-bpw
Ahs dkq-en-s\-bpw
t{Zmln-p--h-cmtcm
Ahsc C-l
- nepw ]c--n-e-pw A-mlp i]n--n-cn--p--p. A-h-p
th-n A]-am-\I
-- -c-amb in A-h- H-cp-n shn-p-ap-v.''(7)
""Xo-bmbpw Am--lp-thmSpw Ahs dkq-en-t\mSpw FXn-p-\np-h
- c
- mtcm Aq- F-hpw \ny-m-cm-bh
- c
- psS Iq-n-em-Ipp. Xo-bmbpw Rm\pw Fs ZqXm-cpw Xs-bmWv hnPbw t\Sp-I.-Fv
A-mlp tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. Xo--bmbpw Amlp i\pw {]Xm-]nbp-am-Ipp.'' (58:20,21)(8)
"cmhpw ]Iepw Fp-n-Ss
- ms
Cu ktiw FpI Xs sNpw.
\-K-c-n \ne-sIm-p Hcp hotSm
{Km-a-n-ep Hcp IpSntem Cu kt-iw I-S-n-hn-SmsX Amlp Hgnhm-p-Ib
- n-; {]Xm-]h
- ms {]Xm-]
- neq-sStbm \nm-cs \nm-cX
- b
- n-eq-sStbm'(9) Fv \s ]Tn-n {]hm-N-Is Pohn-XN
- cy NmWn\p NmWmbpw apg-n\p apg-ambpw ]n]n Pohnp ap-hv amXr-I-bm-hpI F hensbmcp ZuXy\nh-lW
- a
- mWp XpS-cp
{]-hm-NI\n-bpsS Imev \
sNt-.v
d^dkv:
1. IzpB 68:4
2. IzpB 15:95
3. IzpB 108:3
4. IzpB 94:4
5. _pJmcn 5778
6. IzpB 9:32,33
7. IzpB 33:57
8. IzpB 58:20,21
9. AlvaZv 16957

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Btcm-]W
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""kXyhnizmknIfmb ]pcpjamscbpw kv { XoIsfbpw Ah
(sXmb) bmsXmpw sNmXncns ieysSpphcmtcm Ah
A]hmZhpw {]Xyamb ]m]hpw t]dnbncnbmWv.'' (33:58)

sIp-d-p Hcp BZim-[n-jvTnX

k-aq-l-s-bmWv Ckvemw ]Sp-p-b-p--Xv. B kp`-{Z-amb tIm-n-fw- X-p GXv {]h\sbpw
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B-Nmcacym-ZIfpw IS-m-Sp-Ifpw C-kve-mw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p-v.
hnizmknI ]c-kv]cw apJ-{]-k-X-tbmsS Ip-ap-p--Xpw- c--mbp- {]mY\If-S
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t]m-bm-fp-I tIh-e-amb Nne Btcm-]-W--fpsS t]cn BZi-hn-tcm[n-I-tf-m henb i{Xp--fmbn amdp- Ah-m-hn-tijw Fp-am{Xw
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2012 Htm_

50

X-n-ep sFIyhpw kvt\lhpw sIp--dt- msS Xs Imp-kq-n-m \ap-v km[n-pw. C-s-n sImSpw tJZ-hpw hn ]mX-Ihpambn-cnpw AXn-s A\--c-^-ew.
Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fmb \tmSv
D-Wp-Xv ImWpI: ""kXy-hn-izmk-nI
-- tf, Hcp A[aImcn h hm-bpw sImv \nfpsS ASpv h-m \nfXns\n hyIvXambn A-t\zjn-dnbWw. AdnbmsX GsX-n-epw
Hcp P\Xbvv \n B]-p-hcpp-Ibpw, Fnv B sNbvX
- Xns t]cn- \n tJZmcm-bno-cp-I-b-pw
sNmXncnm thn.'' (49:6)
Ckvem-ans ASn-d
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