Area of concern - kinetic architecture

How i arrived at my area of concern i was always fascinated by buildings that can respond to certain criteria be it climatic conditions or simply somebodys fancy! Kinetic architecture is a concept where buildings are designed so that significant portions can move while retaining structural integrity. A building's capability for motion can be used just to enhance it aesthetic qualities but can also allow it to respond to environmental conditions and to perform functions that would be impossible for a static structure. Architecture stands at the threshold of a new evolution. Charles darwin has suggested that the problem of survival always depends upon the capability of an object to adapt in a changing environment. This theory holds true for architecture. Architectural applications in responsive kinetic architecture arise from issues of spatial efficiency and adaptability. an adaptable space flexibly responds to the requirements of any human activity. Adaptability may range from multi-use interior re-organization to complete structure transformability. Kinetic function in building parts provides that the objects in the built environment are physically present only when they are necessary, and disappear or transform when not needed. This is to suggest that a new aesthetic, a new concept of form, is inherent in responsive architecture. By incorporating motion into architecture, designers give occupants another dimension by which to interact with their surroundings. When done properly, kinetic architecture can inspire, surprise and even touch the soul. This introduction to kinetic architecture highlights its purposes and benefits, and provides strategies for designing and constructing moving building elements that optimize sustainability in architecture. Today's life is dynamic, therefore the space we are living in should be dynamic as well, adjustable to our needs that change continuously to our concept of design andour mood. Kinetic buildings can follow the rhythms of nature and can change direction and shape from spring to summer, from sunrise to sunset and adjust themselves to the weather so, buildings will be alive. Kinetic architecture will allow architects to develop realistic consideration of human and environmental conditions. The result will be architecture of unique and wholly unexplored applications that address the dynamic, flexible and constantly changing activities of today and tomorrow. Adaptive response to change must intelligently moderate human activity and the environment and build on the task of enhancing everyday activities by creating architecture that extends our capabilities.

Therotical background:
A response is a reaction to a specific stimulus. A response intrinsically and concomitantly creates a kinesis, movement or motion. Motion is an inherent condition of many systems that allow a successful adaptation to The changing conditions of the environment or its user. Responses manifest themselves in functions such as growth, adaptation, and behavior. The term function implies a definite purpose that serves a particular kind of work it is intended to perform. A functional response in architecture implicates the juxtaposition Of response, environment, user, and form. Kinetic expression applied to architecture is conceived directly through the physical motion of form/surface and/or structure. An understanding of these conditions could influence proposals for a new generation of responsive architectural spaces that could react to the needs oftheir users. In order to calculate reasons for kinetic proposals we must begin by analyzing real life; what surrounds us. For the most part, our built environments do not fully facilitate our needs by adapting to the way move and interact. Through investigation we realize that we are involuntarily required to adjust to our environment or physically adjust our environment to suit our needs. How we can make our built environments adaptable becomes the basis of criticism. Better yet, how can our buildings facilitate ideas for a better social realm? These criticisms ultimately lead to the reality of perpetually changing user needs. The level to which we satisfy our needs can depend upon the temporality or the longevity of the need Question. Referencing a paradigm that the computer industry has established, technology bases itself on The conception of temporality through the need of longevity. Thus, we have come to accept the fact that Computers and the technology that they are provided with become nearly obsolete within a few years of Use. Accordingly, we need to purchase another updated version because we cant live our lives without Being connected to a computer. This process and other commodified processes are simple compared to That of the human reactive processes relative to architecture. Architecture has based itself primarily upon longevity and the simple need for shelter. This currently creates a polarity between real life and the buildings in which we dwell. This polarity between real life and the environments we inhabit needs to be analogous. Architecture could, and should, be more responsive to the way we live our contemporary lives. In order to synthesize the two in the age of technology, architecture must learn how to exhibit temporality through Longevity, just as other industries do. The potential of creating temporal architecture lies in the kinetic realm.

Hypothesis:
A kinetic structure can be design to control sunlight and rain water in an open public space at the same time it reconfigures itself to provide a duality of open and closed space. Applicable uses:

Public squares Gardens Arenas Stations Cultural centers Galleries

Emerging questions:
Is it possible to create a 3d structure that can be stable in 3 different configurations* and that at the same time deals with sunlight and rain water control? *these configurations are: closed, semi open and completely open (hidden). How could a solid structure open and close to let daylight go in without changing its form too much? What kind of structure should be the most adequate to use in order to create a structure that is self supported? How can a solid structure (such as beams or columns) move to completely change position without decreasing its efficiency during this process and create a new shape?

subquestions: about main structure:

Which kind of structure is more stable for this type of project? What is the most efficient way to reconfigure an entire structure? What is the exact position for the new configurations? What are the mechanical possibilities to achieve a reconfiguration? What kind of material is more suitable for this task?

About secondary structure (light and water features):

How can a structure move in order to control light income? How can a structure deal with combined needs? (e.i. Sun control+ventilation; rain+need of light; rain+ventilation, etc.) What kind of materials are available to create this features? What kind of material is more suitable to adapt into the structure?

What are the machanical posibilities to achieve this movement?

Methodology: 1. Study the context and the site of the design. 2. Search for the reconfigurable structures available 3. Select the reconfiguration positions of the structure 4. Select the mechanical systems 5. Search for materials for main structure 6. Modeling of the structure 7. Structural analysis in different configurations 8. Search for daylight parameters and sun trajectory 9. Analysis of combined environmental factors (rain+light+ventilation) 10.Search for mechanism to control environmental factors 11.Search for materials for secondary structure 12.Modeling of the secondary structure 13.Light analysis (flux)

Critical stance:
Technological advancements and the increasing necessity for programmable/adaptable environments have amplified the need for spaces that are more responsive to users. Currently, intelligent buildings and Computer controlled environmental systems allow for minimal user response. These responses do not parallel the cultural adaptations occurring concomitantly with the purveyance of new technology. The ongoing transformation of contemporary society into an environment controlled by technology is rapidly expanding. The influence of computer technology, biometric controls, programmable building systems, global positioning, and other systems are not just being used by high tech businesses and world governments, these items are becoming more readily available to the common consumer. Technological advancement has created More engaging activities in which people can instantly connect using variable modes of communication. It is constantly redefining our cultural interactions and architectural space should interact and respond to these techno-social interchanges. If architecture is to approach a more physically engaging system of use with regard to techno-social interaction, then some of these techno-social interchanges and processes need to be defined. (1) the ubiquity of portable and wireless technology allows for users to download, receive, and send any type of information from multiple sources and to multiple destinations. Physically, users are in complete control of their communication abilities within almost any context of society, thus communication advancement has allowed for maximum flexibility through physical orientation and through the critical dimension of time. (2)biometric control systems physically engage users to permit access to specific environments or information. These systems have the ability to respond to a precise set of parameters controlled by the user. Through these interactions the human body actually becomes the sender and receiver of artificial information.

(3) computer driven robotic systems have become ubiquitous in product manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other industries. These systems are configured to perform a variety precise functions with varied movements over specified periods of time. The systems can also be reconfigured with new software to perform new functions that emerge depending on consumer market analysis. In most cases these systems do not directly affect the user or consumer as the first two examples do, moreover, they indirectly influence the consumer market, which inherently affects social interaction by being responsive to changing conditions within the market. If interchange ideals, such as these, were incorporated or embedded into architecture, then constructed environments could assume the possibilities of being responsive in real-time. Real-time responses in architecture can create more dynamic interfaces between technology and users, yet architecture remains static. It has not evolved to a sophisticated level of adaptation or advancement as have Other aforementioned complex systems. Existing technology interchanges facilitate the need for application and assimilation of new technologies in architectural design for architectural environments. As techno-social Interchanges physically change our daily activities and experiences, architecture should develop systems that support and possibly help define how these interchanges occur.support and possibly help define how these interchanges occur.

Analytical framework:
Analytical framework: structural approach First of all, the structure should have such a geometry that, at the same time it enables the contraction and deployment, is compatible with the environmental control elements (cladding or any other element that will serve for sunlight and rain control). As a fisrt approach, a geometry was chosen that can, at first sight, achieve the configurations. This image shows a series of deployable arches that, when placed together, form a roof. A similar geometry can be taken into considereation for reproducing the desired configurations.

Another aspect of the structure should be the tesselation that would be chosen in order to cover the space. There are some kinds of tesselations that are more appropriate to use for planar, or at least, single curved structures. If the structure is double curved or has a free form, some other tesselations, or even different shape modules, should be necessary to achieve the final form.

three orders of tesselation

Semiregular tessellations

demiregular tessellations

The main concerns at this point are two: 1. How to create a structure that can also be compatible with the cladding: and 2. How would the two wings of the structure adapt to each other in order to work as one structural entity.

Project identify: Multi-use skyscraper using kinetic architecture Aim:

To create a pavillion where multi-uses are integrated for better functioning and convenience. Why introduce a kinetic structure for solving a specific architectural problem? To arrive at the answer think of a public square, where the need of shading and a temporary shelter is necessary in order to hold some public events, or purely to protect the people that gather in this place from sun and rain. So protecting this space to give a comfortable stay is one of the reasons. On the other hand, people are familiar with these spaces as open. So a big impact would be produced if a static structure is designed in this context. It can even make people to stop coming and enjoying the space.

Taking the above into account, the main objective of introducing a kinetic structure in a public square is to manage sunlight and rain water in order to bring a comfortable space to stay. This structure should be clever enough to keep the scene of outdoor space. Therefore two different movements are identified for the structure: 1. Small movement to control in an accurate way the light income, which entirely depends of the sun trajectory and the season; and to control rain water. 2. Big movement to completely open the structure and keep the scene of outdoor space. This movement can be achieved by two means: small accumulative movements or a single big scale movement.

Objective:
To enhance and improve the urban realm according to the changing lifestyles, to accommodate various needs and requirements. Kinetic systems provide movement. Through these applications architecture can be the process and inform the processes of our daily lives rather than just being the output of a process. Current approaches to design in architecture assume that buildings must provide stability, sturdiness, and immobility. Although, as previously mentioned, the way we live today suggests constant movement, unpredictability, and even uncertainty. These transitional properties can Infer change and liveliness.

Need and scope of the project:

Throughout most of human history, the majority of human settlements developed as mixed-use environments. Walking was the primary way that people and goods were moved about, sometimes assisted by animals such as horses or cattle. Most people dwelt in buildings that were places of work as well as domestic life, and made things or sold things from their own homes. Most buildings were not divided into discrete functions on a room by room basis, and most neighborhoods contained a diversity of uses, even if some districts developed a predominance of certain uses, such as metalworkers, or textiles or footwear due to the socio-economic benefits of propinquity. people lived at very high densities because the amount of space required for daily living and movement between different activities was determined by walkability and the scale of the human body. This was particularly true in cities, and the ground floor of buildings was often devoted to some sort of commercial or productive use, with living space upstairs. The real city is scaleless, connective, amporphous, and heterogeneous.

Can a project exist that is capable of integrating and at the same time subverting the architectural banality that capitalist tactics seem to elicit? Public space became interiorized within the mechanism of the threedimensional, self-sufficient stratified skyscraper. The phenomenon of the megalopolis, ubiquitous in the Third World, the drive to capitalize on the production of built space, underscore inherent deficiencies of the methods and goals of traditional urbanism. David Harvey proposes a form of global stability based on the connectedness, flexibility, and lack of articulation characterizing contemporary material and economic structures as a mode of postcapitalist production that offers an alternative to the Keynesian model i.e. London is more connected to Kuala Lumpur than their immediately adjacent urban areas. Developer autonomy creates drive to build an entire city within one development. shifts from an emphasis on aspects of control with the architect focused on locating geometric and functional order to an emphasis on aspects of interpretation, to search for new forms of analysis capable of integrating disorder and an accelerated rate of change in to the production of space. mobility is connection to the complexity of the outside. circulation is internal between functions. Guy Debord situationist movement underscored the totalizing nature of the post-war modern city as a unitary and universal spectacle aimed at legitimizing capitalist practices.

mixed-use: layered typologies increasingly depended on the ground floor and basement on their infrastructural connections and their capacity to transform preexisting conditions.

mixed-use skyscraper vehicle for decentralization, multiplying centrality rather than correcting imbalances. Thus, the mixed-use skyscraper is particularly well suited to contemporary real estate development strategies. Throughout the 1980s the pattern of dispersal of the mixed-use high-rise spread rapidly among medium-sized cities in the United States. This produced a model for real estate transactions that was instrumental in the globalized economy, which was now uninterested in the specialized nature and identity of the inherited modernist city. Jean Baudrillard simulacrum of public space (selective and guarded), intended to create the spectacle of an egalitarian society made cohesive by consumption. case study fashion buildings in Shinuku district of Tokyo are evidence of a certain automorphic reproduction, of the similarity of operations associated with the flexible flow of capital. Complex programmatic organization, dedicated to the ultimate forms of consumption. Short life cycle disperse traditional urban centralities without repercussions for urban planning. rhizomatic Deleuze represents a kind of economic warfare that pits the guerillas of flexible capitalism against the rigidity of the existing city and the intensive accumulation of huge commercial containers. Self-perpetuation, a system of market feedback makes room for small-scale real estate developers in a kind of democratization of capitalism. commercial approach - interiorized public space with atrium-like configuration, dense building depth, and superimposing of mechanical, public, and private structures.

Skyscraper & Connectivity:of the building

Hence, we can say that a public realm that accomodates various requirements is the need of the hour.

Site selected: ahemdabad, gujrat nehru bridge

latitude: 23 1'38.06"n longitude: 7234'37.53"e

Project definition:
Mixed-use development is the use of a building, set of buildings, or neighborhood for more than one purpose. To apply the technologies and innovations of kinetic architecture in a multi-use skyscraper to further enhance its functionality.

Criteria for site selection : 5 reasons for selecting gujrath:

1.380 infrastructure projects in gujarat the gujarat infrastructure development board (gidb) plans to take up 380 infrastructure projects in the state in the next 10 years involving a total capital investment of rs 116,993 crore. Of the 380 projects, 133 will be in the private sector with an investment of rs 62,197 crore. Thirty-two of the private sector projects will be completed by december 2002. Of these, three have already been implemented and seven are under implementation. Eleven new projects have been approved, five are in the bidding stage and feasibility reports of 17 projects are being prepared. Gidb also plans to undertake the development of lng infrastructure at the dahej and hazira ports with an investment of rs 2,287 crore and rs 3,710 crore, respectively. Eighty-four projects are being implemented with capital investment from the state government. As many as 113 projects worth rs 18,863 crore, not included in the vision 2010, have been mentioned in the gidb list. (16/6/01)

2.the land factor in gujarat, over 15 per cent of land is infertile, so land acqui- sition is not a problem. The state has 46 running or approved sezs the largest in the country in bengal, the demand is to fix land ceiling between 400 and 1000 hectares for multi-prod- uct sezs. The state also wants steps to prevent it firms from misusing the tax

one of the leading industrialised states in the country, gujarat, wants the entire state declared as a special economic zone (sez) so that it can attract more investment, according to a senior state government official. The official was speaking at a meeting of the standing committee on commerce, looking into the sez issue, on wednesday. The committee, for the first time, invited political parties and organisations, state governments and corporate houses, like the tata group, infosys and mahindra and mahindra, for their views on sezs. The previous two such meetings saw various ministries and government

departments sharing their views. Bharatiya janata party leader murli manohar joshi chairs the 40-member committee. 3. What could be the first indian city to really strive for a proper, planned, skyscraper-filled cbd! [ sunday, may 28, 2006 09:43:18 pm times news network ] the river's banks may not really become a playground for the smaller fish. Biggies like unitech, dlf, rahejas and emaar may actually traipse away with the mega-deals that will be on offer later this year. The government is planning to invite global bids for large chunks of land in the 32 hectares earmarked for commercial and residential development. The government's view is that it does not make sense in splitting up the land into small plots. Instead, narrow strips of land stretching up to 1 km each could be considered the minimum unit. As many as 20 hectares are to be sold for commercial projects and the remaining 12 hectares are allocated for residential projects. What will make the project particularly viable for global and national players is the high fsi (floor space index) that is being planned to allow the building of skyscrapers, especially in the central business district (cbd) proposed between the nehru bridge and the gandhi bridge. Confirming this, srfdcl chairman anil mukim said, "the overriding concern is that the project matches global standards." the idea is that it will be easy to handle the infrastructural needs - like parking - if each developer is given large tracts of land. Besides, it will help maintain the desired skyline and synergy in design." the invitation for global bids could be out as early as october 2006, the deadline for completion of walkways along the 11.5 km-long stretch between subhash bridge and vasna barrage. With the urban design plan is on course, to be ready by august-september 2006, the general development and control regulations are expected to be finalised by october 2006 after which global bids would be invited. This latest twister comes after local builders were even given a sneak preview at a private screening by the sabarmati riverfront development corporation limited earlier. The only ahmedabad-based realty player who looks capable of generating such resources is adani group chairman gautam s adani, who has just bagged one of the biggest realty deals in mumbai's bandra-kurla complex. "a proper job which would meet international standards is possible only if large

chunks of land are offered," he said. Players like k raheja corp also can't help drooling. "we will certainly pitch in when bids are invited," said a k raheja corp spokesperson. __________________

4. Shree raj travels & tours is poised to set up the countrys tallest hotel in ahmedabad at an estimated investment of rs 350 crore. The hotel is scheduled to come up at sg highway. talks are on for a suitable plot in ahmedabad. There will be about 500 state-of-the-art rooms in the hotel, for which a foreign architect will be roped in, sheth added. The convention centre will be able to accommodate 3,500 people. Besides, there will be a shopping complex, which will have only internationally branded garments. with the centre declaring 51 per cent foreign direct investment in retail, this will be the right type of outlet, he said. Sheth further said, ahmedabad has a great future, and gujarat is witnessing tremendous growth under the present leadership. The state government is very positive about the entire project; our hotel will give the message to tourists and the business world that ahmedabad has arrived.

Gandhinagar, may 20: the worlds largest real estate company, emaar group along with its indian partner, is knocking the door of realty market of gujarat. 5.emaar mgf land private limited is planning to invest over rs 1,000 crore in townships, hotels, malls, and it parks in the state. In the subsequent phases, the group plans to pump in more money as company is bullish about the state. Emaar mgf land private limited is a jv between emaar properties pjsc dubai and mgf development of india. Emaar properties has a market capitalisation of over $40 billion and is the worlds largest real estate company. It has to its credit projects like burj dubai project, regarded as the tallest building in the world. Mixed Use Development in Asia Mixed use development has been successful in China. In India, there are many examples of very successful implementations of mixed-use development; notably projects in Powai, Mumbai and in Gurgaon, Haryana.

Factors that need to be understood for doing the project:

1. Feasibility of various combinations of residential, commercial, recrational etc. 2. Thorough understanding of climatic and wind conditions to intervene suitably. 3. Sound knowledge of structural and service details. 4. Understanding of mechanical contraptions that are used in the structure. 5. The adjacent buildings and their typology to be taken into account.

Justification:
Nothing in life is static, everything in life undergoes subtle and drastic changes to morph itself with the surroundings as goes darwins theory of survival of the fittest. This is valid with architecture too. We build buildings that are intended to serve their purpose for many years to come, but in all those years the world and its needs changes and the structure might become redundant. To accommodate these changing requirements and to blend in and cater to the present needs, a multi-functional building fits the bill! Kinetic architecture is a boon for architectural designing. In a place like indiaexperiencing tropical climatic, and many changes in climatic conditions throught the year, kinetic architecture perhaps is the ideal solution to cater to the different weather conditions and also harness energy.

Issues to be addressed:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Feasibility of the project in the given situation. Climatic and wind conditions Structural stability. Implications of using mechanical contraptions

Probable case studies- literature studies:

1. new terminal 1d at delhis igi airport: ar.hafeez contractor 2. India tower, mumbai 3. Mixed use skyscraper- thesis- rakesh pate

4. Mixed use skyscraper- thesis- kartik p jadhav

Probable requirements:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Residential Commercial Recreational Pool Theatres Vertical garden

Bibliography:
http://kartixart.blogspot.in/p/thesis.html http://vs603.uniserver.nl/en/project/thesis-mixed-use-skyscraper http://www.kateandrew.co.nz/index.php?/2010/the-skyscraperand-connectivity/ Kineticarchitecture.net/ www.kineticarchitecture.org/ Mecart.net