Name

Date

Class

Viruses

On a separate sheet of paper, explain the basic characteristics of viruses.

45C

Name

Date

Class

Viruses
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Viruses are considered to be nonliving. How are they similar to living organisms, and how are they different? 2. How are viruses similar to parasites? 3. In the diagram below, what is the structure and function of the part labeled A? 4. In the diagram below, what is the structure and function of the part labeled B?

Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column.

5. 6. 7. 8.

virus

a. an organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm b. a substance introduced in the body to help produce chemicals that destroy specific viruses c. an organism that provides a source of energy for a virus or another organism d. a tiny, nonliving particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell

host

parasite

vaccine

Name

Date

Class

Bacteria

On a separate sheet of paper, explain how bacteria can help people as well as how they can harm people.

55D

Name

Date

Class

Bacteria
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of eukaryotes? 2. List four ways that bacteria are helpful to people.

Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

bacteria cytoplasm ribosomes flagellum cellular respiration binary fission conjugation endospore pasteurization decomposers

a. tiny structures that produce proteins inside bacteria b. a process by which bacteria reproduce asexually c. organisms that break down large, complex chemicals in dead organisms into small, simple chemicals d. the region inside the cell membrane of a bacterium e. a process by which bacteria reproduce sexually f. the process of breaking down food to release energy g. tiny single-celled organisms that live almost everywhere h. a method of slowing down food spoilage i. a small, rounded, thick-walled resting cell inside a bacterial cell j. a whip-like structure that helps a bacterial cell to move

Name

Date

Class

Protists

On a separate sheet of paper, briefly identify some similarities and differences among the three types of protists.

Name

Date

Class

Protists
If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
1. or fungi. 2. organisms. 3. 4. 5. Most plant-like protists can move to get food. Algae use pigments to capture the suns energy. Fungus-like protists use cilia to reproduce. Pseudopods produce oxygen and are a source of food for other Protists are eukaryotes that can be classified as animals, plants,

Fill in the blank to complete each statement.

6. are animal-like protists. .

7. Plant-like protists are commonly called 8. to move the organism. 9. Algae contain many types of 10. A(n)

have hair-like projections that beat with a wavelike motion

, or chemicals that produce color.

is a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism.

Fungi

On a separate sheet of paper, explain ways that fungi can be helpful to people and other ways that they can be harmful to people.

FUNGI
Fill in the blank to complete each statement.
1. fungus. 2. Except for the simplest fungi, the cells of most fungi are arranged in structures called . 3. The three major groups of fungi are classified by the appearance of their structures. 4. Unicellular yeast cells undergo a form of budding. 5. A(n) bacteria that live together. reproduction called , such as those that grow on fruit and stale bread, are a type of

consists of a fungus and either algae or autotrophic

If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
6. Fungi are prokaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and use spores to reproduce. Fungi need dry, cool places in which to grow. Fungi may act as decomposers and recyclers. Certain fungi can fight or cause disease. Decomposers build up chemicals in dead plant and animal matter.

7. 8. 9. 10.

Evolution and Classification

On a separate sheet of paper, describe the role structure plays in determining evolutionary relationships between organisms.

29C

Name

Date

Class

Evolution and Classification

Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.

1. How has the theory of evolution changed how biologists classify organisms?

2. Describe how a branching tree diagram is organized.

3. On a branching tree diagram, which characteristics probably developed the earliest?

4. What are two methods scientists use to determine the evolutionary history of a species?

Building Vocabulary
On a separate sheet of paper, write a definition for each of these terms.

5. shared derived characteristic 6. convergent evolution 7. branching tree diagram

Domains and Kingdoms

On a separate sheet of paper, describe the classification of organisms into domains and kingdoms.

25C

Name

Date

Class

Domains and Kingdoms

Understanding Main Ideas
Identify the kingdom to which the following organisms belong by writing protist, fungi, plant, or animal in the spaces provided.

1. mushroom 2. horse 3. redwood tree 4. seaweed 5. yeast 6. dog 7. dandelion 8. human

Building Vocabulary
Write a definition for each of these terms on the lines below.

9. nucleus

10. prokaryote

11. eukaryote

Classifying Life

On a separate sheet of paper, describe how a classification system works to organize living things. Then compare the classification system developed by Carolus Linnaeus with the classification system used by biologists today.

21D

Name

Date

Class

Classifying Life
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.

1. Describe the contributions to modern classification made by Carolus Linnaeus.

2. Describe the modern system of classification.

Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

classification binomial nomenclature genus taxonomy species

a. naming system developed by Linnaeus b. process of grouping things based on their similarities c. a group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce d. first word in an organisms scientific name e. the scientific study of how things are classified

What Is Life?

On a separate sheet of paper, describe living things in terms of their characteristics, needs, and origin.

13D

Name

Date

Class

What Is Life?
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are six characteristics all living things share? 2. How did Redis experiment help disprove the idea of spontaneous generation? 3. What are the four basic needs all living things must satisfy? 4. Describe the difference between growth and development.

Building Vocabulary
Fill in the blank to complete each statement.

5. A change in an organisms environment that causes the organism to react is called a(n) . 6. Organisms that make their own food are 7. 8.
organisms are composed of many cells. is the mistaken idea that living organisms arise from nonliving sources. is the basic unit of structure and function .

9. The in an organism.

10. Organisms that get energy by consuming other organisms are . 11. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a(n)
.

12. In a(n) , a scientist carries out a series of tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor, which is the manipulated variable. 13. An organisms ability to maintain stable internal conditions is called . 14. To the parents.
is to produce offspring that are similar to