YAGIUDA ARRAY ANTENNA

Group Consisting Of Students:Rakesh kumar singh (0801215006) Sushil kumar kaushik (0801215013) Waseem ahmad (0801215320)

Under The Guidance Of:Prof. J. N. Mohanty (H.O.D EN&TC)

Objective:Often one needs to improve reception of a particular radio or television antenna because of their simplicity and relatively high gain. The goal of the project is to design and obtain the radiation pattern of a yagiuda array antenna which covers all the VHF &UHF frequencies. We will obtain Radiation pattern 3-dB beamwidths Front-to-back ratio Directivity Input impedance Gain

Problem Statement:The use of parasitic elements and various stacking arrangements causes a reduction in the radiation resistance of a center-fed, half-wave antenna. Under these conditions obtaining a proper impedance match between the radiator and the transmission line is often difficult. A convenient method of overcoming these difficulties is to use a FOLDED DIPOLE in place of the center-fed radiator. .A FOLDED DIPOLE is an ordinary half-wave antenna that has one or more additional conductors connected across its ends. Additional conductors are mounted parallel to the dipole elements at a distance equal to a very small fraction of a wavelength. Spacing of several inches is common. The feed-point impedance can be further increased by using three or four properly spaced parallel conductors. Our challenge is to make such an antenna that will cover a high range of frequencies ,so we decided to make the elements of antenna collapsible one.We can also vary the distance between the elements for maximum directivity and high gain.So we are using the telescopic antenna for variation of elements. Current antenna testing at MegaWave is performed by placing the antenna to be tested onto a rotating pedestal. The pedestal is manually rotated every 5 to 10 degrees for 360 degrees. A source antenna is used to measure the radiated power from the antenna under test. Both antennas are connected to a network analyzer which obtains the gain of the antenna by radiating from the source antenna and measures the gain of the antenna under test. At each degree increment, measurements are taken from the network analyzer. The individual testing the antenna must walk back and forth between the antenna under test and the network analyzer repeatedly for every measurement taken.

Approach:The basic geometry of a Yagi-Uda antenna is shown below-

Figure 1. Geometry of Yagi-Uda antenna. The Yagi antenna consists of a single 'feed' or 'driven' element, typically a dipole or a folded dipole antenna. This is the only member of the above structure that is actually excited (a source voltage or current applied). The rest of the elements are parasitic - they reflect or help to transmit the energy in a particular direction. The length of the feed element is given in Figure 1 as F. The feed antenna is almost always the second from the end, as shown in Figure 1. This feed antenna is often altered in size to make it resonant in the presence of the parasitic elements (typically, 0.45-0.49 wavelengths long for a dipole antenna). The element to the left of the feed element in Figure 1 is the reflector. The length of this element is given as R and the distance between the feed and the reflector is SR. The reflector element is typically slightly longer than the feed element. This element is important in determining the front-to-back ratio of the antenna. Having the reflector slightly longer than resonant serves two purposes. The first is that the larger the element is, the better of a physical reflector it becomes. Secondly, if the reflector is longer than its resonant length, the impedance of the reflector will be inductive. Hence, the current on the reflector lags the voltage induced on the reflector. The director elements will be shorter than resonant, making them capacitive, so that the current leads the voltage. This will cause a phase distribution to occur across the elements. This leads to the array being designated as a travelling wave antenna. By choosing the lengths in this manner, the Yagi-Uda antenna becomes an end-fire array - the radiation is along the +y-axis as shown in Figure 1..