Correlation Analysis Measure the strength or closeness of the relationship between the variables.

es. Magnitude of association is measured by the absolute value of r that can range from 0.00 to 1.00; the greater the absolute value of r, the stronger the relationship between two variables. There are two types of variables involve in a relationship are independent variable and dependent variable. Range of Values of Correlation Coefficients Range of Values 1.00 0.91 to 0.99 0.71 to 0.90 0.51 to 0.70 0.31 to 0.50 0.01 to 0.30 0.00 Pearson product moment correlation Determines the strength of the linear relationship or association between two variables that have been measured at the interval or ratio level.

Description Perfect positive/negative correlation Very high positive/negative correlation High positive/negative correlation Moderately positive/negative correlation Low positive/negative correlation Negligible positive/negative correlation No correlation

r =

where:

x = observed data for the independent variable y = observed data for the dependent variable n = sample size r = degree of relationship between x and y

Sample Problem 1 A research study was conducted to determine the correlation between students grades in English and their grades in Mathematics. A random sample of 10 students of Nursing of a certain university was taken and the results of the sampling are tabulated below. Use the 5% level of significance. Student No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Solution: r = 10 (71236) (847) (838) [ 10 (72067) (847)2] [ 10 (70480) (838)2] x 93 89 84 91 90 83 75 81 84 77 y 91 86 80 88 89 87 78 78 85 76 xy 8463 7654 6720 8008 8010 7221 5850 6318 7140 5852 x2 8649 7921 7056 8281 8100 6889 5625 6561 7056 5929 y2 8281 7396 6400 7744 7921 7569 6084 6084 7225 5776

r =

712360 709786 [ 720670 717409] [ 704800 702244]

2574 (3261)(2556)

2574 8335116

2574 2887.1

= 0.8916

Computation for t-test: t = r = 0.89 = 5.52

Since 5.52 > 2.306, reject Ho and accept Hi. Therefore, the relationship is significant at the o.05 level. It means that there is a real correlation between the grades in English and the grades in Mathematics. Spearmans rho Correlation Coefficient Measure of association between two variables which are both measured at least in the continuous ordinal scale; that is the individuals under study can be ranked in two ordinal series. To compute Spearmans rho, the cases are first ranked from the highest to the lowest on each variable and then ranks are compared and manipulated to produce final measure.

Formula: r = 1Sample Problem 2 Using the data in Sample Problem 1, solve for the Spearmans rho correlation coefficients. English Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Solution: r = 1= = = 1 11 0.11

X 93 91 90 89 84 84 83 81 77 75

Rank 1 2 3 4 5.5 5.5 7 8 9 10

Mathematics y Rank 91 1 88 3 89 2 86 5 80 7 85 6 87 4 78 8.5 76 10 78 8.5

D 0 -1 1 -1 -1.5 -0.5 3 -0.5 -1 1.5

D2 0 1 1 1 2.25 0.25 9 0.25 1 2.25 18.00

r = 0.89