Subjective Type 1.

Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10

Opening Stem: : Find the number of triangles whose angular points are at the angular points of a polygon of n sides, but none of whose sides are the sides of a polygon. Correct Answers: Explanation: Number of triangles formed by n vertices of a polygon = ( )( )

Number of triangles having only one side of a polygon = n(n-4)

Number of triangles having two sides of a polygon = n

Therefore the required number is = -n(n-4)-n

)(

= (
Reference: MTG

)(

Subjective Type 2 Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : There are n points in a plane which are joined in all possible ways by indefinite straight lines and no two of these lines are parallel and no three of them meet in a point. Find the number of points of intersection excluding the given points. Correct Answers: Explanation: Number of lines formed by joining n given points =

( )(

)(

)(

Since no two lines are parallel or no three lines are concurrent, The number of points of intersection of these lines =

But each of the given points is counted as point of intersection 1)straight lines pass through each point.

times, since

(n-

Therefore the required number is

)(

)1

= ( )(
Reference: MTG

)(

)(

Subjective Type 3. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : There are n intermediate stations on a railway line from Delhi to Mumbai. In how many ways can a train stop at 3 of these stations if no two of these stopping stations are to be consecutive. Correct Answers: Explanation: We have to select 3 stations out of n having no two consecutive stations. Let stations before station, let be the number of stations between and number of stations between and , and stations after Now be the number of station, be the

And

Number of solutions to the above equations is = co-efficient of ) = co-efficient of = co-efficient of = co-efficient of = = Reference: R.D. Sharma in in ( in ( ( ) ) ) in ( )( )( )(

Subjective Type 4. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Prove Explanation: = = = = = = = = ( Reference: MTG ( ( ( ) , ( ) 0 )(
( )

) ) )
( ( ) )

) ) 1

)( ( )

Subjective Type 5. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Show that the number of combinations of n letters out of 3n letters of which n are as, n are bs and the rest unlike is ( Correct Answers: Explanation: The number of combinations is = co-efficient of = co-efficient of = co-efficient of = co-efficient of = co-efficient of = = = ( ( ) ) in *( in ( in , in in ( ( ( ) ) ( ) ( )- ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) )( )( ) + ( ) )

Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 6. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Six Xs have to be placed in the squares of the figure below, such that row contains at least one X. In How many different ways can this be done?

Correct Answers: 26 Explanation: The different possibilities one by one as given below First row Second row Third row Number of selection of squares

1 1 2 2

4 3 3 2

1 2 1 2

=4 =8 =8 =8

Total number of ways = 26 Reference: R.D. Sharma

PassageType 7. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Questions 7-9 are based on following passage. Given two sets, A = * + and B = * + answer the following questions.

1. How many functions can be defined from A to B?

a. b. 125 c. d. Correct Answers: C Explanation: According to definition of function, every element in A should have only one image in B. The number of functions that can be formed = = Reference: MTG . . = 243 . .

Passage Type 8. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : 2. How many of these will be onto? Answer Choices: a. b. 160 c. d. Correct Answers: A Explanation: To be an onto function, the condition required is f(A) = B case1: Number of functions where f(A) has any two elements of B = = 96 Case 2: Number of functions where f(A) has two elements of B = 3 Number of onto functions = 243 96 + 3 = 150

Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 9. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : 3. In how many functions f( ) = Answer Choices: a. 81 b. 80 c. 60 d. 96 Correct Answers: A Explanation: When f( ) = , there are 4 elements in f(A) that need to be mapped, )

the number of ways that the other 4elements mapped to B is = ( = 81 Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 10. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Show that the number of combinations of n things taken r at a time is greatest when r = nCn/2. When r is even
=

or

when r is odd.

Explanation:
n

Cr = (n(n-1)(n-2)....(n-r+2)(n-r+1))/(1.2.3...(r-1)r)
n

and Therefore

Cr-1 = (n(n-1)(n-2)....(n-r+2))/(1.2.3...(r-1))
n

Cr = nCr-1 (2-r+1)/r = nCr-1(((n+1)/r)-1).

The multiplying factor (n-r+1)/r may be written as (((n+1)/r) - 1), which shows that it decreases as r increases. Hence as r resumes the values 1, 2, 3,...... in succession, nCr is continually increased until (((n+1)/r) - 1) becomes equal to 1 or less than 1. Now (((n+1)/r) - 1) > 1 So long as (n+1)/r) - 2 i.e (n+1)/r) - r . Since We have to choose the greatest value of r consistent with this inequality. (1) Let n be even, and equal to 2m, then (n+1)/2 = (2m+1)/2 = m+(1/2) ; and for all values r up to m (inclusive of m) this is greater than r. Hence by putting r = m = n/2 , we find that the greatest number of combination is nCn/2.

(2) Let n be odd, and equal to 2m + 1; then (n+1)/2 = (2m+1)/2 = m+1 ; and for all values of r up to m (inclusive of m) this is greater than r, but when r = m + 1 the multiplying factor becomes equal to 1, and nCm+1 = nCm; that is the greatest number of combinations is
( )

Reference: R.D. Sharma

Subjective Type 11. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10

Opening Stem: : You are asked to organise a party in Mumbai, a total of 496 guests are to join
the party. Six restaurants A, B, C, D, E and F are booked. Capacity of each restaurant is 120, 146, 46,

72, 72, 80 at a time respectively. You have to arrange the guests in the above six restaurants such that each restaurant has least possible number of guests. How would you do so? Correct Answers: 496! / (46!(72!)2 .2!80!(113!)2.2!)

Explanation:

Equal division minimizes the number of guests in each group. But: 496/6 = 82.6 > 46 Therefore C has least capacity of 46 and is not capable to accommodate 82 guests. Hence let us group for it first i.e. 46 guests get accommodated. Guests left 450 But 450/5 = 90 > 72 Next D and E each require smallest group 72, 72 D 72 Guests left 306 E 72 Restaurant left A B and F Restaurant left A B D E and F

Now F is the least left for grouping, so assigning 80 to F. Guests left Restaurant left

226

A and B

Now Therefore 226/2 = 113 < 120 and each of A and B is capable of accommodating to this. Hence, A 113 B 113 But not A 120 B 106 As in the case A does not have minimum possible number of guests. Hence, we grouped 496 guests into 46, 72, 72, 80, 113 and 113 each. No. of ways of doing so = 496! / (46!(72!)2 .2!80!(113!)2.2!) Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 12. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10

Opening Stem: : A student is to attempt an examination which has 4 papers, of which three papers
have a maximum of 50 marks and fourth has a maximum of 100 marks. Find the number of ways the student can sc ore an aggregate of 60%. Correct Answers: 110551 Explanation: Aggregate of marks 50 3 + 100 = 250 Therefore 60% of the aggregate = 3/5 250 = 150 Now the number of ways of getting 150 marks in the aggregate = coefficient of x150 in (x0 + x1 +.........+ x50)3 (x0 + x1 + x2 +......+ x100) = coeff. of x150 in ((1 - x51)/(1 -x))3 ((1 - x101)/(1 - x)) = coeff. of x150 in (1-x51)3(1-x101)(1-x)-4 = coeff. of x150 in (1-3x51 + 3.x102 - x153)(1-x101)(1-x)-4 = coeff. of x150 in , -,
( )( )

= 1.(151.152.153)/6 - 3(100.101.102)/6 - 1(50.51.52)/6 + 3(49.50.51)/6 = 151.76.51 - 100.101.51 - 50. 17.26 + 49.25.51 = 57 (151.76 - 100 - 101) + 17 (49.25 - 50.26) = 51 (11476 - 10100) + 17 (3675 - 1300) = 51.1376 + 17.2375 = 70176 + 40375

= 110551. Reference: R.D.Sharma

Passage Type 13. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Questions 13-15 are based on following passage

The Apollo mission to land men on moon made use of a system whose basic structure is shown in the figure below..

For the system to operate successfully, all the components must operate properly. Let us identify each component as either operable(O) or inoperable(i). Thus the sequence OOOOi denotes the state in which all components except the LEM engine are operable. The mission is at least deemed partially successful if the 1st 3 components are operable. The mission is total success if and only if all the components are operable. The time taken by the two to collide is

1. What is the total number of states possible? Answer Choices: a. b. c. d. Correct Answers: A Explanation:

There are five components in the above process and each stages has two states, Therefore the total number of states = ( = = )( )( )( )( )

Reference: MTG

Passage Type 14. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: :

2. How many states are possible in which the LEM engine is inoperable? Answer Choices: a. b. 16 c. 8 d. 12 Correct Answers: B Explanation: Given that, the LEM engine is inoperable. There are still 4 components which are either operable or inoperable. The required number of states = ( = Reference: MTG )( )( )( ).1

Passage Type 15. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: :

3. How many states represent only partially successful mission? Answer Choices: a. b. 4 c. 8 d. 3 Correct Answers: D Explanation: For the mission to be partially successful are operable.

Therefore the number of states in which the mission is partially successful is = ( )( )( )( =4 In these states there also exists a completely successful state. So , the number of states which are only partially successful = 4-1 = 3 )( )

Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 16. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A bag contains n red balls and m blue balls, k < (n, m) balls are drawn and laid aside, their color being ignored. Then one more ball is drawn. Find the probability that it is red. Correct Answers: Explanation: Let denotes that out of 1st k balls drawn, i balls are red. Let A denote the event that ( ) ball

drawn is also red. We have now ( ) = ( ) = ( ) , where

And Now

( ( )

.0
)

= = =
Also, ( ( Co-efficient of ) ( )

)( in the above expansion is

 Again, the co-efficient of Therefore Therefore ( ) in the expansion of ( = ) is

Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 17. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : An artillery target may be at point I with probability or at point II with probability . We have 21 shells which can either be fired at point I or II. Each shell may hit the target independently of other shell with probability . How many shells must be fired at point I to hit the target with maximum probability? Correct Answers: 12 Explanation: Let A denote the event that the target is hit when x shells are fired at point I. Let be the event that shell is fired at point I. Let be the event that shell is fired at point II. We have ( ) . / . / And ( ) =
( )

) . / . /

( 0

) . / . / 1 1 [

) . / . / [ . / ] ]

0. /

Now we must have

( )

also Hence ( ) is maximum when

( )

Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 18. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A fair coin is tossed 12times. Find the probability that two heads do not occur consecutively. Correct Answers: Explanation: Total number of outcomes = Let =

denote the number of outcome in which two consecutive heads do not occur when the

fair coin is tossed n times. ... (1) For if the last outcome is T, then we cannot have two consecutive heads in the first ( ways. If the last outcome is H, we must have T at the (n-1)th toss )

tosses. This can happen in

and we cannot have two heads in the first (n-2) tosses. This can happen in Ie. .... ways.

Hence the required probability is Reference: MTG

Subjective Type 19. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Let X be a set containing n elements. If two subsets A and B of X are picked at random, then what is the probability that A and B have same number of elements. Correct Answers: Explanation: We know that the number of subsets of a set containing n elements is Therefore the number of ways of choosing A and B = We also know that the number of ways of choosing A and B so that they have the same number of elements is ( ) ( )
( ( )

(
)(

)
)

)-

Thus the required probability of event is = Reference: MTG

( )

Subjective Type 20. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Four tickets marked 00, 01, 10 and 11 respectively are placed in a bag. A ticket is drawn at random five times , being replaced each time. Find the probability that sum of numbers on the five tickets drawn is 24. Correct Answers: Explanation: Number of ways of drawing five tickets

So, total number of elementary events Favorable number of elementary events number of ways of getting 24 as the sum of numbers on the five tickets ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ) )

Hence, required probability = Reference: FIITJEE

Subjective Type 21. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Three six faced dice are thrown together. Find the probability that the sum of numbers appearing on them is
( )( )

Correct Answers: Explanation:

The total number of events associated to the random experiment of throwing three dice is

Favourable number of events = = = = = =

( )( ) ( )( )

( . ( ( , ) / )( )

, ( )

Hence the probability of given event

)(

Reference: R.D.sharma

Subjective Type 22. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : An even number of cards is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that half of these cards are red and the other half are black. Correct Answers: D Explanation: the number of ways of drawing even number of cards is

( ,

) ]

There are 26 red cards and 26 black cards. Therefore the total number of ways of drawing cards such that half of them are red and half of them are black is

( ,(

) )

( (

) ) (

( ) )

) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ]

[since ( So, favorable number of ways = Hence, the required probability Reference: R.D.Sharma

Passage Type 23. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Questions 23-25 are based on the following passage : A is a set containing n elements. A subset P of A is chosen at random. The set A is reconstructed by replacing the elements of P. A subset Q is again chosen at random. 1. What is the probability that P and Q are disjoint sets.

Answer Choices: a. . / b. . / c. . / d. . /

Correct Answers: D Explanation: The set A has n elements. So, it has can be chosen in Therefore, sets P and Q can be chosen in ways. ways. subsets. Therefore set P can be chosen in set Q

Suppose P contains r elements , where r varies from 0 to n, then P can be chosen in

For Q to be disjoint from A, it should be chosen from the set of all subsets consisting of remaining nr elements. This can be done in . Therefore P and Q can be chosen in

But r can vary from 0 to n. Therefore, the total number of ways of selecting P and Q such that they are disjoint is Hence required probability Reference: R.D. Sharma ( ) . /

Passage Type 24. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : 2. Find the probability that Answer Choices: a. . / b. . / c. . / d. . /

Correct Answers: A

Explanation: The total number of ways of selecting P and Q such that P=Q is Hence required probability = Reference: R.D.Sharma

Passage Type 25. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : 3. Find the probability that P and Q have equal number of elements Answer Choices: a. b. c. d. Correct Answers: C Explanation: If P contains r ( ) elements , then Q also must contain r elements. In this case the

number of ways of choosing P and Q is ( But r can vary from 0 to n. Thus the number of ways of choosing P and Q is ( ) ) .

Hence, required probability = Reference: R.D.Sharma

Subjective Type 26. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : In how many ways, can three girls and nine boys be seated into two vans, each having numbered seats, 3 in the front and 4 at the back? How many seating arrangements are possible if 3 girls should sit together in the back row on adjacent seats? Now, if all the seating arrangements are likely, what is the probability of 3 girls sitting in a back row on adjacent seats? Correct Answers:

Explanation: Each van has 7 seats. So, there are 14 numbered seats in two vans. The number of ways of arranging in which 3 girls and 9 boys can sit on these seats

So, total number of seating arrangements = In a van 3 girls can choose adjacent seats in the backrow in 2 ways(1,2,3 0r 2,3,4). So, the number of ways in which 3 girls can sit in the back row on adjacent seats ways The number of ways in which 9 boys sit in the remaining seats ways

So, the number of which 3girls and 9 boys can sit in two vans such that the girls are on the adjacent seats at the back row ( ) Hence required probability Reference: R.D.Sharma ( )

Subjective Type 27. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A contest consists of predicting the result (win, draw or loss) of n football matches. What is the probability that an entry consists of at least m correct answers? Correct Answers:

Explanation: Since each match can be predicted in one of the 3 ways, Total number of ways of predicting the results ways

The total number of ways in which r matches are predicted correctly and the rest (n-r) matches are predicted in correctly is

But, r can vary from m to n. So, total number of ways in which atleast m are correct is Hence, the required probability Reference: R.D.Sharma

Subjective Type 28. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A fair coin is tossed 2n times. Find the probability of getting as many heads in the first n tosses as the last n. Correct Answers:

Explanation: The total number of possible outcomes of 2n tosses is Therefore, total number of elementary events In n tosses of a coin r heads can be obtained in ways, where

Therefore the number of ways of getting r heads in the first n tosses and the last n tosses is ( But, r may vary from 0 to n, Therefore the number of ways of getting equal number of heads in the first n tosses and the last n tosses is ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) )

Hence, required probability Reference: R.D.Sharma

Subjective Type 29. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : If n biscuits are distributed among N beggars, find the chance that a particular beggar will get r (<n) biscuits Correct Answers:
( )

Explanation: Since a biscuit can be given to anyone of N beggars. Therefore each biscuit can be distributed in N ways. So, the total number of ways of distributing n biscuits to N beggars is

Now, r biscuits can be given to a particular beggar in biscuits can be distributed to (N-1) beggars in ( ) ways.

ways and the remaining (n-r)

Thus, the number of ways in which a particular beggar receives r biscuits is ( Hence, required probability Reference: R.D.Sharma
(

)
)

Subjective Type 30. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: PROBABILITY Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Three distinct integers are selected at random from integers 1 to 20. Find the probability that their sum is divisible by 5. Correct Answers: D Explanation: Divide the integers from 1 to 20 into the following groups. Remainder when divided by 5 : : : : : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 16 1 2 3 4 5

We observe that the sum of three numbers chosen will be divisible by 5, if they are chosen from or one from one from , one from or one from and one from , one from or two from and one from or two from and

and one from (

. Therefore ) ( )

Favorable number of elementary events

Hence, required probability = Reference: R.D.Sharma

Column Type 31. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY(POINTS) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Match the following to exact polar co-ordinates Column I Cartesian Coordinates A B C D ( ) P Q R S T U Column II Polar coordinates

Answer Choices: a. b. c. d. Correct Answers: B Explanation: To convert Cartesian Coordinates to Polar , , i.e substitute and

A. B. (R) C. D. Reference: Self made

=> (

(Q) ) =>

(P) (U)

Subjective Type 32. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (POINTS) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : The coordinate axes are rotated by some angle without shifting the origin. The equation . Now prove that . in the anticlockwise direction becomes

Explanation: Since the axes are shifted by and in anticlockwise direction,

( ( (

( ) (

)( )

( )

Hence,

Thus, Hence proved. Reference: S.L. Loney

Column Type 33. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (POINTS) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A equation of a side of square makes an angle the vertex ( ). The length of the side is . Column I A B C D The vertex opposite to (2,3) The vertex adjacent to (2,3) Equation of diagonal passing through (2,3) Equation of diagonal not passing through (2,3) T U V Correct Answers: A-P,R B-S,U Explanation: Since the side is at an angle C-Q D-T, V ( ) P Q R S ( ( ) ) ( ) Column II with x-axis and passing through

to the x-axis, The diagonals are parallel to the axes.

Two squares are possible one above and one below. The equation of line passing through ( And the other line is Putting ) is and and

in both the equations we get all points of the squares. ) is and , other diagonal is distance above and below the point ( . )

Diagonal passing through ( parallel to x-axis. i.e

Reference: Self made.

Subjective Type 34. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : In a ABC, where If the area of the ( ) ( ) ( ) and point lies on the line ,

be such that , -

, where , - denotes the greatest integer

function, find all possible coordinates of A. Explanation: Since ( ) lies on => Thus ( )

Area of triangle | |

( Since , ( Solving we get, Thus the values of Hence the coordinates are ( Reference: S.L.Loney ) ( ) ( ) ( or

Subjective Type 35. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Using homogenization, find the condition in a and b, such that the line Intercepts two lines subtend right angle at the origin. Explanation: The pair of lines ( )( i.e ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) and at two points A and B which

Now homogenize the equation using Thus, ( ( ( ) ( )

Now we have a pair of lines passing through origin, for them to be perpendicular ,

This is the required condition. Reference: S.L.Loney

Subjective Type 36. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Find the point P on the line ( ) and ( ). such that is maximum, where A is

Explanation: Let Then

Thus maximum value is possible only if P lies on . Thus the point of intersection of the two lines and is the required point P. The point is ( ).

Reference: R.D.Sharma

Assertion-Reason Type 37. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Given Statement I : . Statement II : For any value of , Answer Choices: a. Statement I is true, Statement II is true. Statement II is the correct explanation of statement I. b. Statement I is true,Statement II is true Statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I. c. Statement I is true, Statement II is false. d. Statement I is false, Statement II is true. Correct Answers: B Explanation: Both statements are true. Let ( The line Hence . ) be the point of intersection of . ) and represents a straight line. and . and

, gives the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of

always passes through this point because at (

Reference: Self-made

Multiple Answer Type 38. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : The family of straight lines relation Answer Choices: a. ( b. ( c. ( d. ( ) ) ) ) where parameters satisfy the

are concurrent. The point of concurrency is

Correct Answers: A,C Explanation:

) and . ). ).

from First equation the point is (

From second equation comparing it with the family of straight lines the point is (

Reference: FIITJEE

Passage Type(questions from 9-11 are one passage) 39 Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : The path traced by a point under a given set of conditions is called locus. The relation which satisfies every point on the locus is called equation of the locus. 1. A straight line passes through a fixed point ( drawn to it from the origin is Answer Choices: A. B. C. D. ). The locus of the foot of the perpendicular

Correct Answers: A Explanation: Equation of any line passing through ( Let ( ) is ( ) ( ).

) be the foot of perpendicular from origin O.

Slope of OP is Slope of OP Slope of line

) also lies on the line.

Thus (

Since (

) is the required locus , replace it with (

Reference:, FIITJEE

Passage Type 40 Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : 2. Two points ( locus of R is Answer Choices: a. b. c. d. Correct Answers: B Explanation: Let Slope of ( ) also ( ) and . Then , ) and ( ) are give. R is a variable point such that is . The

Given, (
(

)
)

Since (

) is the locus replace it with (

Reference: FIITJEE

Passage Type 41. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : 3. The locus of the point of intersection of the lines where is a variable is and ,

Answer Choices: a. b. c. d. Correct Answers: A Explanation: Let ( ) be the point of intersection.

Squaring and adding both equations we eliminate .

Replace (

) by (

Reference: S.L.Loney

Assertion-Reason Type 42. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Statement I :The homogenous equation through origin. Statement II : The line represents two lines where

represents a pair of lines passing

and

which r passing through origin,

and

Answer Choices: a. Statement I is true, Statement II is true. Statement II is the correct explanation of statement I. b. Statement I is true,Statement II is true Statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I. c. Statement I is true, Statement II is false. d. Statement I is false, Statement II is true. Correct Answers: C Explanation:

. /

. /

or Where,

, and,

Reference: Self-made

Subjective Type 43. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (STRAIGHT LINES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Prove that the equation ( mutually equally inclined lines. Explanation: Since the given equation is homogeneous cubic equation it represents three lines passing through origin. Let one of the lines be ( ) then, ( ( ) ) ) represents three

These are the three angles the lines make with x-axis. Reference: S.L.Loney

Subjective Type 44. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Find the equation of a circle passing through the point ( tangent to the straight line Correct Answers: Explanation: Let ( ) be the centre and A, B be the given points then . and ) ( ) and

Where p is perpendicular from the centre to the tangent ...(1) ( ) ( ) .

..... (2)

Now eliminate k and you will find . Therefore,

Hence the circles are (

, which on simplification come out to be as

And Reference: M.L.Khanna

Subjective Type 45. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A circle touches the sides AB and AD of a rectangle at P and Q respectively and passes through the vertex C. If the distance of C from PQ is 5 units, then prove that the area of rectangle is 25 sq. units

Explanation: Let the sides AB and AD be chosen along the axes so that it is (h,h) h . ( ) ( ) ... (1)

Also equation of PQ by intercept form is .... (2) As AP = AQ = h Let the vertex (a, b) whose distance from PQ is 5, given

... (3)

We have to find the area of the rectangle i.e. ab Again (a, b) lies on circle (1) Therefore ( ) ( ( ) )

Putting the value of (h) from (3) ( ( ) ) ( ( )( ) ) ( ( ) ( ) ) ( )

area of rectangle. Reference: M.L.Khanna

Subjective Type 46. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLE) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : The two circles and meet in

points P and Q. Parallel are drawn through P and Q to meet the circles in points R and S. Prove that the locus of midpoint of RS is a circle ( ) .

Explanation: The two circles meet at P(0,c) , Q(0,-c) . any line through P is

..............(1) Where m is variable and c is intercept on y-axis and parallel line through Q is .....(2) (1) meets
(

in point R
) ( )

R is 0 (2) meets S is 0
(

in point S,
) ( )

If (x,y ) be the midpoint of RS then

( ) ( )

In order to find the locus we have to eliminate the variable m. Dividing we get Putting in any we get . / ( )

Reference: M.L.Khanna

Subjective Type 47. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Let C be any circle with centre ( ). Prove that at most two rational points can be there on C. (rational point is a point whose both co-ordinates are rational numbers)

Explanation: let the circle be Or ( )

Where s is either rational or irrational. Now let (h,k ) be any rational point on it, then Case I. (s rational): Equating rational and irrational parts , therefore , , i.e. ( ) ....(1)

If s is a perfect square , then h will be rational. Thus there will be two rational points on it. But if s is not perfect square , then these points will be irrational Case II. (s irrational): Comparing rational and irrational in (1) , we get and Therefore and hence s=0 which is contradiction as s is irrational. Thus by case I ,

there will be only two rational points on it. Reference: Previous IIT Question.

Integer Value Type 48. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : Two circles each other and the coordinates of the point of contact is ( Correct Answers: Zero ( 0 ) Explanation: Centers Radii ( ) and and ( ) ( ) ( ) internally in the ratio . and ). The value of 5A-10B is touch

Let P be the point of contact. Then P divides the line joining the centers The coordinates of P is ( )

Thus, Reference: Self-made

49. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : A point ( ) of the circle is at a constant distance . /. from the

extremities of the chord AB. Show that the equation of the chord is

Explanation:

Since

is isosceles , therefore AB is perpendicular to PO whose equation is

Equation of AB is

Now,

Substituting this we get the required equation. Reference: FIITJEE

50. Name of Exam: IIT- JEE/AIEEE Subject: Mathematics Topic: TWO DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY (CIRCLES) Author: Sai Aditya Raman Complexity Rating : 10 Opening Stem: : The chord of contact of tangents drawn from any point on the circle to the circle Explanation: ( ) is on touches the circle . Show that a, b, c are in G.P. (a>b)

Therefore , chord of contact is It touches

Therefore a, b, c are in G.P Reference: M.L.Khanna, IIT Mathematics.