SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN DERMA 01000 KANGAR , PERLIS.

NAME FORM IC NO.

: ABDUL KARIM BIN ZAKARIA : 4 HARMONI :

TEACHER : PN. NOORHAZITA BT. ABD. RAHIM

1.0 INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS

Communications is about the transfer of information from a sender, across a distance, to a receiver. Using electricity, radio waves or light, information and data in the form of codes are transmitted through a physical medium such as wire, cable, or even the atmosphere. The information that is transmitted (sent) can be text, voice, sound, video, graphics and images, or a combination of all these, which we call multimedia. We transmit information or data by using two types of signals, namely analog and digital.

Computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices. For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras. Using hardware and software, these interconnected computing devices can communicate with each other through defined rules of data communications. In a network, computers can exchange and share information and resources. A computer network may operate on wired connections or wireless connections. When two or more networks are linked or connected and are able to communicate with one another using suitable hardware and software, it is called an internetwork.

2.0 MOBILE COMPUTING

2.1 DEFINITION
Mobile Computing is a generic term describing your ability to use technology 'untethered', that is not physically connected, or in remote or mobile (non static) environments. The term is evolved in modern usage such that it requires that the mobile computing activity be connected wirelessly to and through the internet or to and through a private network. This connection ties the mobile device to centrally located information and/or application software through the use of battery powered, portable, and wireless computing and communication devices. This includes devices like laptops with wireless LAN or wireless WAN technology, smart mobile phones, wearable computers and Personal Digital Assistant (PDAs) with Bluetooth or IRDA interfaces. Mobile computing also defined as generic term describing one's ability to use technology while moving as opposed to portable computers, which are only practical for use while deployed in a stationary configuration..

2.2 SPECIFICATION, SERVICES, AND FREQUENCIES OF MOBILE COMPUTING

BlackBerry Bold 9790

SPECIFICATION

This PDA phone is priced reasonable, this awesome mobile device is absolutely fantastic to watch. Expensive looks, futuristic design and most of all, loaded with all kinds of possible state of art technologies. Slim and ultra-elegant, this mobile handset is an eye-catcher at the first glance. Large display screen with QWERTY keyboard and the trackball navigation features make it an extraordinary mobile phone. The BlackBerry Bold 9790 also comes with huge memory space that allows you to store unlimited number of video and music files. There is also a 5.0 megapixels camera that can help you to make a photo-trail of the magical moments that you spent with your near and dear ones .This phones weight is 107 g. The standby time of the battery is on the higher side (approximately 408 hours), so without worrying enjoy the companionship of this mobile phone for longer time. The ringtones in this phone is in polyphonic and MP3. Color and clarity come to life. The screen of the BlackBerry Bold 9790 smartphone catches the eye and is designed to deliver color and clarity that exceed expectations. From the moment you turn it on, youll be blown away by explicit color and quality. This phone also have 3G technology and HSPDA capability up to 7.2 Mbps.

SERVICES
There are many services that this phone have. We can call, sending SMS and MMS using this phone. One of the services is GPS and BlackBerry Maps. You can know where you stand. With built-in GPS capabilities, and BlackBerry Maps, you get turn-by-turn directions, so you can pinpoint where you are right now and where you need to be. This phone also have Wi-Fi. It is simple and straightforward. Lower your cellular costs and get service in areas where cellular network coverage may be limited or unavailable, with BlackBerry data services over Wi-Fi networks. Besides that, this phone also have Mobile Streaming. The built-in mobile streaming capabilities on the BlackBerry Bold smart phone are designed so that you can watch online videos or listen to streamed music broadcasts. Access information and fun without using up the memory on your BlackBerry smart phone. Wireless Email also available in this PDA phone. We also can get online with the web browser that comes in this phone. You also can do file editing using this phone. With WordToGo and SlideshowToGo, you can work on Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint slides while youre on the go.

FREQUENCIES
The BlackBerry Bold 9790 smartphone was designed to take advantage of the speeds available on the HSDPA network. Together, this high speed network and the 2100/1900/850/800 - MHz processor help support your need to multitask and prioritize with access to your voice and data services at the same time. The range of wireless options that this quad-band (GSM 850/900/1800/1900) BlackBerry Bold offers. The most catchy item is the HSDPA/UMTS (850/900/1800/1900) support that it's known for. This is what everyone's been looking forward tothe first-ever BlackBerry. A lot other treats await you such as the built-in Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g), Bluetooth 2.1 with full A2DP and EDR support, and the integrated GPS (enhanced and assisted). The RIM BlackBerry Bold 9970 is compacted with a Marvell Tavor MG1 1 GHz processor, as compared to the previous BlackBerrys which were equipped with the 624MHz processors. This technically means that you're up to grab a faster and more explicit level of performance. Additionally, there's the 8GB of on board memory, all complemented by the micro SD/SDHC expansion slot (supports up to 16GB cards). In terms of quality and performance style, this is a piece that's certain to rock your world.

3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES 3.1 VoIP

VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. It is also referred to as IP Telephony or Internet Telephony. It is another way of making phone calls, with the difference of making the calls cheaper or completely free. The phone part is not always present anymore, as you can communicate without a telephone set. VoIP has a lot of advantages over the traditional phone system. The main reason for which people are so massively turning to VoIP technology is the cost. VoIP is said to be cheap, but most people use it for free. If you have a computer with a microphone and speakers, and a good Internet connection, you can communicate using VoIP for free. This can also be possible with your mobile and home phone.

3.2 BLOG

A blog (short for weblog) is a personal online journal that is frequently updated and intended for general public consumption. Blogs are defined by their format: a series of entries posted to a single page in reversechronological order. Blogs generally represent the personality of the author or reflect the purpose of the Web site that hosts the blog. Topics sometimes include brief philosophical musings, commentary on Internet and other social issues, and links to other sites the author favors, especially those that support a point being made on a post. The author of a blog is often referred to as a blogger. Many blogs syndicate their content to subscribers using RSS, a popular content distribution tool.
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4.0 TYPE OF NETWORK 4.1 PAN

A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network organized around an individual person. Personal area networks typically involve a mobile computer, a cell phone and/or a handheld computing device such as a PDA. You can use these networks to transfer files including email and calendar appointments, digital photos and music. Personal area networks can be constructed with cables or wirelessly. USB and FireWiretechnologies often link together a wired PAN while wireless PANs typically use Bluetooth or sometimes infrared connections. Bluetooth PANs are also called piconets. Personal area networks generally cover a range of less than 10 meters (about 30 feet).

4.2 VPN

A VPN supplies network connectivity over a possibly long physical distance. In this respect, a VPN is a form of Wide Area Network (WAN). VPNs enable file sharing, video conferencing and similar network services. Virtual private networks generally don't provide any new functionality that isn't already offered through alternative mechanisms, but a VPN implements those services more efficiently / cheaply in most cases. A key feature of a VPN is its ability to work over both private networks as well as public networks like the Internet. Using a method called tunnelling, a VPN use the same hardware infrastructure as existing Internet or intranet links. VPN technologies includes various security mechanisms to protect the virtual, private connections.
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4.3 WLAN

A WLAN provides wireless network communication over short distances using radio or infrared signals instead of traditional network cabling. A WLAN typically extends an existing wired local area network. WLANs are built by attaching a device called the access point (AP) to the edge of the wired network. Clients communicate with the AP using a wireless network adapter similar in function to a traditional Ethernet adapter.

Network security remains an important issue for WLANs. Random wireless clients must usually be prohibited from joining the WLAN. Technologies like WEP raise the level of security on wireless networks to rival that of traditional wired networks.

4.4 WIMAX

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless industry coalition dedicated to the advancement of IEEE 802.16 standards for broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. WiMAX supports mobile, nomadic and fixed wireless applications. A mobile user, in this context, is someone in transit, such as a commuter on a train. A nomadic user is one that connects on a portable device but does so only while stationary -- for example, connecting to an office network from a hotel room and then again from a coffee shop. Fixed wirelesstypically refers to wireless connectivity among non-mobile devices in homes or businesses.

5.0 CONCLUSION OF COMPUTER NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS

As a brief conclusion, computer network and communication are expanding rapidly each and every day making sharing of information million times better than before. Mobile computing is now getting edgier day by day. New technologies are being implemented, tested and apply into mobile computing making our generation and the future era of modern technologies to be one step closer. The Internet is also getting better along the lines of the information age. Meanwhile, types of network available for us are adding up on top of making computer networks and communications as the new mens best friend.

REFERENCE 1. www.scribd.com 2. www.malaysianwireless.com 3. www.techtarget.com 4. www.about.com 5. www.cmvlive.com 6. www.imcc.com.my 7. www.gsmarena.com 8. www.techradar.com 9. www.en.wikipedia.org