Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3 CASE SUDY
3.1 Location of Study Area
The Guangdong-ong Kong-Macao (Yue-Gang-Ao)
area mentioned in this paper means "the Broad Zhu-
jiangRiverDelta"thatincludesongKongandMacao
special administrative regions as well as the Zhujiang
RiverDeltaarea. AsilluminatedinFig. 1, wecantake
theEnglishletter"A"todescribethespatialrelationship
among these cities in the "the Broad Zhujiang River
Delta"asIollowing: thepeakisthebroadGuangzhou
!
that is on the north edge oI the Zhujiang River Delta,
thepointontheleItisMacao, which islocatedtothe
westoItheZhujiangRiverentranceinthesouthernChi-
na, thepointontherightisongKongthatislocated
on the shore oI the South China Sea and to the east oI
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Urban ourismResearchMethodology ACase StudyoIGuangdong-HongKong-Macao Area
Table1PresentsituationoIthetourismdevelopmentoIGuangdong-HongKong-Macaoarea
Regionorcity LiIecycleoItour-
ismdevelopment
Advantage Problem
HongKong Maturity International tourismcenteraswellasthe most popu-
lartourismdestinationinAsiawithintersectionoIori-
entaland western culture, developed urban services,
Iast development, and the honors oI "moving city",
"shopping paradise" and "city oI dainty Iood"
Straitness oI space, shortage oI natural resources,
weakness oI central position in Iinancing
Macao Maturity Resort Ior leisure and vacation as well as international
tourism gambling city, with the intersection oI Chinese
traditional cultureandPortuguese culture, and Euro-
peancharacteristic construction, and quiet and com-
Iort,beautiIullandscape
Resort Ior leisure and vacation as well as interna-
tionaltourismgamblingcity, withtheintersection
oI Chinese traditional culture and Portuguese cul-
ture, andEuropeancharacteristicconstruction, and
quietandcomIort,beautiIullandscape
Zhujiang River
Delta
Growing VastterritoryandbeautiIulmountainsandrivers, lots
oI placesoI interests, resorts and historic sites, and
abundanttourismresources, anduniquearchitectures,
culturesandarts,customs,daintyIoodsaswellasspe-
ciallocalproducts
Requiringtoextendinternationalmarketandinter-
national tourism, and changethe situation oI the
resourcesstagnation, and improve the urban ser-
viceindustry
Fig.1SketchoIregionstructureoI
Guangdong-HongKong-Macao
theentranceoItheZhujiangRiver,therightpointoIthe
horiontallineisShenhen, andtheleItoneisZhuhai
(HUANG,2003).
3.2 Preent Situation of Tourim Development
Thetourism industryin Yue-Gang-Aoareahasexperi-
enced a very Iast development due to the abundant
tourismresources, superiorlocationandtransportation
conditions, outstanding tourism images (Table 1) and
goodcooperationhistory(Table2).Accordingtostatis-
tics, Guangdongportreceived55.63!10
6
touristsIrom
Hong Kong at an increasing rate oI 8.7 compared
with last year, and received 18.04 !10
6
tourists Irom
Macao at a increasing rate oI 18 compared with last
year. In2002, therewere3.124!10
6
tourists IromChi-
nesemainlandtoHongKongand2.347!10
6
tourists to
MacaothroughtheGuangdongport. Chinesemainland
has been the main tourists origin Ior Hong Kong and
Macao.SoGuangdong,HongKongandMacaoarevery
closely related as they have been tourists' origins and
destinationseachother.
Viewing Irom the tourism industries oI the broad
ZhujiangRiver Delta, thecomprehensive cooperation
oI tourism industries oI Guangdong, Hong Kong and
Macaohasplayedaparticulargreatroleontheeconom-
icgrowthandamalgamationoIthesethreeareas. They
have achieved the cooperation oI the whole area in
tourists' origin, market and tourism resources. They
havereasonableindustrystructure, thecomprehensive
industry layout up and down and detailed market seg-
mentation. ItisbecauseoItheadvantageoIgeography
andculture that Guangdonghasbeenthe province that
receivesthemostoIinboundtourists(especiallytourists
IromHongKongandMacao) Ioryears, alsothereare
millions oI tourists Irom Chinese mainland to Hong
KongandMacao, whichactivatethetourismandeco-
nomic developmentoI these two areas. Meanwhile, as
international tourist cities, Hong Kong and Macao
transIer quite a number oI international tourists to
GuangdongProvince, especiallythecitiesintheZhu-
jiang River Delta and even the Iarther hinterland
(YANG,2003).
Asgaininggreateconomicadvantage,thetourismde-
velopment oI Yue-Gang-Ao area also shows another
Iact that with the strengthening oI opening oI home
tourismmarketandinternationalcooperationaIterjoin-
ingWTO, Ioreigncapitaltourismindustries, which
have powerIul Iinancing and complete marketing net-
works,havegraduallyenteredhomemarketsandshow-
edgreatcompetitiveadvantagesonbusinesstourismand
outboundtourism, thereIorebroughtnewpressuresand
challengesontourismindustryoIYue-Gang-Aoarea.
3.2.1 Weken/ng af camprt/re geagrphy drn-
tges
Geographic Iactors have been the greatest advantages
IorYue-Gang-AotourismareaIoralongtime.Thanks
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to the dvantage oIgeographicloction, theZhujiang
River Delta attracts numbers oI tourists Irom Hong
Kong,MacaoandTaiwan,eventheSoutheastAsiaand
Europeand America. And HongKong and Macao,as
internationalcities, caterIoranumberoIinternational
businesstourists.ButwiththeIoreigncapitalmanuIac-
ture's moving northward and the Iormation oI new man-
uIacture belt at JiangsuandtheChangjiang (Yangtze)
River Delta, Hong Kong'spositionastheIinancingcen-
ter decreases and the number oI international business
touristshasbeendecreasingearbear.Instead,Iami-
lvisitorshavebeenthemaintouristsoIthesethreear-
eas.TheweakeningoIgeographicadvantagesresultsin
thelackoIregionalcompetitiveness.
3.2.2 V/c/as cyc/e f /ncmpact /nner stractare
Sincethe1980s,theeconomiccooperationoI Yue-
Gang-Ao area is Iounded on spontaneous interactive
baseatalowlevel. Thestagnation, malIunction and
misgovernment oI inIormation result in the vicious c-
clesinmanaspects,suchasreconstructionoIresour-
ces,unIavorableccleoIIundsandsoon.Soacommon
problemIacingallcitiesoIYue-Gang-Aoareaishowto
change the present situation to attain the collective eI-
Iect oI tourism development in Yue-Gang-Ao area and
increase the comprehensive attractiveness oI the whole
areaandachievethegoaloIsustainabledevelopmentoI
tourism.
3.3 Reginal Perspective f Turism Develpment
Asthe earliest and mostmature tourism area oIChina,
Yue-Gang-Aoareahasmaturetourismcooperation and
high extent oI attracting and utilizing Ioreign capital.
ThereIore,thereisstillgreatpotentialIortourismcoop-
erationinYue-Gang-Aoarea.
3.3.1 Strengthen/ng attract/reness f symb/ resarces
The opening oI Disne World in Hong Kong in 2005,
theplanningoI"OrientalMonteCarlo"gamblingcitin
MacaoandthedevelopmentoIcitiesclusterintheZhu-
jiang River Delta will constitute the new smbol re-
sources oI Yue-Gang-Ao area. The Disne World oI
HongKongisthe main project oIurban tourism image
construction oIHongKongas"MovingCit"intheIu-
ture, whichistouseDisne'sIamiliarandIriendlim-
ages to attract Iamil vocation and recreation tourists.
With the opening polic oI tourism in Guangdong
Province and the building oI Hong Kong-Zhuhai
-Macao Bridge in the Iuture, Hong Kong will attract
more andmore touristsIromthe Zhujiang River Delta,
especiall the white-collars oI Guangzhou and Shen-
zhen. MacaoisIamousIoritsgamblingindustrandis
oneoIthetopIourgamblingcitiesintheworld. Since
openingoIgamblingright, introducing intothecompe-
tition sstem and building up the new image oI gam-
blingcit, Macaodevelopscomprehensivetourismb
openingtourismthatmainlIacestoIamil'sshorttime
recreationortakingaholida.Nolandresourcesrestric-
tion in Guangdong and abundant resources in the Zhu-
jiangRiverDeltaaswellasthenewlburgeoningcities
belt,makethesupplementoItourismresourcesoIHong
KongandMacaoandconstitutethesmbolresourcesoI
the Zhujiang River Delta together the new image oI
"Iamilholida"recreationarea.
3.3.2 Great ptent/a/ f tar/sts markets
TheZhujiangRiverDeltaownsgreatpotentialoIpopu-
lation resources. There are 38.477 !10
6
citizens in
Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Huizhou, Dongguan
andZhongshan together. Meanwhile, the eight cities
makeuptheclusteroIcitiespossessingthemost deve-
loped econom and the highest living level, adding
Hong Kongand Macao in, all these citiesleadto the
bloomingtourismconsumptionoIthisarea.Withthe
subscriptionoI1234%5 673,38&7 905:,%54-&; "550,<%-
8%,: =%:>%%, 1-&,%4% ?0&,20,@ 0,@ )3,< A3,<
(CEPA), thepeopleoIChinesemainlandwerepermit-
tedtogotoHongKongIortourism. Atthesametime
the implement oI 24-hour opening oI the customs in-
creases the inbound and outbound eIIectiveness oI the
tourists Irom Chinese mainland. The subscription oI
CEPApredicatesanewhistoricaldevelopment stageoI
tourismcorporationoIYue-Gang-Aoarea. Thetourist
originexchange,cooperationandtherecurrentdevelop-
mentoIYue-Gang-Ao areawillalsoplaagreaterpart
inactivatingtheeconomoIthesethree areas. There-
Iore,Yue-Gang-Aoareawillkeepitssuperioritaslong
as the innovate new production and maintain the
wholeattractivenessoItheregion.
Table2Inboundtouristandrevenuein2001
No. Cit Internationaltourismrevenue(!10
6
US$) Increasingrate() Inboundtourist(!10
6
) Increasingrate()
1
2
3
4
5
HongKong
Macao
Guangzhou
Shenzhen
Zhuhai
7808.00
2160.00
1651.68
1510.56
433.80
9.4
9.5
9.7
6.6
10.1
14.0750
11.5300
4.4237
4.2387
1.0991
7.8
12.2
5.1
6.6
12.8
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Urban ourismResearchMethodology ACase StudyoIGuangdong-HongKong-Macao Area
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1/2 41*&(1.3
There is a developed transportation networks among
Guangdong,HongKongandMacao.Theyhavethebest
transportation conditions in landway as well as water-
way in China. Recently the tourism transport oI the
western part oIGuangdongProvince has beenalso im-
proved.Thereareseveralexcellentdeep-waterharbors,
highwaynetworks and Iive large international airports,
whichmakeupthesuperiorityoIcollectinganddispers-
ingtouristsandmaterialsoIthethreecities. Especially
GuangzhouandHongKong, which work asthe gate-
waysandhubsoIthisarea,playgreatpartinorganizing
domesticandinternationaltouristsandmaterials.