ANDHRA PRADESH

HISTORY
An Andhra Kingdom was mentioned in the Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana and Mahabharata. Inscriptional evidence showed that there was a kingdom in coastal Andhra ruled by Kuberaka with Pratipalapura (Bhattiprolu) as his capital in 5th century BCE. This probably was the oldest known kingdom in south India. Around the same time Dhanyakatakam/Dhranikota seemed to be a very important place. According to Taranatha: "On the full moon of the month Chaitra in the year following his enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka, the Buddha emanated the mandala of "The Glorious Lunar Mansions" (Kalachakra)[2][3]. The Mauryans extended their rule over Andhra in 4th century BCE. With the fall of the Mauryan Empire Andhra Satavahanas became independent in 3rd century BCE. After the decline of the Satavahanas in 220 CE, Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Vishnukundinas, Anandagotrikas and Cholas ruled the Telugu land. Inscriptional evidence of Telugu was found during the rule of Renati Cholas (Kadapa region) in 5th century CE[citation needed]. During this period the Telugu language, emerged as a popular medium undermining the predominance of Prakrit and Sanskrit[citation needed]. Telugu was made official language during Vishnukundina Kings[citation needed] who ruled from Vinukonda as the capital. Eastern Chalukyas ruled for a long period after the decline of Vishnukundinas. Their capital was Vengi. As early as 1st century CE, they were mentioned as being the vassals and chieftains under the Satavahanas and later under Ikshvakus. The battle of Palnadu resulted in the weakening of Chalukyan power and emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty in the 12th and the 13th centuries CE. The Kakatiyas were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. In 1323 CE, Delhi Sultan Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country and capture Warangal. King Prataprudra was taken prisoner. Musunuri Nayaks recaptured Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate and ruled for fifty years. The Vijayanagar empire, one of the greatest empires in the history of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and India, was founded by Harihara (Hakka) and Bukka, who served as commanders in the army of the Hoysalas or were employed as treasury officers of the Kakatiyas of Warnagal. In 1347 CE, an independent Muslim state, the Bahmani kingdom, was established in south India by Alla-ud-din Hasan Gangu as a revolt against the Delhi Sultanate. The Qutb Shahi dynasty held sway over the Andhra country for about two hundred years from the early part of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century. In Colonial India, Northern Circars became part of the British Madras Presidency. Eventually this region emerged as the Coastal Andhra region. Later the Nizam had ceded five territories to the British which eventually emerged as Rayalaseema region. The Nizams retained control of the interior provinces as the Princely state of Hyderabad, acknowledging British rule in return for local autonomy.

India became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947. The Muslim Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain his independence from India, but his state of Hyderabad was forced to become part of the Republic of India in 1948 as Hyderabad State. In an effort to gain an independent state, and protect the interests of the Telugu people of Madras State, Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu fasted until death. Public outcry and civil unrest after his death forced the government to announce the formation of a new state for Telugu speakers. Andhra attained statehood in October 1953. On 1 November 1 1956 Andhra State merged with the Telangana region of Hyderabad State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh, which would be mainly Telugu-speaking. Hyderabad, the former capital of the Hyderabad State, was made the capital of the new state Andhra Pradesh.

GEOGRAPHY

Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline in India of 970 kilometres[4] and can be broadly divided into three unofficial geographic regions, namely Kosta (Coastal Andhra), Telangana and Rayalaseema
Coordinates: 172158N 782834E17.366, 78.476

Time zone Area Capital

IST (UTC+5:30) 275,068 km (106,204 sq mi) Hyderabad

Largest city Hyderabad District(s) Population Density 23 76,210,007 (5th) 277/km (717/sq mi)

Language(s) Telugu, Urdu Governor Chief Minister Established Legislature (seats) Narayan Dutt Tiwari Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy November 1, 1956 Bicameral (295+90)

ECONOMY

AGRICULTURE
Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the state's economy. Two important rivers of India, the Godavari and Krishna, flow through the state, providing irrigation. Rice, sugarcane, cotton, mirchi and tobacco are the local crops. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The state has also started to focus on the fields of information technology and biotechnology. In 2004 - 2005, Andhra Pradesh is at the fifth position in the list of top IT exporting states of India. The IT exports from the State were Rs.1,800 million in 2004. But by a percentage increase of 52.3% every year, the IT exports reached Rs.19,000 million in 2006 - 2007 and ranked fourth in India. The service sector of the state already accounts for 43% of the GSDP and employs 20% of the work force.

MINERAL WEALTH

Andhra Pradesh is a mineral rich state, ranking second in India in terms of mineral wealth. For example, the state has about one third of India's limestone reserves, at about 30 billion tonnes. The state ranks first nationwide in hydro electricity generation with national market share of over 11%. Andhra Pradesh's gross state domestic product for 2005 is estimated at $62 billion in current prices. This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Andhra Pradesh at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. Andhras Annapurna Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam built across Krishna River in Nagarjuna Sagar, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the world's tallest masonry dam, at a height of 124 metres and creates a reservoir holding up to 11,472 million cubic metres.

Nagarjuna sagar, worlds largest masonry dam It is one of the earliest irrigation and hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda District, Prakasam District, Khammam District and Guntur District. The right canal (AKA "Jawahar canal") is 203 km long and irrigates 1.113 million acres (4,500 km) of land. The left canal (AKA "Lalbahadur Shastri canal") is 295 km long and irrigates 1.03 million acres (4,200 km) of land. The project transformed the economy of above districts. The hydro electric plant has a power generation capacity of 815.6 MW with 8 units(1x110 MW+7x100.8 MW).

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

Andhra Pradesh has a Legislative Assembly of 294 seats. The state has 60 members in the Parliament of India: 18 in the Rajya Sabha, Upper House and 42 in the Lok Sabha, Lower House. Andhra Pradesh had a series of Congress governments till 1982. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy held the record for the longest serving chief minister which was broken by Nara Chandrababu Naidu. P.V. Narasimha Rao also served as the chief minister for the state, who later went on to become the Prime Minister of India. Among the notable chief ministers of the state are Tanguturi Prakasam, CM for only the Andhra state, Sanjiva Reddy, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Marri Chenna Reddy, Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy, N.T. Rama Rao, Nara Chandrababu Naidu and Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy.

DIVISIONS
Andhra Pradesh can be divided into four governance regions, namely Coastal Andhra, Uttarandhra or North Cosatal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana.[14] Andhra Pradesh has 23 districts: 1. Adilabad 2. Anantapur 3. Chittoor 4. Kadapa 5. East Godavari 6. Guntur 7. Hyderabad 8. Karimnagar 9. Khammam 10. Krishna 11. Kurnool 12. Mahbubnagar 13. Medak 14. Nalgonda

15. Nellore 16. Nizamabad 17. Prakasam 18. Rangareddi 19. Srikakulam 20. Visakhapatnam 21. Vizianagaram 22. Warangal 23. West Godavari

IMPORTANT CITIES
A list of the most important cities in the state:

Hyderabad is the capital and with the adjoining twin city of Secunderabad, is the largest city in the state. Guntur is the heart of tobacco, mirchi and cotton industries, features many nearby ancient sites(A,N,S,B). Tirupati is the place of richest temple in the world and the most visited pilgrimage site in India. Vijayawada is an important trading centre and a prominent railway junction. Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh's main seaport, is home to the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command. Warangal is one of the oldest cities in the state with a history of 800 years. It was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty.

TRANSPORT

Railways
1. South Central Railway 2. South Eastern Railway

Airports
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hyderabad Shamshabad (Expected to start from March 2, 2008) Visakhapatnam Vijayawada (Gannavaram) Rajahmundry (Madhurapudi) Tirupati (Renigunta)

Government also have plans to start airports in 6 other cities including Nellore, Warangal and Kadapa.

Road
Andhra Pradesh Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) is the major public transport corporation owned by government of andhra pradesh connecting all the cities and villages. APSRTC has also the distinction of being in the Guinness book of World records for having the largest fleet of vehicles, and the longest area covered/commuted daily (Rahil). Apart from this thousands of private operators run buses connecting major cities and towns of the state. Private vehicles like autorickshaws occupy a major share of the local transport in the cities and adjoining villages.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Telugu is the regional and official language of the state, spoken by 84.86% of the population. Telugu is the second largest language in India. The major linguistic minority groups in the state include the speakers of Urdu(7.86%), Hindi(2.65%) and Tamil(1.27%) The minority language speakers who constitute less than 1% are the speakers of Kannada(0.94%), Marathi(0.84%), Oriya(0.42%), Gondi(0.21%) and Malayalam(0.1%). The speakers of minority languages who constitute less than 0.1% are the speakers of Gujarati(0.09%), Savara(0.09%), Koya(0.08%), Jatapu(0.04%), Punjabi(0.04%), Kolami(0.03%), Konda(0.03%), Gadaba(0.02%), Sindhi(0.02%), Gorkhali / Nepali(0.01%) and Khond / Kondh(0.01%). Telugu Other languages Total Hindu Muslim Christian 79% 1% 3.5% 7%1 8%2 0.5%3 0.5% 16% 86% 9% 4% 1% 100%

Other religions 0.5% Total 84%

CULTURE
Music

The state has a rich musical heritage. All three legends of the Carnatic Music Trinity Thyagaraja, Shyama Sastri and Muthuswami Dixitar were of Telugu descent. Other great composers include Annamacharya, Kshetrayya, and Bhadrachala Ramadasu. Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna is a contemporary legend.

Literature
Nannayya, Tikkana, and Yerrapragada form the trinity who translated the great epic Mahabharatha into Telugu. Bammera Potana is another great writer famous for his great classic Sri Madandhra Maha Bhagavatamu, a Telugu translation of Sri Baghavatham by Veda Vyasa in Sanskrit. Modern writers include Jnanpith Award winners Sri Viswanatha Satyanarayana and Dr. C.Narayana Reddy.

Dance

Kuchipudi, the traditional dance of Andhra Jayapa Senani (Jayapa Nayudu) is the first person who wrote about the dances prevalent in Andhra Pradesh. Both Desi and Margi forms of dances have been included in his Sanskrit treatise 'Nritya Ratnavali'. It contains eight chapters. Folk dance forms like Perani, Prenkhana, Suddha Nartana, Carcari, Rasaka, Danda Rasaka, Shiva Priya, Kanduka Nartana, Bhandika Nrityam, Carana Nrityam, Chindu, Gondali and Kolatam are described. In the first chapter the author deals with discussion of the differences between Marga and desi, tandava and lasya, Natya and nritta. In the 2nd and 3rd chapters he deals with angikabhinaya, caris, Sthanakas and mandalas. In the 4th Chapter Karnas, angaharas and recakas are described. In following chapters he described the local dance forms i.e. desi nritya. In the last chapter he deals with art and practice of dance. Classical dance in Andhra can be performed by both men and women, however women tend to learn it more often. Kuchipudi is the state's best-known classical dance forms of Andhra Pradesh. The various dance forms that existed through the states's history are

Chenchu Bhagotham, Kuchipudi, Bhamakalapam, Burrakatha, Veeranatyam, Butta bommalu, Dappu, Tappeta Gullu, Lambadi, Bonalu, Dhimsa, and Kolattam.

STATE SYMBOLS

State language - Telugu State symbol - Poorna Kumbham State song - Maa telugu thalliki by Sankarambadi Sundarachari State animal - Blackbuck, (Krishna Jinka) State bird - Indian Roller, (Paala Pitta) State tree - Neem (Vepa) State sport - Kabaddi, in Telugu Chedugudu State dance - Kuchipudi, Andhra Natyam State flower - Water lily

Temples in the state

Tirupati: Tirupati is the abode for the famous Hindu temple of Lord Venkateswara. It is the richest Hindu religious institution and second richest in the world after the Vatican. It records an annual income of about 100 Billion Rupees (2.5 Billion US Dollars), mostly from offerings by the devotees.

The templeTirumala lit during the night Vemulavada: Notable for the Sri Raja Rajeshwara Swamy Temple complex, a site of pilgrimage for both Hindu (particularly devotees of Vishnu and Shiva) and Muslim worshippers. Built by Chaluka Kings between AD 750 and 975, the complex is named for its presiding deity Sri Raja Rajeswara Swamy, an incarnation of Shiva. It houses several temples dedicated to other deities including Sri Rama, Lakshmana, Lakshmi, Ganapathy, Lord Padmanabha Swamy and Lord Bhimeshwara. The complex also contains a 400 year old mosque. Vijayawada: Vijayawada houses the second biggest and equally famous temple of Goddess Durga also known as Kanaka Durga.

Narayanpet: Sri Sri Sri Sadguru Avadhuth Narasimha Swami Math is located in Narayanpet of Mahabubnagar dist. www.srisadguru.com Srisailam: Abode for Lord Siva worshipped with the name of Mallikarjuna and Goddess Parvathi, worshipped with the name of Bhramaramba. Srisailam has a unique distinction amongst the Hindu temples of the world; it is the only place to be one of 18 Shaktipithas and one of 12 Jyothirlingas. Huge hydro-electric multi-purpose dam has also been constructed at this place on river Krishna. Bhadrachalam: Abode for Lord Rama. The legend goes back a few hundred years. There was a devotee by name Bhakta Ramadas, who was a tax collector in Taneesha (a Muslim ruler of Golkonda)'s government. Apparently he spent all the tax collection money on building a temple for lord Rama, eventually was put in prison by the Taneesha. Bhakta Ramdas has offered his prayers to lord Rama in the form of Kirtanas, and one fine day, lord Rama and his brother Lakshmana come in disguise to re-pay the money to Taneesha. Taneesha finally realized his mistake and from that day, not only freed Bhakta Ramadas, but also agreed to supply the required alms for the temple at Bhadrachalam. Till date, in independent India, the state administration maintains the ritual. Srikalahasti: SriKalahasti is one of the Panchabhoota Sthalams signifying the 5 elements, 1) wind (Kalahasti), 2) water (Thiruvanaikaval), 3) fire (Tiruvannamalai), 4) earth (Kanchipuram) and 5) space (Chidambaram) that Siva embodies. Ahobilam: Ahobilam or Ahobala is a complex of 9 temples of Lord Narasimha. Tandur : Sri Bhavigi Bhadreshar Temple in Tandur Rangareddy Dist of Andhra Pradesh Mangalagiri: A temple town between Vijayawada and Guntur. Adobe of Lord Narasimha. The unique distinction at this shrine is that, the deity is offered payers in the form of 'Panakam' or Jaggery Water. Annavaram: The holy shrine is the sanctum sanctorum of Lord "Satyadeva" or "Satyanarayana". Simhachalam:This holy shrine is the adobe of Lord Narasimha, worshipped in the name of "Narasimha". Pechalakona:It is the place of Penchala Narasimha Swamy Temple. It is located in Rapur mandal of Nellore Dist. Srikakulam: There are two places with the same name in the state. A district and town by the same name on the north east corner of the state as well as a small village on the bank of river Krishna in Krishna district. The village Srikakulam houses the "Andhra Mahavishnu" temple. Legend says that this temple was constructed by the great Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Kingdom.

Ramappa Temple: a beautiful Shiva temple in the temple town of Palampet, near Warangal.

CULTURE INSTITUTIONS
Andhra Pradesh has many museums, including the Archaeological Museum at Amaravati near Guntur City that features relics of nearby ancient sites, the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad, which features a varied collection of sculptures, paintings, and religious artifacts, and the Visakha Museum in Vizag (Visakhapatnam), which displays the history of the pre-Independence Madras Presidency in a rehabilitated Dutch bungalow. Other elements of Culture Bapu's paintings, Nanduri Subbarao's Yenki Paatalu (Songs on/by a washerwoman called Yenki), mischievous Budugu (a character by Mullapudi), Annamayya's songs, Aavakaaya (a variant of mango pickle in which the kernel of mango is retained), Gongura (a chutney from Roselle plant), Atla taddi (a seasonal festival predominantly for teenage girls), banks of river Godavari, Dudu basavanna (The ceremonial ox decorated for door-to-door exhibition during the harvest festival Sankranti) have long defined Telugu culture. The village of Durgi is known for originating stone craft, carvings of idols in soft stone that must be exhibited in the shade because they are prone to weathering.

FAIRS & FESTIVALS

New Year in January Sankranthi in January. Maha Shivaratri in February/March. Ugadi or the Telugu New Year in March/April. Rama Navami celebrated in March/April 9 days after Ugadi. Good Friday in March/April. Varalakshmi Vratham in August. Vinayaka Chavithi in August. Ramzan in October, 2006. Dasara in October. Deepavali in November. Bakrid in December, 2006. Bonalu in Sravanam. (Celebrated in Telangana region). Bathukamma celebrated during September/October in Telangana region. Christmas celebrated in December all over the state.

CUISINE
The cuisine of Andhra is reputedly the spiciest of all Indian cuisine. Even in the state itself there are many variations to the cuisine depending on caste, restrictions, food availability etc. Pickles and chutneys, called pachchadi in Telugu are particularly popular in Andhra Pradesh and many varieties of pickles and chutneys are unique to the state. Chutneys are made from practically every vegetable including tomatoes, brinjals, and roselle (gongura, ). A mango pickle, aavakaaya, is probably the best known of the Andhra pickles. Rice is the staple food and is used in a wide variety of ways. Typically, rice is either boiled and eaten with curry, or made into a batter for use in a crepe-like dish called attu (pesarattu) or dosas. Meat, vegetables, and greens are prepared with different masalas into a variety of strongly flavoured dishes. Hyderabadi cuisine is influenced by the Muslim population, which arrived in Telangana centuries ago. Much of the cuisine revolves around meat. It is rich and aromatic, with a liberal use of exotic spices and ghee. Lamb, chicken and fish are the most widely used meats in the non-vegetarian dishes. The biryanis are perhaps the most distinctive and popular of Hyderabadi dishes.

EDUCATION

Andhra Pradesh is served by more than 20 leading institutes of excellence in higher education. All major arts, humanities, science, engineering, law, medicine, business and veterinary science are offered, leading to first degrees as well as postgraduate awards. Advanced research is conducted in all major areas. Andhra Pradesh has 1330 Arts, Science and Commerce colleges, 238 Engineering colleges and 53 Medical colleges. The student to teacher ratio is 19:1 in the higher education. According to census taken in 2001, Andhra Pradesh has an overall literacy rate of 60.5%. While male literacy rate is at 70.3%, the female literacy rate however is only at 50.4%, a cause for concern. The state has recently made strides in setting up several institutes of high quality. International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) and Indian School of Business (ISB) are gaining international attention for their standards. National Institute of Fashion Technology, Hyderabad (NIFT)[1]is well reputed among those interested in a career in fashion. Major Universities/Institutes in Andhra Pradesh:

Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University: Andhra Pradesh Open University, Hyderabad Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur Andhra University, Visakhapatnam Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad Kakatiya University, Warangal Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad Osmania University, Hyderabad Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur Sri Sathya Sai University, Puttaparthi University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad GITAM University,Visakhapatnam ICFAI University, Hyderabad NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada

TOURISM

Andhra Pradesh is the home of many religious pilgrim centres. Tirupati, the abode of Lord Venkateswara, is the richest and most visited Hindu temple in India. Srisailam, the abode of Sri Mallikarjuna, is one of twelve Jyothirlingalu in India, Amaravati's Siva temple is one of the Pancharamams,and Yadagirigutta, the abode of an avatara of Vishnu, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha. The Ramappa temple and Thousand Pillars temple in Warangal are famous for some fine temple carvings. The state has numerous Buddhist centres at Amaravati, Nagarjuna Konda, Bhattiprolu, Ghantasala, Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta, Bavikonda, Thotlakonda, Shalihundam, Pavuralakonda, Sankaram,Phanigiri and Kolanpaka.

Rishikonda beach The golden beaches at Visakhapatnam, the one-million-year old limestone caves at Borra, picturesque Araku Valley, hill resorts of Horsley Hills, river Godavari racing through a narrow gorge at Papi Kondalu, waterfalls at Ettipotala, Kuntala and rich bio-diversity at Talakona, are some of the natural attractions of the state. Charminar, Golconda Fort, Chandragiri Fort, and Falaknuma Palace are some of the monuments in the state.

HYDERABAD
The eternal city of love, art, and history, flourishing together in perfect harmony making it one of the most enchanting places in the world. Hyderabad's warm hospitality, impressive monuments, mosques, minarets, art and architectural richness, and technological progress will take you through an amazing journey of its glorious past and a spirited voyage into its promising future. Experience a unique blend of the old dominion and rustic charm within the trappings of new age modernity. Hyderabad, the magical name that brings to the mind's eye visions of royal grandeur and leisurely "Nawabi" (kingly) atmosphere. A Vacationer's delight, this legendary city with a 400-year-old history, of the splendour of Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi dynasties, Moghal grandeur, exotic cuisine, and exquisite markets, is world famous for its fascinating contrasts and unrivalled attractions. Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh, is the fifth largest cosmopolitan city in

India. The City thrives with a variety of cultures intermingled into an astounding culture that gives it a distinct identity of its own. This is where tradition fuses with modernity, and heritage structures vie with modern high-rise buildings to add to the beauty of the city. Located in the heart of the Deccan plateau, 1760 ft above the sea level, Hyderabad has an invigorating climate with awe inspiring prehistoric rocks and natural lakes, along with a variety of flora and flauna. Hyderabad offers a variety of tourist attractions ranging from Heritage monuments, Lakes and Parks, Gardens and Resorts, Museums to delectable cuisine and a delightful shopping experience. The city of Hyderabad is a shopper's delight! From the world famous pearls to traditional arts & crafts, from textiles of all modern brand names to ethnic wear, the city offers an astounding variety of shopping. Hyderabad is famous world over for its fabulous diamond markets, glass embedded bangles and the delectable "Hyderabadi Cuisine". It is unique in being one of the few cities where tradition and technology co-exist, a revolution that has already attracted Microsoft and other major MNC's to set their overseas base here. With a dynamic leadership, the state is steering the nation to new dimensions in the fields of Information Technology, Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Business Management, Construction, and more - to emerge as a land of immense business opportunities. The city of smiles, of lights, of a thousand faces. Endearingly called the Pearl City, Hyderabad offers a variety of tourist attractions ranging from Heritage monuments, Lakes and Parks, Gardens and Resorts, Museums to delectable cuisine and a delightful shopping experience. Some of the tourist attractions include... Charminar: The Charminar is as much the signature of Hyderabad as the Taj Mahal is of Agra or the Eiffel Tower is of Paris. Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah, the founder of Hyderabad, built Charminar in 1591 at the centre of the original city layout. It was said to be built as a charm to ward off a deadly epidemic raging at that time. Four graceful minarets soar to a height of 48.7m. above the ground. Charminar has 45 prayer spaces and a mosque in it. Visitors can view the architectural splendour inside the Charminar. The monument is illuminated in the evenings and a pedestrianisation project around the monument is under implementation.

Golconda Fort: Golconda is one of the famous forts of India. The name originates from the Telugu words Golla Konda meaning Shepherds Hill. The origins of the fort can be traced back to the Yadava dynasty of Deogiri and the Kakatiyas of Warangal. Golconda was originally a mud fort, which passed to the Bahmani dynasty and later to the Qutb Shahis, who held it from 1518 to 1687 A.D. The first three Qutb Shahi kings rebuilt Golconda, over a span of 62 years. The fort is famous for its acoustics, palaces, ingenious water supply system and the famous

Fateh Rahben gun, one of the cannons used in the last siege of Golconda by Aurangzeb, to whom the fort ultimately fell. Sound & Light Show at Golconda Fort The glorious past of Golconda Fort is narrated effectively with matchless Sound and Light effects. The unique Sound & Light Show takes you right back in time, when Golconda was full of life, glory and grandeur.

Qutb Shahi Tombs: The tombs of the legendary Qutb Shahi kings lie about a kilometre away from Banjara Darwaza of the Golconda Fort. Planned and built by the Qutb Shahis themselves, these tombs are said to be the oldest historical monuments in Hyderabad. They form a large group and stand on a raised platform. The tombs are built in Persian, Pathan and Hindu architectural styles using grey granite, with stucco ornamentation, the only one of its kind in the world where an entire dynasty has been buried at one place. Click here to see the virtual tour of Qutb Shahi Tombs

Mecca Masjid: A two hundred yards southwest of the Charminar is the Mecca Masjid, so named because the bricks were brought from Mecca to build the central arch. The Qutb Shahis never finished the building of the mosque, which was completed by Aurangzeb in 1694. Mecca Masjid is poetry in stone, with a hall measuring 67m and soaring to a height of 54m. Fifteen graceful arches - five to each of the three sides, support the roof. Towards the southern end of the mosque lie the marble graves of members of the Asaf Jahi dynasty.

Legislative Assembly: Built in 1913, the building was originally the Hyderabad Town hall. The architecture is a synthesis of Rajasthani and Persian styles, with an all white, aesthetic look. Located adjoining the picturesque Public Gardens, a massive statue of Mahatma Gandhi in a sitting posture is erected at the entrance park to the Assembly.

Osmania University: Established in 1918, it is one of the oldest universities in India. Named after Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan, the university

buildings are splendid, especially the Arts College, which is a perfect example of Indo-Saracenic architecture.

Birla Mandir: This white marble temple of Lord Venkateshwara floats on the city skyline, on Kala Pahad. The idol in the temple is a replica of the one at Tirupati.

Salar Jung Museum: This museum houses one of the biggest one-man collections of antiques of the world by Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III. The objects dart include Persian carpets, Moghal miniatures, Chinese porcelain, Japanese lacquerware, famous statues including the Veiled Rebecca and Marguerite and Mephistopheles, a superb collection of jade, daggers belonging to Queen Noor Jahan and the Emperors Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Aurangzebs sword and many other fabulous items.

Andhra Pradesh State Archaeological Museum: A visit to the Andhra Pradesh State Archaeological Museum is a delight for art lovers. Located in the picturesque Public Gardens, the museum boasts of one of the richest repositories of antiques and art objects in the country. Built in 1920 by the Nizam VII, the museum building itself is a fine example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. The museum contains a Buddhist gallery, Brahmanical & Jain gallery, Bronze gallery, Arms & Armour gallery, Numismatics gallery, Ajanta gallery and more. Adjacent to the State Museum is the Contemporary Art Museum.

The Nizams Silver Jubilee Museum: The stately Purani Haveli, the palace acquired around the year 1750 by the second Nizam, is now converted into a museum with a fascinating collection. The museum exhibits the gifts and mementos presented to the last Nizam on the occasion of the silver jubilee celebrations in 1937. A 1930 Rolls Royce, Packard and a Mark V Jaguar are among the vintage cars displayed. There is an interesting collection of models made in silver of all the prominent buildings of the city and citations in Urdu about H.E.H. Mir Osman Ali Khan, gold burnished wooden throne used for the silver jubilee celebrations, gold tiffin box inlaid with diamonds, and a gold model of Jubilee Pavilion. Birla Planetarium/Birla Science Museum: Birla Planetarium is Indias most modern planetarium and first of its kind in the country. It is equipped with advanced technology from Japan and is built on Naubat

Pahad adjacent to Kala Pahad. And the Science Museum stands tribute to the advancement achieved by Science and Technology. Chow Mohalla Complex: Built in several phases by the Nizams between 1857-1869, this is now one of the heritage buildings. The complex comprises four palaces in Moghal and European styles, of which the main palace is double storeyed with the others being single-storeyed blocks.

Nehru Zoological Park: Spanning 300 lush green acres, the Nehru Zoological Park is a must for nature lovers. It has over 250 species of animals and birds, most of which are kept in conditions as close to their natural habitats as possible. This is the first zoo to create moated enclosures for animals. The Lion Safari Park, Natural History Museum and Childrens Train are the added attractions. APTDC runs an ice-cream parlour and restaurant here. Shilparamam - The Arts & Crafts village: Another attraction at Madhapur beyond Jubilee Hills in Hyderabad is the 30-acre village, which showcases arts and crafts of the country. India is an ocean of various arts and crafts but the talent of most of the artisans and artists goes unrecognized. To encourage them and give the necessary boost to their art, the crafts village hosts annual bazaars, where artists and artisans from all over the country exhibit their talent. Public Gardens Hyderabad has several beautiful gardens, one of the most popular being the Public Gardens, which also encloses the State Legislature, State Archaeological Museum, Jubilee Hall, Jawahar Bal Bhavan and Telugu Lalita Kala Thoranam, an open-air theatre. Boating: AP Tourism operates pedal boats in Public Gardens pond.

Ramoji Film City: A dream world created for the celluloid on a sprawling 1000 acres, with every imaginable set and location, Ramoji Film City on the outskirts of Hyderabad offers facilities to produce any kind of movie. Apart from sets, there are hotels where artistes and technicians can stay. Hitec City: One of the modern monuments of trade and technology, it embodies the newfound attitude of Hyderabad and today finds a place of pride. Situated on the outskirts of

the city, it is the nucleus of Cyberabad, the IT destination in this part of the world. Cyber Towers is the main building here. Lumbini Park: This beautiful entertainment park is situated on the shore of Hussainsagar lake. The landscaping here is a visual treat. A musically synchronized water fountain and a floral clock are major attractions here. Lumbini Park jetty is a major point for pleasure boating of AP Tourism. Hyderabad Botanical Gardens: The first Botanical Gardens in Andhra Pradesh, spread over 120 acres. Already open to public is the first phase, with the completion of some sections. The sections include medicinal plants, timber trees, fruit trees, ornamental plants, aquatic plants and bamboos. The Park has been designed to have large water bodies, rolling meadows, natural forests, rich grasslands and exquisite rock formations. Hussainsagar Lake: Excavated in 1562 A.D. by Hussain Shah Wali during the time of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, the lake has a promenade that is a busy thoroughfare today. Boating and water sports are a regular feature in the Hussainsagar. One of the Worlds tallest monolithic statues of the Buddha stands on the Rock of Gibraltar, in the middle of the lake. Osmansagar Lake: Osmansagar, better known as Gandipet, on the outskirts of Hyderabad is an excellent picnic spot. Osmansagar is one of the two lakes on the citys periphery that supplies drinking water to the great metropolis. The lake is a reservoir created by a dam across the Isa, a tributary of the River Musi. Abutting the lake and the bund are lush gardens that provide the ideal ambience for an outing. Overlooking the lake is the heritage building, Sagar Mahal, built as a resort by the Nizam of Hyderabad and converted now into a lake resort managed by AP Tourism. Shamirpet: Located 24 km to the north of Secunderabad, Shamirpet has a beautiful lake and a deer park. Its peaceful environs make it a great picnic spot. AP Tourism offers comfortable cottage facilities for accommodation, while the forest lodges can be booked with the AP Forest Department office Saifabad. Tourist Cottages.

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Mir Alam Tank: Mir Alam Tank is a large lake adjacent to Nehru Zoological Park. AP Tourism operates boats on the lake, for which one has to enter through the Zoo.

Secret Lake (Durgam Cheruvu): The Secret Lake is situated close to Shilparamam Crafts Village and Hitec City, behind Jubilee Hills. AP Tourism organizes boating in the lake. Something Fishy, a bar Secret Lake (Durgam Cheruvu) KBR National Park: One of the largest parks within the city KBR National Park is a Southern tropical deciduous forest and the last vestigial representative of the endemic flora of Hyderabad region, with over 100 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles and 15 species of butterflies. Mrugavani National Park (Chilkur): Located 25 km. from Hyderabad, the park contains the endemic flora of Hyderabad and is an urban refuge for small mammals like wildboar, jungle cat etc. and birds. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park: Located 15 Km. from Hyderabad, the park has more than 350 black bucks, 400 cheetals and a number of wild boars, small mammals, reptiles and over 100 species of birds.

Resorts & Theme Parks

Ocean Park: Ocean Park is located at Gandipet, 15 km from Hyderabad, in 20 acres of landscaped gardens. It provides a number of amusement rides, water rides and is equipped with facilities like multi-cuisine restaurant. Tel: +91-040-23225660/23223824, Website: www.oceanparkindia.com Snow World: It is the Worlds biggest and Indias 1st Snow Theme Park. The visitors can chill out at minus 5C and go merry with SNOW and have a SNOW-FILLED fun holiday. The Snw Park has achieved yet another milestone by introducing Snow Fall, this is the first of its kind of Snow Fall introduced by any Snow Theme Park or Snow Dome anywhere in the world. Slide and skate on ice and throw snowballs at each other, Enjoy Indias first snow park. Tel: +91-040-27677948, Website: www.snowworldindia.com Treasure Island: A picturesque holiday spot, the Treasure Island, located on 60 acres of landscape at Gandipet, offers a variety of leisure and fun oriented activities - horse riding, billiards, disco, go-karting, swimming pool and so on. Night stay facilities are available for Members Tel: +91-040-23323330

Dhola-ri-Dhani: This is a typical setting recreated with the entire rustic ambience and charm of an ethnic Rajasthani village, situated at Kompally on Medchal Road. Camel rides, puppet shows, folk dances and authentic Rajasthani cuisine give you the taste of the desert State. A large swimming pool, a lake to go boating, an amphitheatre for plays and entertainment programmes add to the ambience. Conferencing and night stay facilities available. Tel: +91-040-27721586/92832086 Pragati Green Meadows & Resorts: Spread over 26 acres and an hours drive from Hyderabad, Pragati Resorts offers facilities like swimming, boating, childrens park, coffee and snack bar, restaurant, conference hall, uniquely designed cottages for overnight stay. Pragati Sparsh, part of Pragati Resorts, set in the sylvan surroundings, offers a complete range of Ayurvedic Treatment and medicines in association with Santigiri Ashram of Kerala and in coordination with the Department of Tourism. Tel: +91-040-23744594/23748745/23743411 Dream Valley Resorts: Nestled amidst lush green environs and located at Gandipet, Dream Valley Resorts is a water theme park with waterslide, cascading waterfalls, water squirts, a 9-hole golf course and go-karting track. Tel: +91-040-55590894 Aalankrita-the Ethnic Gateway: Spread over an area of 10 acres, Aalankrita blends the convenience of a 5-star resort, the ambience of a heritage Aalankrita - the ethnic gateway site and the ethnicity of the times gone by. Located about 16 km from Secunderabad, the facilities here include an air-conditioned conference hall, Well-side Restaurant, a pyramid shaped Meditation Centre, a covered swimming pool for day and night use, a sunken dancing floor, air-conditioned cottages, an antique shop, exhibition hall, walkways and a sprawling open air theatre that can accommodate about 3000 people. Tel: +91-08418-247161/162/199/464 Website: www.aalankrita.com Mount opera It is a huge multi-theme' park. Far from the hustle and bustle of the busy city, this amusement part that offers a variety of entertainment and leisure activities for the entire family. Built on a 50-acre plot, the park has special packages for corporates and non-resident Indians. Tel: +91-925 2722888/999/855,

VISHAKAPATNAM
Imagine golden beaches that stretch as far as your imagination, green hills rising high on the other side, a city thriving on modern industry and commerce in the midst. Add to the scenario a generous mix of ancient Buddhist heritage, geological wonders, famous temples, inviting culture and mesmerizing arts & crafts. Visakhapatnam will better your imagination with all of these and more. It is a city keeping pace with the times, even while preserving its rich past. It is a city painted with industrial revolution, even as it retains its colours of nature. Welcome to one of the most beautiful imprints of civilization on the Indian soil - Visakhapatnam (popularly known as Vizag). The second largest city of Andhra Pradesh and one of the fastest growing cities in Asia. Once a small fishing village, the city today is a busy port endowed with a natural harbor. A number of major industries, ship building yard, a mega oil refinery, a massive steel and power plant make Vizag one of the modern faces of India. However, all the industrial progress of Vizag has taken place in the midst of the aweinspiring Eastern Ghats on one side and the blue waters of Bay of Bengal on the other, giving the city a magical touch. Visakhapatnam is a Tourist Haven! There are number of places of tourist interest in Visakhapatnam right from temples and Buddhist sites to nature spots and beaches. Rushikonda: Just 8Kms from Vizag, Rushikonda beach is a picture perfect setting with golden sands, surf, sea and hill cottages overlooking the grand vista. For lovers of swimming and water sports like skiing and wind surfing, Rushikonda is an ideal destination. At the end of a grueling session, one can always chillout at the bar cum restaurant attached to the cottage. Bhemunipatnam: The 25 Kms stretch of road literally hugging the coastline from Visakhapatnam is simply breathtaking. On the way one can venture into "Erramattidibbalu", beautiful formation of red sand, or the shallow waters of the unending beach. Bheemili a sleepy little town, is the second oldest municipality in the country. The colonial past of the town is evident in the remains of a once thriving Dutch Settlement. River Gosthani at the mouth of which Bheemili lies forms an alluring recess to the town. The important landmarks of Bheemili includes, pilgrimage centers, temples, old churches, clock tower, light house, port and more. Dolphins Nose: It is the most prominent and unforgettable landmark in Visakhapatnam. It is a single and massive hillock of more than 350mts height, resembles the Dolphins nose hence the name. It protects the Visakhapatnam Harbour as well as the Head Quarters of Eastern Naval Command. Visakhapatnam Port Trusts, Light House is situated on top of the hill and guides the approaching ships to Visakhapatnam. The port channel cuts in between three hills which emphasis the lovely topography of Visakhapatnam. Ross Hill, the highest mount named after Mr.

Ross, local authority, who built a house on it in 1864, Darga konda, has a mosque and a shrine of a Muslim sage Ishaque Madina, who was revered for his prophecies. Sri Venkateswarakonda has a temple, which was built by Capt. Blackmoor in 1886. Ramakrishna Beach: It is one of the most prominent beaches on the East Cost. It the most happening place in Visakhapatnam one of the crowed pullers in the city. It is commonly called as R K Beach, which derives its name from the Lord Ramakrishna Mission. The important landmarks in the city viz. Submarine Museum, Visakha Museum, Aquarium, number of road side parks with children play equipments & lawns, War Memorial, statues of eminent personalities and many more are situated in this beach only. Kailasagiri: Kailasagiri Park located on a picturesque hill is truly an outstanding tourist spot in Visakhapatnam city. Located at an altitude of 130mtrs.this hill park faces the Bay of Bengal. The ranges are appropriately named Kailasagiri owing to the presence of the statue of the celestial couple (Siva-Parvathi statue). The high point also gives a panoramic view of the city, its beaches. There is a well-laid road for motorists and steps for pedestrians. The entire area is illuminated and presents a fantastic sight when viewed in the night from any part of the city. While all this makes the ambience suitable for tourism, the presence of huge idol makes the place worth seeing for the devotes. The Titanic view point, manicured lawns and flower beds, food court, a jungle trail, souvenir shop, telescopic viewpoint and many more. The other major attractions are the introduction of Ropeway to the hill, art gallery, and air conditioned Conference Hall & Capsule Lift to the highest view point. Simhachalam: One of the most exquisitely sculpted shrines of Andhra Pradesh, Simhachalam temple is situated 16 km from Vizag among thickly wooded hills. The beautifully-carved pillared Natya mantapa and the 96-pillared Kalyana mantapa bear testimony to the architectural brilliance of temple. The image of the presiding deity, Sri Lakshminarasimha Swamy, is covered by a thick layer of sandalwood paste.

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The Vuda Park: The park named after Mr. N.T. Rama Rao, former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, popularly known as Vuda Park is a heavy crowd puller and has dancing musical fountains, boating facility, skating ring, a well-equipped gymnasium and a stable offering pleasure rides on camels and horses.

Indira Gandhi Zoological Park: Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, situated in between the National Highway -5 & Beach road, spreading over an area of 625 acres, exhibits about 700 animals belonging to about 89 species. The important attractions of the Zoo are Deer Safari, Nocturnal animals, Toy train, Shanty Sarovar view, Zoo van drive and Bay of Bengal view points. Araku Valley: Araku is one of the most important tourist destination in Andhra Pradesh. A pleasant hill station famous for its scenic gardens with lush green nature, valleys, waterfalls and streams. It is situated at a distance of 112 km from Visakhapatnam, The journey to Araku valley on the Eastern Ghats with thick forest on either sides is itself highly interesting and pleasant. The place is over 3200ft. high with a bracing climate. The Botanical Garden at Padmapuram, Government Silk Farm with Mulberry gardens is the live examples to know the socio-economic conditions of the area. Tribal Museum is a biggest attraction of the Araku. Chaaparai, a picturesque place about 15 km from Araku is another picnic spot in this region. One must experience the climatic conditions and the natural beauty of this Valley. The natural beauty of this valley comes alive with the aboriginal tribes who dwell here and who have to this day kept their tradition and culture alive. About 19 tribes inhabit this area. The Dhimsa dance, an age-old folk dance normally performed during Itikala Pongal is now offered in tourists packages everyday. Borra Caves: On the way to Araku Valley, 90 km from Vizag, Borra Caves house spectacular, million-year-old stalactite and stalagmite formations, standing as a testimonial to its pristine glory and age woven into intricate design through the centuries. While the formations resembling mythological characters are an added attraction, illumination of the caves by AP Tourism turns the naturally sculpted glory into a grand visual feast. The nature made Borra Caves are a million and odd years old and said to be discovered by William King in 1807. The river Gostani, beautiful hills and valleys surround these caves. The local tale says, the tribals discovered the caves, when a cow fell into the caves through the hole of the cave. These caves are said have their origin from the river Gosthani. It was said, due to the flow of the river Gosthani through the layers of lime earth, the caves were formed, over the course of millions of years, The 300 ft. thick roofed Borra caves spread over one square km., presenting a mind-boggling and breath-taking display of naturally sculpted splendor. This is truly a worth seeing.

Tyda: Tyda is a small village nestling in the wooded hills of the Eastern Ghats, on the way to Araku from Vizag. Tyda is located 75 kms from Vizag. This place is a natural bounty of flora and fauna, It is now home to an enchanting date with untouched nature. AP Tourism department in association with

the Department of Forests ha established the Jungle Bells Nature Camp, an EcoTourism Resort. The camp provides great view of Eastern Ghats, facilities for trekking, hiking and bird watching in addition to accommodation in log huts amidst serene surroundings. A must see place for nature lovers.

Anantagiri: This place is located at the highest altitude place in Andhra Pradesh. Located on the way to Araku Valley, the entire village is surrounded by coffee plantations, giving you a pleasant feel of natures beauty. Several waterfalls, adorn the hillocks around the Village. A. P. Tourism has developed a beautiful wayside restaurant to cater the needs of the tourist passing through Anantagiri towards Araku. Appikonda: This is a small village situated on the coast of the Bay of Bengal at a distance of 30 kms from Vizag. It assumed religious importance owing to the existence of a Shiva temple containing a life size Nandi carved out of black stone. There are also other small temples around the temple but are mostly covered with sand dunes. The temple contains inscriptions of 12th century A.D. The Shivaratri celebrated here is attended by a large number of devotees. Etikoppaka: Over an hour's drive from Vizag, Etikoppaka is a delightful little village on the banks of river Varaha. The craftment of the village have won fame on a national scale with toys made of soft wood called "Ankudu" and coated with lac. These toys are colourful and depict the rural life in an endearingly simple manner. Submarine Museum: The Indian Navy has installed a decommissioned Submarine I.N.S. Kurusura on the sands of R K Beach, Visakhapatnam as a Museum for the display to the public and tourists as well. This is the first of its kind in the Asia. The aim of setting up of this museum is to create awareness among the public to know how the submarines work during wartime and how the crew takes action etc.

Buddhists Sites
Visakhapatnam is surronded by ancient Buddist sites, most of which have been excavated recently . The imprint of Buddhist legacy is so strong here that the interest of archeologists in this area is growing by the day. Thotlakonda: The Buddhist Complex on the hill-top of Mangamaripeta, known as Thotlakonda lies about 16Kms from Visakhapatnam on Vizag Bheemili beach road. It is picturesquely located on the hilltop at about 128mts. above the MSL. The existence of Buddhist site at locally high

Thotlakonda came to light during an aerial survey undertaken by the Indian Navy. After its discovery, the Government of A.P has declared the site measuring an area of 120 acres on the summit as protected monument during 1978. The excavations that lasted from 1988 to 1992 have exposed structural remains. These remains are classified as A) Religious, B) Secular and C) Civil. These structures include the Stupa, Chaityagrihas, pillared congregation halls, bhandagaras, refectory (bhojanasala), drainage and stone pathways etc. The complex comprises of several structural components such as a Mahastupa, 16 votive stupas, a stone pillared congregation hall, 11 rock-cut cisterns, well paved stone path ways, an apsidal chaitya-griha, 3 circular chaitgya-grihas , two votive platforms, 10 viharas consisted of 72 cells, a kitchen complex with three halls and a refectory (dinning hall) etc. Associated with the above structures were unearthed several inscribed chatra pieces with early Brahmi letters, nine Satavahana and five roman silver coins, terracotta tiles, stucco decorative pieces, sculptured panels, miniature stupa models in stone, Buddha padas depicted with asthamangal symbols, early historic pottery etc.

Bavikonda: Bavikonda, an important Buddhist heritage site located on a hill about 15kms., northeast from Visakhapatnam city. Here the Buddhist habitation is noticed on a 40 acres flat terraced area. Bavikonda in Telugu means a hill of wells. A Hinayana school of Buddhism was practiced here. Bavikonda Monastery flourished between 3rd Century B.C., and 3rd Century A.D., The discovery of relic caskets in Mahachaitya is significant. Bavikonda has remains of an entire Buddhist complex, comprising 26 structures belonging to three phases. A piece of bone stored in an urn recovered here is believed to belong to the mortal remains of the Buddha. It also contains large quantity of ash, charcoal, and earthenware. Three abandoned water tanks were also have been found on this hillock.

Sankaram: A Britisher Alexander Rea unearthed Sankaram, a 2000-yearold Buddhist Heritage site in 1907. Located 40 km from South of Vizag, locally it is known as Bojjannakonda. The three phases of Buddhism viz. Hinayana, Mahayana & Vajrayana flourished here. This complex is famous for its numerous Monolithic Votive Stupas, Rock cut caves, and brick build structural edifices. Excavations yielded several historic potteries, Satavahana coins dating back to the 1st century A.D. several clay tablets bearing figures of Buddha etc. Bojjannakonda, the Eastern one bears richer architecture of the two hills. It presents a picturesque appearance with its Main Stupa on the hilltop and dominating myriads of stupas, mostly rock-cut and rarely brick-built, one above the other. Almost every outcrop and protuberance has been converted boldly into a stupa. Similarly at Lingalakonda, there are innumerable rock-cut monolithic stupas in rows spread all over the hill. Other Attractions are a Maha stupa nearby which yielded a relic casket, 3 chaitya halls, votive platforms, stupas and vajrayana sculptures. A gold coin of Samudragupta dating to 4th century AD was also found at this place. The Vihara was

active for about 1000 years, spanning the Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana phases of Buddhism. This place offers a glimpse into the rich Buddhist heritage and culture is a must see for any tourist. Pavuralakonda: Pavuralakonda or 'the hill of the pigeons' is a hillock lying to the west of Bhimli, at about 24 km from Vizag. The Buddhist setllement found here is estimated to have witnessed human habitation between 1st century BC to 2nd century AD. Sixteen rock cut cisterns for impounding rain water are found on the hillock, which offer a panoramic view of the coastline. Gopalapatnam: Gopalapatnam, situated on the left bank of River Tandava, is a village surrounded by brick built stupas, viharas and other Buddhist remains. Ancient pottery was also excavated from these sites.

NAGARJUNA SAGAR
Nagarjunasagar, a massive irrigation project on the River Krishna, about 150 Km from Hyderabad, has a rich and interesting past. It was a valley in the Nallamala range of the Eastern Ghats with civilizations dating back to thousand of years. recorded history, however, assigns the first signs to the later Satavahanas and subsequently the Ilkshvakus in the third century. The Sriparvata and Vijaypuri of yore were really temples where the famous savant and Bhuddist disciple Archarya Nagarjuna preached the message of the Buddha. The historic location takes its name from the Buddhist saint and scholar Acharya Nagarjuna who is said to have set up a centre of learning here. Today, Nagarjuna Sagar is home to Nagarjuna Sagar Dam - the world's tallest masonry dam that irrigates over 10 lakh acres of land. It was during the building of the dam that the ruins of an ancient Buddhist civilisation were excavated here. Some of the relics unearthed have been carefully preserved on a picturesque island called Nagarjuna Konda, located in the centre of a man-made lake. The vestiges of a sacred Buddhist stupa, vihara, monastries, a university and a sacrificial altar have been carefully reconstructed at Anupu on the east bank of the reservoir

Anupa: To prevent submersion of the outstanding structures in the valley, a rare feat of reconstruction of the remains was taken up. Anupu, 4 Km from the dam site, was chosen for relocation of a Bhuddist University.

Nagaujunakonda: As the area was threatened with submergence by the reservoir, an Archaeological Survey team made determined efforts to virtually transplant nine

monuments from the valley onto Nagarjunakonda. The hill forms an island in the middle of the reservoir. A museum at Nagarjunakonda contains Buddhadatu or Buddist relics to virtually transplant nine monuments from the valley onto Nagarjunakonda. Tiger sanctuary: the largest wildlife sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh lies between Nagarjunasagar and upstream Srisailam. Spread over 3,500 sq.kms, it encompasses thickly wooded hills in five districts- Nalgonda, Kurnool, Mahboobnagar, Guntur and Prakasam

TIRUPATI
Amidst the thickly-wooded hills in Chittoor district lies the temple town of Tirumala with Tirupati at the foothills, the abode of Lord Venkateswara. The range of hills is said to resemble a snake with Tirumala forming the hood. Lord Venkateswara, the residing god, is known as Lord of the Seven Hills and Balaji. Tirupati and Tirumala today are modern destinations of pilgrim tourists. Not only the bliss of a divine 'darshan' but added attractions provided by nature make them the ideal pilgrimage-cum-holiday destination. While Balaji remains the main draw, the beauties of nature and the serene surroundings have made Tirupati today a much visited town. A beautiful road leads up across the Seven Hills to Tirumala. Tirupati is a world in itself, millions of pilgrims from all over India and abroad visit the temple of Lord Venkateswara at Tirupati round the year. In addition to various shrines scattered all over Tirupati and beyond there are holy water falls, scared rivers and archaeological wonders. It is regarded as one of the most ancient temples which were mentioned in Puranas and Sastras. The temple is patronized by the Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Rulers and the later kings of Mysore. Hastakalaramam Papanasanam, Akasganga, Gogarbham, Shilathoranam, View Point, S.V. Museum are the other places worth seeing at Tirumala. Kapilatheetham, Hare Rama Hare Kishna Mandir, Regional Science Centre, S.V.Zoological Park, Srinivasa Mangapuram, Kalyani Dam, Chandragiri Fort, Tiruchanur, Govindaraja Swamy Temple are the other places worth seeing in and around Tirupathi.

Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams is an independent trust which monitors the activities of the Sri Venkateswara Temple, and maintains maintains 12 temples and their sub-shrines in the Tirumala-Tirupati areai. The chairman of the board is nominated by the state government of Andhra Pradesh. The TTD's stated goals include the restoration of Sanathana Dharma, reviving various failing temples of South India and running Vedic schools and Veda parishats. Govindaraja Sway Temple: The temple is dedicated to Govindaraja Perumal in contradistinction of the Venkatachalapathi shrine at the top of the hill. There is also a tower called Galigopuram, which is very famous. There are shrines of Sri Andal, Sri Parthasarathy and Sri Venkateswara in the temple. Sri Kondandarama Swamy Temple This temple is dedicated to Sri Rama is situated with n a distance of about a kilometer from Tirupati railway station. This temple was built to commemorate the visit of Sri Rama, Laksmana and Sita to Tirupati, while returning from Lanka. Regional Science Center The Regional Science Center is established by the Central Government for the benefit of School Children in particular and public in general to create the awareness about the scientific procedures and importance of Science education to human life. The Science Center conducts different Programmes for Teachers and Students regularly to improve the quality of Science Education. The Science Center also conducts science Exhibitions at least once a quarter, where in, they propagate the recent innovations in Science and Technology and provide guidance to the teachers in exploring the locally available resources and improvisations to make their Class room teaching effective. S.V.Zoological Park The changed concept of exhibiting wild animals in cramped cages to that of vast natural and simulated enclosures, has established the zoological Parks world over as centers of wild life conservations and environmental education in addition to research and recreation. The Andhra Pradesh Forest department which had two of India's Best Zoos to its credit at Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, has set up its third venture at Tirupati, the abode of Lord Venkateswara, with a daily visitation of about fifty thousand people from all corners of the Country and a number of Academic and Professional Educational Institutions, Ideally suited to achieve the objectives of an ideal Zoological Park, named as Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park extending an area of 5532 acres. Srinivasa Mangapuram: It is a place where a temple dedicated to Sri Kalyana Venkateswara Swamy, situated at a distance of 12 km on Tirupati Madanapalli Road. Puranas says that Lord Venkateswara Swamy after his Kalyanam with goddesses Padmavathi Devi at Narayana Vanam while proceeding to Tirumala Hills had stayed here for six months on the bank of the river Kalyani on the advice of Agastheeswara Maharshi. Hence this temple is named Kalyana Venkateswara Swamy.

Chandragiri Fort: Chandragiri came in to prominence during the last days of Vijaya Nagar Empire. The Fort is said to have been built in 1000 A.D. and was later improved by the Vijaya Nagar Kings. The Fort is built on a Huge rock above 183 mts height. With in the wall of this fort lie the ruins of Palaces and Temples. Near the Fort there are two big Buildings, known as Mahals which are formerly used by the memebers of the Royal Families. They present good examples of Vijaya Nagar architecture. Kalyani Dam: The scenic, Picturesque Tourist and Picnic spot Kalyani dam constructed on the river Kalyani, is located at a distance of 25 km from Tirupati on Tirupati - Madanapalli Road, attracts number of Tourists from Tirupati and sorrounding villages of Chittoor District Srikalahasti: This picturesque religious centre is famous for the temple dedicated to Vayu, the wind god. It is said that the Linga was worshipped by a spider, by spinning a web over it, a snake by placing gem upon the Linga and an Elephant by washing the Linga with water from its trunk and attain Mukti. Hence this place is called Srikalahasthi. Karvetinagar: Karvetinagar earlier ruled by Suryavamsa Dynasty with Narayanvanam as their capital. Having special importance of this place due to rabit hunding dog, the rulers of surya dynasty later built their new capital Nagaram at this place by clearing the forest. In Tamil Kadu means forest, and vetti means clearing. Hence this place is known as Kaduvettinagaram and later known as Karvetinagaram which is now the mandal headquarters. The Venugopala Swamy Temple, Skanda pushkarani and the Old Palaces are worth seeing here. Narayanavanam: The importance of this village is due to big temple dedicated to Lord Kalyana Venkateswara swamy. It is believed that the marriage of Lord Venkateswara Swamy with Goddess Padmavathi Devi took palce here. This is the temple where in we can see both Venkateswara Swamy along with Padmavathi Devi in one temple complex. This place is famous for handlooms. Kailasanathakona: Kailasanathakona water falls are situated in the valley of Nagiri hills near Puttur. The water here is said to be rich in minerals and possess curative properties. Puranas reveal that Lord Kailasanatheswara Swamy attended the marriage of Lord Venkateswara Swamy and Goddess Padmavati at Narayanavanam and selected this water fall for meditation for sometime. Hence this place is called Kailasanathakona which is a picnic, scenic and pituresque spot.

Talakona: Talakona is famous for the temple of Sri Siddheswara Swamy and the scenic and picturesque water falls in the midst of thich forest. People from Chittor district and neighboring districts will gather on 1st January and Mahasivaratri festival days and week ends to pray god and enjoy the water falls. Puranas says that those who do not have children come here and pray god for children and name their children as Siddaiah or Siddamma. The water falls are four km from the temple. Gurramkonda: Gurramkonda is located in between Madanapalli - Rayachoti - Cuddapah road at a distance of 29 km from Madanapalli and 12 km from Vayalpad. This place was ruled by Lieutenants of Tippu Sultan of Mysore and they built a Fort on a huge hill and the Ragini Mahal and used to go to the Fort on Horses. Hence this place is called Gurramkonda, which has got historical and archaeological importance. The Ragini Mahal and Maqbara Tomb and the Fort are worth seeing here. Reddemmakonda: Reddemmakonda, the famous Pilgrim center is situated on Madanapalli Gurramkonda - Cherlopalli - Rayachoti - Cuddapah road. The preceding deity here is a glorified and sanctified village "Lass Reddemma", Who lost her life in an attempt to escape molestation by sensuous lieutenants of Tippu Sultan, who chased her. On reaching huge rock during chase, finding no way to escape, she prayed protection in a sheer helpless state and the rock before her, left a cleavage enabling her to pass through it. Soon after she entered inside the cleft closed affording no entry for chasers. Ever since that time, people around started praying the sacrificed Lass Reddamma for begetting children. Sompalyam: Sompalli, which has got architectural importance, is situated in between Mulakalacheruvu and Thambalpalli civil road at a distance of 6 km from Mulkala Cheruvu. A temple of Chennakesava swamy is claimed as one of the finest temples in Andhra districts. A monolith of the most graceful proportions stand in front, presenting a beautiful spectacle. The rich carvings on the kalyana Mandapam are very attractive. According to local tradition a shepherd was responsible for the construction of this temple during Vijayanagar period. Horsley Hills: The most picturesque, scenic, picnic and summer resort, Horsley Hills is situated near Madanpalli in Chittoor District at an altitude of 4200 feet above sea level. Mr.W.D.Horsley, a British member of the civil service and then the District Collector of Cuddapah, who found the climate very hot, selected this part as his summer resort on the top of the hills. He constructed two houses, the Kachari Room and Milk Bungalow and developed as summar resort. The Governor's Bungalow, the Forest Bungalow, and Microwave station, View point, Enugumallamma Temple are worth seeing here. Madanapalli: Madanapalli is an educational and cultural center from the days of Dr.Anneie-

Besant, the great theosophist. The medical institutions like the Government Hospital, M.L.L Hospital, and Rajkumari Amrutkour T.B.Research Center are worth mentioning. Here the climate is pleasant through out the year.

Boyakonda: The famous hill located in between Madanapalli - Punganur - Chowdepalli called Boyakonda, came into prominence in the recent years. Because of location of the famous Gangamma temple on the top of the hill, attracted by more than 20,000 devotees per day, mostly from karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. People will visit this place for praying Gangamma for getting the grievances redressed. The devotees will ask the Ammavaru for flower (Pushpam Aduguta) to know whether their vows will be fulfilled or not. Gudimallam: Gudimallam is well known for its unique Sivalinga in the Parasurameswara Temple. The tmeple is of granite stone dated back to the Pallavas - Bana times. An insciption dated 1127 A.D. belongs to the period of Vikrama Chola records the reconstruction of the temple in stone. The sanctum enriches the unique Linga square at the bottom, seven sided in the middle and nut shaped at the top, corresponds to the errect of male organ containing the standing figure of Sivaparameswara over a stumpy dwarf figure in the front side. At present the temple complex has main Parasurameswara shrine.

Kanipakam: Kanipakam is located on the northen banks of the river Bahuda at a distance of 13 km from Chittoor. The famous shrine of Varasiddhi Vinayaka, the deity of which is believed to be self manifest (swayambhu) and the annual celebrations of Varasiddhi Vinayaka Swamy Brahmostavam on the eve of Vinayaka Chaturthi (Aug Sep) of the special attractions of this place attracted by about 15,000 devotees from all over the District on this special occation. Mogili: Mogili is situated at a distance of 30 km from Chittoor and 10 km from Palamaner on the Chennai - Bangalore highway. It is one of the sacred places in Chittoor District on account of the existence of the Mogileeswara Temple. Shiva is worshipped here under the title of Abbreswara, the Sanskrit form of Mogileeswara or Iswara of the Skies. There is Pushkarini in the premises of the temple with perennial water flow from the mouth of Nandi (the sacred bull) which is a good source of drinking water for public irrespective of seasons. The water coming from Nandi is also a good source of irrigation to local people. On the eve of 1st January, Sivarathri and other festivals about 15,000 tourists per day will visit this place.

Kalyanarevulu - Ganganasirassu Waterfalls Koundinaya Elephant Sanctuary: The Ganganna Sirrassu and Kalyanarevulu water falls are located on the border of Tamilnadu and Karnataka which form part of the Kaudinya Elephant

sanctuary. Both the waterfalls are seasonal, scenic and picturesque. The water flows at a height of 200 feet are attracted by number of tourists, mostly from Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Chittoor District. The four water pools formed due to flow of water on a single rock at Kalyanarevulu (popularly known as Kalyanarevulu). Kaigal Water Falls (Dumukurallu Water Falls): Kaigal Water Falls is popularly known as Dumukuralla water falls located at a distance of 2.5 km from Kaigal village on the Palamner - Kuppam Highway. The popular name Dumukurallu water falls came into Prominence because of its sound resembling the fall of stones from above. The water fall is natural, perennial and water comes from a big rock at a height of 40 feet, irrespective of seasons. The formation of lovely natural pond at water falls and water passing through sand plains with beautiful shrubs are other attractions of this place. Kangundi: Kangundi is located at a distance of 16 km from Kuppam on Kuppam Vijalapuram Road. It is having a great Historical value since 11th century with its Ruined fort, Beautiful temples of excellent artistic value, structures of archeological importance, valleys, forests and Palar river etc., The Kangundi fort is situated on a white granite rocky hillock at the entrance of Kangundi village and it is circular in shape and the bottom resembles a coach. Kuppam: Kuppam, the headquaters of the Kuppam Mandal, lies in the South West corner of the Chittoor District is a busy Railway station on the Bangalore - Chennai Railway line. A bone meal Fertilizer factory, Scandal wood oil mills, and Dravida University are located here. Stone cutting and polishing is an important industry at this place. The Someswara Anjenaya, Tirupati Gangamma and Subramanyaswamy are the Temples worshipped here. Gudivanka: Gudivanka is located at a distance of 16 km from Kuppam on the borders of Andhra and Karnataka. Here the Subramanyam Swamy Temple (gudi) is located on the top of a hillock, and at the foot of the hillock a small stream called Vanka is flowing. Hence this place is called Gudivanka. People in large numbers do gather here on Adikritika (Kavadi) Festival, during the month of August every year. On the back side of the temple a Reservoir, belongs to Karnataka state is located. It is a religious and picnic spot. The TTD has constructed a Guest House here to provide accomation to the visiting Tourists.

PUTTAPARTHY
Puttaparthy, a small village in Ananthapur district of Andhra Pradesh, is today on the world map. And the person responsible for it is "Bhagawan Sri Satya Sai Baba" considered as a living God by millions. Praasanthi Nilayam (Abode of Peace) is an imposing edifice at Puttaparthy built by the devotees in reverence to the living God at his birth place. People seeking peace of mind and solace make a beeline to this village from all over the world.There are perhaps very few places in the world which have attained such prominence as Puttaparthy, in Andhra Pradesh, India. The reason is not too difficult to fathom.

In a country where there is no dearth of religious and spiritual leaders, one name is revered by followers around the world. Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba is worshiped as a "Living God" and his abode Prashanthi Nilayam at Puttapathy, attracts millions of visitors from all over, who come seeking spiritual solace and mental peace. Bhagwan Sri Sathya sai Baba - A Life dedicated to humanity Ever since his birth on November-23rd, 1926, Bhagwan Sri Sathya Sai Baba has been destined for greatness. According popular legend, his birth was heralded by supernatural occurrences such as musical instruments playing by themselves and a cobra emerging from the house. to

Even at every tender age he was marked out as different and special as compared to other children . He turned vegetarian and would keep away from places where animals were killed or tortured. Filled with compassion, whenever a beggar appeared at the door he would beg and plead with his parents to donate grains or food. He banded together a group of children of his age and taught them to sing bhajans that he had composed in praise of the glory of the Lord. Miracles have been a part of his life since the early and have been the pointers to his divinity. He would relieve ailments that had been pronounced incurable, distribute sweets from an empty bag, pluck various fruits from a tamarind tree (since then known as Kalpavrusksha) etc. On October 20, 1940, when he was of 14 years old, he left home saying he belonged to the world and it was time to launch his divine mission and dedicated his life to serving mankind. He settled on a rock in the Excise Inspector's bungalow. As the news spread like wildlife, people came from every direction bearing flowers and fruits and singing songs in his praise. Service to Humanity - His Mission Bhagwan Sathya Sai Baba's emphasis has been on service to the society, free education, free medical and health services to the poor, rural development for improving the living conditions of die weaker sections of the society are some of his major contributions. A laudable contribution has been the provision of drinking water to the people in 731 villages in Ananthapur district of Andhra Pradesh by laying 2500 Kms long pipelines, construction of hundreds of reservoirs and overhead tanks at a cost more than Rs.250 crores. Such a massive project was envisaged and completed in less than a year. Located at a distance of 85 km from Ananthapur and 160 Kms from Bangalore, Puttaparthy has a population of around 8,000 and a favorable climate with temperatures ranging between 25 to 35 degrees centigrade.

WARANGAL
Warangal, once the capital of the Kakatiya Kingdom lying south of the River Godavari, is the fifth largest city in Andhra Pradesh located about 157 kms from Hyderabad. It is an important cultural centre of the Telangana region. The ancient history, beautiful lakes, fine architectural temples, rich fauna and flora have contributed its importance to Warangal as a Tourist Centre. One of the greatest ruling clans of Andhra Desa made this fort city, its Capital. Orugallu, as it was known, is today's modern Warangal. During the reign of the Kakatiya, Telugu culture and literature attained great heights. Some of the finest forms of architecture in the whole South India can be seen in the ruins of the once glorious empire. Only the beauty of the surroundings lakes Warangal, the heartland of Andhra Pradesh. The capital of the Kakatiya empire. Warangal is well connected by rail from New Delhi, Hyderabad, Vijaywada, Visakhapatnam and Chennai. The city is a cluster of three towns - Warangal, Kazipet and Hanamkonda. Today the city and the district of Warnagal offer, for the connoisseurs of art, architecture and nature, a rich spread.