Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Unit 1: Reach for the stars
Interviewer : Thank you for coming into the studio this morning. Could you start by telling the listeners what youre doing this week? Astronaut : Well, this is a very special week for me. Tomorrow afternoon, Im travelling with two other astronauts to a secret location. The launch is at 7.50 the next evening. Interviewer : How exciting! Will this be the first time youve been in space? Astronaut : Yes it will. Im really looking forward to it. Interviewer : What is your mission, exactly? Astronaut : We have to repair equipment on the international Space Station. Interviewer : Whats the problem? Astronaut : There are two or three things we need to look at, but the main problem is the temperature control system. We think there may be a leak of some kind. Interviewer : Is that a difficult job? Astronaut : No, not particularly, but well almost certainly need to spend some time working outside. Interviewer : Do you mean a spacewalk? Astronaut : Yes, maybe, but we wont know for sure until were there and can examine the equipment properly. Interviewer : Isnt that really dangerous? Astronaut : Not really weve had a lot of training and of course were going to be very careful. Interviewer : How long will you be in space for? Astronaut : Well probably be there for about five or six days. It depends on how serious the problems are. Interviewer : Thats very exciting. Thank you for talking to us. And good luck with your mission! Astronaut : Thank you.
#-Reach+ Arrive+ @-Hind reached Assuit. @ Hind arrived in Assiut. #Stars planet galaxy comet Asteroid sister planet planetarium 1-The sun is a but the moon is a 2-The smallest is Pluto. #reach for stars = it is impossible to do something ( idiom) ================================================== #Special = private General public = Ex:1- St. Mina is a .school. 2- Girls wear a .uniform. #Astronaut astronomer Astrologer = astronomy
Astrology space man ) ) #launch set off Let off lunch Ex:1-Egypt Nile sat 101 in 1998. 2-The Arabs were clever at.. 3-During festival people fireworks. #look forward to+ ing Look at look up to Look after look up down Look up look into Ex: 1-Ahmed Zewail is a person who must be looked .. 2-Look ..this word from dictionary. #mission task ) #repair mend Do repairs reclaim Ex; 1-Omer Soliman went to America in a secret 2-Upbringing up children is a difficult . #leak lick Lock luck Ex: 1-This pipe may .water. 2-Some animals dew on plants. ======================================================= Secret leak Space examine System launch taking off temperature control system attached Walk around the space station. ======================================= 1-Respond the following situations: 1- Someone says that space exploration is too expensive. You agree . 2- Someone says that computers are a bad thing. You do not have the same opinion. 3- One of your friends says he thinks walking in space would be very frightening. You think he's right. 4-You hear someone say that all astronauts are very rich. You know this is not true . 2-Say what are the speakers and places 1-A:Is al right to let all applicants in sir? A-Ok I am ready to see all applicants now
Place:. Speaker A Speaker B Function:.
2-A; the car's engine is making a noise Could you check it please? B: I will be with you in a minute 3-Choose the correct answer:
1- The car stopped because there was a ( lock-leak-lick-luck) in the petrol tank.
2- Our air-conditioning has broken down, but someone is coming to ( mend-reclaim-make-repair). 3- The doctor ( examined-tested-checked-exiled) me carefully before he gave me the medicine. 4- Computer passwords should always be ( mystery-secret-code-public) You should never tell to any one. 5- The astronauts went on a two-hour ( run-walk-walking-walks)to replace a broken fuel pump. 6- Some drivers have a sat-nav (station-discipline-order-system) in their car to help them find the best route. 7- The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the( dinner-lunch-film-launch) on TV. 8- Space ( mission-job-task-work) can take several .years. 4-Find the mistake and correct it 1-Asrtonomers land on the moon. 2-Hind arrived Cairo airport. 3-Surgeons wear private uniforms. 4-Marwa looks forward to visit Rome . 5-The sun is a planet. 6-Doctors must test patients before giving medicine. 5-Translate into Arabic: Scientists think that the world temperature will increase due to many reasons .Global warming is the major reason for that . as well as gases from green houses .Cutting forests make the matter worse .All governments and green colour lovers must co operate to protect our planet. 6-Translate into English:
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Mosque. A place of worship for Muslims. A place where the five daily compulsory prayers are regularly done, except for the Jum'a prayers (the Friday noon prayer and Friday Khutba). The Masjid Jame' is the place where all the five compulsory Salat (Prayers) and the Jurn'a prayers are regularly done. The Masjid Jame' is usually larger than a Masjid. Plural: Masaj Id.
0106544801 S.F.M 2011
Space Holidays July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walking on the Moon. Ever since that day, we have been promised that holidays in space are not far away. Now a representative for the World Tourism Organisation predicts that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space. They will fly by rocket to a space station which will be orbiting the Earth at a height of 320 kilometres that is about the same as the distance from Cairo to El-Minya. The space station itself will be like giant spinning wheel with spokes like a bike wheel. There will be two kinds of spokes: those with ordinary gravity for weightless sports. Some people who are interested in space holidays are worried that, as space tourists, they will suffer from the same horrible side effects as astronauts have suffered from, but experts say that there are now treatments for most side effects. Just think about such a holiday in space. Everyone who has travelled in space has described the magical feeling of looking down on the Earth as it spins below you. It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk, but think of the fun you can have with weightless football or weightless gymnastics. For most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holidays. Currently, the cost of a holiday is very high. But like everything else, the more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become. So, if you are interested, start saving now! Anniversary representative - organization Predict queue book Orbit distance giant Spin spokes gravity Weightless suffer from horrible Side effects magical gymnastics Currently below fun
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2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 1990 was the year( where- when- who- whose)my son Mohammed was born. 2 25th April is (university-anniversary- millennium- century) of restoring Taba 3 Sally (representative -diplomat- represents ambassador) our school. 4-People stand in( queue-line-row-deck) to book tickets . 5 The(play-bus-space-spin) station is at a height of 320 Kilometers . 6 What is the (speed-distance- far-distant) between Assuit and Cairo? 7 Space Cruiser (spins-goes-plays-does) the Earth. 8 Space ( explanation -exploration-exclusion-experts) is useful for us. 9 The ( speaks-wires-bars-spokes) of my bicycle were broken. 10 There are two kinds (of-in-by-to) spokes. 11 Things fall on the ground due to( . gravity- gratitude-wind-grateful) 12 Rehab may suffer ( from-of-by-at) fever . 13-Abusining drugs has side(affects-effects-effective-defects) 14- Astrologers ( prevent-protect-predict-elect) the future. 15 Cairo is full of( funny-fun-fans-fins) 16 Space tourists will fly to the space by (rocks rockets- stocks- sticks). 3 Find the mistakes and correct it: 1 July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walked on the moon. 2 People will be rowing to book space holidays. 3 They will fly by rocks to space station. 4 The distant from Cairo to El-Minya is 320. 5 Smoking has bad side affects. 6 How much does the suit coast?
-( Will /shall + ) ( am-is are going to+ inf) (Present simple tense) Imperative ===================================== Will 1 1- Ex: Salwa will be 17 next week. 2- Ex:I will leave the party if you do not agree with me. 3 ( :- sudden/quick decision ) #I will answer the phone. 4 ( - / offer/ threat/ promise) #I will pay you back next week. (think/suppose/expect-sure ) ) ( #I think/suppose/expect he will pass his exam. ) ) #After he plays, he will take a shower. Dina won't marry until she finishes her education 2- am/is/are + going to +inf : ( intentions/plans/and decisions ) @I am going to take part in the school competition . 2 : @There are dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain. Am/is/are + v + ing ) ) @He is travelling to Paris tomorrow. (He has got the tickets)
@I am leaving the office at 11. (I have permission) The present simple The train leaves at 6 o'clock. The final exams take place on 11/6/2009.
will have + pp :By + Ex: @Marwa will have finished her school by 2017. @ Pollution will have been eliminated by 2060. 1-The train ----------------------- the station at 7 o'clock.am a) will leave b)leaves c)is going to leave d)leave 2-Iam sure Rawna ----------------- 30 next month. a) is going to be b)is being c)is d)will be 3-The branch of tree is shaking , it------------------------a) falls b) will fall c) is falling d) is going to fall 4-He------------you if you come late again. a)will punish b) is going to punish c) is punishing d) will be punishing 5-I think she------------------he next exam. a) will pass b) is going to pass c) is passing d) passes 6-When he comes next week, he------------------me some money. a) gives b) will give c) is giving d) is going to give 7-He--------------me the details after he meets the boss. a) tells b) will tell c) is going to tell d) is telling 8-Don't be late for the cinema, the film------------at 9 as usual. a)will start b) starts c) is starting d) is going to start. 9-We-----------------a new car, we have prepared everything. a)will buy b) are going to buy c) are buying d) buy 10-They arranged everything for the journey, they-----------tomorrow . a) leave b) are leaving c) are going to leave d) will leave 11- I --------the homework by 7 pm. a) will be finishing b) will have finished c) will finish d) finish
12-He has intention, he-----------------buy a villa. a) is going to buy b) will buy c) is buying d)buys 13-If you study hard, your father---------------you a present. a)will give b) gives c) is giving d) is going to give. 14-According to the timetable the nest bus----------------at 10 am. a) will leave b) leaves c)is going to leave d) is leaving 15- I ----------------------out a project by 2017. a) will carry b) carry c) will have carried d) was carrying 16--------------------I carry the box for you? a) Will b) Shall c) Are d) Have
4) Find the mistakes and correct the sentences: 1-My sister is going to be 11 years old next week. 2-The sky is cloudy it will rain. 3-Mariam will buy a villa by 2020 4-Hala booked a ticket she will travel next week. 5- I intend, I will give him the book. 6-Many schools will have built by 2050. Translate into Arabic: Unemployment is a time bomb that threatens the security and stability of Egyptian society. Too many applicants are chasing after too few job opportunities. The solution to this serious problem lies in new investments, which mean new enterprises, which in turn provide job opportunities Translate into English: . ================================================
Thomas Edison,
It is difficult' to believe that less than a 150 years ago, we could not switch on lights in our homes when it went dark; People who wanted to work or study at night had to use gas or oil lights. Electric light bulbs were invented in 1819 by Thomas' Edison, 'who also helped produced other system of getting electricity from where it was generated to where it was used. Edison was a very intelligent man, but when he was at school his teachers did not realise this. He had to leave school at the age of seven because he asked too many questions. His mother realised that he only asked questions because he was interested, so she educated him at. home. The General Electric Company. which Edison started, still supplies most of the electricity In North America today. Questions 1 What three forms of energy are referred to in the article? 2 As well as light bulbs, what did Thomas Edison invent? 3 Why did Edison have to leave school at the age of seven? 4 Which of the following is true? a- Edison invented electricity. b- Edison never went to school.
c- Edison was taught by one of his parents. d Edison is still the owner of The General Electric Company, 5 What does generate mean in the 'phrase generate electricity? a produce b- use c- invent d- find
Write a paragraph of about 100 words about space travel in the future Man has been dreaming to travel into space for a long time .History mentioned some attempts of flying when The Arabic scientist Abbas Ibn Frens tried to fly and The Wright Brothers tried to fly. But now travelling into space has come true and actually man landed on the moon and the Mars. Scientists sent equipment into space and they can repair it .Now we live in a small village and space no loner a mystery .Man began to know everything about it and in the future people may live on other planets .People may spend their holidays on space .Travelling into space became very easy and comfortable . Some people travelled into space to spend holiday .So we can call our world a global village .It is said that the might county is that controls space and builds more space station for different purposes ********************* 0106544801
Unit two
The Prisoner of Zenda
By: Anthony Hope Presenter: In todays Book Program, were going to hear about the life and work of the writer Anthony Hope. In the studio we have Professor David Lyons from the University of South London. Professor Lyons, Anthony Hope is well known for his adventure novels, but what sort of a man was he? Was he like his heroes? Professor Lyons: Not in the least. Anthony Hope was a well-educated English lawyer who started writing in his free time. Presenter: Could you tell us something about his early life? Professor Lyons: Yes, of course. Anthony Hope was born near London in 1863. After finishing school, he went to Oxford University, where he studied classics. He was interested in politics and was a good speaker in university debates. After Oxford, he trained as a lawyer and started working in London in 1887. Presenter: So how did he start writing?
Professor Lyons: Well, lawyers in those days have plenty of free time - so Hope wrote short stories for magazines. He wrote his first novel, a Man of Mark, in 1890, but had to pay for the publication himself. Presenter: How about his most famous book, The Prisoner of Zenda? Did he pay for that? Professor Lyons: No. By then, he was already a successful novelist. The amazing thing about this book was how quickly he wrote it. He first had the idea in late 1893 and the book was published in April 1894. It was immediately successful. Presenter: What was so special about The Prisoner of Zenda? Professor Lyons: Well, its a very exciting adventure story which takes place in a fictional European country. I think it was so popular because its not about everyday lives- people like escapism. Presenter: Did Hope marry? Professor Lyons: Yes, he did. In 1903, he went on a speaking tour to other countries and met Betty Somerville. The couple were married later that year, then came back to England, where they had two sons and a daughter. Presenter: And did he continue writing? Professor Lyons: yes, in all he wrote thirty-two works of fiction, but The Prisoner of Zenda was always his most popular story. It made him a lot of money. A lot of firms have been based on the story, and the public still enjoy reading it today. Presenter: Thank you, Professor Lyons - that was most interesting. If you havent read The Prisoner of Zenda yet, borrow it from your local library. Its one of those books you just cant put down. 1- Prisoner plenty of adventure publication heroes novelist. well-educated immediately lawyer successful. free time exciting classics the studio politics published debates. Presenter fictional put down The couple works escapism firms local the public Language Notes 1-Is well known + famous for Notorious
1-Aswan is famous for The High Dam. 2-Japan is well-known for volcanoes. 3-Benjamin Netanyahu is notorious 2-hero heroine champion 1-Abou Zeid El Helay is a folk.. 2-Hesham Mosbah is an Olympic .. 3-Nancy Agram is the . Of the new film. 3-plenty of = a lot of 1-Hind has a plenty of money 4-Debates conference seminar forum 1-The candidates made on TV. 2-The minister met all teachers through video. 3-We all like Thanwya . 4-Huda attended a religious. At the school library . 5-Classics classical classic Classification classify class --- 1- Yassmain studies the . Of ancient Greece2- Sarah booked a first . Ticket. Escapism realism escape 1-Rana tries .to forget her cares. 2-The prisoner . from jail. 6-=Put down put off -put out put on =Put forward put away put up with 1-Firemen put. Fire. 2-Police put criminals 3-Mr. Esam always put . New ideas. ======================================= 1 - Say where theses mini-dialogues took place : 1 A : How about going the cinema? B : I am not very keen 2 - A : What do you think of the last exam? B : It was rather difficult. 2-Respond these situations: Place : -----------------speaker A : ------------speaker B : ------------Function : ---------------
1- Your friend has joined a reading group. You want to know the number of people in the group, 2- Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote The Prisoner of Zenda in three months. You are very surprised by this . 3- You are told that Anthony Hope paid for; the publication of his first novel himself. You are interested in this information. . 4- Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote 37 works of fiction altogether. You are Interested but not surprised by this . Translate into Arabic: Currently, the cost of a holiday in space is very high. But the more people want something, thecheaper it will become. So if you are interested, start saving now' Translate into English: 1-.
Reconsider population map Overcrowded banks Birth control family planning Pre-fabricated houses election Candidates vote The prisoner of Zenda demonstration The story takes placeProtest in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, Dashboard revolve if the cousin of Rudolf Elphberg, who is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional
Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to attend the country in central coronation cousin, who henot met before. Soon after he arrives, he is walking of his has through a forest where he meets the future king. The two men of surprised to discover that they are so alike: they are almost identical twins. The cousins talk excitedly about the coronation. However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and locked in the castle in the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the next king of the country, he is popular with some of the people of Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the next king himself. Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin place. Because the two men look so alike, nobody realizes what is happening and the coronation takes place as planned. While Rudolf Elphberg remains in the castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the king and spends time with his cousins friends. At the same time, he realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever. He decides to rescue Rudolf Elphberg. The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to his friends and leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has really happened. Take place Century Wealthy -
Identification Kidnap Castle Rescue Language Notes Be about to+ if Be to+inf alike Similar The same twins identical Locked in Locked out life
Take place Take part Take after Take in-- - Take down Take away Take up-- Take apart Take over Take on
Take off -- The life A life Exercise 1-Heba tookall people by her appearance. 2-Mr Ahmed was locked .when he forgot his keys inside the car. 3-Daila was about fall into a pit. 4-I was .study hard last year. 5-Hala and Ayah were born in the month.
2 - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 Young people like (real- fictional - right famous) stories. 2 (Classic-classical-classify-classics) means the study of the history of the ancient Greeks and Romans. 3 Norhan is ( well-will-good-best)-educated. she got her PhD in Chemistry . 4 Al- Ahram ( spread- unfold-published-punished) my article last week. 5 During elections the two candidates( tell-debated-fought-played) to persuade the voters 6 ( Escapism-Escape-Reality-Truth) is a kind of entertainment that helps people to forget their worries. 7 Adel Imam is the (heroine- hero- herb- actress ) of the new film 8 Kings built a(castle-jail-prison-cedar) to protect his country. 9 Bill( kidnapped-arrested-caught-played) Oliver and took him to Fagin( OLIVER Twist) 12 He has a lot of money, he is a( healthy-wealthy-fishy-flashy) man. 13 The (colonial-party-permission-coronation) of King Abdullah took place in 2001. 14 Kasam Amin fought for women's( rights-writes-sights-kites) 15 Alaa and Saber are a happy( couple-double-twins pairs). 16 Gamal Mubarak is interested in(political politician - politics - policy ) and was a good speaker. 17- Films and books can sometimes help people to(escapism-protect-escape-run)from their worries. 18- You can still see a lot of(classics - class - classically classic) architecture in Greece and Rome. 19- (Fact -Fictional - Fiction Frictional) means not real, invented by a writer. 20-( delete - defeat - decade debate)is a formal, organized discussion. ===============================================
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Subject verb agreement 1 : -a boy--------------- boys -a novel ----------- novels -an apple -------------apples 1-Hassan is a boy ,but Dalia is a girl. 2-The prisoner of Zenda is a novel . 2 : a an the one 1-mr Hamada isengineer. 2-Where is .. book I lent you? 3-One week is seven days. 3 : any some many how many the few / a few / two three --1-Hind did not buy any meat. 2-Some children are having a picnic in the park. 3-There are not many cars on the road. 4-How many members are there in your family? 5-The apples are in the fridge. 4 a/ an 1-I have bought milk. 5 : the / any / some /much / How much / little /a little 1-Noura did not drink any tea. 2-Have we got any bread? 3-We have some bread , but we don't have any butter. 4-We don't have much time left. 5-How much oil do we need?
6 team / staff / family/ government / company / committee : 1-The Egyptian team is going to play in the final. () 2-the Egyptian team are going to play in the finals.() 7 ( s- or -ics ) : athletics/politics/gymnastics/mathematics/maths/news 1-Athletics is my favourite sport. 2-Politics was my best subject at university. 3-The news is good.
8 ----- / / #Twenty thousand pounds is the price of my car.. #Three years is a long time to be without a job. #Six miles is a long way to walk every day. 9 the police / people : *The police have arrested the criminal. 10 pair of : trousers/ jeans / shorts / pants /pajamas / scissors / glasses @ My glasses are new. @ I have a new pair of glasses. 11 (news-information money furniture- luggage-mud-flu- luggage, baggage, water, oil,
furniture, news, , mud, bread, hair, macaroni, homework, petrol, music, thunder, lightning, flu, damage, accommodation, work, love, patience, wisdom, happiness, laughter, honesty, physics, gymnastics, classics, athletics
4 ( a little ) . 1- My father has little money. (we can't buy) 2- My father has a little money. ( we can buy ) : Would you like an orange? I don't like orange , I prefer green. Would you like a coffee? Coffee can stop you sleeping. I have got a hair in my mouth. there is hair on the floor. Do you like chicken? Do you like chickens ? 1 Respond to each of the following situations : 1 Your friend has joined a reading group, you want to know the number of people in the group. 2 Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote the prisoner of Zenda in three months. You are very surprised by this. 3 You are told that Anthony Hope paid for the publication of his first novel himself, you are interested in this information. 4 You are asked about the writer of the '' prisoner of Zenda ''
a isn't b aren't c doesn't d don't 7 Three days ---------- long enough for a good holiday. a weren't b aren't c haven't been d isn't 8 Fortunately the news ----------- as bad as we expected. a wasn't b weren't c - haven't been d - don't 9 I can't find my binoculars . Do you know where -------? a it is b they are c it was d was it 10 I don't have --------- furniture. a many b much c some da 11 Did you bring ------------ oil. a any b some c an da 12 There are too ------------ people on the ship , it is going to sink. a much b little c more d many 13 I have a new ------------------ of shoes. a couple b double c twin d pair 14 Dou you think the people --------- happy with the government? a are b was c is d has been 15 - --------- the police know how the accident happened? a Does b Is c was d Do 16 Money ----------- the root of all evils.
Vitamins are very essential for good health. Their absence causes serious diseases. Foods that contain vitamins are often called protective foods because they protect us from many fatal diseases. B ) Translate into English : 1 . . - ============================================================= warn illegal immigration States=declare corner stone Learning process
Samir Fahmy Meabed Radwan Assiut- Quesia- Ahmed AbdelRaheem Secondary for girls 0106544801 Sfmna_2009@yahoo.com= sssmma_2010@yahoo.com
Dr. Zaki: Yes, of course. Would get energy from the heat inside the earth. This is known as geothermal energy. Geo means earth and thermal means heat. Interviewer: but rocks are cold, arent they? Dr. Zaki: Not all rocks or cold. Below the surface of the earth, the pressure is so great that rocks are in a very hot, liquid form. We say that these rocks or molten. Interviewer: I see. Dr. Zaki: The molten rock heats underground lakes of water. Sometimes, steam is produced like this. When the hot water comes up through a hole in the earths surface, thats when we get hot springs. Interviewer: Is this like the hot water that comes up in the Siwa Oasis? Dr. Zaki: thats right. Interviewer: thats very interesting. But I dont understand how we can use energy from these molten rocks. Dr. Zaki: well, using todays technology, we drill deep below the earths surface into the underground lakes of hot water. This water is then pumped to the surface and is heated again to make steam. This team is then piped to a power station where it is connected to machines which produce electricity. Interviewer: this incredible. So we do this a ready? Dr. Zaki: yes. There are geothermal powers stations that produce as much energy as two large coal power stations. Interviewer: well, doctor thank you for talking to us about this very interesting subject. Dr. Zaki: its been a pleasure.
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) )
-Energy -Lake -River -Spring -rock(n) Geo =earth -springs Spring(v) Drill (v) Molten Dissolve Oasis Axis Crisis Pressure -
energetic=lively stream canal pool rock(v) thermal=heat spring sprang sprung drill melt dissolved oases axes crises temperature
Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal oil and gas, which have been formed underground over millions of years. We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can only be used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms of energy like those from the sun, wind or geothermal energy. For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water. Now it is used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt generate large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy. Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from Lake Nasser. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment .Other countries depend on nuclear power - power produced when atoms split. However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people's health ! to the environment. Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists believe that the sun's energy will last for another five billion
years. This energy can now be captured and stored .It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy. duce resource industry fossil decay (v.) (n.) buried (adj.) beneath layers renew non-renewable independence independent wind farms rubbish pump water generate Windmills along (adv.) connected to turbines source enormous quantity advantageous (adj.) spilt (v) release atomic energy nuclear energy atomatomic waste atomic bomb waste store (v.) power stations extremely (adv.) blow up = explode atomic dust humansoriginally nuclear reactions radiate (v) radiation (n) radioactive waste soil calculate turn off, switch off products recycled (adj.) the high dam lake hydroelectric pollute, pollution recycling throw away label requirements energy (n) . energetic (adj.) natural gas coal wind last = continue =forever (adv) run out geothermal energy hot springs molten pools of water steam (n.) plentiful (adj.) flood (v.) (n.) Rock(n) Rock(v)
re=again: rebuild
super=over: superimpose Multi=many Hex= six ann=year: anniversary un=reverse action: unpack
sub=less than: subnormal Bi+ two+ bicycle Astro=connected with stars Tri+ three , un=not: unhappy under/too: undercooked
Language Notes
1-allow +object+ to+ inf Allow+verb+ ing
Ex:1-Asmaa allowed us to play in the street. 2-Asmaa allowed playing in the street.
2-do lap
3-raise money
other than
1-We can travel to Aswan by car other than by train. -We must use atomic energy in peace rather than in war..2
Ex: 1- He lied to his father. 2 -Egypt lies on the north coast of Africa. 3- Spiders lay about two thousands eggs.
9-solar-powered vehicles
Ex: This car runs by solar power energy,( noun) This is a solar-powered car .(adj)
10 @blow up=explode @turn off= switch off @convert into @instead of @last for @according to @depend on @radiate to 1-Enemy blew up the factory. 2-Please switch off lights. 3-People converted manure into energy. 4-Rabab put salt instead of sugar in tea. 5-The film lasts for three hours. 6-Behave according to my advice. 7-All world depends on fossil energy, 8=The sun radiates to the earth as heat and light.
1 Respond to each of the following situations : 1 Ask someone some questions about energy. 2 Ask your friend about to save energy. 3 You do not know the word "hydroelectric" , ask your teacher. 4 Ask your friend about his future plans.
2-Say place ,speakers and the functions 1- A: Can you tell me how to operate this machine please? B-Yes of course just switch this button. 2 -A : Do you have fresh bread? B: Ok, but the bread isn't ready yet.
2 Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d "
1-Reneable energy does not run( out-into-in-over). 2-Coal, oil and natural gas are all(renewable-fossil-nuclear-atomic) energy. 3-We should (reduce-introduce-induce-deduce) the amount of energy. Place: Speaker A Speaker B.. Function:.
4-Wind is used to(do-generate-drill-measure) electricity. 5-Energy from rubbish is(fossil-renewable-non-renewable-decayed) energy. 6-Animals (composed-compose-decay-die) after death. 7-Groups of windmills called (wind farms-wind fields-wind towers-) have been made in Egypt. 8-Isreal blew(on-off-up-in) the power station in Palestine. 9-It is important to(use-recycle-restore-return) old things again. 10-The Word glass" is monosyllable it has (one-two-three-many) syllable. 11-Tricycle has (three-two-many-one) wheels. 12-Nuclear power is regarded as a source of electricity(more-other-rather-better) than estructive. 13-Geothermal is power from ( the sun-the earth-the moon-atom) 14-Dring the earthquake the building began to(rockets-stone-rock-sand). 15-Please, turn (on-of-out-off) the computer after using it. 16-They used oxygen to (fall-fuel-feel-fail) rockets 17- The word " geo" means ( moon- sun earth- heat) 18- Hot water comes( up-over-down-in) through a hole in the earth's surface. 19- Water is pumped(into-away-off-at) the surface . 20- Atomic fuel doesn't( pollute-pollution-pollutant-pollen) the environment. 21 (Anything- Nothing-Something-Someone) can not live without energy. 22 People , animals and plants (produce need surf reduce ) energy to live. 23 Wind turbines are used to generate large amounts of ( water electricity atoms turbines) 24- Hydroelectric power supplies Egypt(of-with-by-in) a lot of electricity. 25- When atoms (spelt-split-spilt-spoil) they produce nuclear energy. 26- These are ( motto molten melted dissolved ) rocks. 3 - Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1 Solar energy is non-renewable form of energy.. 2 Marwa silt the loaf to make a sandwich. 3 Bilingual speaks one language. 4 Renewable energy will run out. 5 The crime is connected to poverty. 6 Teeth may decrease by sugar. 5-Translate into Arabic: Equality of opportunity the expression for social freedom can be defined in basic rights for every citizen. First the right of each citizen to medical care, whether treatment or medicine, should not become a commodity for sale and purchase .It should become a guaranteed right for dependent on a certain price. 6-Translate into English: =====================
Alternative expression Opportunity the right Citizen commodity Purchase guaranteed Equality dependant ==========================================================
PRESENT SIMPLE TENS *Form/Use: es))- (it-,she-,he ) s to (. o, -ss,- x-, ch,- sh) : ) never, rarely, not often, sometimes, often, usually, always, every + time 1-Rehab and Mona are never sad. 2-Hind rarely visits Tanta. * y i + es it, she, he . 1- Manal often watches TV weekly. : 1-Dina is always cheerful. 2-Esraa always eats pizza. ACTIVE & PASSIVE am is are+ pp 1-We pump water _ water is pumped.( passive 2-We generate electricity. Electricity is generated. ( passive)
3-Ominia is. Bilingual she speaks three languages 4-The gas from the factory is extremely harm. 5- Old paper can be recycle.
1-Respond the following 1-You are doing a survey about energy, you would like to ask someone some questions . Explain the situation. 2 - You want to know about your friend's energy saving habits. 3-You hear someone use a word you don't understand . The word is "hydroelectric" , what do you ask? 4 Someone asks you how you usually travel school everyday. 5-You're asked to give a detailed description for geothermal energy. 6-You give an idea for recycling plan.
a-motors b-wires c-blades d-towers 15-When . is expensive , everyone has to pay more for food , heating and transport. a-housing b-energy c-salaries d-water 16-Countries need to cooperate to develop new .. of energy . a-farms b-flowers c-forms d-forces 17-Some countries cannot afford to . fuels from other countries . a-port b-export c-sell d-import 18-people,animals and plants need energy to . a-eat b-walk c-live d-multiply 19-Most of our sources of energy today depend on a-solar power b-bio fuels c-fossil fuels d-nuclear power 20-.isn't an example of fossil fuels. a-oil b-natural gas c-wind d-kerosene 21-Traditional fuels were formed underground ..millions of years a-for b-in c-over d-from 22-Energy from the sun , wind or geothermal energy isn't .. a-renewable b-traditional c-clean d-useful 23-In the past wind was used for .. a-fanning b-sewing c-sailing d-fighting 24-The High Dam in Aswan supplies Egypt a lot of its electricity. a-for b-to c-with d-from 25-As well as expensive, fossil fuels pollutes air. a-be b-being c-making d-having 26-The injured footballers..slowly off the field. a-jumped b-climbed c-limped d-timed 29-We can waterfalls as a source of energy. a-make b-use up c-harness d-generate 30-He's been as Assistant Secretary to the Minister of Education. a-said b-know c-appointed d-same 31-Saving energy stops it from a-going out b-running out c-using up d-wearing away 32-Water passing through a dam produces ..power. a-geothermal b-hydroelectric c-solar d-non-renewable 33-the knife has a sharp. a-handles b-blade c-fan d-back
21-Nuclear energy is the best form of renewable energy . 22-Buying waste in the ground can damage the environment. 23-Modern wind turbines are tall tours which are built along seas. 25-Biology is the study of rocks. ===================================================== S.F.M 2011 0106544801
Unit (4)
Writer: No, Im old-fashioned- I use a pencil and paper. Ive tried using a computer, but it gave me a headache. When Im happy with what Ive written, my secretary types it onto the computer. My publisher insists that I send everything as an e-mail attachment. Interviewer: And do you check what youve written? Writer: Of course. I write one thousand new words a day for a week, then I spend two or three days checking the weeks work until Im completely happy with what Ive written. My last novel was changed six times before I was happy with it. Interviewer: Do you show other people? Writer: No, not until a novels almost finished. Then I give it to two or three good friends and ask them for the opinions. Interviewer: Do they ever tell you they dont like what youve written? Writer: Yes ! Last year both of the people who read one of my books said they didnt like how my story ended. So I changed it. Interviewer: Thats very interesting. Thank you for talking to me. Writer :It has been a pleasure. ******************************************************************************* Poem national competition Poet nation compete Poetess nationwide contest Poetic nationalist competitor Poetical nationalism quiz Poetry nationalization competitive )) Verse international confused( ) Prose nationalize confusing )) Novel routine publisher Novelist red tape attachment Writer old-fashion attach Author fashionable average Playwright fashion house on average ============================================================= Language Notes 1-start=begin + ing Ex :@ Amal started writing. Start=begin + to+ inf @ Faten started to write. 2-a ten-minute break ex@: Noura took a three-week holiday. 3-Old-fashined -My mother is an old-fashioned woman. =================================================================
Language Functions
1- : In my opinion it ishe is .she is ( I think . If you ask me I can say. 2- GIVING OPINION)
What do you think of? What is your opinion of?( Asking opinion) =================================================================
1-Respond the following sentence: 1-You ask Mona her opinion about the mobile phone. 2-Hana thinks that Egypt will host the world Cup you agree. 3-Naglaa thinks travelling by air is dangerous You do not agree. 4-Sally and her mother watched new film .They express opinion. 2-Say place, speakers and functions 1-A-What do you think of this story, Walaa ? B- I do not read it sir Let me read and say my opinion. 2-A-Can I help you, Madam? Place: .. B:I d like a pair of shoes please.
Yehia Haqqi (1905-1992) YEHIA HAQQI was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian Literature. As well as being an important writer , he was an expert on Arab culture. YEHIA HAQQI was born in 1905 in Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929 , he began his career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years . The time he spent in France , Italy , Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing. At the same time as he was working , Haqqi was also writing stories. His first short story , published (came out) in 1925, established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world. Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to hospital after an earthquake in Cairo , but he gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more. In 1955 , he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize . Another of his stories , the postman , was made into a film. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century .Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which is respected today. As well as writing his own novels and stories , Haqqi also translated Russian , French , Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers. Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt. Pioneer literature expert on culture
a collection of society collect expert on experiment Graduated graduation biography autobiography respect - respected died in death Fixed limited
earthquake
Notes 1 graduated from @= .. a graduate of----@Mr. Esam Wahba graduated from Assiut university. @Mr. Yacoub is a graduate of Assiut University. ====== 2- abroad aboard / board breed beard broad @ Most Upper Egyptians travelled abroad. ========== 3 career job- profession-work-task @I met a lot of people during my career as a teacher. the 4 poor people = the poor
Exercises
1 Respond to each of the following situations: 1 Someone. thinks that the car is the best invention, you disagree 2 You give your opinion of your friend's T-shirt. 3 Your father bought you a new mobile. 4 Your friend says that the exam is very difficult. You agree 2 Say where these mini-dialogues take place: 1 - A : What do you think of Abu Treaka? B : I think he is very good ,but Shekabala is better. 2 A : May I help you? B-Yes please ,could you open the door for me? 3 ) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1 Early black and white photos show people in (new - old-fashioned - modern) clothes. 2 The sun is at its strongest at ( night -evening - morning midday) 3 My( routine- red tape - customs- traditions)is to get up and walk. 4 My friend and I are going to enter an athletics (competition composition recognition). 5 Professor Jones gave Ayman a camera and all its(attacks-attachments-mails-letters) 6 Leila sent an e-mail to Samira and(attended attacked attracted attached) an image. 7 Al Ahram Weekly,(wrote-translated-published-did) my article. 8 Midday is 12 o'clock in the day, but midnight is 12 o'clock at (night-noon-day-knight_ 9 It is not( modern-ancient-dirty-clean) , it is old-fashioned 10 To ( divide-develop-retire-recite)means to make a new product or idea successful. 11 One of the first people to do something that others will continue is (hero-pioneer-leading-) 12 Al Sydia Zainab is a famous ( restrict governorate system district ) of Cairo. 13 Naguib Mahfouz used simple(style-draft-styles-symbol) in his novels. 14 Hassna is a ( fashion-fashioned-fascism-fashionable) girl.. 15 Yehia Haqqi studied ( low-law-medicine-art) at university to be a lawyer. 16 Haqqi worked as a ( ambassador diplomat writer translator ) in different countries. 17 Yehia Haqqi wrote a ( group-school-pack-collection) of short stories. 18 Haqqi spent most of his time as a (lawyer politician writer diplomat)in Assuit. 19 As well as (write-wrote-writing-writes) two books , he wrote short stories. 20 He is an expert (with-at-on- by)Arab culture. 21 His story , the post man , was (make-made-makes-making) into a film. 22 This shop sells goods at ( limited-fix-fixed-fox0 prices. 23 She is a graduate (in-of from-at) Oxford University.
.4 Haqqi is thought of as the father of modern short poems .5 Sarah Samir will work as a law .6 They insisted that going by bus : A ) Translate into Arabic Yehia Haqqi is regarded as the father of the modern short story and novel in Egypt. He was one of the pioneers .of modern literature because he developed a new style of writing : B ) Translate into English .masterworks 1 . 2 . . . =========================================================== : -1 -2 -3 . .................................-4
1-Past simple
: -1
)11-At the age of seven, my parents took me to Jordan. (active )2-At the age of seven, I was taken to Jordan by my parents. (passive ):(Last-ago-yesterday-in the past-The other- .etc Yehia Haqqi wrote Kandeel Um Hasham
(while-as-just as-when)
Doaa was cooking dinner.
Was-were+ being+p.p
1-As soon as he had taken the photograph, he showed it to his friend. (active) . 2-As soon as the photograph had been taken, it was shown to his friend. (passive) ( after-before-when-as soon as-till-until-No sooner---than-hardly---when- scarcely---whenbarely when..) Ex: Kholoud had cooked lunch.
:
Had + been+ p.p Lunch had been cooked by Kholoud. Present perfect has have = pp : Since-for-just-already-yet-ever-never-so far-up till now-over-lately-recently) :
1-Something is wrong with his car, so he has taken it to the garage. (active) 2-Something is wrong with his car, so it has been taken to the garage. (passive)
W Notes : 1-She has worked in Ahmed Abel Raheem school for twenty years 2- Ive never played squash. 1-I saw him yesterday. ( Correct) I have seen him yesterday.( Wrong) used to + infinitive
1-I used to drive well and slowly.1-. (I drive faster now.) 2-He didn't use to need much sleep. (He does now.) : 1---Did you use to play with dolls? .( Correct)
2-Did you used to play with dolls?( Wrong) 3-He did not use to smoke. 4-Did you use to play tennis? A1- Mariam has done housework.
3-g
m
2-Housework has been done by Mariam. 3-Tins were used to be opened by knives.
Has-have+pp
u3-He used to open tins with knives.
1 - Choose the correct answer from a , b , c , or d : 1-When the telephone rang, they--------------the match. a- watched b-had watched c-were watching d-watch 2-Hazem-------the tree when he suddenly fell down. a climbed b-climbs c-was climbing d-will climb 3-They -----------for England an hour ago. a- leave b-left c-were leaving d-will leave 4-On--------------the film, Ali came. a watch b-watches c-watched d-watching 5-They saw the fighting people while-----------------home. a- were driving b-drove c-driving d-drive 6-How did he--------------to Aswan yesterday? a- go b-went c-going d-goes 7-My sister------------the room while I was making tea. a- cleaned b-was cleaning c-is cleaning d-cleans 8-The first map-----------------------by El_idrissi . a -was drawn b-drew c-is drawn d-draws 9-She cut herself while----------------------a cook b-cooked c-was cooking d-cooking 10-What were you doing when I ------------you last night. a phoned b-was phoning c-had phoned d-would phone 11 He-------------the guitar, when I saw him. a play b played c was playing d had played. 12 They saw the accident while----------------home. a were driving b drove c driving d drive 13 They ------out of the bank when the policeman caught them. a ran b were running c had run d are running
14 The Pyramids were-----------------by the ancient Egyptians. a building b built c builds d build 15 While she was cooking , her sister -------------homework. a was doing b did c does d had done 16 As he was carrying the vase, he ------------------it on the floor. a drops b dropped c had dropped d was dropping 17-They--------since last year. a - hadn't met b-haven't met c-didn't meet d-won't me 18-We -----------some difficulty recently with Maths. a had b- have had c- are having d -were having 19- I haven't written a letter since I ---------to England. a travelled b -will travel c -have travelled d -travel 20-Shakespeare----------------37 plays. a - has written b-wrote c-had written d-was written 21-The e-mails---------------------by Ayman. a - have written b-has written c-have been written d-has been written 22-Don't tell him. He has---------------known. a already b-yet c-since d-recent 23-He was born -----------------2006. a in b-since c-at d-for 24-My brother---------to Paris, he came back last week. a - is going b-will go c -has gone d-has been 25-They haven't visited us-----------------the last two years. a since b for c-recently d-already 26-He hasn't studied English------------------------a recently b-lately c-ago d-just 27-Since I graduated, I ----------------------in this company. a worked b-had worked c-have been working d-will work 28-He -------------------the bike for an hour but he hasn't finished yet. a - has been mending b-has mended c-will mend d-mended 29- I prefer swimming----------------skating. a on b to c-than d-over 30-I last-------------my friend was last week. a see b-saw c-has seen d-have seen 31-It is ages since we-------------------some good news. a - have heard b-had heard c-heard d-was hearing 32-Have you done your homework----------------? That is too fast. a yet a Because b-so far b While c-since c-If d-already d-Although 28-----------------I was out shopping, I saw three of my friends.
1 Hala had not seen the film yet. 2 While was reading , the light turned off. . 3 No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.. 4 Ominia has learned English for seven years now. 5 His novel changed into a film. 6 The letter was posted after it had written . 4 - Translation A - Translate into Arabic : . President Mubarak always states that industry, agriculture and tourism are the main sources of our national income. Great projects are carried out to develop these sources. In the field of industry, Egyptian products are a source of pride not only for Egyptian but for all Arabs. B - Translate into English : 1 . 2- . Unit (5)
Professor Dunn: Yes, including famous novels like Murder on the Orient Express, Death on the Nile and Death Comes as the End, a dark story of a family in Ancient Egypt. Presenter: And she continued writing all her life, didnt she? Professor Dunn: Yes, She did. In all she wrote eighty crime stories, many of which were turned into films or theatre plays. Her most famous play is The Mousetrap, which was first performed in 1952. Since then, the play has been performed without a break and is the longest-running play in the world. Presenter: Thats incredible! Professor Dunn: It is. Her best books have been published in over a hundred countries and translated into over forty languages. Agatha Christie died, aged 85, in 1976. amnesia excavation queen crime criminal murder murderer fiction Suffer from abroad overseas Orient Oriental Western archaeologist archaeology based on Based in theatre plays shy ashamed shame shyness Close to poison venom poisonous mousetrap performed -
) )
1-The ..people respect traditions and customs. 2-My grandfather suffers fromhe could not remember any thing. 3-Leila is an . She discovered the tomb of Senfero in Luxor. 4-Dr Hafez is the leader of .. in Peru. 5-The police arrested the .who killed the guard.
6-Jules Verne was called the father of science 7-Hanan is .. she does not like to meet people. 8-Lybia is .. borders of Egypt. 9-The girl drank . And killed herself. 10-We have a . To catch mice. 11-Leila studied in Italian Institute in Rome. 12-Adel Imam on the stage. 13-Before exams students suffer from 14-His wealth is .. we can not estimate it. 15-Body Guard is the longestplay. 16-Her novels were..into many languages.
2 Giving advice
1 I think you should ------------------------------. 2 Why don't you-----------------------------------? 3 If I were you , I would -------------------------. 4 It would be a good idea to ------------------5 You could ---------------------------------------3 Accepting advice 4 Yes , you are right. Yes, I know I should. That is a great idea. Not accepting I don't want to do that. I don't really think so. Certainly not.
N or M? It is a time of war in England and everyone knows that there could be an invasion at any time. The government knows that the enemy is being helped by a dangerous group of spies inside the country, but nobody knows their identity. But it is believed that the spies headquarters is a small hotel on the coast, and the spies leaders are a man and a woman. Two secret agents, Tommy Beresford and his wife Tuppence, are sent to the hotel to find these spies. They meet the other hotel guests and the people from the town. The guests include Mr. Bletchley, a retired soldier; Mrs. Sprot, a shy young woman; and Carl von Deinim, a scientist. Mr. Bletchley introduces Tommy to Mr. Haydock, a retired sailor who lives in a house overlooking the sea. The three men sometimes play golf together. The Beresfords first suspects are the hotel owner and the scientist, but they soon discover that both are innocent. Then they hear that the invasion is planned for the following week. This means they have seven days to find the enemy and save the country from invasion. One day, after a game of golf, Tommy finds a radio transmitter hidden in Mr. Haydocks bathroom and realizes that Haydock is one of the spies. Haydock does not seem worried by Tommys discovery. Tommy leaves his friend's house, but on the way back to his hotel, he is captured and locked in a room. Tuppence discovers the other spy leader. To everyone's surprise, it is the shy Mrs. Sprot. The police arrest her and soon find Mr. Haydock. Tommy is set free. Without the help of the spies leaders, the invasion cannot take place. Tommy and Tuppence have saved the country.
invasion enemy spy identity headquarters coast agent include - - innocent On the way Set free Take place Invade Conquer Enmity -
shy overlooking golf News agent Enclose Contain Interlock overlap gulf victim thrill victim Take place Take part Take off Take after Take in
Identical Secret agent House agent arrest spleen By the way Leader Leading Leadership Owner Citizen Capture Captive Hide Hidden Hide and seek save
Notes
1 - a spy spy on( v) @Rafaat El Hagan was an Egyptian spy. @Do not spy on others. ----------------------------------------------------------3 - include 4 contain enclose @ Team includes eleven players. @-Faten sent a letter enclosing a photo. --------------------------------------------------------------7 - Overlooking My house overlooks the Nile. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ innocent guilty suspect @Mr D- was found guilty. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Affect effect @Smoking affects lungs. @Smoking has an effect in lungs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 - by + @Walaa went to Cairo by bus. @Noura went to Cairo in a taxi. : in-on ---------------------------------------------------------------18 - based on / based in @ Peace must be based on justice. @Lander was based in New York. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercises
Obesity is generally defined as an accumulation of fat beyond what is considered normal for a person's age and body type In today's society obesity is considered a disease. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time.
B - Translate into English : 1 . 2 . . obesity generally defined accumulation fat beyond society disease exceeds intake amount Does not pay whatever owe comfort Detectives
Grammar
Passive constructions
:
Say /think/ believe/ predict/agree/ hope/know/assume/allege/ expect/suppose/claim/ 1-People say that Marwa is clever. @It is said that Marwa is clever. @Marwa is said to be clever.
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The importance of trees Unit (6) Presenter: In todays Natural World, Professor Jeremy Beech is going to answer listeners questions about trees. Welcome to the programme. Professor Beech: Hello. Presenter: Can have our first question, please? Female caller: Hello. Id like to ask the professor about the tallest tree in the world. Where is it and how tall is it? Professor Beech: The tallest tree in the world is a giant Sequoia and its in California. Its 83.8 meters tall. Scientists say it is between 2300 and 2700 years old. Presenter: Thats incredible! Now, lets move on to our second caller. Boy caller: Hello. I know a trees leaves help it to take in light from the sun. But Id like to ask what the bark of a tree does. Professor Beech: Well, the bark is like our skin - it protects the living part of the tree and the tubes which carry water from a trees roots to its leaves. If the bark is badly damaged, the tree dies. Animals such as goats, love eating bark, so its especially important to keep animals away from young trees. Presenter: Thank you. Whats the next question? Male caller: Hi. Id like to ask: how is it possible to calculate the age of a tree by counting its rings, without cutting the tree down? Presenter: Good question. Perhaps you could start by explaining what the rings are that this caller is referring to. Professor Beech: Well, most trees grow bigger every year. Just under the bark, there is a circle of soft cells which hardens every spring or summer. This forms a ring of new wood each year. This means we can calculate the age of the tree by counting rings. Presenter: You can see the rings if you cut the tree down. But how do you do this without killing the tree? Professor Beech: We can drill into the tree to make a deep, narrow hole. We then extract a very thin piece of wood which does no damage to the tree. Presenter: and are the rings the same width every year?
Professor Beech: No, they arent. The width depends on the climate and the amount of rain. If theres a lot of rain during the year, the rings are quiet wide. If its a dry year, the rings are narrower. In this way, we can find out what the weather was like hundreds of years ago when the tree was younger. Presenter: Really? Well, Im afraid thats all we have time for in todays programme. Thanks to everyone. Natural Drill - artificial Drill into unnatural narrow nature wide Giant climate dwarf weather incredible damage bark light - trunk lighten leaves protect root Prevent fruit predict Stem Damage(v) )) calculate Damage(n) )) count Damages(n) ) ) calculator vary rings Renewable harden Raw - hard extract hardly )) borer word opposite Natural Unnatural Giant Dwarf Incredible credible Badly well raw cooked 1-Respond the following: 1-Saud wants her mother to help her with her homework. 2-Mina broke the vase. 3-Mariam brought you a camera. 4-Your friend failed the exam.
A- And now it's your full-time job? B- That's right. My second novel was published last year. 2-A- Could you help me carry the shopping into the house, please, Aisha? B- OK, Mum. Where shall I put it? A- Just put the bags on the kitchen floor for the moment Place Speaker A:.. Speaker B: Function:. 3-Translate tinto Arabic: In the winter, many animals and birds travel hundreds of kilometres to places with a warmer Climate and more food. This incredible journey takes place every year at about the same time. It is common to see birds sitting on walls or telephone wires waiting to travel the long distance between the places where they spend their summers and their winters 4-Translate into English: 1- . 2- . . ====================================================== : Navigation Forest clearance Ban Purify Carbon dioxide Granted Candle Wax Polish poaching
================================================================= 1-A person who does not speak out against the wrong is a mute devil. 2-Paradise is under mothers' feet.
:) )
nuts Bean nuts fuel serious breathe breath
purple
rosy wood The wood wooden Made of
Made in Made out of Made from Park Bark(v) Keep away from Keep out Keep off
) ) - -
Keep on Be used to+ ing Thing be +used to+ inf Chlorophyll Equation balance
cardboard instrument products rubber sap toothpaste turpentine A very stiff thick paper used especially for making boxes. Something such as a piano or violin used for producing musical sounds. Things that are made or grown to be sold. A substance used for making tyres , boots , etc. The liquid that carries food through plants and trees. Substance used for cleaning your teeth. A strong smelling liquid used for removing paint.
Language Functions
Asking for and Giving Instructions : Asking for instructions -Could you tell me/show me how to---Would you tell me where ------What should I do first---What shall I do ----What should I do if -------How can I ------------------?
Giving instructions -First you should------Then you have to ----After that you must ---Finally you ought to --------It is a good idea to (not to)-----At this point / then----
1- A foreign friend wants to know how to make tea in the Egyptian way. Tell him/her what to do first. 2-You want to know how to use the cash machine. 3- Your friend Hassna asks you how to drive the car. 4- A friend wants a job to help poor people. Advise him or her.
2) Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:
1- A) At last we're here. What time does our flight leave, Dad? B) At midday. We've still got lots of time. Place: A) Are you sure we have everything we need? ------------------------------B) Yes, I'm sure. Please stop worrying, Ali! Speaker A: 2- A) So, for your homework, I want you all to make a list of all the plants growing in your neighbourhood. --------------------B) Shall we just write the names of the plants? Speaker B: A) No, write the names and a short description.
----------------------Function: -----------------------
Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929, he began his career as a diplomat.
2
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Grammar
First Conditional:
1-If + Present simple will / may / can /should / must + inf. may/must / will or : - If Merna has enough time, she'll visit Christine. :
As long as = If
.
.to+inf : were If Marina got up early, she would be active. Were Marina to get up early, she would be active. .
. :if were
Without But for + n. / v+ing would + inf. If it werent for + noun-----------------------would + inf
Without blood banks . Reham would die If it werent for blood banks , Reham would die.
: If Should + + inf.------------ will+ inf If he trains hard, he will win the race.
Should he train hard, he will win the race. S.F.M:::::: SSSMMA_2010@YAHOO.COM
3- Third Conditional
If + Past perfect (had + PP.) (would/could/might) have + PP.
If he had listened to the news, he would have known what happened.
if Had
if in case of
Zero Conditional
If + present simple
present simple
a won't b wouldn't c don't d can't 5 You will understand the lesson-----------------you listen carefully. a unless b except if c as long as d so 6 If she --------------the newspaper, she would have known. a read b reads c had read d will read 7 If I --------------you, I would apologize to her. a am b were c had been d have been 8 If he didn't come , I -----------------him. a would have forgiven b won't forgive c forgive d wouldn't forgive 9 He will pass the test ----------------he studies hard. a except if b unless c if not d only if 10 If he arrived early, ----------------catch the metro? a he would b would he c he will d will he 11 - ---------------he to help us, we would be saved. a If b were c had d should 12 - ------------she arrive early, I would help her. a If b should c were d Unless 13 - -----------he played well , he would have won. a If b Should c Had d Were 14 - -------------- coming early, he would miss the train. a If b without c unless d in case of 15 What ----------------if you were rich? a you will do b would you do c did you do d you did 16 If I were with them, I ------------------stop the fight. a will b may c could d can
on the Mediterranean coast. Hence, we have to attract more and more tourists to visit Egypt all year round by building more comfortable hotels and making all tourist facilities available
1 . . 2
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Tourist: Really? That really must have made travelling around Cairo easier, especially for commuters. Egyptian man: It certainly has. Trains carry nearly two million people every day. Tourist: Is it expensive? Egyptian man: No, not at all. Thats one of the best things about it. Journeys cost the same whether you travel between the stations or go from one end of the line to the other. Tourist: Thats fantastic! It must have saved people a lot of money and improved the journeys to work. Egyptian man: It has. Tourist: So how many lines are there in the system? Egyptian man: There are two at the moment, but there are plans for six lines. Line two goes from Shobra to El Monib. It goes under the Nile. Tourist: Really? Thats amazing! Tunnelling under the Nile cant have been easy. Egyptian man: They used a massive drilling machine called Nefertiti. It dug a tunnel with a diameter of over eight meters. Tourist: Is there a line to the airport? Egyptian man: No, not yet- thatll be line three. Theyve started work on it already. Tourist: the whole thing sounds like a massive engineering project. It cant have been cheap. Egyptian man: No, it wasnt, but were very proud of it, and it's considered to be one of the most modern underground systems in the world. And, of course, its an investment in Egypts future as a centre for tourism and business. Tourist: when will it be finished? Egyptian man: All six lines might be open by 2022. ==================================================================================
1-Vocabulary
City centre Outskirts -underground Subway -railway Rail -The Middle East System -line( n) -nearly Approximately -passenger -especially Specialization -cost Expenditure -Tunnel Subway Funnel -engineer (v) Engineering (n) downtown suburbs the underground The Metro railroad fence The Far East discipline line(v) roughly about traveller commuter specialist cost(v) budget Tunnelling tune tone engineer( n) geometry - -
Verb engineer Mass commute -invest -
Samir Fahmy
4- Some language Notes
1- : the
The north the west the east Northern western eastern Ex: 1-Assuit lies in the north of El-Minya. 2- Assiut is in southern of Sohag the south of southern
2-
A lot =much taller---bigger---etc ( greatly) A bit = a little (slightly) Ex:1- Travelling by bus is a lot cheaper than travelling than by plane. 2-Diamond is much more expensive than silver.
4-
1-The first line opened in 1982. == The first line was opened in 1982. ========================================================================
1-Illitercy is the main cause of the suffering that the developing countries face nowadays. Therefore, the governments of these countries should do their best to put an end to such a great enemy of progress and prosperity. 5-Translate into English
.1- . 2-
It was unthinkable that Egypt should lose one of its most important monuments, so plans were made to rescue it. The massive statues were into pieces which weighed over 30 tonnes each. These were raised over 60 metres up the cliff, where they were attached to a concrete base. The work took thousands of workers more than three years to complete. Today, the temples, which were re-opened in 1968, are an amazing combination of ancient and modern engineering.Many years after the building of Abu Simbel, China had a different problem which was solved by another great engineering project. Many years ago,enemies were attacking the rich towns of northern China. The emperor decided to keep the attacks out, so work on the Great Wall of China began in 220 BC and continued for hundreds of years. Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6400 km. It is the longest Structure ever built and was all made without machines. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiers to ride along on horses to stop attackers from climbing over the wall.
Great Works Site Temple Grave Cliff Position Illuminate Illumination Statue Flood Unthinkable Rescue Weighted over Raise over.,, up Concrete Basis Re opened Enemy Raid
emperor reached a length of B C= Before Christ A D= Anna Domino
greet work location tomb carved into calf be+ situated in eliminate elimination figure - float monuments massive outweighed by attached to base basic combination raiders
attackers soldiers Eventually Structure Its five-meter width
@so that 3- In 1954, the government decided to build Aswan High Dam .
#In 1954, the government decided to have Aswan High Dam built. 4- Plans were made to rescue it. . make 6400 km was all made without machines. 7-. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiers to ride along on horses .
5- Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6- It is the longest structure ever built and
Language Function Guess and deduce 1-It must be It can't be 2- It may be .It might be.. 3- I think it ishe is.. she is 1-Respond these sentences
1-Why is everyone putting their umbrellas up? 2- Leila took her driving test yesterday. Now she's looking very unhappy. 3- My friend told me the homework was on page 41, but there isn't a page 41 . 4-Karim thought he had shut the gate to the field, but now the goats are all in the road.
2-Mention the place ,the speakers and function in each of the following two mini-dialogues.
1A- Excuse me. Do you speak English? B- Yes, I do. How can I help you? A- Could you tell me the way to the Cairo Tower, please? B Yes. Cross the road here, take the first road on the right. and the tower is at the end of that road. 2- A- We have to give our English homework in today. B- I know, but I don't know where my book is. A- Isn't it in your school bag? B- No, I think I must have left it at home.
10-The government( rose-arose-raised-aroused) the price of cigarettes. 12-The road to Assuit from Cairo reached a ( width-length-long-wide) of 400 km. 13-The Rome conquered Egypt 109 (BC- BBC-BA-BSC) . 14-Leila suffered headache due the ( combine-combination-delegation-group) of jet lag and high altitudes. 15-Modern houses are made of( steel-mud-concrete-concord). 16-Her disadvantages outweighed( in-of-at-by) his advantages. 17-A great fortress was built (under - underneath - below - beneath) the mount. 18-Everyone is putting (his - their - ones - there) umbrellas as it is raining heavily.
Choose the right answer :4- After school Gates went to the most (unknown -ordinary -well known ) university in America. 5- Gates and his (pen friend - colleague - classmate) Paul Alien started Microsoft in 1975.
Samir Fahmy
Present
001% She is clever. I'm sure ------I'm certain----I think----I believe----I imagine---Certainly---must + %80 -
-He must have been a teacher. -I think he recorded the song. -He must have recorded the song.
can't have + pp
-He can't be a teacher. -I'm sure, he isn't the killer. -He can't be the killer.
may=could +
-He can't have been a teacher. -I think he didn't go to the country. -He can't have gone to the country.
%50 may have + pp
-He may be a teacher. -Perhaps, he arrives early. -He may arrive early.
-He may have been a teacher. -Perhaps she phoned me. -She may have phoned me.
might have + pp
very not sure might + very not certain -He might be a teacher. it is possible -It's possible he will come. I don't think so -He might come. I don't believe
%25
-He might have been a teacher. -I don't think they went out. -They might have gone out.
about it. 9- The policeman told her to turn right and she turned left. She ( must-may-can't-could) have understood him. 10- It (must-may-might-can't ) be a bird. You must be mistaken. 11- When he worked up he didnt find his watch. Someone (must-can't-should- mustn't) have stolen it.
112- He (must be can't be won't be must have been) ill. He eats like a horse. 13-He (will have must have - could have need to have) taken the early train. I'm really not sure. 214-You (can may not should can't) take any pictures here. The sign over there says, "No Photographing." 315-She (is capable has the ability can could) to explain things clearly. 416-The rain (might - must shall need) have stopped by now. I'm not sure.
Samir Fahmy
4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly. .
1- I'm not sure how well did in the test at school today, . 2- You can't have been very thirsty. There's no orange juice left in the bottle . 3- Diana may have been ill .He went to school and played the match.. 4- He must be married. He is three years old. 5-You shouldn't smoke .It is not allowed. 6-Karima may be rich she has three cars and a villa in marina.
1-
2-.
Samir Fahmy
1-Key Vocabulary
Present Presenter Knock Complain Campaign
Bestseller Author Health Cure Recuperation Engineering Admit Own up Guest Hostess Disappointed Disappointment Kidnapped Island Biography Permanently Permanent
healthy recuperate post operation literature confess deny host visitor frustrated frustration kidnappers isle autobiography Temporary Temporarily
sale
- -
playwright
Ing i n g (
6Excited
)7-Profession
) ( ed )
11-Respectable 12-Respected
13-Essay
16-Review
17-Article
- ..... - -- - . . . . . . .
19-Critic
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
Situation Agree Accept Approval -It's a good idea. -That would be nice. -All right/That sounds good Refuse- Disagree- Decline -I am not very keen . -I'd like to but I can't. -I'm sorry, I can't.
1-Suggestion
1-What\How about +v+ ing? 2-Why don't we+ ? 3-Let's
Exercises
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde takes place in London in the nineteenth century. Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist, is doing research into human nature. He believes that human beings have a good and evil side and that these sides are always in conflict. Dr. Jekyll colleagues disagree with his ideas and disapprove of his research. So Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas. He takes special medicine which changes not only his character, but also his appearance. For a short time after he takes the medicine, he becomes Mr. Hyde, an evil man who looks frightening, his a violent personality and commits terrible crimes. Later, friends think something strange is happening when Dr. Jekyll rewrites his will, leaving everything to Mr. Hyde, a man they do not know. They worry more when the police start asking questions about Mr. Hyde. Who is this stranger who is never seen at the same time as Dr. Jekyll? They think that Dr. Jekyll may be protecting Hyde from the place, or that Hyde is blackmailing Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy being Mr. Hyde. He changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into Mr. Jekyll. Eventually Dr. Jekyll changes into Mr. Hyde without taking any medicine and finds he cannot change back again. This means that he cannot leave his house, because someone might see him and he might be arrested. The story ends badly for both characters.
badly Science supernatural Living things Good Strife Fight Struggle Approve of Mystery Personal Appear Freighted Eventually Personnel manager Character Comment Well bribe Idioms and Expressions 1-Scientist, is doing research into human nature DO Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas not only his character, but also his appearance ----- Commits terrible crimes. - Commit suicide 1-Choose the correct answer 1- She has a very nice (character-personal-personality-person) She is kind to everyone she meets.
2- People who ( make-commit-did-gave)serious crimes should be sent to prison. 3- He left everything to his son in his( well-will-walls-intention).
respected scientist research human nature human beings evil conflict colleagues disapprove of secret character his appearance. frightening, violent Violence personality commits his will blackmailing
4- When my brother started his new job, all his .( flat mates-classmates-lodgers-colleagues) were friendly and helpful. 5- If you are going for a job interview, your( shoes-appearance-clothes-appears) is important. You must look your best. 6- All The Nile Basin countries ( argue-conflict-sleep-discuss) for the Nile Water. 7- We ( bang-hit-punch-knock). on the door three times, but they did not hear us. 8- Nurses are part of the medical ( profession - work - job career). 9- I get on well with all my ( people - workers colleagues-- relatives) at work, but they are not close friends. 10- The accident (.took-occurred-came-caused) place at eight o'clock when everyone was on their way to work. 11- They left two hours ago, so they .( must b must have e have d can't have) . arrived by now. It is not far. 12-According human ( nature-natural- naturally -nose) man wants to know everything 13-Scientists do experiments ( at-on-of-for) animals. 14-The journalist ( blacksmith-blackmailed-blackboard-blacklist) the minister after seeing him narrow situation. 15-All human( are-be-beings-living) can think. 16-Not only did Mariam succeed ,( so-but-if-as) she also got high marks.
Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues: .
1- A So, John, could you tell our listeners how you started? B- Certainly. It was when I was seven. I won first prize in a poetry competition. When I was a student some of my stories were published in a university magazine. A- And now it's your full-time job? B That's right. My second novel was published last year. 2- A Could you help me carry the shopping into the house, please, Aisha? B -OK, Mum. Where shall I put it? A- Just put the bags on the kitchen floor for the moment Place:. Speaker A;. Speaker B: Function:..
-1 -2
: ( )
1-
:1-
1-said to told Said said Says to tells Say say : said : Mentioned-claimed-asserted-denied-complained -agreed.. Etc
. that 2 -
3-
must . 4- must have + pp wasn't to
then
1-Sarah said to me I will travel to Tanta tomorrow Sarah told me that he would travel to Tnata the next day. and added that that : She said I didnt attend the party. I must apologize. She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had to apologize.
ordered asked told advised 1- : ( to + 2- ) 1-He said to his son Help the poor. He advised his son to help the poor. ( not to + 3- ) 2-He said to me dont waste your time. He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time. 3-He said tome " Open the door and don't close the window." He ordered me to open the door and not to close the window.
.1. 1-Teacher said to Students, The earth is round. The teacher told students that the earth is round. . Rania says, I will travel to London. Rania says that she will travel to London. . He said just now, No one is allowed to leave. He said just now that no one is allowed to leave.
inquired
1-Alaa said to me, Do you speak English ? Alaa asked me if I spoke English ? 2-Bassma said to me, Where did you spend your holiday last year ?" Bassma asked me where I had spent my holiday the year before.
1-Wesal ( wondered-said-said to-told) his son had bought a car the day before. 2--Menatallah told me that she( would-will- had- had) visit Tanta the following day. 3-The teacher told his students that The Nile( ran-had run-will run-runs) in Egypt. 4-Mervet ordered Maha( to if- whether- not to) make noise in the class. 5-Alaa asked me ( why-where-what-when) I had gone the day before. 6-Do you know where( Dina went-did Dina go-Dina had gone-had Dina gone) the previous day. 7-The police ( told-warned-wondered-wandered) people from the deadly spiders. 8-I do not approve( of-in-off-at ) your opinion, 9-She asked me where I (stay-did I stay-was staying-am I staying) then. 10-(Who-Whose-Where-How many) book was the one you were pointing at? 11-The interviewer asked the professor (whether-unless-that-whatever) he had worked 12-I want know how (you helped-have you helped-do you help-had you helped) her. 13-Can you kindly tell me where (is the manager-the manager is-the manger was)? 14 She asked me whether( I had been - I went I go - had I been)) there before 15 The piano is our favourite musical ( tool - instrument - equipment device) 16 Her uncle can't remember his accident. The doctor thinks he may have. ( a headache- phobiaamnesia- injury)
S.F.M 2011 0106544801
As far as surface Degree centigrade ultraviolet rays, Infrared rays absorbed in Take in inhale Soak up
Language Notes
1-afraid of Afraid for Afraid to 2-be the right ( have ; be ) 3-definitely ) : Interestingly / undoubtedly /unfortunately / luckily Ex: 1-Interestingly, many people prefer to use traditional banks than online banking. 2- Undoubtedly, he is the best person for the job. 4-absorb into= in= soak up= = Ex:1-The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. 2-Towels absorb moisture. -absorbent - 5-We do have information= for sure for emphasis do Ex: 1-I do love you Manal= I love you very much.
Mention the place and the speakers in each of the following two mini-dialogues.
1A -Excuse me. Do you speak English? B- Yes, I do. How can I help you? A Could you tell me the way to the Cairo Tower, please? B- Yes. Cross the road here, take the first road on the right. and the tower is at the end of that road. 2- A- We have to give our English homework in today. B- I know, but I don't know where my book is. A- Isn't it in your school bag?
9- If it rains so hard that the soil cannot( absorb-sort-soak-sick)water quickly enough, there are floods. 10- When there is an eclipse, of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop( singing.-sing-singssongs) 11-If you look at the sun without sunglasses you will( go-get-grow- fall) blind. 12- She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her ( eyes-sight-see-seeing) ' 13-My mother put fried fish on( absorb-absorbent-a sort- absorbs) paper. 14-The adjective is harmful The verb and the noun is ( harms-harm-hurt-harmless) 15-The verb from sight. Is ( sighted-sought-see-sighed) . 16- (Volcanic -Volcano- Vowels-Vow) dust causes the
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Unusual Weather
For most people, the word weather means the Sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in southern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us. However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts called these balls ball lightning. Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain, in 1703, killed more than 8,000 people. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people. Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others. However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in England froze.
What will happen to our weather in the future? No one really knows, but one day unusual weather may not be unusual any more.
predictions weather forecast give explanation waves drought lightning northern southern occur phenomenon earthquake erupt economy - float experts drown violent beneath flood sandstorm tornado heat waves geothermal energy roughly landscape tides wind blow
cause drought lightning northern occur phenomenon rainfall southern to make something happen a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water. a bright flash of electrical light in the sky during a storm in or from the north part of a country or area. to happen especially without being planned first. something that happens or exists especially something that is unusual or difficult to understand. The amount of rain that falls on an area in a particular period of time. in or from the south part of a country or area.
a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise the ability to see light which can make people's skin go darker.
a floods b eclipses c rain d earthquakes 16 We can't see -----------, but they can damage our skin. a ultraviolet rays b sun c waves d earthquakes 17 She doesn't need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her---a skin b sight c hand d heart 18 Greece and Spain are in ------------------- Europe. a north b northern c south d southern 19 An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural ------------a phenomena b phenomenon c phone d - phonetic 20 It has not rained here for five months , it is the longest ----- anyone can remember. a flood b earthquake c rain d drought 21 When I was a child I was afraid of storms . I covered my eyes in order not to see the --------------a moon b sun c lightning d thunder 22 The ultraviolet -------- can cause skin cancer. a toys b trays c rays d sprays 23 The volcano is in a state of ----------------------a eruption b corruption c instruction d structure 24 We should agree to ---------- the amount of pollution. a reduce b deduce c refuse d introduce 25 Plants ------------- oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. a absorb b absorbs c absorption d give out
1- . 2- .
( IF)
Exercises
1 - Mention the place, the speakers and the language each of the following two minidialogues: 1-A B A B 2-A B A
Good morning, Mr. Ali. Good morning, Delia. You're very late this morning. Yes, I'm sorry. The train was delayed. Well, Could you take these letters to the post and could you call Mr. Hany? Excuse me; I'm looking for some information about Festivals around the World for my English class. There're some books about festivals in the culture section over. If I find something, can I take it home and read it?
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then correct them :
1--If I felt tired, I usually go to bed early. 2-If I found any money at school, I'll take it to one of the teachers. 3-If you haven't taken those photos, I wouldn't have remembered our holiday. 4-I'll tell you if I saw anything unusual. 5-If there hadn't been a doctor on the train, the man would die. 6-If his wife hadn't been rich, he doesn't marry her. 7-Unless she makes that phone call, she wouldn't have known about his illness. 8-Unless he arrives early, he will have missed the lecture. 9-If he were a lawyer, he helps me. 10-Had he seen the signal, he wouldn't make that accident.
A ) Translate into Arabic : Weather is not the same as climate. Weather is the condition of the air during a brief period. Climate is the average weather of an area over a long time.
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a- start b- launch c- set off d- beginning 2- The medicine I'm taking is wonderful. It has no side ......... , ..... . a- results. b damage. c effects. d problems. 3- My brother and I are not twins, but we are very .............. . a- alike. B- same . c -like. d- correct. 4 -Coal and oil are two kinds of fossil., ...... , ..... a- petrol. b- gas. c- energy. d- fuels. 5- Electricity is produced in a .. .. station. a- bus b- railway c- power d- energy 6 -I expect ......... : ...... you at the weekend. a -I'm going to see b- I'll see c- I'm seeing d- I see 7- The film ........ , .. ', ... at 7.30 this evening. a- starts b- will start c -is starting d- is going to start 8- How ............... times have you seen that film? a- many b- much c-lots d- different 9 -The distance from here to Cairo ........... , .... two kilometres. a - are b- has been c- is d- is being 10 -In some places, wood ................ to heat people's homes. a- are burnt b -burns c burnt d- is burnt 11-The word " geo" means -----------------a moon b sun c earth d heat 12-Coal , oil and gas are all forms of ---------------------------a atomic energy b nuclear energy c hydroelectric d fossil fuels 13-Do you like chicken or fish? a- a b- an c- any d- no article 14- Ten minutes ..........enough to put on your clothes. a- is b- are c- has d- have 15-- Athletics ..............a good form of exercise. a- is b- are c- has d- have 16- - --------- means the study of the language and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans. a Classic b Classical c Classify d Classics
5 -Read the following passage and then answer the questions (5 marks)
The Maldives is famed for its rare underwater beauty. The profusion of colours and the abundance and variety of life underwater have fascinated divers and snorkellers since Maldives was discovered as a diving destination. The highest level of visibility, that one could expect, sometimes exceeds 50 meters. Wann temperatures throughout the year makes diving in the Maldives a delight; you would want to experience over and over again. The Maldives has some of the best dive sites in the world and many visit the Maldives repeatedly for the sole purpose of
diving. All resorts in the Maldives have professional dive schools with multi-lingual instructors and conduct courses for beginners as well as the advanced. Many of the resorts have excellent house reefs. Just a short swim from the beach and snorkellers too can experience the same pleasures from the surfing ice
D- The Novel