http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abb/v18n3/v18n3a27.

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http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abb/v18n3/v18n3a27.pdf http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/95/1/1 http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/cannacea.htm http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-33062004000300027&script=sci_arttext http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/plant-histology/anatomy-monocot-root.php http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/cannacea.htm

Young root tip: axis of the plant which grows in the opposite direction from the stem, maintain the plant in place and absorbs nutrients. Surface: view of the external part of a root. Longitudinal section: cut through the length of the root. Root hair zone: part of the root on which are located the root hairs that absorbs water and nutrients. Elongation zone: set of cells that determine the growth of the root. Apical meristem: tissue at the top of the root composed of rapidly multiplying cells. Root cap: envelope that protects the young root.

Diagnostic Features of a Monocot Root

* Presence of thin walled cells in the epiblema. * Absence of cuticle and stomata. * Presence of unicellular root hairs. * Presence of passage cells and casparian thickenings in the endodermis. * Presence of parenchyma cells in the pericycle. * Presence of conjuctive tissue. * Presence of a distinct pith. * Presence of radial vascular bundles with polyarch condition and an exarch xylem.

Root anatomy. Root xylem with vessels and without vessels (mainly

simple).
Canna edulis, makes an edible root and is the source of arrowroot starch. Its seeds have been used as shot (thus the common name, "Indian shot"). Canna is from the Greek for a type of reed.
Comparison between the roots of Dicot and Monocot:

Dicot Root

Monocot Root

E x: B e a n s
1. Vascular bundles 2. Pith 3. Cambium Diarch to hexarch, open S m a l l o r a b se n t Conjunctive m e r i st e m a t i c tissue and

Ex : Canna
Polyarch closed. Relatively large b e c o m e sC o n j u n c t i v e r e su l t s i nb e c o m e a tissue does not and

m e r i st e m

secondary growth

c o m p l e t e a b se n c e o f s e c o n d a r y growth.

4. Pericycle

I t m a y g i v e r i s e t o c o r k c a m b i u m a n dI t m a y g i v e r i s e t o o n l y l a t e r a l lateral branches b r a n c h e s.

Comparison between the structures of stem and root:

In the root of canna, the cuticle is usually absent. Epidermal outgrowth or the epiblema hairs are unicellular. Stomata are absent. The hypodermis is not distinct from the inner cortex. Cortex is usually homogenous that contains cells parenchyma. Endodermis is present. Pericycle is usually one-layered and the pith is relatively small, sometimes absent.

Stem 1. Cuticle 2. Trichomes P r e se n t , t h i c k / t h i n W h e n p r e se n t , is multi-cellular

Root Usually absent o rE p i b l e m a h a i r s a r e u n i c e l l u l a r

unicellular on the Epidermis. 3. Stomata 4. Hypodermis P r e se n t Either collenchymatous Absent o rN o t d i s t i n c t f r o m i n n e r c o r t e x .

s c l e r e n c h y m a t o u s. 5. Cortex When with p r e se n t , is h e t e r o g e n e o u s,H o m o g e n o u s parenchyma a n dp a r e n c h y m a . with cells of

collenchyma,

sclerenchyma. 6. Endodermis Usually absent; endodermoid l a y e rG e n e r a l l y p r e se n t

m a y b e p r e se n t 7. Pericycle 8. Vascular bundles T w o t o f e w l a y e r e d / a b se n t Many, conjoint, collateral One layered o r2 - 1 2, radial, exarch, form a

bicollateral,

regularly

a r r a n g e db r o k e n r i n g .

forming a broken ring or scattered in ground tissue, endarch. 9. Pith Well marked and large or n o tR e l a t i v e l y s m a l l o r a b s e n t .

differentiated

10. Branching

Exogenous, originating from cortex

E n d o g e n o u s, pericycle.

arising

form

The epiblema or the root epidermis is a uniseriate paranchyma layer that has no definite shape. The cells are thinwalled and has no cuticle for absorbing water. The hypodermis is composed of 2-3 layers of cells, this layer is below the root epidermis and is the outermost part of the cortex. This is usually suberized to prevent water loss. The storage parenchyma cells which composed the largest part of the cortex consists of thin-walled parenchyma cells, these storage parenchyma of canna is somhow regularly arranged in colums, with little intercellular spaces. The cells Tre cuboidal but with curved edges The endodermis is the one layer of very compact layer cells that surround the stele. The radial and transverse walls of the are lifnified and suberized to control the water passage, the casparian strip. The pericycle is the singe layer of cell under the endodermis, this is the outermost layer of the stele. The cells that are scattered in the stele, which surrounds the vascular bundled are the conjuctive parenchyma cells, they are usually for water storage. The Vascular bundles are in radial arrangement. There are 7 bundles of xylem and phloem, thus polyarch. The xylem is exarch because the metaxylem or the newly deleveloped cells are near the core while the old cells (protoxylem) are on the periphery.