G.K.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF EEE MODEL EXAMINATION Time: 3 Hrs. Date: 16.10.

2012 Total: 100 Marks EE2402-PROTECTION & SWITCHGEAR

PART-A (10x 2=20 Marks)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What do you understand by shielding angle in over-voltage protection? Give the approximate value. List the merits of resistance grounded system. List the basic requirements of protective relay. Give the significance of negative sequence relay. A 3 phase transformer having line voltage ratio of 440 V/ 11 kV is connected in star/delta. The protection transformer on LV side has a ratio of 500/5 A. What must be the ratio of protective transformer on HV side? 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Draw a protective scheme to detect a turn-turn fault in a winding of an alternator. What are the major design problems in a HVDC circuit breaker? Give a neat schematic of the same. Draw the circuit breaker timing diagram starting from the instant of fault to the instant of circuit breaker reclosing. Differentiate between symmetrical and unsymmetrical breaking current. Discuss the role of comparators in static relays.

PART-B (5x16=80 Marks)

11. (a)(i) State the causes of transient over-voltage surges in a power system. (8) (ii) What is a ground wire? Discuss its location and working with respect to power conductors. (8) (b) Write short notes on: (i) Expulsion type arrester. (8) (ii) Surge Absorber. (8) (OR) 12. (a) (i) Explain the protection of transformers using buchholz relay. (8) (ii) An alternator rated at 10 kV protected by the balanced circulating current system has its neutral grounded through a resistance of 5 . The protective relay is set to operate

Prepared by S. THANGALAKSHMI, Associate professor/EEE, GKMCET,Chennai-63.

when there is an out of balance current of 1.8 A in the pilot wires, which are connected to the secondary windings of 1000/5 ratio current transformers. Determine (A) the percent winding which remains unprotected, required to protect 80% of the winding. (OR) (b) (i) Explain clearly how ring main feeders are protected by graded time lag directional relays. (8) (ii) Describe the carrier current phase comparison relaying in detail. (8) 13. (a) Explain the construction, principle and working of induction type directional overcurrent relay with a neat schematic. (16) (OR) (b) Derive the torque equation of a Mho relay using universal relay torque equation. Draw the same and explain its working using R-X diagram. Also discuss the effect of arc resistance on its performance. (16) 14. (a) (i) Derive an expression for TRV when R=. (8) (ii) A 3-phase 11 kV alternator is connected to a circuit breaker. The inductive reactance up-to the circuit breaker is 5 ohms/phase & the capacitance to neutral is 0.001F. Determine peak re-striking voltage across the CB, frequency of re-striking voltage transients and maximum RRRV. (8) (OR) (b) (i) Explain the need of pre-insertion resistance across the breaker and derive an expression for the same. (3+6) (ii) In a system of 132 kV, the circuit phase to ground capacitance is 0.02 F, the inductance is 5H. Calculate the voltage appearing across the poles of a CB if a magnetic circuit of 8A is interrupted instantaneously. Also, calculate the value of pre-insertion resistance to be used across the contact space. (3+4) 15. (a) Discuss in detail the construction, principle of operation and working of SF6 circuit breaker using neat schematic. List the merits and demerits. (16) (OR) (b)Explain the role of oil in arc quenching. Discuss in detail the working principle and construction of MOCB. What are the limitations of bulk oil breaker? (16) (B) the minimum value of earthing resistance

ALL THE VERY BEST

Prepared by S. THANGALAKSHMI, Associate professor/EEE, GKMCET,Chennai-63.