Introduction to Pspice Orcad Capture

Nik Din Muhamad Jabatan ENCON Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, UTM. E-mel:nikd@fke.utm.my

About Pspice SPICE, the acronym for a Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis, was developed at the University of California Berkeley. Pspice is a commercial version, developed by Microsim Corporation. In 1997 Pspice was bought by Orcad, Inc., then in 1998 Cadence bought Orcad. There are two graphical design entries available: Capture and Schematic. The Capture was inherited from Orcad, whilst the Schematic was inherited from Microsim. Microsims Schematic Editor is still available now and for the next few years until the Pspices users become more familiar with Orcad Capture. A general procedure to use Pspice Orcad Capture Circuit simulation in Pspice is a four-step process: 1. Open and draw a circuit file under Orcad Capture 2. Simulate 3. Plot results using probe 4. Analyse the results A general procedure to use Pspice can be given as follows: 1. Open the Orcad Capture Choose the menu option Start:Programs:Pspice Student: Capture Student In the Create New Project dialog box, tick Create a Blank Project. Click OK. 2. Create a new Project or open an existing Project Choose the menu option File: New: Project Give your project a name in the dialog box. Select Analog or mixed A/D Wizard Click OK Or Choose the menu option File: Open: Project Use the browse button in the dialog to locate the folder containing your Pspice files. Click OK 3. Load Libraries of Parts Choose the menu option Place: Part: Add library We recommend adding all of the available part libraries. Click OK

4. Choose the Parts for your schematic Choose the menu option Place: Part In the Place Part dialog box, choose the specific part by selecting Libraries and Part list. Click OK. Locate the part on drawing with mouse, then right click on the mouse and select End Mode. To rotate a part, select part and type r. To flip a part vertically, select part and type v. To flip a part horrizontally, select part and type h. 5. Specify the attributes of the part Double click on the value of the part In the Display Properties dialog box, change the value. Or Double click on the part. In the Orcad Capture Property Editor, change the attribute values. The Orcad Capture Property Editor is a spreadsheet type, like Excell. We can add a new column, if needed. A different part requires a different attribute values. Some parts (such as Vdc, R, L, and C) require only one attribute , usually the value of the part, that we must specify; and the other parts (such as VSIN, VPULSE and VPWL) require a few attribute values. Mastering this is an important thing to mastering Pspice. Appendix A gives a list for the frequent used parts and their attribute values. The process of locating a part, placing it on the layout grid and setting the attribute values is repeated for each part in your circuit. 6. Wire the schematic Choose the menu option Place: Wire Locate wire on drawing with mouse, then right click on the mouse and select End Wire. 7. Grounding the circuit The Ground is always required for any circuits that we want to simulate using Pspice. Choose the menu option Place: Ground In the Place Ground dialog box, choose Add Libraries. In the Browse File dialog box select Pspice folder and choose Source, then click Open. In the Place Ground dialog box again, select Source in the Libraries and select 0. 8. Place Voltage and/or current probes (optional) Choose the menu option Pspice: Marker: Voltage level if needed Choose the menu option Pspice: Marker: Voltage differential if needed Choose the menu option Pspice: Marker: Current into pin if needed 9. Setup the simulation Choose the menu option Pspice: New Simulation Profile

Give your simulation profile a name in the dialog box. In the simulation setting dialog box, select Analysis Type The available analysis types are Time domain (transient), DC sweep, AC Sweep/Noise and Bias point. For Time domain (transient) analysis, set Run to Time (TSTOP) For a typical Time domain analysis, one to ten cycles of the input source is often required. (e.g. for 50 Hz source, Run to time (TSTOP) of 60 ms (three cycles) is enough) 10. Run simulation and display the results. Choose the menu option Pspice: Run The probe window will be prompted automatically. The results for the marked current/voltage probes will be displayed. In the Probe Window choose the menu option Trace: Add trace if needed. In the Probe Window choose the menu option Trace: Eval goal function if needed In the Probe Window choose the menu option Plot: Add Plot to window if needed In the Probe Window choose the menu option Plot: Axis setting if needed 11. Analyse the results Using the cursors. In the Probe Window, choose Cursor: Display. Then, you will be given access to two cursors. One of the cursors is controlled by the left mouse button and one is controlled by the right mouse button. A small window labelled Probe Cursor give the values at each of the cursors as well as the difference between them. Marking a specific voltage level. In the Probe Window, choose Label: Mark. This will label the specific point on the graph, which is pointed to by the cursor that was last moved. Evaluating the goal function. In the Probe Window, choose Trace: Eval goal function. This will invoke the Evaluate Goal Function(s) dialog box. Select the specific function that you want to evaluate. Apendix A Attribute values of the parts that we must specify: Sinusoidal Voltage Source
VSIN VOFF = VAMPL = FREQ = V1

Vsin (VOFF VAMPL FREQ PHASE) VOFF: DC Voltage offset; set to zero for purely sinewave VAMPL: The amplitude of the sinewave FREQ: Frequency PHASE: Phase in degrees; default value 0 degrees

Pulse Voltage Source

VPULSE V1 = V2 = TD = TR = TF = PW = PER = V3

Vpulse (V1 V2 TD TR TF PW PER) V1: Voltage level at the bottom of the pulse V2: Voltage level at the top of the pulse TD: The time delay between t = 0 and the start of the pulse TR: Rise time of the pulse TF: Fall time of the pulse PW: Pulsewidth of the pulse PER: Period of the pulse
V2

V1 TD

TR

PW PER

TF

Piecewise Linear Voltage Source VPWL (T1 V1 T2 V2 T3 V3) T1,V1, T2,V2, T3,V3, are time and voltage pairs that represent points which are connected by straight lines to form the waveform
T1 = T2 = T3 = T4 = V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 =

(T3,V3) (T2,V2) (T4,V4) (T1,V1)

V1

Inductor L (Value IC) Value: The inductance value of the inductor; default value 10uH IC: Initial condition in Amperes of the inductor(optional)
L1 Value = 10uH IC =

Capacitor C (Value IC) Value: The capacitance value of the capacitor; default value 1nF IC: Initial condition in Volts of the capacitor (optional)
C1 Value = 1n IC =

V2 0Vdc

DC Voltage Source VDC (Value) Value: The value of the DC voltage source

1Vac

V3

AC voltage source VAC(value) Value: The value of the AC voltage source

R5 1k

Resistor R(Value) Value: The resistance value of the resistor

Dependent Sources
E1 E
+ -

+ -

E (gain); VCVS

GAIN = 1

F1

F(gain); CCCS
GAIN = 1

G1

+ -

G(gain);VCCS

G GAIN = 1

H1
+ -

H(gain);CCVS

H GAIN = 1

Gain: The gain of the controlled voltage/current

Simulation Practices (Simpract) Simpract 1 Circuit description: Resistive circuit Objective: To find bias point of voltages and current
R1 50 R3 80

VDC 40V R2 100 R4 120

List of Parts: Name VDC R 0 Analysis Type: DC Bias point Simulation Result: The bias point currents (for each branches) and voltages (for each nodes) will be displayed in the Schematic Window. Result sample:
R1 40.00V 50 22.86V R4

Description DC Voltage source Resistor Ground

In Library Source Analog Source

342.9mA V1 40Vdc 342.9mA R2

114.3mA 80 228.6mA

13.71V 114.3mA R3 120

100

0V

Simpract 2 Circuit description: Resistive circuit Objective: To plot the power absobed by RLOAD when RLOAD is varied from 1 to 600 .
R1 50 R3 80

VDC 40V

PARAMETERS:
RLOAD = 100 R2 100 RLOAD {RLOAD}

List of Parts: Name VDC R 0 PARAM Description DC Voltage source Resistor Ground Parameter In Library Source Analog Source Special

Simulation profile: Analysis Type: DC Sweep Options: Primary Sweep Sweep Variable: Global parameter Parameter Name: RLOAD Sweep Type: Linear Start value:1 End value:600 Increment:1 Marker: Mark the current into RLOAD Add Trace: I(RLOAD)*I(RLOAD)*RLOAD Simulation Result: The power absorbed by RLOAD will be displayed in the Probe Window. Result sample:

Simpract 3 Circuit description: Resistive circuit with VCVS Objective: To find bias point of voltages and currents
R5 + 30

1.5Vx
R1 50 + VDC 40V R3 80

Vx
-

R2 100

R4 100

Ppsice Implementation:
E E2 R5 30

R1 50 + VDC 40V R2 100 -

+ -

GAIN = 1.5

+ -

R3 80

R4 100

List of Parts: Name VDC R E 0 Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: DC Bias point Simulation Result: The bias point currents (for each branches) and voltages (for each nodes) will be displayed in the Schematic Window. Description DC Voltage source Resistor VCVS Ground In Library Source Analog Analog Source

Result Sample:
R5 40.00V 7.625V E1 E GAIN = 1.5 R4 9.384V 21.58V 152.5mA 80 R2 215.8mA 93.84mA R3 100 30 58.65mA

40.00V

21.58V R1 50 368.3mA

+ -

+ -

9.384V

V1 40Vdc 0V 309.7mA

100

Simpract 4 Circuit description: Resistive circuit with CCVS Objective: To find bias point of voltages and currents
R5 + 30

25Ix
R1 50 R3 80

Ix
VDC 40V R2 100 R4 100

Pspice Implementation:
H1 GAIN = 25 H R5 30
+ -

R1 50

R3 80

VDC 40V R2 100 R4 100

List of Parts: Name VDC R H 0 Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: DC Bias point Simulation Result: The bias point currents (for each branches) and voltages (for each nodes) will be displayed in the Schematic Window. Result Sample of Simpract 4:
40.00V 251.3mA 33.39V R5 30 251.3mA 25.85V R4 25.85V 25.85V

Description DC Voltage source Resistor CCVS Ground

In Library Source Analog Analog Source

40.00V

26.43V

H1

+ -

H GAIN = 25 264.3mA 26.43V 26.43V

R1 50 271.5mA V1 40Vdc 522.8mA 0V

7.181mA 80 258.5mA R3 100

R2

264.3mA

100

Simpract 5 Circuit description: Resistive circuit with CCVS Objective: To find RTH, VTH and IN at terminals a and b
R5 + 30

25Ix
R1 50 R3 80

Ix
VDC 40V R2 100 R4 100

b
0

Pspice Implementation: (i) To find VTH

H1 GAIN = 25 H R5 30
+ -

R1 50

R3 80

a
VDC 40V R2 100 R4 1T

(ii) To find IN
H1 GAIN = 25 H R5 30
+ -

R1 50

R3 80

a
VDC 40V R2 100 0Vdc Vdummy

(iii) To find RTH

R5 H1 H GAIN = 25 R4 30
+ -

R1 50

80

a
ITEST

0Vdc R2 100

1Adc

b
=

List of Parts: Name VDC R H IDC 0 Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: DC Bias point Simulation Result: The bias point currents (for each branches) and voltages (for each nodes) will be displayed in the Schematic Window. Result sample: (i) VTH
R5 H1 H GAIN = 25 R4 31.65V 80 V1 40Vdc R2 100 0V Ropen 1T 30
+ -

Description DC Voltage source Resistor CCVS DC current source Ground

In Library Source Analog Analog Analog Source

R1 50

b
0

(ii)

IN
R5 H1 H GAIN = 25 R4 30

R1 50

+ -

80 V1 40Vdc R2 100 0V 0Vdc

a
1.412A Vdummy

b
0

(iii) RTH
R5 H1 H GAIN = 25 R4 22.42V 80 30

R1 50

+ -

a
ITEST

0Vdc R2 100

1Adc

b
=

Simpract 6 Circuit description: AC Circuit Objective: To find the phasor of VA and IB

VA 20
V1

IB

j30

100Vac

40 -j60 -j50
0

Pspice Implementation:
AC = yes MAG = yes PHASE = yes R1 20 V1 L1 VPRINT1

IPRINT AC = yes MAG = yes PHASE = yes

{XL/W}
R2 40 C2 C1

100Vac

PARAMETERS:
PI = 3.14169 f = 100 W = {2*PI*f} XL = 30 XC1 = 50 XC2 = 60

{1/(XC2*W)}

{1/(XC1*W)}
0

List of Parts: Name VAC R L C VPRINT1 IPRINT 0 Description AC Voltage source Resistor Inductor Capacitor To record AC Voltage To record AC current Ground In Library Source Analog Analog Analog Special Special Source

Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: AC Sweep/Noise Sweep Type: Linear Start Frequency:100 End Frequency:100 Total points:1 Simulation Result: The magnitude and phase of the VA and IB will be recorded in the Output File. Result sample: FREQ 1.000E+02 FREQ 1.000E+02 VM(A) 1.075E+02 IM(V_IB) 1.792E+00 VP(A) -6.927E+01 IP(V_IB) 2.073E+01

Simpract 7 Circuit description: RLC transient series circuit Objective: To find the capacitor voltage of an RLC series circuit

TCLOSE = 0 1 U1 2

R1 5

L1 100uH

V1 10Vdc C1 10u

List of Parts: Name VDC R L C Sw_tclose 0 Description DC Voltage source Resistor Inductor Capacitor Closed Switch Ground In Library Source Analog Analog Analog Eval Source

Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: Time domain (transient) Run to time: 300us Transient Options: Skip the Initial Bias Point Calculation (SKIPBP) (tick the box) Marker: Place Voltage differential marker across the capacitor Simulation Result: The transient response of the capacitor voltage will be displayed in the Probe window. Result sample:

Simpract 7a Circuit description: RLC transient series circuit Objective: To find the multiple plot of the transient current in RLC series circuit for some values of R (R=0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10).
TCLOSE = 0 1 U1 2 R1 {R} L1 100uH

V1 10Vdc

PARAMETERS:
R=5 C1 10u

List of Parts: Name VDC R L C Sw_tclose PARAM 0 Description DC Voltage source Resistor Inductor Capacitor Closed Switch Parameter Ground In Library Source Analog Analog Analog Eval Special Source

Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: Time domain (transient) Run to time: 1.5ms (please type) Transient Options: Maximum step size: 1u (please type) Skip the Initial Bias Point Calculation (SKIPBP) (tick the box) Options: Parametric sweep(please tick) Sweep variable: Global parameter (please tick) Parameter name: R (please type) Sweep type: Value list (please tick): 0.5 1 2 5 10 (please type) Marker: Place marker at terminal 1 of R Simulation Result: The transient response of the capacitor voltage will be displayed in the Probe window.

Result sample of Simpract 7a:

Simpract 8 Circuit description: Series Resonance Circuit Objective: To find the frequency response of the current in RLC series resonance circuit. The frequency is sewpt from 1Hz to 12kHz.
R1 5 V2 C1 10u L1 100uH

1Vac

List of Parts: Name VAC R L C 0 Description AC Voltage source Resistor Inductor Capacitor Ground In Library Source Analog Analog Analog Source

Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: AC Sweep/Noise (please scroll) Sweep Type: Linear (please tick) Start Frequency:1 (please type) End Frequency:12k (please type) Total points:200 (please type) Marker: Place marker at terminal 1 of R Simulation Result: The frequency response of the current will be displayed in the Probe window. Result Sample:

Simpract 8a Circuit description: Series Resonance Circuit Objective: To find the frequency response of the current in RLC series resonance circuit for some values of R (R = 1, 2, 5, 10). The frequency is swept from 1kHz to 12kHz.
R1 {R} V2 L1 100uH

PARAMETERS:
R=5 C1 10u

1Vac

List of Parts: Name VAC R L C PARAM 0 Description AC Voltage source Resistor Inductor Capacitor Parameter pseudo-component Ground In Library Source Analog Analog Analog Special Source

Simulation Profile: Analysis Type: AC Sweep/Noise (please scroll) Sweep Type: Linear (please tick the radio button) Start Frequency:1k (please type) End Frequency:12k (please type) Total points:200 (please type) Options: Parametric sweep(please tick the box) Sweep variable: Global parameter (please tick the radio button) Parameter name: R (please type) Sweep type: Value list (please tick the radio button): 1 2 5 10 (please type) Marker: Place marker at terminal 1 of R Simulation Result: The frequency response of the current will be displayed in the Probe window. Result sample:

-tammat-