LSPD

To Protect and Serve

Training Bureau 2011

Table of Content
About The Manual........3 ((OOC Rules & Regulations)) ...4 Ranks & Authorities & Bureaus, Units and Offices ........6 Crime Sheet.....8 Civilian Rights ..........14 Roll Calls ..........19 Radio Procedure.20 Radio Codes ..23 LSPD Abbrevations, Jargon and Acronyms.....24 ((Police Commands)) .....25 Mobile Data Computer (MDC)..26 Media Relations & Public Information ..28 Warrants ...29 Evidence...................................................................................................................................29 Laws of Arrest .........................................................................................................................29 Arrest and Search ....................................................................................................................30 Force Matrix ....31 Use of Deadly Force & Shooting Policy ..................32 Field Investigations...................................33 (Self Defence/LAW)..................................................................................................................34 Self Defence..............................................................................................................................35 Components of Physical Self Defence.......................................................................................35 The Police Cruiser ....................................................................................................................36 Pull Over Procedure..................................................................................................................37 Vehicle Chase Procedures ........................................................................................................38 The Force Doctrine ..................................................................................................................39 Arrest Procedure .....................................................................................................................40 Patrol Activities and Purposes .42 Building Searches.....................................................................................................................43 Police Equipment .................................................................................................46 PIT and BOX Manuevers...........................................................................................................48 Roadblock Usage......................................................................................................................51 First Aid ...................................................................................................................56 ((Credits)) 57

About The Police Officer Manual

The Training Bureau Police Officer Manual is intended to help the students and cadets to understand their responsibilities, capabilities and their duties. That way they get informed from their responsibilities, capabilities and their duties, they can behave their status on the LSPD, and how to be successful in that career.

((Please keep in mind that this is created for the Valhalla Gaming Multi Theft Auto Los Santos Police Department and should not be used by anyone else if it has not been allowed. Developed for the Valhalla Gaming MTA LSPD by LSPD Training Bureau.))
Copyright Valhalla Gaming Multi Theft Auto Los Santos Police Department 2011.

(( OOC Rules This page is defined as OOC ))

(( Only the Faction Leader has the authority to approve changes to the OOC Rules. ))

Declarations
The Chief of Police is defined OOCly as the Faction Leader. The Faction Leader represents the LSPD at all times. The Assistant Chief (Chief of Staff) is defined OOCly as the Co-Faction Leader Members with the ranks; Lieutenant, Captain, Commander, Assistant Chief and Chief of Police; are the High Command Staff. The definition Faction Member is in effect if you hold any of these IC ranks; Cadet, PO I, PO II, PO III, Senior PO I, Senior PO II, Sergeant I, Sergeant II, Probationary Detective, Detective I, Detective II, Detective Sergeant, Lieutenant, Captain, Commander, Assistant Chief, Chief of Police. These OOC rules apply for all the Faction Members. Corruption is defined as; Improper and usually unlawful conduct intended to secure a benefit for oneself or another. Its forms include bribery, extortion, and the misuse of inside information. Misconduct is defined as; improper usage of procedures, protocols, rules, regulations or policies or bad conduct which is general looked up on as un-professionalism. Internal Investigations may use both OOC and IC information for the reasons of declaring if a member should be disciplined OOCly or ICly according to if it is declared as Corruption or Misconduct.

Article 1 Membership
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. You must possess a working microphone. You must possess a Ventrilo Client, which you should know how to use it. You must be able to express and understand both verbal and written English. You must have an accepted account for the Valhalla Gaming MTA Server. You must have a Valhalla Gaming Forum Account. You must have at least one character created to your Valhalla Gaming MTA Server. You must accept the Factions OOC Rules.

Article 2 Role-play Standards

A. B. C. D. E. F. Do not become a robot-cop that performs just the job and do not role-play. Have feelings, fear, socialize, love, worry, and such things. Dont use *Describes Firstname_Lastname* Members are expected to use /look and use the characters skin description. Dont use /do as a question. Ask those questions in /b. You are not obligated to use metagamed, powergamed or Non-RP acquired information/evidence to role-play upon. Avoid roleplaying on such information/evidence. OOC Corruption is not allowed. IC Corruption is allowed. But the Faction Leader must allow you to do it. The LSPD External Forum PMs are IC. It acts as an Internal Email system in our office.

Article 3 - Conduct
A. B. C. D. E. F. OOCly respect members of the faction. We all are the players of the same community. We are a family. OOCly, dont speak offensive and use profanity which can be considered as insults to the members of the faction. OOCly respect members and their decisions, of this faction that we have authority to punish or discipline you for violating the OOC rules. Do not ask for promotions, or ask why you have not been promoted. (Once or twice maybe can be accepted. But going on bitching and whining about your rank will not give you that promotion.) Members are not allowed to break the Valhalla Gaming Community, Forum or MTA Server Rules. Members must actively search for where the information/evidence came from and in what way it was acquired before it being used in any faction RP or investigation. The member of the LSPD faction will be held responsible even for the 3rd part metagamed, powergamed or Non-RP acquired information more or less. Name changes/CKed characters must be reported over the forum. Use the Forum Name Change Form. F3 Roster must be equal to the Forum Roster. If the F3 Roster is not equal to the Forum Roster, then the F3 Roster must be corrected accordingly to the Forum Roster. If a member has no F3 Roster Membership, but Forum Roster membership then the member cant be removed until the members C/O or members exercising line command over him/her declare the member inactive. Members must be on the Ventrilo when they are on duty. Following the Ventrilo Faction Channel Policy. When resigning, the resignation will not take effect until 7 days, if no longer period is specified. During this period, member is still affected by the OOC Rules. Failure to use the Resignation Form will result in the member being IC discharged and ones ability to get re-instated will be affected according to the Re-Instatement and Transfer Policy.

G. H. . J. K.

Article 4 Evidence
A. B. C. D. Metagamed, powergamed or Non-RP Acquired Information/Evidence may not be used. Never use OOC names in case files / warrants. Always have a /me taking a photo (Or similar to that) in IC Evidence Photos. Exception: When taking a photo aiming with the camera, so the white picture seeker lines are seen and F12 is being used. IC Recordings must at least hold a /me starts a recording. (Or something similar to that.)

Article 5 Punishments and Disciplinary Actions

Higher ranked members and superiors with authority to discipline and punish ICly may also do so on members violating the OOC rules. OOC Blacklisted + Valhalla Gaming MTA LSPD External Forum Ban OOC Blacklisted Faction Kicked IC Punishments 1. IC Blacklisted 2. Discharged 3. Position Removal 4. Demotion 5. Suspended 6. Fine 7. Disciplinary Task 8. Warning Warning

A. B. C. D.

E.

The Current Bureaus & Units and Offices are;

Crime Sheet

Felonies
First Degree Murder
Premeditated killing of a person(s). Prison Sentence Ordinary case: 120 minutes life in prison.

Second Degree Murder

Non-premeditated killing of a person or people. Prison Sentence Ordinary case: 75 minutes - life in prison. Using a firearm from a motor vehicle: 100 minutes life in prison. By an offender previously convicted of murder: 75 minutes life in prison, without parole. Of a law enforcement officer: 120 minutes life in prison

Attempted murder
Attempt to kill someone. Prison Sentence Ordinary case: 25 45 minutes. Of a law enforcement officer: 75 minutes life in prison.

Manslaughter
Unlawful killing of a human being without malice. Prison Sentence Voluntary manslaughter: 15 55 minutes. Involuntary manslaughter: 10 20 minutes. Vehicular manslaughter: 20 50 minutes.

Assault
An act intended to cause an apprehension of harmful or offensive contact, that causes apprehension of such contact in the victim. Prison Sentence Ordinary case: 5 minutes in prison + $4.000 fine. With a deadly weapon, other than a firearm: 5 20 minutes + $10.000 fine. With a firearm: 50 - 20 minutes + $10.000 fine. Assault with a vehicle: 5 - 20 minutes + $6.000 fine.

Battery
Injuring or other physical contact upon the person of another in a manner likely to cause bodily harm. Prison Sentence Ordinary case: 5 minutes + $6.000 fine.

Hit and Run

Colliding with a person, their personal property (including their motor vehicle), or a fixture, and failing to stop and identify oneself afterwards. Term Ordinary case: 10 40 Minutes + $4000 - $8000 fine - Mandatory License Suspension.

Sexual Assault/Indecent Assault

Assault where an Individual uses force to have sexual intercourse against that persons will. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 5 20 minutes + $8.000 in fines.

Rape
Assault where an individual forces another to have sexual intercourse against that persons will. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 15 40 minutes + $10.000 fine. With a Great Bodily Injury: 40 65 minutes + $15.000 fine.

Kidnapping/False Imprisonment
Illegal capture or detention of a person or people against their will. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 15 15 minutes in prison. For ransom or robbery: 120 minutes - Life in prison.

Theft/Robbery
Seizing property through violence or intimidation. Prison Sentence First Degree Robbery: 15 45 minutes. Second Degree Robbery: 10 45 minutes.

Extortion
Acquiring money, property or services by use of intimidation. Prison Sentence With use of force: 10 20 minutes + $15.000 fine. Without use of force: $15.000 fine.

Forgery
Making or adapting objects or documents with the intent to deceive. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 20 minutes.

Stealing Emergency Vehicles

Hijacking or otherwise taking an emergency vehicle without consent or permission from higher authorities. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 30 minutes.

Grand Theft Auto

Hijacking or otherwise taking a vehicle without consent or permission from the owner. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 15 30 minutes + $8000 - $20 000 fine - Vehicle Damage Cost Cars value over $65.000: Additional 5 minute sentence. Cars value over $200.000: Additional 10 minute sentence.

Vigilantism
To illegally punish someone for actual or perceived offenses, or participate in a group which metes out extralegal punishment to such a person. Ordinary Case: 5 10 minutes + $2.000 fine.

Incitement to Riot/Rioting
Inciting or causing a public disturbance involving an act or acts of violence, vandalism. Ordinary Case: $2,000 in fines and jail time of up to one year

Arson
Setting a fire for an unlawful or improper use. Prison Sentence Arson that causes Great Bodily Injury: 25 45 minutes. Arson that causes an inhabited structure or inhabited property to burn: 15 40 minutes. Arson of a structure or forest land: 10 30 minutes.

Misuse of 911 calls which causes injury/death to others

If someone is injured or dies as a result of emergency service response to a false call. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 minutes + $1000 fine.

Misrepresentation
Pretending to be a government employee, while not being. Ordinary Case: 10 - 20 minutes + $5000 fine.

Conspiracy
An agreement of two or more people to commit a crime, or to accomplish a legal end through illegal actions. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 25 minutes.

Obstruction of justice
Attempt to interfere with the administration of the courts, the judicial system or law enforcement officers, including threatening witnesses, improper conversations with jurors, hiding evidence, or interfering with an arrest - That is, a second person interfering in an arrest -. Such activity is a crime. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 5 25 minutes.

Bribery
Offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions as an official or other person in discharge of a public or legal duty. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 20 minutes.

Perjury
Lying or making verifiable false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 20 minutes. Perjury procuring the conviction and execution of any innocent person: Death OR life in prison without parole.

Aiding and Abetting

Actively participating in the commission of a crime, even though they take no part in the actual criminal offence. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 5 10 minutes.

Failure to obey a lawful order

Willful failure to obey law-enforcement, traffic-control officer, firemen as traffic-control officers which order or direction is directly related to an emergency situation. Ordinary Case: 10 minutes Resulting in death of a person: 20 30 minutes + $15000 fine. Resulting in death of two or more: 30 60 minutes + $30000 fine.

Evasion
Fleeing from a traffic stop, from detaining, from questioning. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 15 - 45 minutes + $2000 fine. By vehicle: 20 - 60 Minutes + $6000 - $12,000 fine - Mandatory License Suspension PS: Punishing for evasion does not affect punishing for Reckless Driving, or Hit and Run. Punishments can be applied simultaneously.

Advanced failure to pay ticket

Second offense for not paying a ticket given out. Ordinary Case: The double of the fine initially given.

Drugs Trafficking and Possession

Possessing, selling and supplying illicit drugs (Drug Dealing). Prison Sentence Possession First Time: 5 15 minutes. Possession Repeat Offender: 15 60 minutes. Trafficking of any kind: 25 50 minutes + $50.000 fine.

Possession of Illegal Weapons without a license.

Assault rifles, Sniper rifles, MP's and MG's. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 30 minutes + $3000 - $20.000 fine.

Misdemeanors
Brandishing a Lethal Weapon
Public exhibition and/or discharge of lethal weapon. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: $10,000 in fines + 20 minutes prison term.

Prostitution
Exchanging a Sexual act in return for money, possessions, ect. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 5 - 20 minutes + $1000 - $5000 fine.

Trespassing
Going into a restricted area owned by the government or somebody else's land or property without permission. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 5 - 15 minutes + $2000 - $10000 fine.

Verbal Assault
Verbal assault is defined as: "Oral or written speech that creates, or is intended to create, a fear of physical harm" Prison sentence Verbal Assault: 10 30 minutes. Verbal Assault against Law Enforcement Personnel: 20 40 minutes.

Stalking
Following someone for a prolonged period without their permission. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: 10 20 minutes + $ 3000 $10000 fine

Driving Under Influence of Alcohol or Drugs

(DUI Limit is 0.06) Terms Ordinary Case: $8000 - $16,000 fine - Mandatory License Suspension First time: $3000 in fines and suspension of vehicle's license for two (2) hours.

Reckless Driving
A serious moving traffic violation, driving any vehicle carelessly and heedlessly in willful or wanton disregard for the rights or safety of persons or property. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: $1000 - $8000 fine + Possible to take license.

Illegal Racing
Unsanctioned and illegal auto racing which takes place on public roads. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: $2000 - $10,000 fine - Mandatory Suspension of License

Driving a non-street legal vehicle on the Road

Driving a vehicle like go carts on the streets. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: $800 - $6000 - Optional Seizure of Vehicle

Failure to yield for an Emergency Vehicle

Failing to let an emergency vehicle past when said vehicle has ordered you to clear a path via use of megaphone or siren. Prison Sentence Ordinary Case: $400 - $1200 fine.

Infractions
Excessive Speed
When you drive above the Road limit. Term Exceeding Speed Limit between 0kmph and 15kmph: $400 - $1000 Exceeding Speed Limit between 16kmph and 25kmph: $1200 - $2000 Exceeding Speed Limit between 26kmph and 35kmph: $2800 - $4000 Exceeding Speed Limit over 35kmph: Optional License Suspension - Seizure of Vehicle Exceeding Speed Limit over 50kmph: Mandatory License Suspension, Charge with Dangerous Driving

Blue Zone Violation

Going through the blue zone without stopping. Term Ordinary Case: $600 - $1000 fine.

Illegal Parking/Blocking Road

Parking a vehicle in an area where such parking is prohibited. Term Ordinary Case: $200 - $1000 fine.

Failure to Maintain Correct Lane

Driving a vehicle in the wrong lane creating a situation where incoming traffic could collide with the vehicle. Term Ordinary Case: $600 - $1200 fine.

Nitrous Possession
Possessing Nitrous Oxide in your vehicle. Term Ordinary Case: $5000 - $7000 fine.

Use of Nitrous
Using or activating a Nitrous Oxide system while installed in a vehicle. Term Ordinary Case: $6000 - $15,000 fine Mandatory License Suspension.

Illegally tinting your vehicle's Windows

Having your vehicles windows tinted above the legal limit. (Windshield: 0%, Front side windows: 35%, Backside windows: 100%, Rear window: 100%) Term Ordinary Case: $5000 - $10000 fine.

Illegal Use of Emergency Lights

Use of emergency lights by non emergency services personnel. Term First time: Revoke license, 10.000$ fine + remove emergency lights. Second time: Revoke license, 15.000$ fine + remove emergency lights. Third time: Revoke license, 20.000,00$ fine, crush vehicle.

Illegal Use of Emergency Sirens

Use of emergency sirens by non emergency services personnel. First time: Revoke license, 10.000$ fine, remove emergency sirens. Second time: Revoke license, 15.000$ fine, remove emergency sirens. Third time: Revoke license, 20.000$ fine, crush vehicle.

Loitering
No person shall sit, lie or sleep in or upon any street, sidewalk or other public way, or interfere with the free passage of civs. 1st time: $50 - $500 fine + verbal warning. 2nd time: $500 - $2000 fine. 3rd time: 10 - 20 minutes + $2000 - $3000 fine.

Failure to Make a Complete Stop When Entering the Roadway

Not making a complete stop and checking all direction when you are entering the roadway. Includes entering from parking, parking lots, driveways, off-road, etc. Ordinary Case: $400 - $600 fine.

Failure to Yield Right of Way

Failing to give right of way to another motor vehicle or pedestrian. Ordinary Case: $400 - $1200 fine.

Do the police have to tell you why you are being arrested?
No. Police are not required to tell you what you're being arrested for. Within 72 hours you have right to be brought before a judge, convicted or released. When brought before a judge or convicted, that's when the charges against you will be read. Nevertheless, at the time of arrest, police will typically give you a basic explanation for why you're being taken into custody.

Are the police required to read you Miranda rights?

No. Many people believe that they can "beat the case" if the officer doesn't read them their Miranda rights during an arrest. The only time an officer must read a person his or her Miranda rights is when the person has been placed under arrest and the officer is about to question the person about a crime. For example, if you're placed under arrest after consenting to a search request and confessing to ownership of found contraband, police do not need to read you your rights unless they want to question you about an unrelated crime. The courts have made clear that police do not have to tell you about your right to refuse searches. Also an officer does not need to get your consent in writing; oral consent is completely valid. Remember that anything you say can and will be used against you in court. So don't try to talk yourself out of the situation, and don't make small talk with police either.

Are drug checkpoints legal?

No. The Supreme Court has ruled that random checkpoints for the purpose of finding illegal drugs are unconstitutional.

What are your rights at sobriety checkpoints?

Sobriety checkpoints -- also known as DUI checkpoints -- are the most common roadblocks you might encounter. They function as a general purpose investigatory tactic where police can get a close look at passing motorists by detaining them briefly. A roadblock stop is quick, but it gives police a chance to check tags and licenses, while also giving officers a quick whiff of the drivers breath and a chance to peer into the vehicle for a moment. Remember that your constitutional rights still apply in a roadblock situation. Though police are permitted to stop you briefly, they may not search you or your car unless they have probable cause or you agree to the search.

What if police say they smell marijuana?

Smelling marijuana does give police probable cause to search your car. For this reason, police are quick to claim that they smell something and sometimes they might even lie about it. All you can really do is say, that you dont have anything to hide but you dont consent to a search. If they search you anyway and something is found, you'll need an attorney to help you fight the charges. In many cases, the officer will mention marijuana just to see how you react. If you appear nervous, the officer's suspicions will escalate.

How to deal with police during a traffic stop?

If police flag you down, pull over immediately, turn off your car, and place your hands on the wheel. Police like to see your hands for their own safety -- so wait until they request your paperwork before reaching for it. At night, it's also a good idea to turn on the dome light, so the officer can see you're not armed.

Always greet policemen and policewomen as "Officer". Under no circumstances should you ever talk back, raise your voice, or use profanity with a police officer. If the officer writes you a ticket, accept it quietly and never complain. Listen to any instruction on paying the fine or contesting the ticket, and drive away slowly. Police may try to get you to admit to having broken a law. For example, an officer may ask, "Do you know how fast you were going?" You may assert your 5th Amendment protection against self-incrimination by refusing to admit you might have broken a law. As such, the best answer to that and similar questions is "No, Officer." Because anything you say can and will be used against you in court, the less you say the better. You also don't want to announce to police that you know your rights. They'll take that as a challenge. Just keep quiet and calm. Whether or not they frisk you, an officer may ask you a series of questions, which may include something like "You don't mind if I have a look in your car?" While this might sound like a command, it's usually a request -- and the 4th Amendment protects your right to refuse search requests. Unless you're detained or arrested, you may terminate the encounter anytime, by asking if you're free to go. Not only can this line can help withdraw you from an encounter, it also deflects any of the officer's probing questions or threats. If the officer lets you leave, do so immediately. If the officer's answer is unclear, or if he asks additional questions, persist by repeating "Officer, am I free to go?" If you are not free to go, you are being detained. The officer might have some reason to suspect you of a crime, and you may be arrested. In such a situation, your magic words are "I'm going to remain silent. I would like to see a lawyer." These magic words are like a legal condom. They're your best protection if you're under arrest. Remember that anything you say can and will be used against you in court. This situation differs only when you have been caught on act by an officer. If caught on act you will be arrested and sentenced accordingly without a trial as the evidence is substantial to do so. If you believe that you were unjustly arrested or the officers mistreated you during your arrest you may appeal in court and argue for a lower sentence or even freedom.

When can police order you out of your car?

During a legitimate traffic stop, police may order the driver and any passengers out of the vehicle. This rule is intended to protect officers' safety, but it's often used for investigatory purposes. Police who order you out of the vehicle probably suspect you of criminal activity, so be prepared for a pat-down and maybe a search request.

When police are allowed to frisk me?

If they have reasonable suspicion to detain you, police may conduct a pat down (frisk) of the outside of your clothing to check for weapons, but only if they have a basis for suspecting you're armed. If they feel a hard item that might be a weapon, police may reach into your pockets. Sometimes officers reach into suspects' pockets looking for drugs even if they don't feel a weapon. This is common, but it's illegal. Police may ask you to reveal the contents of your pockets. Just like other search requests, you have the right to refuse.

What to do if police frisks you?

If police detain and frisk you, you have the right to clearly state your refusal to consent to the search. For example, you may say "Officer, I'm not resisting. I do not consent to this search." But you should only verbally refuse. Never physically resist. Just touching an officer could get you tasered or beaten. You could also get a felony charge for assaulting a police officer. If you believe you were wrongly frisked, consider filing a police misconduct report.

What if I refuse, but police search me anyway?

Unfortunately police sometimes search you even if you refuse consent. If they find anything illegal and you're arrested, youll have to get a lawyer and fight it out in court. If the officer convinces the judge that there was probable cause to search without your consent, then the evidence will be admissible in court. If your lawyer convinces the judge that there was no probable cause, then the evidence will be thrown out and your charges will be dismissed. If you're searched illegally and nothing is found, you may consider taking legal action or at least filing a complaint form.

Is refusing a police search an admission of guilt?

No. Refusing a search request is not an admission of guilt and does not give the officer the legal right to search or detain you. Most avoidable police searches don't occur because police have a search warrantor probable cause. They occur because people get tricked or intimidated into consenting to search requests. Police are skilled at using their authority to make you feel obligated to prove your innocence. ("You don't have anything to hide, do you?") The 4th Amendment protects your right to refuse search requests. If an officer asks to search you, your car, or you home -- you may politely say "Officer, I know you're just doing your job, but I don't consent to searches."

What are the rights of passengers during a traffic stop?

Traffic stops typically occur as a result of suspected moving violations committed by the driver of the vehicle. Passengers cannot be held responsible for the drivers conduct and are generally free to leave, unless police become suspicious of them during the course of the stop. Unfortunately, this happens frequently and the amount of evidence required to detain passengers is minimal. For this reason, passengers must remember to refuse search requests and refrain from answering questions without an attorney present. Police who suspect criminal activity will often separate the occupants of an automobile and question them separately. If their stories differ, this could lead officers to claim that they have probable cause to prolong the detention or conduct a search.

How do I deal with police at my door?

No Warrant, No Search! The Supreme Court has ruled that the home is entitled to maximum search protection. Even if they have probable cause to believe something illegal is going on inside your home, the 4th Amendment requires police to get a signed search warrant from a judge to legally enter and search. The major exception to the search warrant requirement is where consent is given to an officer's request to enter. If, for example, an officer is legally invited into your home, any illegal items that are out in the open -- or in "plain view" -- can be seized as evidence, which can lead to an arrest. That being the case, it's always wise to keep any private items that you don't want others to see out of view of your entrance area. If police come to your door and you don't require their help, you may simply decline to answer the door at all. Unless they have a warrant, they will eventually leave.

If police have a search warrant, do they have to show it to me?

No. The Supreme Court has never ruled that police must present the search warrant when performing a search. The purpose of the warrant is to establish legal authority to conduct the search and create a paper trail in case the search is challenged. Since executing a search warrant is considered a high-risk activity for police, officers are permitted to enter quickly and forcefully. If you have doubts about the legality of a search warrant issued against you or your property, you'll need to discuss the matter with your attorney. Remember that police don't need consent to search if they have a warrant. But if officers ask for consent to search, you always have the right to refuse even if they claim that they have a warrant or that they can easily get one.

What is the definition of probable cause?

Probable cause is the legal standard by which a police officer has the right to make an arrest, conduct a personal or property search, or to obtain a warrant for arrest. While many factors contribute to a police officers level of authority in a given situation, the probable cause standard requires facts or evidence that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a suspect has committed a crime. Common examples of probable cause include the sight or smell of contraband in plain view or plain smell, or an admission of guilt for a specific crime. The presentation of any of these facts would allow an officer to perform a search and make an arrest. Be aware that minor traffic violations (e.g. speeding, broken tail-light, or expired registration) are not considered probable cause. While there are certain situations where police need a warrant to search you or your property -- during a traffic stop, police only need probable cause to legally search your vehicle. Consenting to a search request automatically makes the search legal in the eyes of the law. If you refuse consent but the officer searches you anyway and finds illegal items, your lawyer can file a motion to suppress -- or throw out -- the evidence in court. If the judge agrees that the officer's search violated the 4th Amendment's probable cause requirements, she'll grant the motion. Unless the prosecution has other evidence, your charges would be dismissed.

What should you do if you are a victim of police misconduct?

If you feel that your rights have been violated by police, or you've witnessed misconduct against someone else, do not panic. It's normal to be intimidated, but responding to misconduct is an essential step towards protecting yourself and your community from future police abuse. Step 1: Write everything down

Describe everything that took place from the very beginning of the police encounter to the end. When quoting yourself or the officer try to use exact words. Be specific about the location, time of day, etc. Replay the events slowly in your head to help remember as many details as possible. Also include witnesss names and contact information and the officers names, physical descriptions, and badge numbers. If necessary, be prepared to return to the scene of the incident in search of possible witnesses. Doing so may also help jog your memory about other important details. Include only the facts that you're sure about and be very careful to avoid any inaccuracies because these can damage your credibility and undermine the entire report. Step 2: File a Police Misconduct Report This step cannot begin until all criminal charges and civil actions have been resolved. Filing a police misconduct report prematurely will hurt your chances in court by revealing too much information to the police. Of course, if you werent charged with a crime and youre not suing, the complaint should be filed right away.

When do I have to show police my ID?

As a general principle, citizens who are minding their own business are not obligated to "show their papers" to police. In fact, there is no law requiring citizens to carry identification of any kind. Nonetheless, carrying an ID is generally required if youre driving a vehicle. The Supreme Court upheld state laws requiring citizens to disclose their identity to police when officers have reasonable suspicion to believe criminal activity may be taking place. Commonly known as "stop-and-identify" statutes, these laws permit police to arrest criminal suspects who refuse to identify themselves. Keep in mind that the officer's decision to detain you will not always hold up in court. Reasonable suspicion is a vague evidentiary standard, which lends itself to mistakes on the officer's part. If you're searched or arrested following an officer's ID request, always contact an attorney to discuss the incident and explore your legal options.

What happens if I lie to police?

The reason you should avoid lying to police is the same reason you should avoid talking to police. Whether or not you have information that could incriminate you or others, you should resist the urge to try to talk yourself out of a situation and try to remain silent instead. Police may not hold your silence against you as evidence of guilt. Police are generally good at detecting lies, and getting caught in a lie may give an officer more justification to detain you. Regardless, if police are questioning you, you are probably considered a suspect and -- depending upon the situation -- you should be prepared to assert your rights by: a) refusing search requests ("Officer, I don't consent to any searches."), b) determining if you are free to go ("Officer, am I free to go?"), and c) remaining silent until you see a lawyer ("I'm going to remain silent. I want to see a lawyer.").

Are police allowed to lie to me?

Yes. It's a legally accepted -- and highly effective -- interrogation technique to lie to you and present false evidence in order to elicit a confession. This is particularly common during interrogations in which officers might tell you that "your friend already gave you up, so you might as well come clean."

What happens if I run from police?

Never try to run away from the police under any circumstances. If police see someone running away, especially in a "high-crime" neighborhood, that gives them all the reasonable suspicion they need to chase and stop him. Sometimes people fleeing the police out of panic have even been shot at. Dont run. The law may seem harsh on this point, but it's what the Supreme Court decided. If you see police approaching, stand your ground, and be prepared to assert your rights. But dont run.

Do undercover police have to reveal their identity when asked?

It's commonly believed that undercover police have to reveal their identity when asked. This is false. Police are allowed to lie in order to make arrests. Undercover officers in particular are very skilled at manipulating suspects and concocting clever stories to conceal that they are police. Note that police can also use drugs and do other things you wouldn't expect a cop to do.

What is entrapment?
Entrapment is a legal defense -- like insanity or self-defense -- in which the defendant argues that police caused him/her to commit the crime. In other words, entrapment claims the police conceived the idea for the crime and provided the means, motive and or opportunity for the defendant to do the criminal act. For laypeople, the concept of entrapment is a common source of confusion. For example, a drug defendant caught in a "buy and bust" sting involving undercover officers could not successfully use the entrapment defense in court. Such a defendant could not credibly claim that he'd otherwise be unable or unwilling to buy drugs elsewhere. There are several factors that the judge will take into account when deciding an entrapment case, including the defendant's ability to commit the act and whether or not the defendant has committed similar crimes in the past. For example, an entrapment defense will fail if the defendant committed the crime skillfully, because this shows that they know what they are doing.

How does the PATRIOT Act & War on Terror impact my rights during police encounters?
There are many reasons to be concerned about the constitutional impact of the PATRIOT Act and War on Terror. But as far as the powers of your local sheriff or state highway patrol are concerned, they have had zero impact. That being said, be mindful that some police officers may use the threat of terrorism to trick citizen's into believing they have enhanced search and interrogation powers. For example, police may justify a routine traffic search request by claiming "I'm just searching for guns and explosives". This is simply a cynical way to trick citizens into compliance.

What is a Roll Call?

Roll Calls are taken at any point seen necessary by a supervisor. During a roll call that involves, you - you should report back to the LSPD Precinct Garage, repair, refuel and park your vehicle, then go inside, restore your Kevlar and ammunition and get onto the line outside the door into the armory, you should be facing outward towards the parking spaces in a straight line, shoulder to shoulder with the person next to you. Weapons must not be drawn on roll call. This is direct disrespect toward the commanding officer and will not be tolerated. Speaking is also prohibited during the Roll Call.

Exemptions
If a roll-call is taken, the commanding officer will be the officer who called it, this will mean anyone below that persons rank is expected to stand on the line. For example, if a PO III calls in a roll call, PO III and below are expected to stand on the line, along with other members of staff of the PO III rank, all Sergeants I and up are allowed to stand off the line. While standing off the line you must be two feet behind the commanding officer and equally divided on either side of the commanding officer to show structure.

Roll Call Classes

Roll Calls are divided into two classes, a department, or a shift call.

Department Roll Call

A department Roll Call can be called by anyone from the Junior or High Command unit, and cannot be taken by a Sergeant. The Department Roll Call requires that every unit come off patrol and report to the station, this will be called for trainings, promotions and such. Failure to show for a department roll call or to radio in is insubordination and you are liable to be fired for this offense.

Shift Call
A Shift Call can be called by a member of the Supervision team, PO III SLO+ and requires that everyone below that rank show for it, higher ranks can come to this, but are not required to. Failure to show for this if required is insubordination and may be treated with a suspension and complaint forwarded to command for review.

TPT
TPT is the abbreviation for Think Push Talk which basically is the main rule that you should always remember during your duties. TPT ensures that the Radio Communication of the Los Santos Police Department is smooth, quick, and to the point. It is the most important and one of the easiest rules to use. When to use it? Whenever you do a radio message over central.

How to use it?

Think about what you want to say before you send the message. So, lets say that youre currently in a Code 1 at Pershing Square your unit alpha, youre in the code 1 with a yellow elegy with three persons inside. One of them is black, the other two are white the white ones both have long blond hair, the black guy has black long hair. They pulled over directly and only had a minor BZR violation. Basically the text above includes a lot of information however information most likely contain of three parts.

1. Need to know 2. Good to know 3. Nice to know

One of the most important parts is to know what information is in which group. Basically in the text you Have only three information that are needed to be known for your transmission.

Need to know:
That would be, your unit name Alpha. Your location Pershing Square. Only a minor incident and they pulled over directly.

Good to know:
The vehicle type Elegy. Two white and one black person inside. And basically what you do is that you use the Need to know information to build up your message. So what you would say This is Unit Alpha to COMMS currently in a Code 1 at Pershing Square, 10-32, out.

Radio Codes
Using radio codes is an essential part of being a police officer. We are using those codes for multiple reasons. We are using them to assure speed in transmissions. - Assure accuracy on reporting situations. - Assure intelligibility to other agencies. These are not all of the reasons but some. So basically all I can say to this is that you should print them out and look at them while the TPT is in effect. After a while you will have memorized them anyways.

Speed in transmissions
Speed is an important factor in our radio communication.

How fast should I speak?

Basically it is up to you to decide how fast you talk in your transmission. But you should consider the following. Accuracy is much more important than speed. Doing a lot of repetitions for people that do not understand you talking at high speed is probably worse than saying it slowly for once. However you should keep in mind that some situations are life threatening and that in those situations it might be needed to make a fast call for a code 0 and a 10-13. When youre doing a talk to another unit directly you should follow this thumb rule: The speed at which the receiver can copy without having to obtain a repetition. However if you transmit to more than one receiver on comms then you should stay at the speed at the slowest receiver can copy. Note that if necessary during specific periods, the supervisor can prescribe the speed of transmission on an operation or set certain qualifications which radio operators must meet.

Staying calm in transmissions

It is an important factor to keep the radio communication as clearly as possible. Thus we need to ensure that you always stay calm when doing a transmission. This means that you will not shout or say things like hmm, uh, ahhhh etc. inside a transmission. If we catch you do that you can be sure that this will have problems. We understand that there are situations, when your life is in danger, that you obviously get nervous but please still try and stay calm.

Call signs
Call signs are used in radio communications to identify a communications facility, a command, an authority, or a unit. There are two forms of call signs: complete call signs and abbreviated call signs. Basically we do have our Unit call signs and badge numbers. If I was unit Alpha then my complete call sign would be.

Unit Alpha, Sergeant I - 113

The abbreviated form is Alpha. As you can see there is a huge difference in those call signs. Call signs are always to be used when talking to comms or when talking to a unit directly. If you get in touch with a unit or a specific person for the last time then you should say the complete call sign to identify yourself completely. However if you talk to a unit/person again its enough to say the abbreviated form. If you talk to comms then you will ALWAYS use the abbreviated form.

Procedure Words
Procedure Words are the second important part of the radio communication. After radio codes those PROWORDs is the most important part. These words are used to keep radio communications as clear and short as possible. They are used to take place for long sentences. The most important words we use are. Word Meaning. Correct You are correct, or what you have said is correct. Wrong What you have said is wrong. Correction An error has been made in this transmission. Transmission will continue with the last Correct word. Over Used at the end of a transmission meaning waiting for a reply Out Used at the end of a transmission meaning no need to reply I Spell - I am going to spell the next work phonetically. I Verify Used by a unit to verify important info such as a 10-17 that has been send. Roger Received last transmission. Priority Priority message to follow. Break-Break Signals to all listeners on the frequency, the message to follow is priority. Wilco Will Comply. SitRep Situation Report. Break I hereby indicate the beginning of new topics.

Unit to Comms Communication

Situation 1.1:
You are Unit Alpha Tango. You are on Patrol. You just saw some guy speeding down a road. You call in a Code 1 attempt. You: Alpha to comms, currently attempting a code 1 near Jefferson Motel, 10-32, out. Officer XY: Copy. <---- Wrong

What we learn out of this:

If you do a radio call to the comms then you can either say out or over. Depending on if you expect another unit to reply or not. However it does not really matter. Also we can see that some people in our beloved police department do not understand how proper radio communication works. If we catch you saying Copy or Roger on any comms transmission that does not need a reply, then we can guarantee you that it will be your first strike.

Situation 1.2:
You are Unit Alpha. You are on Patrol. Your suspect refuses to stop in the code 1 and continues driving at high speed. You: Alpha to Comms, currently in a code 2 requesting 10-12, over. (( You turn your beacon on )) Echo: This is Unit Echo to Comms, 10-1 loud to the code 2, leading cruiser keep 10-10, over. You: Copy that Echo, Suspect is currently heading northbound on the main street. Echo: Echo got visual, joining pursuit, out. You: Alpha to comms, we got 2 units in pursuit, no need for further 10-12, out. You suddenly take a wrong turn and lose eyes on target. (( You turn your beacon off )) Echo: Echo taking point in the pursuit, over. (( Beacon on )) You find the way back. You: Alpha re-gained visual on the pursuit, out. The suspects vehicle makes an accident you and echo takes care of the victim and does first aid. You: Alpha to comms, code 2 turned into a 10-50, ES called to scene, we will be giving first aid to the suspect, out. (( Beacon off )) ES arrives and takes the suspect in. You: Alpha to comms, 10-99 latest 10-50 suspects brought to hospital ES will report back as soon as he can be arrested, out.

What we learn out of this:

You don't need 10 units for a code 2. You stay calm when doing transmissions. When youre the leading cruiser then you decide how many units you need. You use the beacon right in pursuits. You keep the transmissions simple and to the point. You remember the TPT rule. If you say 10-99 then give a reason.

Unit to Unit Communication.

Situation 2.1:
You are Unit Alpha Tango. You are on Patrol. You get the following radio call. This is how you should reply. Charlie: Alpha Tango, this is Unit Charlie, message, over. You: Charlie, Alpha Tango, roger, send traffic, over. Charlie: Copy, Alpha Tango, do you want us to be on 10-6 10-12 around your code 1, over. You: Negative Charlie, no need for further 10-12, out. Basically what has happened in this example is that youre getting called. The unit calling you obviously first gives the unit name of the unit it wants to get in touch with. Afterwards it identifies itself and then the keyword over to signal that they are waiting for a reply. You show your acknowledgement of the message by saying their name, your name and then roger in addition with the words send traffic to tell them to send their message plus the word over to show that youre waiting for a reply. After that they send their information and put another over at the end. You however decide that you do not need further 10-12 and put the word "out" at the end to signal that you do not want them to reply on that.

What do we learn:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Always use unit names in every situation to identify yourself. Over" means waiting for a reply. "Out" means that you do not wait for a reply. You have to acknowledge that you receive them. If you send a message then you do not start directly but you wait for them to tell you to send traffic.

Radio Codes

Police Commands ((This topic is marked as OOC))

The Mobile Data Computer (MDC) is a Police Computer installed in every Police Vehicle and in LSPD Offices. It has many purposes and functions as its very useful when you are on duty serving the country. You are going to need a password and a username. You are going to receive it when you pass to Police Officer First Class.

How to use it, then?

Whenever you search for someone, search for Firstname_Lastname. Then youll see the records there, they are easy to use however. Whenever you are initiating a vehicle platecode search, search for the platecode in the database. For example; RA3 5401
Admiral Registered Owner: Roan Montgomery Vehicle Colors: Black

In the section Add New Suspect, you add details for a suspect. You must fill everything you know. Its editable from Edit Suspect Info. To assign a Crime to a suspect, Add Crime. The Crime is his records. To see the warrants issued for the see; Warrant Details. Account settings; simply changing your password. The default password given to you is very easy to find, so you must change it. When you are done with it, Log Off and be happy.

As a police officer you will face Media and other agencies who want information. As an employee of the LSPD you are not allowed to release any information if not instructed by the Public Information Officer or it has been approved trough the Commanding Officer via the Public Information Officer. If you are found giving away information that has not been authorized legal actions might be taken and a severe punishment may be issued.

Definitions
Public Information: Information that may be of interest to the general public regarding policy, procedures or events involving the department or other newsworthy information that is not legally protected, does not unduly interfere with the mission of the department, ongoing investigations, infringe upon the rights of an individual or compromise the legitimate safety and/or privacy interests of officers, victims, witnesses or others. News Media Representatives: Those individuals who are directly employed by agencies of the electronic or print media such as radio, television and newspapers. Freelance workers in this field are to be regarded as other members of the general public unless otherwise designated by the Chief of Police or the Commanding Officer of which unit. Public Information Officer (PIO): The department's PIO serves as a central Source of information for release by the department and responds to requests for Information by the news media and the community.

The department's PIO is available to:

i) be present at the scene of major incidents;
(1) At the scene of major incidents the officer in charge may designate an area for media to respond and a response route. The PIO will respond to this area and provide information and updates to the media as available.

ii) Assist the news media; iii) Prepare and distribute media releases; iv) Arrange for, and assist at, news conferences; v) Coordinate and authorize the release of information about victims, Witnesses and suspects; vi) Assist in crisis situations within the agency and coordinate the release Of authorized information concerning confidential agency investigations and operations.

Search and Seizure Warrants

Warrants are documents which allow a certain action for you to take as a police officer. They are issued, depending on the nature of the warrant, by Commanding Officers, or in other cases high authorities within the police department. With the warrant, you are allowed to do a duty, which usually may not be allowed. This includes searching a person (outside of the regular duties), vehicles and houses. It could also be an arrest. There must be a good reason for requesting a warrant and a just reason should be given. If upon finding illegal items and/or arresting a suspect, the usual procedure should be taken.

Evidence
If on your Police Department duties, you find illegal substances, or weapons or indeed, anything that could constitute as evidence there is a procedure that you should follow. Of course, these should be taken off the suspect and placed into the evidence room. ((Someone shall place it in the safe, someone who has the ability to and holds a key to the CPU.)) The evidence room shall be shown to you by an officer, however not stated in this due to the potential availability of this document. After this, you should then proceed to filling out the correct paperwork, filing it in the appropriate place. ((On the PD Forums, under the correct topics)) If necessary, you should also inform the Detective Bureau and their needed paperwork.

Laws of Arrest
Many issues that arise from to the courts that effect police department, and in the case of suing the police department stem from the fact that certain criteria have not been fulfill when arresting someone.

Miranda Rights

The Miranda rights are mandatory when arresting someone. If you take someone into custody when picking them from a crime scene, if you have not told them they are under arrest and given them their Miranda rights, theoretically, they are allowed to leave whenever they want. The Miranda rights can be stated as:

You have the rights to remain silent, anything you say or do can and will be used against you in the court of law. You have the rights to have an attorney, and if you cannot afford an attorney, the state shall provide one. Do you understand your rights as theyve been told to you?
It is important to ask if the suspect understands. If they say no, then you may repeat up to 3 times. If they say no again, then you have a good stance in court if they choose to sue you because of this. This is because, after 3 times of clearly being told them, you can assume that they are just being awkward, or that they are denying simply resisting arrest.

Telling suspects they are under arrest

As a Police Officer, legally it is up to you when they are under arrest. You can indicate this by telling the suspect verbally, which is enough. If after they have been told this, and try to escape, you can call it Escaping Arrest which carries a longer jail term than Resisting Arrest which is the same crime, but when previously told this statement.

When to suspect someone

As a Police Officer, you can legally frisk people for items or check their vehicles with just suspicion. This isnt just a hunch officers get. It does however come in the forms of civilians claiming to see something and people acting suspiciously. If the suspect however, does not allow this you may arrest them on failure to comply and when jailing, it is a must that you frisk them anyway. This can then allow for a double bust on a suspect, which may allow you to take the suspect to a DB interrogation.

Passenger seats Suspect identification

When transporting anyone in the cruisers it is important to know a very important rule to know. This rule is that the front is for innocent people, the back is for suspects.

After you arrest a person, you should take them over to the cruiser as you usually would. However, before placing them into the cruiser, it is mandatory that you search them for items. This is in order, although the suspect is cuffed, to keep the officers and anyone else in that car safe. Any items that are illegal or that could be used as vandalism or against the PD, its staff or members should be taken off and placed in the appropriate places.

In any government agency, FBI, CIA, PD's, and even civilian matters, use a system called the Force Matrix. The Force Matrix is a simple system designed to help people understand the usage of force, such as when to escalate and switch tactics. This model is adapted from a United States government publication on use of force, it lists multiple tactics in order from least to most severe, but is only a partial model, as it does not give corresponding degrees of subject resistance. Verbal Command Cuff the Suspect Use wrist/arm lock Use takedown Block/Punch/Kick Strike Suspect Wrestle Suspect Pepper spray Use baton Use firearm With that is also a set of corresponding degrees used by police agency's in the United States, but is also partially completed as there is no corresponding degree of subject resistance. Physical Presence Soft hands Mace or Pepper Spray Hard Hands Police baton, etc. Threat of Deadly Force Deadly Force To compensate for no corresponding degree of subject resistance for the suspect, common since should be implied. It should be easy to determine which degree to switch to, and if not, just go from degree to degree until the suspect starts complying. And to add to the Police Agency's Use of Force chart, Physical Presence Soft hands Mace or Pepper Spray (A K-9 Unit would fall here.) Hard Hands Tazer Police Baton, etc. Threat of Deadly Force Deadly Force

Tazers hurt, which is why it is in the middle of the list. If the suspect starts to flee the scene, skip ahead to tazing the suspect and going back to Degree three(3) as he is weakened and should resist less. This entire system is based around common since to be used by the people following it. It is meant for a peace keeping officer to be able to understand and make a decision on which type of force to use, from soft hands to deadly force. One is the first step, the last is a last means resort that should never be used unless your life or another's is in direct danger. As following this, your following the use of force rules, defined here, the term use of force describes a right of an individual or authority to settle conflicts or prevent certain actions by applying measures to either: a) dissuade another party from a particular course of action b) physically intervene to stop them. In nations of the developed world and the developing world, citizens allow police, corrections, or other security personnel to employ force to actively prevent imminent commission of crime, or even for deterrence. When two parties have the same conflict, bystanders usually recommended the use of negotiation or other related techniques. Negotiating can mean talking with the suspects and getting them to listen to you, providing no resistance or verbal assault. When a conflict is between a criminal and a peace keeper, use of force steps in when the criminal starts to resist or flee the scene. When and if this happens, the most common thing to do is simply taze the suspect when fleeing, or spray him when resisting. The general rule for application of force is that only necessary force may be used. Anyone using use of force above verbal warnings will be responsible for his/her own decisions regarding the use of force used. Likewise, lethal force should be a last resort, only used if all other levels have been used or is the only available option to prevent loss of life. Reasons to use lethal force include: 1) Suspect is armed and fired at you. 2) Suspect is threatening to kill a civilian with a deadly weapon. 3) Suspect has intent to cause bodily harm to you or someone around you. Remember to not escalate your use of force unless the suspect does as well, justifying anything you do as self-defense, and should lethal force be used, justifiable murder. In English criminal law, the defence of self-defence provides for the right of people to act in a manner that would be otherwise unlawful in order to preserve the physical integrity of themselves or others or to prevent any crime. In short, the force matrix is to insure any unnecessary casualties, or mishaps resulting in a law suit against you or the department. Under no circumstance, even if ordered to by high ranks, should a officer shoot out the tyres of a moving vehicle, even in a area with no danger, this could still be considered a danger to the drivers, and potentially others. Therefore a punishable offence. Officers caught disobeying this force Matrix will receive severe consequences. It is not acceptable to be beating up suspects for not complying. We also want to see less dead suspects in code 2's and code 3's, unless the suspect pulls a firearm, lethal force should not be used.

Use of Deadly Force & Shooting Policy

Deadly force should always be one of the last things that you should ever use as an officer. PD teaches that the taser should be sufficient for stopping a criminal, however when you are allowed to use deadly force includes the number one rule of: When your life is at risk. You are also allowed to use Deadly force when the suspect is using, or shows a lethal weapon. The idea being that you could be in danger if you do not deal with this sufficiently. Misuse of deadly force could result in you personally being sued, the PD being sued and your dismissal from the department for the fear you present to public safety. Tying in with shooting is the topic of other weapon usage. PD teaches that the taser should be used instead of lethal guns in almost all situations. As it is hardly ever lethal (Unless shot at face, or in areas which common sense will stop you firing at) that it can be more freely used. This weapon may be used for non compliance, crowd control and stopping code 3s. In regular use, a 3 warning system can be used for tasering a suspect. Non compliance is enough for this. By asking them 3 times, on the 2nd stating that you will taser them, is correct procedure and legal to do. The Taser should be used in non life threatening circumstances. Under no circumstance, even if ordered to by high ranks, should a officer shoot out the tyres of a moving vehicle, even in a area with no danger, this could still be considered a danger to the drivers, and potentially others. Therefore thats a punishable offence.

Field Investigations
Field investigations are the activity of gathering information at a scene of an incident. It is illegal for any citizen or Police Officer to do Detective work, going undercover and so on. However these Field Investigations are a mandatory part of information gathering by officers. Indeed, most DB cases are started because of CPU activities. Field Investigations are for two main purposes: To acquire enough evidence on scene to make an arrest on a crime that was caught in act. To acquire evidence so the detective bureau can follow-up investigate it through an incident report.

You should gather as much as information possible, such as; Locations Names Details of vehicles Crime details The crime itself Any hunches or thoughts that the victim.

It is not however, strict list that you may only go by. By all means gather as much as you can, ultimately it can make detectives lives easier.

It is not illegal for a citizen or an officer to use self defence. However, they must have just cause to the situation to act in that way, especially if it results in injury to the attacker. With the Police Officer, the taser and pepper spray should be used, never lethal weaponry unless the criterion for Deadly weaponry has been fulfilled. (See above.) If a civilian claims to have acted in self defence, then they must have evidence, or an agreeing third party to act as witness. The self defence must also be justified. The decision as to if it is assault (randomly attacking and calling it self-defence) or actual self defence, it up to the officer at the situation.

Self defence as an officer is perhaps one of the most important things that you will be doing as an officer. Without thinking through and doing it, our force may soon have fewer officers than we would like. Self defence can be when threatened by a suspect or things such as driving, which you will be in charge of yourself. Self Defence firstly begins in your head. By thinking is a situation you may be getting in could potentially put you in danger, it would be sensible to leave this situation if possible. Remember that there is safety in numbers and multiple officers are often enough to deter a criminal from attacking in a situation he may usually. If, physical attacks begin there are a few things that you can do to protect yourself. Remember to only use reasonable force when doing this, however you should think about what you intend to do before doing it.

Components of Physical Self Defence

There are three components of physical self defence: techniques, training methods, and strategies. Techniques consist of movements such as strikes to vital areas of the body. Training methods are the drills self defence students practice to learn to implement techniques. And, strategy refers to the plan for how and when to use techniques. Without all three components, physical self defence is likely to fail.

When Unarmed
Training
The Los Santos Police Department has multiple fighting techniques which are available to learn. Both of these are highly dangerous and will ensure physical domination if a fight should occur. They are available via the training Bureau who shall get you in contact with people for the appropriate training. The LSPD will deter officers from street brawling fighting styles, this looks unprofessional and also acts very ineffectively in a fight.

Karate
One of the more popular choices this is taught to be quicker hits with lighter effectiveness on impact. However, being more of them.

Boxing
This requires the learner to be strong. It involves being extremely forceful with the suspect. You will need to be able to force them into positions which for most, is not always possible. It is very damaging and effective with the strength of blows.

When Armed
When armed it is obviously much easier to defend yourself. However, you being armed may lead to more incidents where the suspect pulls out a firearm of his own.
Before reading on please re-read the Force Doctrine. The Force Doctrine will indicate when to use lethal force and when you may use less than lethal/non lethal force.

It is important to remember two things when acting in self defence, especially when armed. They are the Force Doctrine and also the act of Reasonable Force. Without remembering and following these, it may lead to punishment and a court case/suing against you and the department.

The LSPD patrol vehicle is equipped with the latest Premier CVPI PPIV7, 3 liter police package engine, which translates into some real power on the road to ensure that you will not lose any suspect at any point. The vehicle comes with an MDC stand for the Dell Mini 10 MDC which is locked into position and connected to the radio repeater inside the vehicle, which is also tuned into your belt radio to ensure full communication. Onto of the vehicle is a blue and red fitted light bar which is controllable from inside the vehicle. Beneath the light bar is a dual-tweeter siren system which has two modes, the wail and the yelp, both of which are toggle able from inside the vehicle. You also have control of your headlights which work in sync with your light bar should you want them to, blinking red and blue. Between the front and the back of the car, we have a mesh-wired separation with stab-proof plating and a small opening area which is closable by officers from the front of the vehicle and cannot be opened from the back. The back doors are also inoperable from inside the vehicle and are complete with an automatic locking device when they are closed. Your center console has inside a Remington 870 double barrel pump-action shotgun equipped with enough ammo to get you through the shift; you also have reserve ammunition for your MPW. Your mace should also be kept in this area. The back of your vehicle, the trunk has inside a medical kit and MP5 semi-automatic sub-machine gun.

While involved in a Code 1, also known as a "Traffic Stop" or a "Pullover", it is potentially the most dangerous situation you can get yourself into.

Chapter I - Radio Procedures

With a traffic stop, you often are too busy handling the stop to get to your radio, so always gets the necessary information over the air before you make contact with the driver. You always want to alert Dispatch that youre making a Code 1, so immediately call that out. For example. '150, Code 1'. This notifies every other Officer that youre making a Traffic Stop. Once the vehicle pulls to the side of the road, and you can type without swerving, give a rough location and the description of the vehicle. For example. '150, were going to be northbound on Saint Lawrence, its a black Greenwood.' So now Officers know that if, god forbid, you can't give a location in an emergency situation, or reach your beacon button, they know your most likely in the general area of the traffic stop's initial stop, and the suspect most likely is driving a Black Greenwood. Once youre done with the Code 1, call out that youre resuming your citywide Patrol and let the radio know everything is settled. For example. 150, Citation issued 10-30..

Chapter II - Assessing the Situation

Now that you've gotten the radio drills down, you are ready to get into the more 'physical' outlook of it. The first thing you want to do before you even exit your vehicle is assess the situation. The main things we look for are How many occupants are in the vehicle? Is the driver or any passengers fighting or shifting around a lot? Is the drivers engine off? Is there any civilians lingering around that could be potentially dangerous? What is my Cruisers direction am I blocking traffic? How is the traffic? Is it dense? Am I going to be in danger? These and many more are all questions you should ask yourself in a traffic stop, you need to assess the situation BEFORE you enter it, to make sure you and any bystanders or even the violator will be safe.

Chapter III - Approaching the Driver

When you finally deem the situation safe, you should exit your vehicle, and approach the vehicle. While doing this, you should take note of any irregularities and always keep your gun away from the drivers reach. You want to usually keep the cap on your Pepper Spray holster unbuttoned, so if the driver attempts to flee you can immediately spray his eyes, which will hopefully make him stop. As you approach the driver, if the window is not down you should raise your suspicion level. Always be courteous and friendly to the driver, unless you feel he has broken a major law or is not being honest with you. You must identify yourself as a Police Officer, I usually say 'How ya' doin, I'm Sergeant Montgomery, Los Santos Police'. This way the driver knows youre a Police Officer. If he asks to see some identification, simply tell him to look at your badge. After you identify yourself, you must inform the driver the reason you stopped him, be it speeding, or suspicion of DUI. While doing this, scan the vehicles interior for any visible firearms, drugs, weapons, or bombs. Take note of the drivers scent, does he smell like alcohol or marijuana? Also keep note of the drivers knowledge of the car. If he takes extra long looking for his registration paperwork, there's a decent chance the car might not be his.

Chapter IV - Multiple Occupants

I've dedicated a whole chapter to this because its an important subject. You are not obligated to check any passenger's ID, but if you want to do so its your prerogative. When you deal with multiple occupants, you deal with multiple threats. They are often friends, and if one gets amped up and upset, the others tend to fall right into place. Never be afraid to call for a cover unit while dealing with multiple passengers, as you 4 against 1 in any situation, no matter how much experience you have with fighting, will never work out the way you want it to.

Chapter V - Warrants
We often stop a driver on a simple traffic violation, and when we run the name it turns up they have warrants. When dealing with a warrant you immediately want to remove the suspect from the vehicle and detain them for the warrant. If you feel the suspect will become uncooperative, you should call for a backup unit to help you. A good way to find out if you think the suspect will resist, is checking their previous criminal history. If the suspect was arrested for Shoplifting on the 2nd of October, and on the SAME day he was charged with resisting arrest, its a good indicator this guy might want to the fight the police.

Chapter VI - Noncooperation
You might run into a suspect who refuses to comply. He won't show you his licenses, he won't step out of the car, and he won't listen to your verbal commands. Its important to remember that failure to comply with the Police is the very small downgrade from full resisting. If he refuses to comply, he is most likely going to try to run if you use force. Remember to call for a backup unit, and to assess the situation... Remember that were not invincible, if you think this suspect might kick your ass, talk nice and attempt to calm him down until another unit arrives. Remember after enough verbal commands, you are authorized to fully force the suspect out of the vehicle. It is your 9th Amendment Right to drive a vehicle, but if you violate a law and do not provide a license to the Officer who stopped you, it is against the law.

Chapter VII - Issuing the Citation

Issuing the Citation is the most dangerous part... A lot of times people speed, get pulled over, and expect a verbal warning. When you bring them a bill or a big chunk of change not only are they shocked, but their ego has been bruised.

Chapter I - Radio Procedures

Like always, radio discipline is key. With pursuits its fairly simple, but extended. You always want to keep updated with the speeds of the pursuit and the drivers behavior... If the suspect hits anything or anyone, notify dispatch as well. For example. '150, speeds of 60 miles per hour' and '150, vehicle just rammed a Squad Car'. Keeping updated with this is key, and Ventrilo is HIGHLY recommended, if not required for the Lead Car in any pursuit.

Chapter II - The Appropriate Time to Call a Pursuit

Just because a suspect does not stop his car right away does not mean he is planning to flee from you. Calling a Code 2 must mean the vehicle is in fact running and does not plan on stopping. You can make sure of this by using simple common sense. If the vehicle takes off from a dead stop, burning tire and rounding the corner at 40, its pretty obvious he has other plans. If the vehicle continues to drive slowly and does not make movements to the right, he is most likely evading, just very slowly. Common sense is key in this technique.

Chapter III - Evasive Driving

People often think that in a pursuit, you drive where the suspect drives. This is false, you always want to keep visual contact with a suspect, but if he swerves into the oncoming lanes, don't follow him, for the sake of the public. Always scan the area ahead, always observe and predict the worst scenario. You always want to focus half your mind on the suspect, and half on the surroundings of the suspect. Be ready to slam on the brakes if a driver gets in the way; be ready to swerve to avoid another car, and most of all... KEEP YOUR SPACING. During a pursuit, turns are frequently used without signals, brakes are often applied quickly and released just as quick, and if youre tailgating another Officer the front end of your vehicle is going to look like a crushed can.

The Force Doctrine

Force Levels
1) The suspect and civilians are complying. They are following orders and pose no threat to your or any of your colleagues. - Reaction: Continue with your usual duties, following procedures thoroughly. 2) Verbal assault, misdemeanour, aggression, taunting... - Reaction: Issue a verbal warning; be more assertive. Raise your voice; speak loudly in order to make them comply. 4) Misdemeanour, disobeying orders, hint to violent actions, preparing for a fight, getting worse with aggression, disrespecting. - Reaction: Issue a verbal warning, call for backup. 4) Misdemeanour, punching, using a non lethal weapon, threatening life, involved in physical fight - Reaction: Call for backup, use a non lethal weapon: tazer, pepper spray, nightstick. 5) Is committing a felony act, brandishing a firearm, harsh assaults, multiple suspects, assaulting with a vehicle - Reaction: You may show your firearm and even take aim, depending on the severity of the situation. 6) Suspect has a firearm and is aiming, shooting, hitting with vehicle, fleeing with vehicle after 3 warns have been issued, suspect has a hostage. - Reaction Shoot. If suspect doesn't stop or the felony is serious - shoot to kill. Shout to them to comply to drop their weapons and warning the suspect that if they do not comply, force will be used. Also, remember to tell the suspect what the physical punishment is about to be, taser or lethal shot and so on.

Use of Discretion
As an officer, it is still up to you as to which level you use for the suspect to extents. Of course, no officer should use over necessary force nor should they without explanation or good cause. If a suspect is at level 4 and you still choose to do level 3 reactions, then as long as its safe to do so. It is up to officers discretion.

When should you shoot to kill?

The following are special circumstanced - lethal, dangerous situations where you have all the rights to shoot in order to kill. Unfortunately, these situations happen too often, and in order to limit them and provide safety to our police officers, they are being enforced. If a suspect aims a loaded firearm at you. If a suspect suddenly brandishes a firearm in the middle of a foot pursuit. If a suspect is heading full speed with a vehicle towards you, in an intention to drive you over.

Why shoot to kill?

Because in this situation you just do not have the time to reason, or secure the suspect in any other way. It's kill or be killed.

A few remarks:
You are NOT to tase a shooting suspect. You are NOT to shoot unarmed suspects. If a suspect is brandishing a firearm in a foot pursuit (Code 3) then it is not permitted for the suspect to be fired upon by the officer. You should wait until the suspect has aimed or shot the weapon which is on show. This refers to lethal shots, and not taser shots.

Miranda Rights
Without going into too much detail, as the Miranda Rights are mainly a legal issue, it is necessary however, to state them as you place someone under arrest. The rights should be said as followed. Sir/Maam You have the rights to remain silent. Anything you say or do can and will be used against you in the court of law. You have the rights to have an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you. Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you? It is important to ask if the suspect understands, you shall be taught why in the Law section (If you havent already). If they say No, or something of the similar, then repeat. You may repeat the Miranda rights up to 3 times within the same arrest. If they say No, I dont understand again you may assume that they are being awkward and you may continue to the other stages.

Handcuff and the Cuffing Procedure

When handcuffing someone, it is common practice to either: If standing: You take them over to your cruiser. If tazed, or lying: Keep them down (Usually with a knee or similar restraining method) and bring their arms to their back. It is also important to remember C.P.R Courtesy, Professionalism and Respect. Never shout or be impolite at a suspect no matter the crime. You must also remember that they are people and therefore, do not hurt them during the procedure of arresting and handcuffing. It is a notable point that when you are applying the cuffs to ask the suspect to bring their hands onto their back before using Reasonable Force. Unnecessary man handling can lead to Legal issues. Once you have the suspects hands on his back, make sure that you handcuff one hand at a time. This both makes it easier for the officer and less hectic for the suspect who has probably just been took my surprise and/or possibly injured.

Transport of a Prisoner to the Cells

When the suspect is arrested and cuffed, you now need to take him to the CPU to be processed further and jailed. The cruisers back passenger seats are the correct place to sit suspects. It is also important to remember, that if you ever have an innocent civilian, or any civilian who is with you for any other reason than to be arrested may sit in the front. The cruiser should be locked one the suspect is inside. This is to prevent any escape attempts. Under very little circumstances (Allowed circumstance would be if a higher Officer has ordered it) should you go back to CPU with a suspect in your cruiser Loud. This means with sirens on and strobes. You of course, must drive legally. Meaning sticking to the speed limits and traffic rules.

Searching a Suspect
Once you have got the suspect into the CPU, it is general practice to put them against the wall and search them. A lot of The PD takes it as general practice to frisk the suspects for items even before you get him inside the cruiser. Saying that he may have something potentially dangerous on his persons. What If: If upon searching the suspect you find weaponry or Narcotics? If this should occur, then you remove them from their persons. You may add this charge of possession to their list and if possible update their MDC page with it. You should also change their fine and jail time accordingly. With the evidence, you put it in the evidence room. An officer shall show you where it is located. ((You may have to get off duty to pick it up. S.S them dropping it and you finding it on their persons in case an incident should occur. A crash, them claiming you gave them it and so on.)) If suitable, you should then go and report the incident for further investigation (If needed, not every case does) to the Detectives.

Fingerprinting
Once the suspect is in custody, it is important to gather as much information about him as possible. One of the best ways to get an individual match on a suspect is through Finger Printing. As each student may know, finger prints are unique per person, even twins; so identifying people this way is ideal. In the cells office, there is a black box with a sponge pad which emits black ink. You must press each finger into this individually, and press them against the paperwork. The paperwork can also be found in the desk and as you shall see, has sections of which finger to print where. Please be aware, that the arrest procedure may and usually does take a considerable amount of time. If anyone is found rushing and in turn, misdoing or indeed skipping stages then punishment may be taken.

Photography
Photography links in well with the arrest procedure; however it is not just for this purpose. Whilst in the arrest procedure you should take a photograph of the suspect. This should then be uploaded onto the suspects MDC account. MDC shall be covered later. Whilst on a scene It is important to gather evidence as you go along. It is not just detectives that gather evidence, and at the same time it is not just detectives that do detective work. (On this point, you should note that CPU should ONLY be undertaking Basic Detective Work, this is taking information and not following it up in any way.) This means, that you should be taking photographs of crashes when you arrive on the scene, and indeed anything you feel is necessary. Please be aware, that not every case is fit for you to stop and take photographs. The reason for taking photographs is as followed: To secure undoubted evidence for others. To prevent yourself (and the PD) for being accused of tampering and other sue able crimes). The psychological presence of a camera can deter some criminals from acting.

Database Duties
When arresting a suspect, it is your duty to update their MDC page. The MDC is the database in which all PD can access (Cadet is not considered full Police Officers; they can be fired at any point, even where a PO I may not be. Therefore dont have one.) As previous mentioned, Cadets dont have MDCs, however it is still their responsibility to get the MDC updated. This can be done by requesting a 10-18 of the persons name. A response of a 10-19 with the details shall be indicated. Once and If you reach POI rank, you shall be issued with an MDC. To activate it you should go inside a cruiser, or at a computer in the CPUs.

Deciding Fines/Punishments
As an officer, it is your duty to decide upon arrest times and fines for tickets and so forth. It is provided a list to help you understand the punishments/fine further. If multiple crimes then: Add each and every fine together and time together and add them all in the MDC If multiple times of the same crime then: Count every crime separately and add it together for a total punishment and add them all in the MDC If a crime committed hold any kind of prison time (note: not jail time!) then: Add all fines/tickets together and issue it to the suspect but DO NOT execute the tickets/fines for the crimes that have a prison time sentence. Add the ticket/fines you did execute in the MDC along with all the crimes committed.

Patrol Activities and Purposes

We patrol for many reasons that includes as:
Crime Detection and Prevention Apprehension of Criminals & Wanted Suspects Data & Information Collection Report Writing & Documentation Public Assistance Peace Keeping and Order Maintenance Conflict Resolution Traffic Control and Enforcement Parking Enforcement Law Enforcement Reduce Citizens Fear of Crime Detect and Enforce Code and Safety Violations Rapid Responses to Emergencies Public Relations Police Visibility Property Protection

Different methods of patrolling

Foot Patrol Motorcycle Patrol Motorized Patrol Bike Patrol Aircraft Patrol Maritime Patrol

A building patrol is something that every officer will do at one point or another. Generally, in a building patrol, officers are looking for security violations or just making sure that an area is secure. A building search is usually conducted as a result of an alarm, unauthorized entry, or evidence of a break-in. This course will better assist the front line officer with basic concepts and strategies to assist them when conducting perimeter and interior searches.

The Initial Approach

When dispatched to conduct either a patrol or respond to an alarm, take into consideration past alarms or previous and current information of the facility to help you formulate a plan to conduct your search. When approaching a building, consider the following: Have there been other break-ins around the same time of day? If you are responding to an alarm, where did the alarm originate (from broken glass, main lobby, etc.)? Is the building a warehouse or other facility large enough that there are unlimited places for someone to hide?

Variables of a Building Approach

When approaching a building, you need to take into consideration many variables that will affect the way you respond and approach the facility. Example: If you are in a patrol vehicle, do not pull up directly in front of the main entrance as it would give your position away. Also, try to pull up at a distance far enough away to view as much of the building as possible. As you approach closer to the building, use your senses.

What to look for?

Watch windows for: - lights not usually on. - Shadows in windows. - Any activity or movement around the facility. Assess entry and exit routes for: - skylights. - Emergency exit doors. - Truck dock areas with roll-up doors. Listen for: - people talking. - Glass breaking any unusual sounds. - Any out of the usual sounds. Do you smell: - smoke? - Gas leaks? - Cologne? - sweat?

Checking the Perimeter

After making your approach, you need to ensure that the perimeter of the building has not been breached. If responding to an alarm, verify where the breach has occurred. Look for suspicious people or vehicles near the building and make notes of descriptions and directions of travel. Note any vehicles that are not normally parked in the parking area. Alert dispatch and check out the vehicles, noting description, license plate, and number of occupants. Look for any suspicious items: - Are boxes out in front of building or do you see unusual carts that could be used to carry out equipment? - Check the phone lines and power lines entering the building as some criminals will cut these lines thinking that they may be the only means of security for the building.

Testing the Security Response

Also consider that intruders may be simply testing your response. Sometimes, criminals cut lines or give the appearance of intrusion and then hide and wait for some response. They then note the number of responding officers, how long it takes officers to respond, and what responding off cars do upon arriving on site. Criminals may also be testing to see if their actions cause an alarm to sound or if officers on patrol notice a possible intrusion. At night, check lights around the perimeter of the building that are normally lit that could be burned out or broken to conceal subjects entering or leaving the facility. During the day, check to make sure all perimeter lights are operational and have not been broken. Check fences or gates leading into the facility. Make sure all entry points are secure. Even if these points do not allow normal access into the building, they may provide access to equipment or mechanical areas around your facility. When checking the outside doors of the facility, test each door by pulling or pushing on it to make sure it is secure. Some criminals will hide the fact that they have entered the facility by closingbut not lockingthe door behind them.

Evidence of Forced Entry

If you find evidence of forced entry (i.e. broken windows or doors, locks cut) and you do not have to make entry, then DO NOT enter. You are essentially a observer at this point. Stay back from the building, observe, report everything to your dispatch or supervisor.

Learning and searching a building

If you must enter the facility, do so cautiously, and remember that the suspect could still be inside and armed. Before beginning the search, prepare to be as quiet as possible. The following may help eliminate unwanted noise: Radiokeep the volume low. Cellular phoneput it on vibrate or silent. Keysconsider binding in a key carrier. Speaking with other officerstry talking extremely low or using hand signals. Loose change in your pocketstore it in another location other than your pocket. Footwearhard-soled shoes might make tapping sounds as you walk, so rubber-soled shoes may be preferable.

Know the building

Stairwells Elevators Emergency exits Roof hatches Mechanical rooms

To detect a person inside a building

1. Do not forget to look up. 2. Do not look for a person or full body. Look instead for a body part. 3. Give corners a wide angle.

Doorway entry and room search

If you have to enter a room, the first step is opening the door. When you first approach a door, determine if it opens in or out by checking the hinges: Hinges on the outside mean the door opens outward. If you cannot see hinges, the door opens inward.

Searching the room

Be as quiet as possible. Beware of casting a shadow and giving your position away. Communicate with other officers silently. Move at a safe place to control the search. Slice the pie.

Slice The Pie

When approaching any entryway, a technique should be used to assist the offi cer in seeing as much of the inside of a room as possible without actually entering the room. The technique is called slicing the pie. To slice the pie, you must think about the saying itself. If you have ever cut a round pie, cake, or pizza you have an idea of how to slice the pie of a room. Imagine you are looking along the edge of a door slicing the room into diagonal pieces, clearing each piece one at a time before entering the room. Do not place yourself in such a way that you are standing directly inside the doorway. That is known as the fatal funnel. Directly inside a doorway, you are the perfect target. Instead, place yourself off to one side of the door, leaving you able to look into the room without actually entering the room. Expose as little of yourself to the opening of the door as possible. When checking each slice, look for the following: - Unauthorized persons - Weapons - Signs of forced entry - Anything out of the normal

Silhouetting
When entering the room or building and moving through the fatal funnel, the officer will be back-lit by some light source. This is called silhouetting. Silhouetting is something you should avoid as it will provide a defined target for anyone inside the room looking out. It can also give your position away by indicating to others in the area your exact position. Silhouetting can be caused by such light sources as the following: Emergency exit signs. Street lights. Ambient city lights. Flashlights.

Clearing a room
Remember to clear each room you come upon. Be sure that you check inside closets, under desks, and any place a person could hide. Have a plan. Upon leaving, close and secure the door. Be cautious around hallways and stairs. Be quiet. Communicate your location and observations to dispatch and other officers. Call for backup, if necessary.

Police Equipment

Police Equipment Page 2

A guide on how to initiate a P.I.T Manuever and a BOX

The P.I.T Manuever (Precision Immobilisation Technique). The aim of the P.I.T is to immobilise a vehcile in order to arrest the suspect. If the vehcile does not tip, then you may have time to ram him again and keep using the PIT at slow speed so the suspect runs, or enough time to exit the cruiser and shoot the target. The P.I.T Manuever is something like that; shown in the diagram;

To do that; please follow the steps below.

Step 1; approach. Approach the suspect but dont pass. Never intend to damage the vehicle.

Step 2: Position your cruiser to the right/left (depends on whats available at time and your preference) make sure you are half way infront of the target vehicle. Position roughly so that the corner of the vehcile meets the middle (between front and rear door)

Step 3; slightly go forward and react fast on suspects movement and anticipate the next movement. Now aim for the left side of the car and then slowly push it, making the suspect losing the handling.

Step 4; the suspect loses handling and the vehicle goes 90 degrees vertically.

Step 5; dont make the suspect evade the crash by handbraking, fastly act and go further but not hardly.

Step 6; final; the suspect has shaken a lot, lost control and they cant evade any more.

*Notice: PIT Manoeuvre requires the authorization of a Sergeant rank and the personal judgement of the attempting officers. In order to insure the safety of those around you, make sure it is only conducted in an area were minimal collateral damage can occur if the car spins out of control. Only use in a metropolitan area if the suspect poses more danger than the P.I.T. can possibly cause.

BOX
The BOX typically works on three vehicles (or 2 vehicles and a wall blocking movement) making a box so the suspect cant move. All works by radio communication and teamwork which is important. You are going to initiate a box during the training session as a student.

During a box, you are to handbrake, so the suspect cant evade any more.

Roadblock Usage
Roadblocks are a great asset to the LSPD. Roadblocks are used whenever a zone or area needs to be blocked off from unauthorized people or to ensure safety for civilians. The main objective with roadblocks are to ensure the safety of civilians by keeping them outside a zone where they can be endangered. A roadblock is never meant to be left unless an order has been given to do so by a supervisor. ((To use the roadblocks, go on CPU duty then use the command /rbs. When setting up roadblocks, place them realistically, don't have them glitch through each other or placing them so that they are 'in' a house.))

Types of blocks, fences and signs:

Large Roadblock - Used whenever several lanes need to be blocked off. ((Indestructible))

Small Roadblock - The primary traffic roadblock, the 'standard' roadblock. ((Indestructible))

Yellow Fence - Used mainly for protection against possible gun threats by giving protection to officers behind it. ((Indestructible))

Small Warning Fence - Used for blocking off crime scenes. ((Destructible))

Small Warning Fence with Light - Fills the same function as the 'Small Warning Fence'. ((Destructible))

Ugly Small Fence - Used along with 'small roadblock' to fill minor gaps. ((Destructible))

Sidewalk Block - Used to block off civilians from entering a blocked off area via the sidewalk. ((Destructible))

Detour -> - Used to alert oncoming traffic that they need to take a detour due to the road being blocked off. ((Destructible))

Warning Fence - Used for blocking off crime scenes. ((Destructible))

Vehicles -> - Fills the same functioning as the detour sign, though this is bigger and more suitable for bigger roads, it is also equipped with lights. ((Use the backside of the sign to oncoming traffic as it might mislead with its writing | Destructible))

Usage of roadblocks
Types of Roadblocks Traffic roadblock:
Whenever a traffic accident occurs, it is a must to set up roadblocks around the place of the accident. When setting up this kind of roadblock there are two things to remember: Do not close down the entire street unless needed, let traffic flow otherwise set up detour signs at the previous optional way and don't isolate the area of the accident. Other government employees such as LSES and even HeX needs to be able to access the point of the accident. You are never allowed to leave a traffic roadblock unattended.

 Checkpoint Checkpoints are a different use of roadblocks, when making a checkpoint the main objectives are to get the drivers to slow down and be able to check them if they have a valid driver's license, the car is not stolen and that they are sober. When setting up a checkpoint on a road with only one lane in each direction, make sure to re-direct the oncoming traffic of which you do not intend to check. If this is not done, the checkpoint may cause accidents that could have easily been avoided. You are never allowed to leave a checkpoint unattended.

 Perimeter block off

This kind of roadblock is used under special circumstances such as bank robberies and terrorist attacks, where an entire area needs to be blocked off for the safety of civilians. When setting up perimeters, the first perimeter to be set up is the close perimeter. Then, if there are enough officer and enough time, the crime scene perimeter can be set up and possibly last, the external perimeter. The perimeter block off consists of one (1) to three (3) perimeters where each perimeter has a special purpose. These three perimeters are: Crime scene perimeter Close perimeter External perimeter

Crime scene perimeter

When there is a need to block off a small area of which evidence is and is needed to be examined before move, a certain block is needed. This kind of block is called a 'Criminal scene area block' and is rather simple. The only thing needed to consider when putting up the fences is that you make sure that they are standing far enough from the evidence so that the evidence is not able to be damaged by the fences. Only detectives are allowed within a crime scene perimeter unless other orders have been give. This is to ensure that the evidence inside the crime scene will be handled properly by detectives and not be manipulated or damaged. The crime scene perimeter could be everything from a small area to a large building. It is basically the close area to where a crime was committed.

Close perimeter
The close perimeter is the perimeter covering a smaller area around the crime scene perimeter. In this perimeter, no one but authorized personnel is allowed to enter. The close perimeter has the purpose to secure the smaller area around the crime scene from civilians and to be able to stop any possible fleeing suspects and/or disabling the possibility for vehicles to enter and support the suspects in fleeing. The close perimeter is the first perimeter to be set up and it is never allowed be left unguarded. The close perimeter should always leave a minor gap for vehicles to enter but that area must be blocked by a LSPD cruiser or similar vehicle and only be moved to let in authorized vehicles. When setting up a close perimeter officers need to be sure that all possible exits are covered and that the entire area around the crime scene is blocked off.

Within the close perimeter a barrier is allowed to be put up for protection against fire for officers. This barrier should be located tactically so that the officers behind it are secure and that they have clear sight towards the front exit or main crime scene of which the suspects might exit or be at.

External Perimeter
The external perimeter is only allowed to be set up when a close perimeter has been set up and there is enough men and time to set up this perimeter. The main focus for the external perimeter is to be an extra roadblock and be able to act as a 'reserve' if suspects have come through the close perimeter. The area between the external and close perimeter is not as restricted as the close perimeter but it is still considered as a dangerous area. It is possible for civilians and unauthorized personnel to be within the area but it should only be if needed.

Introduction
When in the field, an officer can and will find themselves needing to administer basic to advanced first aid on an injured victim/suspect. Due to recent issues within the Los Santos Emergency Services, fully trained medics are not going to always be available, so officers will have to be trained how to do first aid.

Equipment
In the trunk of each cruiser there is an advanced first aid medical kit. In this kit you will find all of the following: Alcohol Wipes (1 package) These will be used to clean any wounds. Sterile Gauze (package of 20 four inch squares) Gauze is the standard wound wrapping material. Acetaminophen (1 bottle) Pain killer, used if victim is allergic to Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen (1 bottle) Pain killer, used if victim is allergic to Acetaminophen. Tweezers (1) Used for pulling any objects out of wounds. Antiseptic Hand Cleaner (1 bottle) Used for cleaning your hands before performing first aid. Medical Adhesive Tape (1 roll) Used to attach gauze to a persons body. Elastic Bandages (total of 4) Stretchy bandages applied to parts of the body that move, i.e. elbows. Several Sizes of Adhesive Bandages (20 bandages) Insect Bite Swabs (5 swabs) Used when the victim has a insect bite. Triple Antibiotic Ointment (1 tube) Ointment that can be applied to cleaned cuts to prevent infection. Hydrogen Peroxide (1 travel size bottle) Antibacterial liquid used for cleaning smaller cuts. Bandage Scissors (1) - Used to cut bandages to size. Triangular Bandages (3) Instant Cold Pack (1) Used to relieve any pain that might be in an area i.e. back pain Latex Gloves (2 pair) Barrier Device for CPR. Neck Brace Cotton Tips (small travel sized package of 20)

Checking Vital
When approaching an injured victim/suspect, you should always check their vitals. First, you want to make sure they are breathing. To make sure a person is breathing, you can simply look for a rise and fall of their chest, place your ear to their chest, or just above their mouth. If the victim/suspect is breathing fine, you would continue on to check their pulse. If a victim/suspect is not breathing fine, you need to check what is wrong with their breathing. If there is no breathing at all, you should immediately begin the CPR procedures (this time CPR does not stand for Courtesy Professionalism Respect). If there is breathing, but it is weak or seems blocked, you should check their airways for any objects that might be blocking airflow. Once you have insured that the victim/suspect is breathing, it is crucial that you check for a steady pulse. To check for a pulse, you should take your index and middle fingers and place them on the victim/suspects wrist and feel for a pulse. If the pulse is fine, you would go on to cleaning up any wounds they have. If the pulse is low or irregular, you need to get the victim/suspect to the hospital immediately and have doctors administer care/drugs to them there.

Inspecting wounds
When inspecting wounds, it is important that you do not cause further injuries to the victim/suspect. First, if the victim/suspect is conscious, ask them if/where they feel pain. If they cannot feel pain, or cannot reply, you should check for any injuries that may be hidden. Feel their body for any wet spots because a wet spot could mean there is a wound underneath. Once you have checked for any visible bleeding and felt for wet spots, you should move on to patching up identified injuries. Make sure before working on wounds that you identify how large the wound is, and if there are any foreign objects inside.

Cleaning wounds
Once you have identified a wound, you need to get any foreign objects out of it. This is a rather simple task, requiring you to use the tweezers. You will simply grasp the foreign object with the tweezers and pull it out, AS LONG AS IT WILL NOT CAUSE FURTHER BLEEDING. If the object in the wound would cause the victim/suspect to bleed out, you should have them taken to the hospital immediately so that certified surgeons can operate on them there. After you have removed any foreign objects, you are able to move on to cleaning the wound. Depending on the wound size, you will use alcohol wipes or Hydrogen Peroxide to clean the wound. After cleaning the wound, depending on the size, you will apply the antibiotic cream, and then apply gauze or an adhesive bandage. If the wound is deeper than a quarter inch, located on the face, or reaches a bone, then the victim/suspect will need to be taken to the hospital to receive stitches.

(( Credits This topic is defined as OOC ))

Producers
Roan Montgomery Caglan Ozdogan Berk Caggy

Charlie Fox - Smoky Max Steven - Steven

Special Thanks to
Darius Moradi Nojan Joem Caron - Drzewko Aidan Bell Robert Jenkins Akio Katashi Max Hansson dvl R0bert Jonny Maxx

Gareth Walthers Gazum123 Timoty Holmes Ashby

Tony Fox Fox. Sophie Rodriguez Harvey Taylor Smithy

Thank you, LSPD!

Training Bureau 2011