The student demonstrates a comprehensive geographic understanding of population concepts by: - fully explaining all the population concepts,

examined in this paper, using geographic terminology and concepts - showing insight and integrating detailed supporting evidence

choice of shape is fully explained by explaining that there is both a low birth rate and very low death rate (lower than birth rate taken as implied, as student shows in second sentence that they understand there is a low birthrate and an aging population.)

(e) How Kenya and Germany could contribute to population sustainability is fully explained by using ideas from the diagram and showing understanding by adding specific ideas such as Germany changing the source of their energy to more renewable energy and providing funding to education in less developed countries. Ideas about Kenya introducing family planning education is supported by detail from the resource.

Student is able to produce a clear sketch map showing major features of India's population distribution.

The explanation shows insight by covering both sparsely and densely populated areas and by linking this to farming, urbanisation and relief. Detailed supporting evidence includes named places, population density and other statistical data that is generally accurate. The student shows understanding of geographic concepts - patterns and ideas concentration and dispersal are implied in the terms such as unevenly spread, mega city, very dense

Two population characteristics are fully explained, that is reasons are given for the characteristic, showing clear understanding (insight). Detailed supporting evidence, such as generally accurate statistical data, is included to support the explanation. The student infers geographic concepts by referring to attitudes in characteristic 1 and temporal change (future rapid population growth) in characteristic 2.

Diagram is clear and fully annotated with detailed evidence that refers to the named country (India) and to the named migration type (rural to urban). Generally accurate statistical information is included.

correctly answers question by writing about effects of migration not reasons for migration

The effects of migration are fully explained by explaining the effects on Mumbai. Detailed supporting evidence is included and the ideas form the resource box are used, The impact on the cultural environment is clearly expressed (effects on the city") although not explicitly namedas an environment.