Smith Chart 5. Locate on a Smith Chart the following load impedances terminating a 50 T-Line.

. (a) ZL = 200 , (b) ZL = j25 , (c) ZL = 50 + j50 , and (d) ZL = 25 j200 .

Fig. P6.21

6. A source with 50 source impedance drives a 50 T-Line that is 1/8 of a wavelength long, terminated in a load ZL = 50 j25 . Calculate L, VSWR, and the input impedance seen by the source. First we locate the normalized load, zL = 1 j0.5 (point a). By inspection of the Smith o Chart, we see that this point corresponds to L = 0.245e j 76 . Also, after drawing the constant circle we can see VSWR = 1.66. Finally, we move from point a, at 0.356 on the WTG scale, clockwise (towards the generator) a distance 0.125 to point b, at 0.481 . At this point we see zin = 0.62 j0.07. Denormalizing we find: Zin = 31 j3.5 .

Fig. P6.22a

Fig. P6.22b 7. A matching network consists of a length of T-Line in series with a capacitor. Determine the length (in wavelengths) required of the T-Line section and the capacitor value needed (at 1.0 GHz) to match a 10 j35 load impedance to the 50 line. We find the normalized load, zL = 0.2 j0.7, located at point a (WTG = 0.400). Now we move from point a clockwise (towards the generator) until we reach point b, where we have z = 1 + j2.4. Moving from a to b corresponds to d = 0.500+0.194-0.400 = 0.294. For the series capacitance we have j j 2.4 = , CZ o or C = 2 ( 1x10 1
9

) ( 50 ) ( 2.4 )

= 1.33 pF

Fig. P6.32a

Fig. P6.32b

8. You would like to match a 170 load to a 50 T-Line. (a) Determine the characteristic impedance required for a quarter-wave transformer. (b) What throughline length and stub length are required for a shorted shunt stub matching network? (a) Z s = Zo RL = 92 (b) (1)Normalize the load (point a, zL = 3.4 + j0). (2) locate the normalized load admittance: yL (point b) (3) move from point b to point c, at the y=1+jb circle (d = 0.170) (4) move from the shorted end of the stub (normalized admittance point c) to the point y = 0 jb. (l = 0.354 0.250 = 0.104 .) Note in step 3 we could have gone to the point y = 1-jb. This would have resulted in d = 0.329 and l = 0.396 .

Fig. P6.33a

Fig. P6.33b

9. A load impedance ZL = 200 + j160 is to be matched to a 100 line using a shorted shunt stub tuner. Find the solution that minimizes the length of the shorted stub. Refer to Figure P6.33a for the shunt stub circuit. (1)Normalize the load (point a, zL = 2.0 + j1.6). (2) locate the normalized load admittance: yL (point b) (3) move from point b to point c, at the y=1+jb circle(0.500 + 0.170 -0.458 = 0.212) (4) move from the shorted end of the stub (normalized admittance point) to the point y = 0 jb. (l = 0.354 0.250 = Fig. P6.34 0.104 .) P6.35: Repeat P6.34 for an open-ended shunt stub tuner. (1)Normalize the load (point a, zL = 2.0 + j1.6). (2) locate the normalized load admittance: yL (point b)

(3) move from point b to point c, at the y=1-jb circle(0.500 + 0.330 -0.458 = 0.372). We choose this point for c so as to minimize the length of the shunt stub. (4) move from the open end of the stub (normalized admittance point) to the point y = 0 + jb. (l = 0.146 )

Fig. P6.35a

Fig. P6.35b

10. A load impedance ZL = 25 + j90 is to be matched to a 50 line using a shorted shunt stub tuner. Find the solution that minimizes the length of the shorted stub. Refer to Figure P6.33a for the shunt stub circuit. (1)Normalize the load (point a, zL = 0.5 + j1.8). (2) locate the normalized load admittance: yL (point b) (3) move from point b to point c, at the y=1+jb circle(0.500 + 0.198 -0.423 = 0.275) (4) move from the shorted end of the stub (normalized admittance point) to the point y = 0 jb. (l = 0.308 0.250 = 0.058 .) Fig. P6.36

Microstrip Lines P6.42: A 100 impedance microstrip line is to be designed using copper metallization on a 0.127 cm thick dielectric of relative permittivity 3.8. Determine (a) w w = 0.0666 cm = 0.67 mm. P6.47: The top-down view of a microstrip circuit is shown in Figure 6.54. If the microstrip is supported by a 40 mil thick alumina substrate, (a) determine the line width required to achieve a 50 impedance line. (b) Suppose at this frequency the load impedance is ZL = 150 - j100 . Determine the length of the stubs (dthru and lstub) required to impedance match the load to the line. (a) w = 38.6 mils. Also, (b) Now we use a Smith Chart to determine the open-ended shunt stub matching network. (1) Normalize the load (point a: zL = 3.0 - j2.0) (2) locate yL (point b) (3) Move to point c (0.180 - 0.025 = 0.155; or dthru = 0.155 = 9 mm (354 mils)) (4) Move from yopen to 0.336, so lstub = 0.336 = 19.5 mm (768 mils)

Waveguides

11. Calculate uG, the wavelength in the guide and the wave impedance at 10 GHz for WR90. From Table 7.1 for WR90 we have fc10 = 6.56 GHz. So uG = uU fc 6.56 8 m 1 = 3x108 1 = 2.26 x10 s 10 f
2 2

= = 0.0397m, = 4cm 2 2 fc 6.56 1 1 10 f Since fc10 = 6.56 GHz, at 10 GHz only TE10 is present and therefore we only have the Z10TE impedance. U 120 TE Z10 = = = 500 2 2 fc 6.56 1 1 10 f 12. Consider WR975 is filled with polyethylene. Find (a) uu, (b) up and (c) uG at 600 MHz. From Table 7.1 for WR975 we have a = 9.75 in and b = 4.875 in. Then c 3 x108 m s 1 1in fc10 = = = 403MHz 2 r a 2 2.26 9.75in 0.0254m fc 403 F = 1 = 1 = 0.741 600 f Now, c 3x108 m uU = = = 2 x108 s r 2.26 uP = uU m = 2.7 x108 F s m s
2 2

3 x108 10 x109

uG = uU F = 1.48 x108

13. Find expressions for the phasor field components of the TE01 mode. With m = 0 and n = 1, the nonzero field components in equations (7.67) - (7.71)are

 y j z H zs = H o cos e b j y j z Exs = 2 Ho sin e 2 u b b H ys = j y j z Ho sin e 2 b b

2 u

14. Find an expression for the magnetic field of the TE11 mode. H= + j x y H o sin cos cos(t z )ax 2 2 u a a b

j x y H o cos sin cos(t z )ay 2 b a b

2 u

x y + H o cos cos cos(t z )az a b Resonator

Directional Coupler