REPORT BEKP 1423 2009/2010

DESIGNING POWER FACTOR CIRCUIT

SEMESTER 2-2009/2010 MOHD SHARUL SHAZWAN BIN MOHD SHAID B010910272

OBJECTIVE 1) To design a power factor correction circuit.

2) To use simulation program to verify the design.

3) To enhance understanding of fundamental theory on electrical engineering.

4) To exhibit critical thinking and problem solving soft skills.

5) To exhibit teamwork soft skills.

PROBLEM STATEMENT You are an electrical engineer involved in designing power factor circuit.

A terrace house received it power supply 240V, 50 Hz from TNB. The loads in the house consist of 7 florescence lights and 2 air-conditioning units. Design a power factor circuit to improve the power factor to 0.9 and verify your design with Multisim simulation program. Each florescence light consumes 40W of power with power factor of 0.5 and each air-conditioning units consumes 750W of power factor of 0.7. Compare the current and power consumed before and after the power factor correction exercise. Present your design and findings in the class.

Formula Active power : P=VI : Q=VI : V=IR

Reactive power Ohms Law

RESULT AND CALCULATION

Before adding capacitor; For florescence, Active power: P=40W = PF=VI 40=240(0.5) I1 IF=0.333A=peak current, IP = 60

PA =IV

PF =IV

750 = IA(240)(0.7) (0.5) IA = 4.4643 A Resistance : PF = I2F R R= =360 Reactive power, QL; QL=PF tan =40W tan 60 45.572996 =69.2820VAR 765.1530VAR XL : XL = = =623.5380 R=

40 = IF(240) IF = 1/3 A PA = IA2R

=37.6318 QL = PA tan = 750 tan =

XL = = = 38.3921

L: L= L=

= =1.9848H TOTAL POWER PT = PA TOTAL + PF TOTAL

= =0.1222H

QL = QLF TOTAL + QLA TOTAL

= (720x2)+(40x7) = (69.2820x7)+(7651.1530x2) = 1780W = 2015.28VAR

ST = = = 2688.8201 VA PF =0.9 Cos = S= QL new =

new PF = = = 0.662

= = 1977.7778VA

=862.0933VAR

Qc = QL old QL new = 2015.28 -862.0933 = 1153.1867VAR

Qc = Xc = =

= 49.9485 Xc = C= = = 63.7276F SIMULATION

DISCUSSION

Power factor is a measurement of how efficiently a facility uses electrical energy. A high power factor means that electrical capacity is being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor utilization of electric power. However, this is not to be confused with energy efficiency or conservation which applies only to energy. Improving the efficiency of electrical equipment reduces energy consumption, but does not necessarily improve the power factor. Power factor involves the relationship between these two types of power. Active Power is measured in watts (W) and Reactive Power is measured in volt-amperes-reactive (VAR). Active power and reactive power together make up Apparent Power, which is measured in volt-amperes(VA).

Power factor correction Low power factor is generally solved by adding power factor correction capacitors to a facility's electrical distribution system. Power factor correction capacitors supply the necessary reactive portion of power (VAR) for inductive devices. By supplying its own source of reactive power, a facility frees the utility from having to supply it. This generally results in a reduction in total customer demand and energy charges. Power factor correction requirements determine the total amount of capacitors required at low voltage buses. These capacitors can be configured as harmonic filters if necessary. The power factor characteristics of plant loads typically are determined from billing information, however, in the case of a new installation, typical load power factors will determine the required compensation. We have design the power factor correction circuit to improve the power factor to 0.9.The design circuit have verify with multisim simulation program.The current and power consumed also have been compare before and after power factor correction.

CONCLUSION
After finished this project,we are able to design a power factor correction circuit.We also know how to use simulation program to verify the circuit that have been design.We have understand the fundamental theory on electrical technology.We also achieve the critical thinking and problem solving soft skills.Lastly, we can develop the teamwork soft skills to finish our project.After complete this project by do power factor correction to improve the power factor and after simulate it in multisim,we consider this project is completely succeed.