Question Bank CSM 702 Advanced Computer Networks

Unit 1:
1. What is a computer network? What are the various components of the network? Briefly enumerate the goals for creating a computer network. 2. What are two types of service that the Internet provides to its applications? What are some characteristics of each of these services? 3. What is that packet switching is said to employ statistical multiplexing? Contrast multiplexing statistical with the multiplexing that takes place in TDM. 4. What is a layered approach? What are the reasons for using layered protocols? 5. What is the principal difference between connectionless communication and connectionoriented communication? 6. Consider sending a series of packets from a sending host to a receiving host over a fixed route. List the delay components in the end-to-end delay for a single packet. Which of these delays are constant and which are variable? 7. List all the seven layers of the OSI 7 layer model and describe each of the layers. 8. Mention the 3 types of guided transmission media. Give a detailed description about each of them. 9. Write short notes on: a. Link technologies b. Cellular communication c. World Wide Web d. Optical fibers e. Satellite communication 10. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to host B. a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s. b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R. c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay. d. Suppose host A begins to transmit the packet at time t= 0, at time t =dtrans, where is the last bit of the packet? e. Suppose dprop, is greater than dtrans. At time t =dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet? f. Suppose dprop, is less than dtrans, At time t =dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet? g. Suppose s = 2.5 x 108, L=100 bits, and R=28 Kbps. Find the distance m so that dprop equals t =dtrans. 11. Suppose two hosts A and B, are separated by 10,000 kilometers and arc connected by a direct link of R = 1 Mbps. Suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5 x 108 meters/sec.

a. Calculate the "bandwidth-delay product", R.tprop. b. Consider sending a file of 400,000 hits from host A to B. Suppose the file is sent continuously as one big massage. What is the maximum number of bits that will be in the link at any given time? c. Provide an interpretation of the bandwidth-delay product. d. Derive a general expression for the width of a bit in terms of the propagation speed s, the bandwidth R, and the length of the link m. 12. What are the layers in the Internet protocol stack? What are the principal responsibilities of each of these layers? Which layers in the Internet protocol stack does a router process? 13. Distinguish between connection-oriented and connection-less communication service, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each. 14. What is DNS? Give the drawbacks of centralized DNS. Write briefly about local name servers, authoritative name servers and root name servers. 15. What are the two types of HTTP connections? Mention the difference between the two with example, also mention the methods used in both the connections. 16. Suppose Alice with a Web-based e-mail account (such as Hot mail) sends it message to Bob, who accesses his mail from his mail server using POP3, Discuss how the message gets from Alice's host to Bob's host. Be sure to list the series of application -layer protocols that are used to move the message between the two hosts. 17. Explain in detail the way the DNS works, including a discussion on the iterated and noniterated queries, authoritative and root servers, and DNS records. 18. What are the network number, subnet number, and host number for the address 135.104.192.100, mask 255.255.128.0? 19. Suppose a 100-Mbps point-to-point link is being set up between Earth and a new lunar colony. The distance from the moon to Earth is approximately 385,000 km, and data travels over the link at the speed of light3 108 m/s. a. Calculate the minimum RTT for the link. b. Using the RTT as the delay, calculate the delay bandwidth product for the link. c. What is the significance of the delay bandwidth product computed in (b)? d. A camera on the lunar base takes pictures of Earth and saves them in digital format to disk. Suppose Mission Control on Earth wishes to download the most current image, which is 25 MB. What is the minimum amount of time that will elapse between when the request for the data goes out and the transfer is finished? 20. Suppose a 128-Kbps point-to-point link is set up between Earth and a rover on Mars. The distance from Earth to Mars (when they are closest together) is approximately 55 Km, and data travels over the link at the speed of light3 108 m/s. a. Calculate the minimum RTT for the link. b. Calculate the delay bandwidth product for the link. c. A camera on the rover takes pictures of its surroundings and sends these to Earth. How quickly after a picture is taken can it reach Mission Control on Earth? Assume that each image is 5Mb in size 21. Explain clearly the differences between time division and frequency multiplexing. 22. Mention the port numbers used by FTP. Why is it said that FTP sends control information out-of-band? 23. What are the two types of HTTP connections? Mention the difference between the two with example, also mention the methods used in both the connections. 24. What is the difference between persistent HTTP with pipelining and persistent HTTP without pipelining which of the two is used by HTTP/1.1?

Unit II

25. What is routing? Describe two common routing algorithms. 26. Describe link state routing and distance vector routing. 27. Use Dijkstra's algorithm to compute shortest paths for the network in figure below.

28. Describe the working of a border gateway protocol, clearly giving out the differences between iBGP and eBGP. 29. Discuss some features which are present in OSPF but not in RIP. 30. What is routing? Describe two common routing algorithms. 31. Describe link state routing and distance vector routing. 32. What is Near end crosstalk? 33. Write short notes on the following: a. MPLS b. BGP c. Border gateway routers Unit III 34. Discuss with an example the working of a Cyclic Redundancy Check. 35. Discuss error detection with a two-dimensional parity scheme. 36. Suppose we want to transmit the message 1011 0010 0100 1011 and protect it from errors using the CRC-8 polynomial x8 + x2 + x1 + 1. a. Use polynomial long division to determine the message that should be transmitted. b. Suppose the leftmost bit of the message is inverted due to noise on the transmission link. What is the result of the receivers CRC calculation? How does the receiver know that an error has occurred? 37. Suppose a router has three input flows and one output. It receives the packets listed in Table below all at about the same time, in the order listed, during a period in which the output port is busy but all queues are otherwise empty. Give the order in which the packets are transmitted, assuming a. Fair queuing b. Weighted fair queuing with flow 2 having twice as much share as flow 1, and flow 3 having 1.5 times as much share as flow 1. Note that ties are to be resolved in order flow 1, flow 2, flow 3.

38. What is fair queuing? What is weighted fair queuing? Discuss each of them in detail. 39. What is fair queuing? Why is it said to be work conserving? 40. Consider a RED gateway with MaxP = p, and with an average queue length halfway between the two thresholds a. Calculate the probability that none of the first n packets are dropped. b. Find p such that the probability that none of the first n packets are dropped is 41. Describe Random Early Detection in detail. 42. Describe in detail how DECbit can help in collision avoidance. 43. Describe and sketch the taxonomy of real time applications. 44. The transmission schedule (Table below) for a given flow lists for each second the number of packets sent between that time and the following second. The flow must stay within the bounds of a token bucket filter. What bucket depth does the flow need for the following token rates? Assume the bucket is initially full. a. 2 packets per second b. 4 packets per second

45. Suppose a congestion-control scheme results in a collection of competing flows that achieve the following throughput rates: 100 KBps, 60 KBps, 110 KBps, 95 KBps, and 150 KBps. a. Calculate the fairness index for this scheme (use Jains fairness index). b. Now add a flow with a throughput rate of 1000 KBps to the above, and recalculate the fairness index. 46. Explain and clearly bring out the differences between (AIMD) Additive Increase and Multiplicative decrease and slow start. 47. Briefly describe any two common queuing algorithms.

48. What is congestion? Describe the TCP congestion control mechanism. Distinguish between congestion control and flow control. How is flow control achieved? 49. Describe the following: a. Additive increase and multiplicative decrease b. Slow start c. Fast retransmit d. TCP fairness 50. Write briefly about the following and mention an example of each of them: a. End to end congestion control b. Network assisted congestion control 51. Briefly explain the following: a. FIFO queuing b. Tail drop c. FQ d. WFQ Unit IV and V 52. Discuss why suboptimal paths can be achieved in routing for mobile hosts. Explain a possible way in which the problem of suboptimal paths can be overcome. 53. What is multicasting? Explain. 54. Explain the construction of source specific and shared trees in PIM-SM. 55. Describe the working of Multiprotocol Label Switching. 56. Explain how a foreign agent is useful in routing for mobile hosts. 57. Write short notes on the following: a. Taxonomy of real time appplications b. Differentiated Service (EF, AF) c. QoS d. TCP Vegas 58. Write short notes on any three of the following: a. PIM-SM b. DVMRP c. Mobile IP 59. Discuss three different network topologies. 60. Discuss in detail the working of Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP). 61. Write briefly about any two of the following: a. Bus topology b. Star topology c. Token ring d. Backbone network 62. Discuss about Content Delivery Networks?