Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview
1. Movement 2. Statistical Data 3. Art meets Science
MOVEMENT
Ancient greece
Gothic
Oresme was very much interested in Gestalt, the shape of things. In Oresme's thinking, a body is endowed during its movement with a particular qualitative form (in German 'Gestalt'), which is shown by the configuration of its velocities. Hence, a body moving at constant velocity has a form (Gestalt) which is generally different from that of a body which is accelerated constantly.
Oresme also applied his concept of form latitudes to the study of music. Here he made a distinction between the loudness of a tone ('fortitudo', an extensive quantity) and its frequency ('acuties', an intensive quality).
Like we will see often in the history of visualization, a visual idea gives rise to several scientific revolutions: Descartes Kepler Galilei
Fear before him, all the earth: the world also shall be stable, that it be not moved. (1 Chronicle 16:30 (King James Version))
The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the Lord is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved. (Psalm 93:1(King James Version)) And yet it moves. (Eppur si muove) (Galileo Galilei)
STATISTICAL DATA
Text
Charles-Joseph Minard, Cattle coming from different regions in France to be sent to Paris, 1858 Charles Joseph 1781 1870
Charles-Joseph Minard, Cattle coming from different regions in France to be sent to Paris, 1858
Joseph Mallord William Turner, Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps, 1812 Text
Florence Nightingale, Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East, 1858
Florence Nightingale, Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East (Original), 1858
ART&SCIENCE
Etienne-Jules Marey, Myograph (Reaction of a frogs leg while irritating with electrical current), 1868
Etienne-Jules Marey, Myograph (Freezing of the muscle and loss of function through increasing temperature), 1868
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The Experimental Track at Palo Alto, In: The Attitudes of Animals in Motion, 1881
J.W. Gibbs Papers: Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids, 1873 and A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substance by Means of Surface, 1873
James Clerk Maxwell, Sculpture of J.W. Gibbs geometric representation of thermodynamic quantities (1873), 1874
Klein Bottle
Frank B. Gilbreth
All work motions, he contended, could be reduced to sixteen categories: search, find, select, grasp, posi tion, transport loaded, assemble, use, disassemble, inspect, pre position (for next operation), release load, transport empty, wait (unavoidable delay), wait (avoidable delay), and rest (for overcom ing fatigue). By analyzing micromotion film or chronocycle graphs, the therbligs could be identified and plotted on "simultan eous cycle motion" or "simo" charts. The simo chart listed horizontally the parts of the body arms, legs, trunk, and head with subdivisions (for example, the upper and lower arm, wrist, thumb, fingers, and palm). The vertical axis displayed elapsed time. By assigning each therblig a color and symbol, Gilbreth could chart each body part's motion over time, producing a clear visualization of the relationships between the therbligs.
Harold Edgerton
Harold Edgerton, Rapatronic camera with magneto-optic shutter, type CA-1 1, ca. 1950
Harold Edgerton, Rapatronic camera with magneto-optic shutter, type CA-1 1, ca. 1950
Read: Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Vision In Motion Martin Corbett What To Do With The Temps Perdu ? Geometric Chronophotography And The Thin-Slicing Of The Unconscious