Table of Contents

1. Georeferencing of toposheet 2. Importing of NRSA satellite data 3. Georeferencing of Panchromatic data 4. Image subsetting 5. Resolution merge 6. Stitching of images 7. Exporting to Geotiff 8. DEM Generation 9. Change Detection 10.Classification 11.GIS 12.Map Composition

3-15 16-17 18-25 26-28 29-33 34-44 45-49 50-58 59-62 63-67 68-81 82-100

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GEOMETRIC CORRECTION

Contents
1. Geo-referencing Topo Map 2. Importing satellite data 3. Geo-referencing Panchromatic data 4. Geo-referencing Liss III data( exercise) 5. Overlaying data and use of swipe technique

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Objective: Georeferencing of raster data to a particular projection system

1. To view the scanned toposheet (57f2.tif) open a Viewer by clicking on Viewer icon.

2. In the viewer, select file/open/raster. Select 57f2.tif and click on OK button.

3. You will see the toposheet in the viewer

4. To fit the toposheet in the viewer, RMB in the viewer and select Fit Image to Window

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Once you view the toposheet click File/Close from viewer menu bar

CORRECTING THE TOPOSHEET 1. The IMAGINE icon panel, Click the DATAPrep icon. This will display the Data Preparation popup list.

2. Select Image Geometric Correction. Set Geo Correction Input file dialog box appears 3. Select From Image File radio button 4. Select 57f2.tif and click OK

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5. The toposheet gets opened in the viewer and Set Geometric Model dialog box appears.

6. Select Polynomial and click OK. 7. Polynomial Model Properties dialog box appears. Click Close

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8. GCP Tool Reference Setup dialog box appears. Select the option Keyboard Only and click OK

9. Reference Map Information dialog box appears

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10. Click on Add/Change Map Projection to get the Projection Chooser dialog box

11. Click on the Custom Tab and set the information as follows. Projection Type : Geographic Lat/Lon Spheroid Name : Everest 1956 Datum : Indian(India, Nepal) Click OK 12. You will be back to Reference Map Information dialog box with projection in shown in that.

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13. Click OK to get three windows GCP tool window, Geo Correction Tools and Magnifier window. Note: You will see approximate statistics dialog box. Click OK three times

Geo Correction Tools

GCP Tool

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Note : There are 16 reference points in a Topo sheet the values of all these points are seen on the Topo sheet. 14. Click Create GCP icon from the GCP Tool window 15. Take the mouse cursor into the viewer. You can see the cursor will turn as + In the viewer select the place of point location and LMB. 16. You will see the point will be placed there. You will see the values in the GCP tool (X input and Y input). 17. Go to X ref type 77 and in Y Ref type 14 45(typing the values use space bar ex. For entering 14 45, Type 14 press space bar then type 45)

Click this button to make Off (toggle fully automatic GCP editing mode) This icon is used for predicting the points.

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18. In the same way create other 16 GCPs. 19. After creating save the points by clicking file/save input and file/save reference 20. Reference points will be saved in the file (*.gcc) 21. Click on set automatic transformation matrix icon to calculate RMSE error, which could be seen on top right of GCP tool. 22. Now go to Geo Correction Tools

23. Select Display Model Properties icon.

24. Select Projection tab. Click Add/Change Projection.

25. We will get the Projection Chooser. 26. Select projection type as Polyconic, Spheriod as Everest 1956, Datum as Indian(India, Nepal), longitude of central meridian as 77 07 30, latitude of origin of projection as 14 37 30 and click OK. 27. click OK

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you will get reference point reprojection warning dialog box. Click Yes.

28. You will see the X ref and Y ref values will be changed to meter units in the GCP tool. 29. Now select display resample image dialog icon

30. You will get resample dialog box. 31. In the output file type 57f2rect.img and click OK

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32. When the process is over. Click OK in the process bar.

33. Open the output file(57f2rect.img) in a viewer.

34. You can verify the out put file. By clicking on utility/inquiry cursor in the viewer. And place the cross hair on the know location and you can see the longitude and latitude values. In the top left corner list box change map to lat/lon You can cross check this values with the known values which has to be very close to each other.

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IMPORTING OF NRSA SATELLITE DATA The ERDAS IMAGINE Import function allows you to import a wide variety of data types for Use in ERDAS IMAGINE. The Export function lets you convert image (ERDAS IMAGINE .img file format) files into one of several data formats. In this lesson, learn how to: a. Import IRS 1C/1D Satellite Data (Super Structured Format). To start import/export option click on the Import icon on the ERDAS IMAGINE icon panel.

a. Import IRS 1C/1D Satellite Data (Super Structured Format) 1. In the IMAGINE icon panel, Click the Import icon. This will display the Import/Export dialog box

2. From the Type pop-up list, select IRS-1C/1D(Super Structured format) and from the Media pop-up list select File

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3. In Input box select pan/product1/imagery.pan. in the Output file enter irspan.img and click OK

4. You will get Import IRS-1C/1D Data in Super Structured Format dialog box, with all the details.

5. Click OK to see the process bar. After completion click OK and open the imported data in the viewer.

Note: Once you view the data close the viewer.

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CORRECTING PAN DATA WITH RECTIFIED TOPOSHEET

1. Click on DATAPrep from main icon panel. 2. Select Image Geometric Correction

3. We will see Set Geo Correction Input file dialog box 4. Select From Image File radio button 5. Select irspan.img in the box and click OK

6. You will get irspan.img opened in a viewer and Set Geometric Model dialog box. Select Polynomial and click OK

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6. We will see polynomial Model Properties dialog box. Click Close

7. You will see GCP Tool Reference Setup, select Image layer (new viewer)

8. Click OK

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35. You will get a dialog box to choose the image layer. 36. Select 57f2rect.img and click OK. (This will be acting as reference image) 37. You will get a reference map information dialog box 38. Click OK. Note: You will see many windows will opens up and your screen will look like this.

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we will start placing the points now.

1 2

Now we will identify the common area in both source image and reference toposheet Select create GCP from GCP tool box, place the gcp in image first and again select create GCP and place the gcp in the toposheet. Once you place the gcp you could look the values will be appearing in GCP tool

Note: In the same way select more GCPs in both. the placing of GCPs should be well distributed and should be static

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3. After placing three GCPs, you will be in prediction mode. Once you place a point in one of the image, you will find the same GCP will be placed in other image automatically. Adjust the point to the correct location. 4. After placing sufficient number of GCPs save it. 5. Click file/save input and file/save reference in GCP tool. 6. After placing the GCPs you will find the windows in this fashion.

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7. Now you can see the RMSE error in the top middle part of the GCP tool. 8. Now go to Geo Correction Tools,

9. Now select display resample image dialog icon

you will get resample dialog box. 10. Type pan_rect.img in output box. 11. Type X: 5.8 and Y: 5.8 in output cell size boxes. 12. Select Ignore Zero in Stats. 13. Click OK

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14. A process bar will appear which will show the status of process. 15. Click OK after completion. 16. To check the correctness of output image with toposheet. 17. Open a VIEWER from main icon panel. Open output image (pan_rect.img) by selecting File/Open/Raster layer. 18. Select pan_rect.img. you will see the image is displayed in the VIEWER. 19. In the same viewer, again select File/Open/Raster Layer. Now select 57f2rect.img and go to raster options tab and see that clear display is off and click OK. 20. You can notice that the toposheet will overlay on rectified image. 21. Go to Utility/Swipe option from viewer. You can see the box. Adjust the nudger, you will see the toposheet will move on rectified image. Now you can see the features of toposheet has to match with features of image.

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Exercise: correction of liss data with rectified pan image.

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IMAGE SUBSETTING

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Objective: Clipping the study area into another file.

1. Open pan_rect.img in the viewer. 2. Select AOI/Tools 3. Select Create Polygon icon and digitize the polygon on the image.

note: see that there is a bounding box around AOI. If bounding box is not present click inside AOI polygon 4. Select DataPrep icon from main icon panel 5. Select Subset Image. 6. You will get Subset dialog box. 7. Select input as pan_rect.img. 8. In output box type pan_57f2aoi.img 9. Check Ignore Zero in Output Stats. 10. Select AOI Button in the subset dialog box. 11. You will get choose AOI dialog box. Select viewer radio button. 12. Select OK in choose AOI dialog box and OK in Subset dialog box

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13. You will see the progress bar. 14. Click OK after completion. 15. To view the subset image, open a viewer and open pan_57f2aoi.img You will see the subset image in a viewer. 16. Save the AOI in to a file by clicking File/Save/AOI layer as, specify the file study.aoi. and Click OK for future use.

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RESOLUTION MERGE

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Objective: To Generate Pan sharpened Image from Pan and LISS III data. 1. Select DataPrep icon from main icon panel 2. Select Subset Image. 3. You will get Subset dialog box.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Select input as liss_rect.img. In output box type liss_57f2aoi.img Check Ignore Zero in Output Stats. Select AOI Button in the subset dialog box.

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8. You will get choose AOI dialog box. Select AOI File radio button. 9. Select study.aoi. Click OK 10. Click OK in Subset dialog box. 11. The Progress Bar appears. Click OK. 12. Display liss_57f2aoi.img in a viewer. Resolution Merge 1. Display pan_57f2aoi.img and liss_57f2aoi.img in two separate viewers

Note: panchromatic image has 5.8 m resolution, liss III image has 23.5 m resolution

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2. From IMAGINE icon panel select Interpreter/ Spatial Enhancement/ Resolution Merge 3. Resolution Merge dialog box opens.

4. Select pan_57f2aoi.img in High Resolution Input File and liss-57f2aoi.img in Multispectral Input File. 5. Input merge_57f2aoi.img in Output File. 6. Select Brovey Transform radio button under Method 7. Select Cubic Convolution radio button under Resampling Techniques 8. Select Ignore zero in Stats check box under Output Options 9. Type 3,2,1 in Select Layers. 10. Click OK 11. Progress Bar comes up, which shows the status of the job. 12. Click OK after completion. 13. Open Three Viewers, select View/Tile Viewers in any one viewer. 14. Open pan_57f2aoi.img, liss_57f2aoi.img and merge_57f2aoi.img in individual viewer.

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15. Set the scale to 12500 by selecting View/Scale/Scale Tool in each viewer. 16. Now to Geolink all three viewers, RMB in one of the viewer select Geo link/unlink and click LMB in second viewer. Repeat the same process between second and third viewer.

17. Now you can see the different information in all the three viewers.

Note: you can see both spectral information and spatial information in merged data.

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STICHING OF IMAGES

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Objective: Stiching of three images into one image

In this section of the exercise, you mosaic LANDSAT images of MSS and TM scenes. The three files to be mosaicked are: wasia1_mss.img, wasia2_mss.img, and wasia3_tm.img. Display Input Images 1. In the Viewer, select File | Open | Raster Layer or click the Open icon.

The Select Layer To Add dialog opens.

2. In the Select Layer To Add dialog under Filename, click on wasia1_mss.img 3. Click the Raster Options tab at the top . 4. Click the Clear Display option to disable it (this ensures that currently displayed files will not clear existing files from the Viewer). 5. Click the Background Transparent option to enable it. 6. Check to be sure that the Fit to Frame option is enabled. 7. Click OK in the Select Layer To Add dialog. The file wasia1_mss.img displays in the Viewer. 8. Repeat steps 1 to 7, opening wasia2_mss.img and wasia3_tm.img in the same Viewer. 9. Then RMB in the viewer and select Fit Image to Window option.

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10. When finished, you should be able to see all three files in the Viewer:

10. In the ERDAS IMAGINE icon panel, click on the DataPrep icon.

The Data Preparation menu displays.

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11. Select Mosaic Images. The Mosaic Tool dialog window opens.

12. Click Close in the Data Preparation menu to clear it from the screen.

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Add Images for Mosaic

1. Now see that you are set to set mode for input 1. In the Mosaic Tool viewer, click on the Add Images icon.(or select edit/add images options)

The Add Images for Mosaic dialog opens.

2. In the Add Images for Mosaic dialog under File tab, select Wasia1_mss.img. 3. Then select Image Area Options tab, select Compute Active Area radio button to enable it, and then click OK. The file wasia1_mss.img displays as image number 1 in the canvas of the Mosaic Tool viewer. 4. Repeat steps (2. and 3., adding wasia2_mss.img and wasia3_tm.img to the canvas of the Mosaic Tool viewer. When you are finished adding the three images, the Mosaic Tool viewer should look like the following:

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5. Click the display color correction options dialog icon in the Mosaic Tool viewer.

Color Correction dialog opens

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6. Select Use Histogram matching option.

8. Click OK in the Color Correction dialog. 9. Click on the Set Mode for Intersection icon in the Mosaic Tools tool bar

9. Shift+LMB on the overlap areas by clicking inside. 10. To draw the cutlines click on Automatically Generate cutline for intersection icon

11. 12. 13.

You will see Cutline Generation Options dialog box. Select Geometry-based Cutline Generation option Click OK

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You will an attention message

14. Click Yes Now you will see a default line is drawn in the overlap areas.

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15.

Click the Set Overlap Function icon.

The Set Overlap Function dialog opens.

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17 18 19 20

See that Cutline Exists options is selected under Intersection Type Leave the Smoothing Options to the default of No Smoothing. This will simply cut each image at the cutline, and join the two halves against each other. Leave the Feathering Options to the default of No Feathering, and click Apply and Click Close In the Mosaic Tool viewer, click on the Set Mode for Output Images to activate.

21. In the Mosaic Tool Viewer, Select Process/Run Mosaic Output File Name dialog opens

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17. In the Run Mosaic dialog under File tab, enter wasia_mosaic in the directory of your choice, then press Enter key on your key board. 18. Click the Output Options tab. 19. Enable the Stats Ignore Value: 0 checkbox, and Click OK. The job status dialog displays, showing the progress of the function. 20. Click OK when the job status dialog reads that the function is 100% complete. 21. To view the Output image, Open the Viewer, then select File/Open/Raster layer select wasia_mosaic.img from the directory where you have saved.

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Exporting to Geotiff

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Objective: Exporting the georeferenced image to geotiff.

1. Open a viewer by clicking Viewer Icon. 2. Click File/Open/Raster layer 3. You will get Select Layer to Add dialog box elect 4. Select merge_57f2aoi.img. Click OK merge_57f2aoi.img _57f2aoi.img.

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Note: the above image will be exported to geotiff

5. Click Import button to invoke Import/Export dialog box.

6. Select Export radio button for exporting 7. Select Geotiff under Type 8. Select File under Media

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9. Select merge_57f2aoi.img under Input file(*.img) 10. Automatically you can see the merge_57f2aoi.tif in Output file(*.tif)

Note: you can change the output file name

11. Click OK 12. Export Tiff data dialog box opens. 13. Under Export band selection select RGB. Leave Other options as default.

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Note: Click Export Options button to reverse band combinations. Click Create Worldfile check box to create World file(*.tfw)
14. Click OK in Export Tiff data dialog box. 15. You can see the progress bar comes up. Click OK once it completes 100%. 100%. 16. Open a viewer. Open merge_57f2aoi.tif.

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Note: you can see the projection information in status bar at bottom of the viewer. Now you can open the Geotiff file in Microstation as a reference file. See that the existing *.dgn file is in ground terms and should have the same projection as Geotiff file.

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DEM GENERATION

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Contents

1. Generating of DEM from Contour file 2. Visualizing the DEM in 3D

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Objective: DEM generation from contour file.

1. Open a viewer by clicking Viewer Icon. 2. Click File/Open/Vector 3. You will get Select Layer to Add dialog box elect 4. Select 54l16cont 54l16cont. 5. See that File of Types is Arc Coverage 6. Click OK

7. Contour file is opened a viewer. 8. To see the attributes for file, Select Vector/Attributes Vector/Attributes 9. Attribute editor will be opened. You can scroll towards to find the Z value column.

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10. Close all. 11. Now select DataPrep/Create Surface from the main icon panel.

12. You will see 3D Surface dialog box. 13. Select File/Read or Read New Data icon 14. You will see Input Data dialog box. 15. See that Point Data radio button is selected. 16. Under Source File Type Select Line Coverage 17. Under Source File Name select 54L16cont 18. Under Attribute for Z select IGDS-ZVALUE IGDS19. Click OK. OK.

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20. You can see the job state for Surfacing.

21. Click OK 22. You can see that values for X, Y and Z are populated in 3D Surfacing dialog box.

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23. Click Surface/Surfacing or Click on Perform Surfacing icon. 24. You will see Surfacing dialog box. 25. Under Output file(*.img) input 54l16_dem.img 54l16_dem.img 26. See that Surfacing Method is set to Linear Rubber Sheeting 27. Input Cell Size X as 10 and Cell Size as 10 28. BackGround is set to 0 by default 29. Enable Ignore Zero in Output Stats 30. Output Data Type is set to Float Single

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31. Click OK 32. Progress bar will shows you the status of DEM generation. 33. Click OK. OK. 34. To view the DEM, Open a Viewer 35. Select File/Open/Raster Select 54l16_dem.img. File/Open/Raster, 36. Click OK to see the data in viewer.

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Note: the pixel values in dem is height values

Visualizing DEM in 3D 1. In viewer menu bar select Utility / Image drape 2. Image Drape window opens, which displays DEM in 3D. 3. Click Go to Original Position icon in Image Drape window

4. You can see the DEM is fitted in Image Drape window

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5. There is a link box formed in Normal viewer. 6. You can change the eye and Target, which updates in Image Drape window.

Close all windows.

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CHANGE DETECTION

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Objective: Identify and measure the changes between temporal data sets 1. Open two viewers. In one viewer open atl_spotp_87.img and in another viewer open atl_spotp_92.img.

Now we use these two images to identify the changes. 2. From IMAGINE icon panel select Interpreter/Utilities/Change Detection 3. Change Detection dialog box opens

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4. Input atl_spotp_87.img as Before Image and atl_spotp_92.img as After Image. 5. Input spot_diff.img as the Image Difference File and spot_high.img as the Highlight Change File. 6. In the Highlight Changes, see that As Percent radio button selected. 7. Change the Increase More Than percent value to 20, and change Decrease More Than to 20. 8. Click OK. The progress bar appears. Click OK to complete the process

9. In four Viewers, Display atl_spotp_87.img, atl_spotp_92.img, spot_diff.img and spot_high.img.

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10. In the Viewer which has spot_high.img you can see the colors which highlights the changes. 11. Close all the Viewers.

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CLASSIFICATION

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Objective: To classify image and determine land use. 1. Display liss_57f2aoi.img in a viewer.

2. Select IMAGINE icon panel select Data Prep/Unsupervised Classification 3. Unsupervised Classification (ISO data) dialog box opens

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4. Select liss_57f2aoi.img under Input Raster File. Type liss_class.img under Output File 5. Type 8 in Number of Classes 6. Input 12 in Maximum Iterations and 0.950 in Convergence Threshold 7. Click OK 8. Progress Bar comes up. Once completed Click OK 9. Display liss_class.img in a new Viewer 10. Select Raster/Attributes in the viewer menu bar. 11. Raster Attributes Editor opens up. Classes created as: Unclassified Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4 Class5 Class6 Class7 Class8 Colors as: Gray levels

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Note: Leave the first row. It specified background image. 12. LMB in box under Color column and select the blue color. 13. LMB in box under Class Names and type Water. 14. Proceed for other classes 15. To add AREA column, select Edit/Add Area Column in Raster Attribute Editor Add Area Column dialog box opens

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16. Select Hectares in Units and type Area in Name field 17. Click OK

18. Area Column is added in Attribute Editor.

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GIS

Contents

1. Creation of Shape file on Topo Map 2. Adding attributes 3. Defining different color based on attributes 4. Vector querying

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Objective: Creating of GIS layers, editing and Querying

1. Open the Viewer and select File/Open/Raster Layer. Then select 57f2_rect.img and Click OK 2. Select File/New/Vector layer. 3. You will get a Create a new vector layer dialog box.

4. Select Shapefile(*.shp) in File of type. 5. Type Roads in File name. Click OK 6. New Shapefile Type Option dialog box opens.

7. See that Arc Shape is selected under Select Shapefile Type 8. Click OK.

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9. Now you could see a roads.shp layer is created on Image and Vector Tool box is automatically opens up.

Note: we are ready for digitization

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Line feature Polygon feature Feature selection box Undo edits Delete selected feature Cut selected feature Reshape selected feature Vector Symbology

Vector attributes

Vector viewing properties

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Now select the Line Feature icon Start digitizing by LMB click. To stop double click LMB. After digitization is over, save the layer by clicking on save button Default Attributers are automatically created. To view the Vector Attributes, select Attributes Icon shown above from vector tools or Vector/Attributes from viewer menu bar

15.

Attribute Editor opens

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ADDING ATTRIBUTES TO THE EXISTING TABLE 1. Select Edit/Column Attributes from the Attribute editor 2. You will get Column Attributes dialog box.

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3. Click on New button 4. Type road_id in Title box. 5. Select Type as Integer. See that Precision is Double and Display Width is 12. 6. Click OK. 7. Now you can see a column road_id is added to the attribute editor. Adding Values to the columns 8. LMB in one of the Line feature, you can see the corresponding attribute is selected in the Attribute editor. Then LMB in the box corresponding to road_id column. Then type the value

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9. After inputting all the values, save the vector layer by clicking save button in the viewer. 10. To create more attributes follow the steps from 3 to 9. 11. Save the changes you have made to the vector by Clicking Save button in the viewer. 12. Close all the windows. EDITING THE EXISTING VECTOR LAYER 1. Open a Viewer, Open pan_57f2.img by clicking File/Open/Raster 2. In the same viewer Open the existing vector layer(ex: roads.shp) by selecting File/Open/Vector Layer. 3. See that File of Type is Shape File, select roads.shp and Click OK 4. To edit it, Select Vector/Enable Editing from the menu bar in the Viewer 5. Now you can digitize more features, or reshape existing features.

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GIVING DIFFERENT COLOUR TO THE FEATURES DEPENDS ON ATTRIBUTE(CREATING SYMBOLOGY) Every feature is identified in the vector layer by the attributes assigned to it. Ex: in the roads.shp file, some roads are given road_id as 10, some roads are given 20 and other roads are given as 30. By default every feature has been given default color and thickness. We wanted to give different colors to this roads depends on road_id value. 1. Open the new viewer by clicking Viewer Icon from the main icon panel. 2. Click File/Open/Vector layer, file chooser box will appear. 3. See that File of Type is Shape File, select roads.shp and Click OK 4. From vector tools select Show Vector Symbology Icon 5. You will get the Symbology dialog box.

6. Select Automatic/Unique Value in the Symbology dialog box.

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7. In the pop up list select ROAD_ID (this is the column which describes various roads on which we are defining colors) 8. Enable Generate New Styles check box. 9. Click OK. 10. In the Symbology dialog box, you could see different color to different ID available in the shape file.

Now you can change the color, thickness and line styles for each line. 11. LMB in the cell under Symbol column for Class Name 10. 12. Select Other

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13. You will get Line Style Chooser dialog box.

14. To change the width of the line, in Width text box type 2. 15. To change the color, in Outer Color select the Selector box. 16. Choose red color.

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17. Click OK. 18. Follow the steps from 11 to 16 change the color to red and thickness as 1 for Class Name 20. 19. Class Name 30 is railway line. For this we want to give different line style. 20. LMB in the cell under Symbol column for Class Name 30. 21. Select Other 22. You will get Line Style Chooser dialog box. 23. Select Custom tab. 24. In Outer Width type 1. Select color as black. 25. Click on Use Symbol check box

26. If you want to change the symbol, select the symbol chooser. 27. Select others. 28. You will get Symbol Chooser dialog box. 29. Select Misc, in the pop up list. Choose Vertical line. 30. Enable on Use Color check box. Choose color as Black. 31. Click OK.

Symbol Chooser

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32. You will be back to Line Style Chooser dialog box. 33. Click OK. 34. We can see the different line styles in Symbology dialog box 35. Click Apply. 36. The line in the shape file has been changed to different line styles and colors based on attributes..

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37. Click Close in the Symbology dialog box. 38. You will get attention message box.

39. Click Yes.(we are saving the colors and line styles in to a file) 40. You will get a Save Symbology As dialog box. 41. Go to the directory where shape file exists and type roads and press enter key.(*.evs files should have the same name as the coverage name, and it has to stored in the same directory where coverage exists).

42. Click OK. 43. Close all windows. 44. Next time if you Open shape file r1, it will open with the same symbology what we have set.

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VECTOR QUERYING. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Open a viewer by clicking Viewer icon from the IMAGINE icon panel. Select File/open/vector. See that File of Type is Shape File, select roads.shp and Click OK You will see that vector is displayed in the viewer. Select Vector|Attributes. You will see that vector attributes editor is opened.

7. If you want to select a particular feature by writing a query (ex: all roads which has road_id = 10). 8. RMB in any cell under Record column and select Criteria 9. You will see the Selection Criteria dialog box.

LMB in text box under Criteria LMB on road_id Columns list, select == from Compares list and type 10 12. You will see the expressions as $"road_id" == 10 13. Click on Select button and click Close 14. Now you will see that all the records with road_id = 10 are highlighted in the attribute editor and the corresponding features are also selected in the viewer. 10. 11.

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15. Close all Windows.

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MAP COMPOSITIOIN

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Objective: Creating map composition and ready for printing Before starting Map Composition Open the set of files which is to be composed in the viewer

To start Map Composer, click on this button on the IMAGINE icon panel:

The Map Composer menu displays

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Click here to create a new map

1. In the Map composer menu, select New map composition

New map composition dialog Box opens

Type your map name here

Specify map size here in inches or in centimeters

2. In the New Name (*.map) part type pan and press enter(it automatically converts to pan.map) 3. In Map Width type 22 (Width can be adjusted as per the paper size used for printing (e.g. if the paper size you have is 24 inches, define the map width as 22) 4. In Map Height type 24 ( Height can be adjusted as per the paper size) 5. Leave the Units as default (inches) 6. Click on OK

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A blank Map Composer viewer displays along with the Annotation tool palette.

Compose map here

With your cursor in the Map Composer viewer, right-hold Fit Map To Window from the Quick View menu so that you can see the entire map composition page. In this exercise, we are using pan_57f2aoi.img Adding an image to the Map Composer 1. From the Annotation tool palette, click the Map Frame icon to draw the boundary of the map frame.

1. 2. Near the top of the Map Composer viewer, LMB-drag your cursor downward at an angle to draw the map frame. 3. When the mouse is released, the Map Frame Data Source dialog opens.

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4. In the Map Frame Data Source dialog, click the Viewer button to select the source data. 5. The Create Frame Instructions dialog displays.

6. Click inside the viewer. he Map Frame dialog opens, giving you options for sizing, scaling, and positioning the map frame. cursor box also displays in the Viewer. This cursor box allows you to select the area you want to use in the map composition.

The three radio buttons at the top of the Map Frame dialog allow you to adjust two parameters while keeping the other frozen. We are going to have an output map in 1:50000 scale 7. Type 50000 in the text box under Scale 1. Then select the first Radio button (Change the Map and Frame Area (Maintain scale)). Note:This will maintain the scale to 50000.

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8. With your cursor inside the cursor box in the Viewer, drag the cursor box to the area you want to display in the map composition.

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9. When the cursor box is positioned to your satisfaction, click OK in the Map Frame dialog to reference that portion of the image to the map composition. Note:The image area that you selected in the Viewer is now displayed in the map frame in the Map Composer viewer.

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Note :You are now finished the work with the viewer you can close the viewer.

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Editing the Map frame

1. To edit a map frame, click the Select Map Frame icon in the Annotation tool palette.

2. Click in the map frame to select it. 3. In the Map Composer viewer, select Annotation | Element Properties or doubleclick A new Viewer opens, with the image you are using displayed. A white cursor box indicates the area currently in the map frame. The Map Frame dialog also opens, displaying the settings you originally entered to position and size the map frame. 4. Change the information in the Map Frame dialog and/or move the cursor box in the Viewer. 5. Click OK in the Map Frame dialog when you are satisfied with the map frame. 6. Select File | Close from the Viewer menu bar.

Adding Grid to your Map

1. Click the Grid/Tick icon on the Annotation tool palette.

2. Click on the image inside the map frame on which you want to place Grid. The Set Grid/Tick Info dialog opens.

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3. Click on Set Destination Projection The Projection chooser dialog opens.

Choose Projection Type : Geographic(Lat/Lon). Spheriod Name : Everest 1956 Datum Name : Indian(India, Nepal) Click OK Note : You come back to Set Grid/Tick Info dialog

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4. In the Set Grid/Tick Info dialog select the Deg Min Sec option under Map Units 5. Specify the 5 minutes under Spacing.

6. Enable Use Full Grid. Click on Copy to Vertical, this option will apply the same settings to the vertical axis

7. Click Apply and then click Close .

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Adding the Scale Bar. 1. To place scale bars, select the Scale Bar tool from the Annotation tool palette.

2. Move the cursor into the Map Composer viewer and the cursor changes to the scale bar positioning cursor. 3. Drag the mouse to draw a box under the right corner of the map frame in the Map Composer viewer, outlining the length and location of the scale bar(s). Note:You can change the size (length) and location later, if needed. When you release the mouse button, the Scale Bar Instructions dialog is activated.

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4. Follow the instructions in the Scale Bar Instructions dialog by clicking in the map frame to indicate that this is the images scale you are showing. The Scale Bar Properties dialog opens.

5. In the Scale Bar Properties dialog under Units, select Kilometers and Miles by clicking the appropriate checkboxes. 6. Check the Representative Fraction On. 7. Set the Maximum Length to 2.0 inches. Press Return on your keyboard. 8. Click Apply in the Scale Bar Properties dialog. The scale bars display where you drew the box in the Map Composer viewer.

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Add a Map Title 1. Click on the Text icon in the Annotation tool palette.

2. Move your cursor to the top of the map in the Map Composer viewer. The cursor becomes an I-beam, indicating that you are placing text.

3. Click where you want to place the text. The Annotation Text dialog opens.

4. Move your pointer into the Enter Text String area in the Annotation Text dialog. 5. Type IRS PAN DATA in the text field. 6. Click OK in the Annotation Text dialog to place the text in the map composition. The text string is now displayed in the map composition.

Change Text Style

1. Click on the text string in the Map Composer viewer to select it. 2. From the Map Composer menu bar, select Annotation | Styles. The Styles dialog opens.

3. In the Styles dialog, hold on the popup list next to Text Style and select Other. The Text Style Chooser dialog opens.

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4. In the Text Style Chooser dialog, change the text Size to 20 points. The preview window at the bottom right corner of the Text Style Chooser dialog illustrates the change in point size. 5. Under Custom tab select the color under Fill Style option 6. Click Apply in the Text Style Chooser dialog to change the selected text in the map composition. 7. Click Close in the Text Style Chooser dialog if you are satisfied with your changes.

Placing the North Arrow 1. From the tool palate Select Create Symbol Annotation icon. 2. Take the cursor to the Map Composition window and LMB where you want to place the symbol.

Note: by default symbol is set to +

3. To change the Symbol Style Click on the symbol to select. 4. Select Annotation | Styles from the Map Composer menu bar. The Styles dialog opens.

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5. In the Styles dialog, hold the popup list next to Symbol Style and select Other. The Symbol Chooser dialog opens.

6. In the Symbol Chooser dialog, click on the popup list and select North Arrows. 7. Select north arrow 4 from the North Arrows list. The preview window at the bottom right corner of the Symbol Chooser dialog displays north arrow 4. 8. In the Symbol Chooser dialog, change the Size to 36 points (a size of 72 points is equal to one inch), and press Return on the keyboard. Set the color to the symbol. The preview window at the bottom right corner of the Symbol Chooser dialog displays the north arrow as it looks in the map composition. 9. Click Apply and then Click Close in the Symbol Chooser dialog to make this the default symbol.

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Note : Map Composition is done, you save the composition and close this window Print the Map Composition

ERDAS IMAGINE supports many output devices, including electrostatic plotters, continuous tone color printers, and PostScript devices. The printers you can use vary depending on your system configuration. These steps illustrate how to print to a Plotter. 1. Click on the Composer icon from the ERDAS IMAGINE icon panel.

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The Map Composer menu displays. 2. Select Print Map Composition from the Map Composer menu, or select File | Print from the Map Composer viewer menu bar. The Compositions dialog opens.

3. Under Filename click on the name of the map you previously created. 4. Click OK in the Compositions dialog. The Print Map Composition dialog opens.

5. Click on the Print Destination popup list to select the printer you want to use. 6. Click on Change printer configuration to change the properties. 7. You will get printer properties dialog box.

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8. Select <<Edit Paper List>> from Size popup list. 9. Now you will get Paper Size dialog box. Type 24 in width and 26 in height(if you remember we have set 22 and 24 while creating the map composition, so we have to give two inches more than existing map composition size). 10. Click OK in Paper Size dialog box. 11. Then you will be back to Printer Properties dialog box. 12. You can see the Paper size is set to 24X26 inches. Select Roll radio button. 13. Under Quality option select Normal(final). 14. Under Optimize option select for Images.

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15. See that Orientation is set to Portrait. 16. Click OK in Printer properties. You will be back to Print Map Composition dialog box. 17. Now select Page Setup tab. See that Number of Panels are set to 1.

The Number of panels set to 1 means that the total map composition will be coming under single page. If you could able to see the number of panels are set to more than one, we can say that the paper width and height selected is less than your map composition size.

18. Now Click OK in Printer Properties. These will directly sends the map composition to the printer.

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