Ok, lets start!

8.1.4
a) By definition, we have that

(z) = 1

() > 0

Letting u2 =
Then
2udu = dt
And substituting, we have that

(z) = u (u2 ) 1 (2udu)

0

= 2 u u2z2 udu
0

= 2 u u2z1 du
0

Now this is the answer, just change the variable u by t and thats it.
b) By definition, we have that

(z) = 1

() > 0

0
1

Letting u = ln() = ln() = ln () =

Ahora si t u 0 y luego si t 0 u 1
Luego du = =
Al sustituir tenemos que
0
1 1
(z) = [ln ( )]
( )

1
0
1 1
(z) = [ln ( )]

1
1
1 1
(z) = [ln ( )]

Al final se cambia la u por la t y obtenemos el resultado deseado.

8.1.11
a) we have that

2+1 = 2
0

Letting u = a 2 = 2 2 =
Sustituyendo, queda

2+1 2

1
= ( ) (
)=
( ) =

2
2 0
0

1
( + 1)
!
= +1 =
=
2
2 +1
2 +1
0

b) Dejando igual los parametros en a), tenemos

2 2

21

0
1

1 2
( )
=
2 0

1
0

2 +2

2
= ( )
(
)=

2
0

1
2

1
( + 2)
2 +1

1
( 2) !
2 +1