MetE 227 STUDY QUESTION , November 2007

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MetE 227 BASIC CONCEPTS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE STUDY QUESTIONS

A1. Show: (a) crystallographic directions: [110] and [321] (b) crystallographic planes: (111) and (120) on the cubic unit cells provided below.

A2. Determine the Miller Indices of the planes:

A3. Draw and index 2 planes that are crystallographically equivalent to the shaded plane in A2-A. Use the blank unit cell to draw the planes and list their respective Miller indices.

A4. Index the drawn directions in the cubic unit cells

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MetE 227 STUDY QUESTION , November 2007

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B1. Draw the Bohr and Wave Mechanical representations for an lithium atom (Z=3) and explain the basic differences between two atomic models. B2. What is(are) fundamental difference(s) between primary bonds and secondary bonds in terms of bonding mechanism. B3. A material has simple cubic structure and the radius of its atoms is R. a) Calculate the atomic packing factor for this metal assuming that the atoms touch each other along the edge of the unit cell. b) Prove that the atomic packing for body centered cubic (bcc) structure is 0.68. (Use simple schematic drawings for both parts.) B4. Calculate the radius of an iridium (Ir) atom given that Ir has an face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, a density of 22.4 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 192.2 g/mol. (Avagadros number = 6.023x1023 atoms/mol) B5. Why do we consider external surfaces as defects, i.e why are external surfaces at considerably higher energy state with respect to the rest of the crystalline material? State another two-dimensional defect observed in polycrystalline materials. B6. The density of a sample FCC palladium is 11.98 g/cm3 and its lattice parameter, a is a=3.8902 Angstrom. Calculate (a ) The fraction of the lattice point that contain vacancies (b) The total number of vacancies in cubic centimeter of Pd. (Avagadros number = 6.023x1023 atoms/mol) B7. Suppose we introduce one carbon atom for every 100 iron atoms in an interstitial position in BCC iron, giving a lattice parameter of a=0.2867 nm. For the Fe-C alloy find (a) the density and (b) the packing factor. if rFe=1.241 nm, and rC=0.77nm. (Avagadros number = 6.023x1023 atoms/mol) B8. Why is the theoretical yield strength(i.e. resistance to plastic deformation) of metals much higher than that observed experimentally? B9. What are the three general types of imperfections or defects in a crystalline material...Discuss each type. B10. A metal having a cubic structure has a density of 1.892 g/cm3, an atomic weight of 132.91g/mol, and a lattice parameter of 6.13 Angstrom. One atom is associalted with each lattice point. Determine the crystals stucture of the metal. (Avagadros number = 6.023x1023 atoms/mol) B11. Would you expect MgO or magnesium to have higher modulus of elasticity? Why? B12. Calculate the planar atomic density in atoms per square millimeter (i.e. in terms number of atoms/mm2) of for the following crystal planes in BCC chromium, which has a lattice constant of 0.28846 nm: (a) (100), (b) (110), (c) (111). B13. Pure iron goes through a polymorphic change from BCC to FCC upon heating through 912C. Calculate the volume change associated with the change in crystal structure from BCC to FCC if at 912C the BCC unit cell has a lattice constant a = 0.293 nm and the FCC unit cell a = 0.363 nm.

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C1. Purification of H2 (D=1.0 x10-8 m2/s) gas is performed by forcing the impure gas through a palladium sheet. Determine the amount of H2 gas in kilograms that pass per hour (i.e. kg/h) through a 5-mm thick sheet of palladium having area of 0.2 m2. Assume H2 pressure is kept constant at high- and low-pressure sides at 2.4 kg/m3 and 0.6 kg/m3, respectively. C2. A 1 mm thick by 100x100 cm sheet of iron is used to contain nitrogen in a heat exchanger at 1200C. The concentration on the inside is 15 x 108 N2 atoms/cm3. The outside concentratioins is 1x108 atom/cm3 Assume that the heat exchanger has been in operational continuously. a) Galculate the concentration gradient b) Calculate the diffusion coefficient c) Calculate the flux. d) Calculate the total number of atoms per unit time C3. Consider a semi-infinite slab. The surface is subjected to a gas with concentration Cs of atoms that will diffuse into the slab. The slab does not have any initial concentration of these atoms. The diffusion coefficient of this gas into the slab is 4 x10-15cm2/s at 1150oC. After 1hr (3600s) the desired concentration profile has been achieved. a) Write down boundary and initial conditions b) Sketch the evolution of the concentration gradients c) How long will it take to achieve the same concentration profile at 1715oC if the diffusion coefficient is 6x10-11cm2/s C4. Why is interstitial-diffusion faster in polycrystalline materials? State one more factor related the atomic structure of the material which can affect the diffusion process.

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