INTRODUCTION

1.1

Brief description of project

Mobile Phone Controlled DTMF Based Robot is capable of receiving a set of command ( i n s t r u c t i o n s ) i n t h e f o r m o f D T M F t o n e s a n d p e r f o r m s t h e necessary actions. W e w i l l u s e modem/mobile at the receiver module i.e.

with the robot itself and send the commands using DTMF tones as per the required actions.

The mobile unit which is dedicated at the robot is interfaced with an intellectual device called Microcontroller so that it takes the responsibility of decoding the r e c e i v e d tones a n d p e r f o r m t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r e d e f i n e d t a s k s s u c h a s m o v e forward, Backward, left or right directions etc. The micro controller is also interfaced with few DC motors in order to move the robot in different directions. The ON and OFF of the DC motors depends on the direction i t h a s t o m o v e w h i c h i s t h e c o m p l e t e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e c o n t r o l l e r t o t a k e t h o s e intelligent decisions. This project uses ATMEGA8 micro controller.

Now when we dial the numbers in the mobile phone from the controlling side then it automatically recognizes which number has been recorded and it follows with the corresponding next step to be taken This Project uses DTMF Decoder which is controlled by a battery and in turn is connected to the mobile phone. This is controlled by the controller and is again connected to the driver circuit for driving the motor.

1.2

Technology used (DTMF SIGNALLING)

multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is used for telecommunication

Dual-tone

signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center. The version of DTMF that is used in push-button telephones for tone dialing is known as Touch-Tone.

The DTMF keypad is laid out in a 44 matrix, with each row representing a low frequency, and each column representing a high frequency. Pressing a single key (such as 1) will send a sinusoidal tone for each of the two frequencies (697 and 1209 hertz (Hz)). The original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the system multi frequency. These tones are then decoded by the switching center to determine which key was pressed. The DTMF tones and their frequencies are

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION

2.1 Basic block diagram

2.2 Description of block diagram:

As shown in the block diagram, we are using two mobile phones, one acts as a transmitter which is present near the user and the other one which is present on the moving bot which acts as a receiver. Mobile phones are mainly used to produce DTMF signals which are used to control the bot.

At the receiver side we have a decoder circuit which is used to decode the received DTMF signal into equivalent 4 binary values. These binary values are given to the At mega 8 micro controller, which is run by a 12 v battery .According to the program dumped in the micro controller, the wires are connected to the I/O ports. And the corresponding output from micro controller is given to the motor driver.

The motor driver then amplifies the current and drives the two DC motors. This is how we move the bot using DTMF signals generated from mobile phones. The motor driver IC has two voltage supplies one is to drive the IC and the other is to produce current to drive the motors.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

HARDWARE DESIGN AND DESCRIPTION

4.1 List of components 1. Mobile phones

2. Atmega 8 micro controller 3. MT 8870 Decoder 4. Capacitors 5. Resistors 6. Bot with two motors 7. L293D IC 8. Battery 9. Connecting wires 10. Voltage regulator 11. Head phone 12. Crystal oscillator

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4.2 Description of components

Atmega 8
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8 bit RISC single

chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to onetime programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.

PIN DIAGRAM

PIN OUT DESCRIPTION Pin 1: This pin is a part of port C and its pin number is PC6. This is also the reset pin and it must be always high, if it is low then the program will be reset and start from beginning.

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Pin 2: It is a part of port D (PD0). RXD Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous communication output. Pin 3: It is a part of port D(PD1). TXD Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous communication clock output. Pin 4: It is a part of port D (PD2).INT0 Interrupt 0 input. Pin 5: It is a part of port D (PD3). INT1 Interrupt 1 input. Pin 6: It is a part of port D (PD4). Pin 7: Digital supply voltage. Pin 8: Ground Pin 9: It is a part of port B (PB6).One terminal of crystal oscillator is placed in it. Pin 10: It is a part of port B (PB7).One terminal of crystal oscillator is placed in it. Pin 11: It is a part of port D (PD5). T1 Counter 1 clock input. Pin 12: It is a part of port D (PD6). Pin 13: It is a part of port D(PD7). Pin 14: It is a part of port B(PB0). Pin 15: It is a part of port B(PB1).A oscillator can be placed here. Pin 16: It is a part of port B(PB2). Pin 17: It is a part of port B(PB3).It has another function i.e.,MOSI(Multiple Output Single Input). Pin 18: It is a part of port B(PB4).Another function od=f this pin is MISO(Multiple Input Single Output). Pin 19: It is a part of port B(PB5). Pin 20: AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, Port C (3..0), and ADC (7..6). It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter. Pin 21: AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter. Pin 22: Ground. Pin 23-pin 28: these pin are a part of port C(PC0-PC5).Another function is they are Analog to Digital Convertors(ADC0-ADC5).

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In at mega 8 except ground ,Vcc ,AVCC,AREFall other pins are bi directional I/O pins and are used for more than single purpose. Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. Port C is an 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (. Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. There are in total 6 ADCS. These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels.

Capacitors:
Capacitors are common components of electronic circuits, used almost as frequently as resistors. The basic characteristic of a capacitor is its capacity - the higher the capacity, the higher is the amount of electricity it can hold. Capacity is measured in Farads (F).

Resistors:
Resistors are the most commonly used component in electronics and their purpose is to create specified values of current and voltage in a circuit. Resistors with power dissipation below 5 watt (most commonly used types) are cylindrical in shape, with a wire protruding from each end for connecting to a circuit.

Crystal oscillator:
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around them became known as "crystal oscillators."

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L293D MOTOR DRIVER: PIN DIAGRAM:

PIN DESCRIPTION:
This is a 16 pin IC. It consists of two enable pins (pin 1 and pin 9)These are used to activate input/output pins. It has 4 grounds in all(pin4-5 & pin 12-13).It has 4 I/O pins (pins2,7,10,15/pins3,6,11,14).Two power supply pins are present(pin 8 &16) one is for IC functioning and other is to give supply to the motor. This is just an amplifier. The L293 and L293D are quadruple high-current Half - H drivers. The L293 is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1 A at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive

currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. Both devices are designed to drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, dc and bipolar stepping motors, as
well as other high-current/high-voltage loads in positive-supply applications. It acts like a current buffer.

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MT 8870 DECODER: Pin diagram:

This is the basic circuitry that should be connected to get the DTMF code to be decoded into four bit binary. The input is given to this circuit is DTMF signal and output we get is 4 bit binary.

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SOFTWARE DESIGN

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5.1.FLOW CHART:

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5.2. CODE: #define F_CPU 1000000UL #include <avr/io.h> #include <util/delay.h> void delayms(uint16_t millis) { while ( millis ) { _delay_ms(1); millis--; } } int main(void) { DDRB = 0x00; DDRD = 0xFF; while(1) { if((PINB & 0x0F)==0x02) { PORTD=0x02; delayms(50); } else if((PINB & 0x0F)==0x08) { delayms(450); PORTD=0x01; delayms(50); } else if((PINB & 0x0F)==0x06) { PORTD=0x0A; delayms(50); } //checking for switch 2

//FRONT

//checking for switch 8

//BACK

//checking for switch 6 //RIGHT

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else if((PINB & 0x0F)==0x04) { PORTD=0x06; delayms(50); } else if((PINB & 0x0F)==0x05) { PORTD=0x11; delayms(50); } } return 0; }

//checking for switch 4 //LEFT

//checking for switch 5 //STOP

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FUTURE EXPANSION

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The main objective of making this bot is to operate it from any point in the world. This is done by simple dtmf. But the main problem is by using dtmf we cannot see the bot we can just control it. So, for this problem there is a remedy.

In this project we are controlling the bot using cell phones the distance of transmission is vast unlike other interfaces IRDA and RFID. So the distance of transmission of control is high. If we attach a IP cam to it we can view it from anywhere. Now if we attach sensors like humidity and temperature sensor we can measure temperature at any location.

Some places where a human cannot reach this can be able to measure the surrounding parameters based on the sensors attached to it. So it is one of the best ways to measure the surrounding. If the phone attached to it is a smart phone it can record the change in the atmosphere and we can view it later.

Another scope is we can control a simple humanoid bot by using the dtmf in the same way. So, it acts as a simple humanoid which can be accessed from any point in the world.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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For every project there are advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is there are many things in the world where the human cannot do the task or complete the job. Our bot may be sent to any place where human cannot go and it does the job. The other main advantage is it can be controlled by any mobile in the world if and only if the person knows the mobile number. 1. it can be used by the old people as a vehicle. This device can be attached to the wheel chair of the handicapped people and they own can control their vehicle by using their own mobile phone. 2. it can be sent into mines to transfer metals 3. it can be sent into furnace to since the temperature changes This can also be said as a dis advantage because some people by knowing the mobile number may misuse the bot. So, the mobile number should be kept secret or we should eventually change the sim card twice in a month.

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CONCLUSION

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By this project we came to know the following concepts 1. The concept of DTMF 2. How an ATMEGA8 works 3. Interfacing ATMEGA8 with DTMF decoder 4. Programming ATMEGA8 using Embedded -c 5. Need of current amplification to drive a motor using L293D

Initially the concept of DTMF is thoroughly studied and we used a DTMF decoder and interfaced it with ATMEGA8. The micro-controller is programmed in such a way that it controls the motion of the body by understanding the relevant DTMF signal. The current obtained from the microcontroller is not enough to drive a motor so, we are using a L293D ic to amplify the current and drive the motor.

Finally we want to conclude that by this mini project we want to extend the concept to a mini humanoid such that it may be doing multitasking the fields of army, navy, industrial purposes etc. so, it is concluded that Its what not all the software does Its what all the user does

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