Haki Kola Zef Dema

REPORT ON NATIONAL SURVEY FOR SELECTION OF COMMUNES TO BE SUPPORTED BY ALBANIAN FORESTRY PROJECT1 FOR THE YEAR 1996

Prepared by the Communal Forest and Pasture Unit

ALBANIAN FORESTRY PROJECT Project management unit

Tirana, 1996
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Financed by World Bank and Government of Italy

Contents
Setting the scene ................................................................................................................................. 3 The pilot project for communal forest and pasture ............................................................................. 4 THE MATERIAL AND METHOD ....................................................................................................... 4 The number of interested communes according to districts ............................................................ 5 The determination of the quantitative indicators by the criteria ..................................................... 5 The estimation for the indicator of the livestock by the farms size ................................................ 8 The possessed funds and their influence in development ............................................................. 11 The verification in the field of preparatory results ....................................................................... 11 The observation of the communes which can be included in the project in 1996 ........................ 12 RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION .............................................................................................. 12 The proportions agricultural land- forests- pastures ..................................................................... 12 The needs for fire-wood ................................................................................................................ 13 Livestock, forests, pastures ........................................................................................................... 13 Valuation of perfectures, districts and communes according to defined criteria .......................... 13 The selection of the communes propose to support by project ..................................................... 14 Conclusions and recommendations ....................................................................................................... 16

REPORT On national research for community forests and pastures and selection of three communes for the first year

Setting the scene

The law for forests and pastures of the year 1923, recognizes and defines three forms of ownership for forests and pastures : state, community and private 2. Until the end of World War II, in Albania existed the three above mentioned forms of ownership. After the War the state exercised full control on natural resources including here the forests and pastures. The state control on these resources decreased the interest of the rural people for protecting and developing the forests. The agriculture which was also under the state control was seen as divided from forestry and pasturage. This had as a consequence the constant degradation of forests and pastures near the rural areas. The Law of forests No.7623 dated 13.10.1992 article 4 divides the forestry fund in : state forestry state forestry given into use to the communes and private forestry, regarding giving into use of some special forestry areas to interested communes. In its application, in 1992 DGFP has performed a study, where are identified 202622 ha forests which can be transferred to communes. The main criteria used for the identification of community forestry was the vicinity with rural areas and the scale of the use of forests and their degradation. The study has not taken into consideration the divisions according to the law of the year 1923.

In the first part article 10 is written : The forests and pasturages of Albania according to the ownership and profit from them are divided in three categories : 1. Private; 2. Commune; 3. State Article 17. The aim of the law that divides the community forests and pasturages mentioned above is : 1. To fulfill the indispensable needs of the villagers and citizens that means to rehabilitate or build necessary dwelling buildings like houses, cottages, bins, sheep-fold etc. 2. To build carts and other farm instruments 3. To prepare fire-wood and charcoal Regarding the above mentioned needs and the proportion of the inhabitants of the villages and cities will be determined and delimited a sufficient part and the other part will be in state possession Article 18. To fulfill the needs according to the above mentioned article will be divided equally for each family 20 one tenth of a hectare. The amount designated for villages and cities will be un separated and the profit will be general. Article 19. To divide a part of the forest and to those villagers that live near it and has not been given before; if there are not forests near the village, will be given a part of those state ones which are near not more than 2 hours far from the village, the division will be according to article 18 and after separating and delimiting the given part will be registered in the name of the village. Article 20. The forests recently given or years ago in order to fulfill the needs of the villagers, are divided and designated according to village condition, for the new inhabitants can not be given another part............... Notice ; The text of the law of 1923 is adapted to present official language.

The pilot project for communal forest and pasture

Based on the study of DGFP and the proposals made by Albanian Development Fund, in 1995 began, in the framework of a pilot project, the activities in three communes of Elbasan district. The experience gained during this phase from the cooperation with the local people and the Directory of Forestry Service Elbasan, made evident : * the recognition from the local population of the old borders of community forests, in village and commune level * requests from the communes to have in use greater surfaces than those foreseen in the law of forests and in the study of DGFP. * the necessity of accomplishing an observation in all the communes of the country, to realize the following objectives : (i) to identify the interest and the needs of the communes for the use of forestry and pasturage resources, (ii) to evaluate the actual level of their use, (iii) to identify the forestry and pasturage surfaces that the communes have traditionally used and those they ask to have in their use, (iv) to recognize the predisposition of the users to be organized in communes for more rational use of these resources, (v) to value the social-economic level of the communes, (vi) to select three communes which will be included in the project during the year 1996, and (vii) to give recommendations for the further progress.

THE MATERIAL AND METHOD

During the preparation of the selection of three communes which will be included in the project were determined the criteria for the realization of a national observation for the state of forests and pastures which will be given into use to the communes. I. Social-economic criteria. a. The agricultural land surface per family. b. The number of livestock and its structures. c. The incomes per capita and family provided by the resources under possession. d. Lack in the supply of fire-wood. e. Lack in nutritive base. Possessing resources ( forests, pastures, funds). a. The actual level of utilization of forests and pastures, which are near the villages, for the compensation of the incomes. b. Their degradation scale and the possibility of rehabilitation. c. The influence of the actual way of utilization in their degradation. d. Development potential. e. Possessing funds and their influence in development Demonstration of the interest for development a. Local State Power : - prefecture, - district, - commune, - village.

II.

III.

b. Forestry service in the levels : - prefecture, - district, - sector. Based on these criteria from FME and Forestry Project was drafted The questionnaire for the selection of the communes which will be included in the project of community forests and pastures. The Ministry of Agriculture and Food and the Directorate General of Forests and Pastures, asked for respectively 37 DBU and DSHP of the districts consultancy for the communes to fill the questionnaires. The project management unit was given answers from the questionnaires by 96 communes distributed in 12 municipality and 31 districts of Albania. (Table 1)

The number of interested communes according to districts

District

No. of the Commune s in Total

No. of the Communes included in the Sample

District

No. of the Commune s in Total

No. of the Commune s included in the Sample 3 6 3 0 2 0 1 1 3 3 6 3 1 5 1 2

1 Kucove Diber Mat Bulqize Elbasan Librazhd Gramsh Peqin Fier Lushnje Mallakast Durres Kruje Korce Pogradec Devoll

2 2 14 12 6 15 9 9 5 14 15 7 8 5 15 7 5

3 1 5 7 4 7 2 3 3 4 4 2 4 1 8 3 1

1 Kukes Tropoje Krume Lezhe Shkoder Puke M.Madhe Tirane Kavaje Gjirokaster Tepelene Permet Vlore Sarande Kolonje

2 12 7 4 9 15 8 5 17 10 11 8 6 11 6 6

The determination of the quantitative indicators by the criteria

The data collected from the communes were systematically processed in the Excel program. The data processing of the questionnaires was performed in conformity with the criteria which were preliminary approved by the World Bank. Initially the calculations were performed for each indicator. The gap between the potential resources of the development of the commune and the how much interest it expressed, was calculated the output of the correlation. The output of the correlation is shown in the following formula:

K = I +Tb +Rp + Rk +Npk + Nkk + Dzf + Bu +Af where: K - expresses the output of the correlation between indicators expressed in the basis points which assists in the selection of the communes on the basis of the potential resources of the development. I - express that how much the communes are interested in the development Tb - the indicator of the field surface for family Rp - the average forestry resources for family Rk - the average pasturing resources for family Nkp - the pasturing intensity of the forest Nkk - the utilization intensity of the pastures Dzf - the shortage of the firewood furnishment Bu - the completion ratio of the needs for nutritive resources from the arable land Af - the average annual incomes for family The classification and estimation criteria on a basis points of each indicator included in the formula are shown as following: (I). the presentation of the indicator which shows how much the communes are interested in the development This indicator is provided by the questionnaires on a basis points using the alternative questions which are expressed on a commune level (the SFD agreed in this point): I1. The forest' s state: Good : Degraded: Too much degraded: 1 2 3 Points 4 6 8

I2. The identification procedure of the forest t and pastures which can be transferred to the communes, Points Yes, 5 No; 0 I3. How the pasturing is performed in the forest and pastures near the villages: Points Organized 5 Individually; each family pastures its flock: 0

I4. There are possibilities in the commune for the establishment of the users' organizations, of users' associations, with their representative committees? Points Yes 5 No, 0 I5. Can the communes provide the maps of their resources: Points Yes 5 No, 0 I6. Can the villagers take decisions to : Discipline the goats' pasturing: Points Yes 5 No. 0 Decrease the number of goats if it is over the forest' capacity : Points Yes, 5 No. 0 I7. There is any possibility that the firewood cutting to be for cultural intention: Points Yes, 5 No . 0 I8. Can the forest pruning be performed without destroying its evolution Points Yes, 5 No; 0 I9.Can contribute the communes, themselves in the forest and pastures evolution? Points 10 0 5

Yes No Don't know

I10.Did the communes performed any preparatory work: Yes No Points 20 0

The sum of the I1 - I10 indicators express how much the communes are interested in this point. Tb - the indicator of the field surface for family The classification in 5 rural farms categories is based on the quantity of the average field surface for family. This value of this indicator shows a sensitive impact in the overall

organization of the rural farm, in the agriculture structure, livestock structure, and in the relationships of the farmer with the forest and pasture resources which are located near of the village.

The estimation for the indicator of the livestock by the farms size
(The data are provided by the socio-economic sample survey of the Agriculture and Food Statistics in 1994)

No

Nomination 1 No. of animals for farm Cows 1.9 Sheep 1.51 Goats 0.2

The classification of the field area by the categories 2 3 4

1.38 2.59 1.34

1.68 3.54 6.94

1.29 4.84 10.38

1.04 5 19.6

The analysis of the above data show that the decrease of the field surface for family has an sensitive impact in the increase of the smaller livestock. The villagers cultivate the smaller livestock because they can use the natural forest and pastures resources. This indicator presents the necessity of the forest and pastures utilization, the emergency needs for the investments in these resources in order to curb further degradation. The estimation of the indicator on the basis points by the categories Category Tb 5 Tb 4 Tb 3 Tb 2 Tb 1 The Average Surface for Family in ha up to 0.6 ha/family >0.6-0.8 >0.8-1.0 >1-1.2 >1.2 The estimation in points 20 15 10 5 0

Rp - the average forest resources for family Taking into account the total forest surface which is proposed to be used from the communes, there are calculated the average forest surface for family on the basis of the potential resources. The data of the questionnaires show a large gap between the average forest surface by the municipalities, districts and communes. In order to get a good orientation of this indicator was analyzed its spread by the administrative units (for more details on commune units see Annex 2) Average Indicators by the Municipalities

Municipality

Berat Diber Elbasan Fier Durres Gjirokaster

The Average forest Surface for family in ha 0.3 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.9 1.9

Municipality

Korce Kukes Lezhe Shkoder Tirane Vlore

The Average forest Surface for family in ha 2.3 1.9 0.3 6.5 0.2 0.7

The size of the average forest surface for family has its impact on its utilization. The increase of this indicator shows a good potential possibility for development. This indicator was classified in 5 categories by the size and its estimation is as following: The estimation of the indicator by the categories on a basis points Category Rp 1 Rp 2 Rp 3 Rp 4 Rp 5 The Average Surface in ha for family UP TO 1 >1 - 2 >2-3 >3-4 >4 The estimation in Points 5 10 15 20 25

Rk - pasturing resources Initially is calculated the average pasturing surface for family (see Annex 2) dividing the pasturing capacity with the number of families. After that, on the basis of the spread of this indicator in commune, district, municipality level is made the classification. The point basis estimation is similar with the average forest surface for family one. There are classified 3 categories instead of 5 in the forest resources, because of the small spreads. The estimation of the indicator in points by the categories Category Rk 1 Rk 2 Rk 3 The Average Surface in ha for family up to 1 >1 - 2 >2 The estimation in Points 5 10 20

Nkp - the intensity of the forest's pasturing The intensity of the forest pasturing is calculated on the basis of the number of goats and the proposed forest surface to be taken for use. This indicator shows the number of goats which pasture on 1 ha forest. After that, having into account the potential resources of the forest and its average capacity expressing the impact on the further or not of the forest degradation, the indicator is classified in 4 categories.

The estimation of the indicator in points by the categories Category Nkp 1 Nkp 2 Nkp 3 Nkp 4 The Average Loading of goats/ha/forest 0-2 >2 - 3 >3 - 4 >4 The estimation in Points 20 10 0 -10

Nkk - the intensity of the pastures utilization The classification of this indicator is similar with the ones used to the pasturing intensity of the forest having into account the spread of the potential resources between forest and pasture. The indicator is classified in 4 categories as following: The estimation of the indicator in points by the categories Category Nkk 1 Nkk 2 Nkk 3 Nkk 4 The Average Loading of goats/ha/forest 0 -3 >3 - 6 >6 - 10 >10 Dzf - the shortage of the fire wood For each commune is calculated the average need for firewood for each family and the quantity of the fire wood which can be provided from the commune. The classification of the shortage is a relative because it has a double impact. It influence the over exploitation of the forest in order to fulfill the needs, and it express the increase of the interest of the villager in the forest maintenance as well. For that reason the spread in points by 3 categories is small. The estimation of the indicator in points by the categories Category Dzf 1 Dzf 2 Dzf 3 Average shortage of firewood's in m3 for family up to 3 > 3-5 >5 Estimation in points 2 0 -2 The estimation in Points 20 10 0 -10

Bu - The ratio of the completion with nutritive products from the arable land The completion of the nutritive needs (NN) for the livestock is a very significant indicator which influence the intensity of the forest and pasture utilization. The distinction of the communes regarding this indicator is performed using the needs and the shortage calculated by the communes. On the basis of this indicator is calculated the ratio of the needs

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completion in percentage. The classification in 5 categories is as following:The estimation of the indicator in points by the categories

Category Bu Bu Bu Bu Bu 1 2 3 4 5

The ratio of the needs completion in % up to 50 >50 -60 >60 -70 >70- 80 >80 Af - Average Annual Income for family

Estimation in Points -10 -5 0 5 10

The separation in categories and the classification in points of this indicator intends to determine and promote the communes with smaller incomes. The estimation on a points basis is based on the incomes for family. The estimation of the indicator in points by the categories Category Af 1 Af 2 Af 3 Af 4 Af 5 Af 6 The average annual income for family in Leks up to 30000 >30000 - 40000 >40000 - 50000 >50000 - 60000 >60000 - 70000 >70000 Estimation in Points 40 30 20 10 0 -10

The possessed funds and their influence in development

It is done the ordering of the communes, districts and perfectures according to the quantity of the resultant index K, the value of which serves as a factor that determines the communes, districts and perfectures with greater developing potential in country scale.The communes that result with the greatest value of points of the above mentioned index, will potentially be the areas where the investment will be more efficient and is possible to be financed from the project.

The verification in the field of preparatory results

From the preparatory data processing resulted that in country scale the communes where the investments are more effective in forests and pastures are : in Dibra district the communes Lure and Melan; in Mati district the communes Ulez, Xiber and Rukaj; in Bulqiza district the communes Ostren, Shupenze and Zerqan; in Elbasan district the commune of Grekan; in Gramsh district the commune of Kukur; in Gjirokastra district the commune of Odrie; in Korca district the commune of Lekas; in Kukesi district the commune of Ujmisht; in Puka

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district the commune of Fushe-Arres; in Pogradec district the commune of Bucimas; in Kolonja district the commune of Qender; in Tropoja district the commune of Lekbibaj; in Vlora district the commune of Kote.

The observation of the communes which can be included in the project in 1996
The criterion to be included in the project are realized by 19 above mentioned communes.In district level according to the defined criteria more points have gathered the districts of Elbasan and Mat. In commune level, in these two districts the most probable communes according to the evaluation of the questionnaires are Grekan, Gracen, Ulez, Rukaj. According to the points gathered from the questionaries interest present also the communes Bucimas in Pogradec district and Kukur in Gramsh district. To do the proposals for the three communes of the first year was compiled a service project in the eighth above mentioned communes, where was cooperated with the communes and forestry service for the verification of the data of the questionnaires. There were organized meetings and discussions with the chiefs of the communes and representatives of Forestry Service Directories in Mat, Pogradec, Elbasan and Gramsh.

RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION

From the analysis and processing of questionnaires data that were gathered from 96 communes (annex 2), were done the calculations for the surfaces of agricultural lands, forests and pastures and social-economic indexes like the number of families, average annual incomes per family, livestock according to structure, the needs and the level of their fulfillment for fire-wood and nutritive base (NB) for each commune. In spite of the limited number of the communes that are examined (30%), must be streesed that this observation serves as an approximation in wide borders, in which were included also the local population, integrating the social-economic problems with which are faced the rural areas for their development, with the problems and traditions of forests and pastures development. The results show that the including of the users who have vital interests linked with this sector, in the compilation of the program for the future community forestry as a part of the policy and actions in the future of the forestry sector, creates wide horizons for their constant management. An index that reflects this is the surface of the forests proposed to be given into use to an average commune for Albania. The study of DGFP foresees that an average commune will be given into use 641 ha forests. The surface to be taken into use proposed by the communes questioned (or those they are actually using), is 2111 ha forests per an average commune, or 3,3 times more than the above mentioned study.

The proportions agricultural land forests pastures

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These proportions have great differences in commune, district and perfecture level (see anex 2), but it is worth mentioning that in rural areas a family asks to use except the agricultural land that has under possession about 1,1 ha; also 1,3 ha forests and 0,9 ha pastures.

The needs for firewood

From the analysis of the questionnaires data results that to fulfill the needs of a family are produced 4.1 m3 fire-wood from 1.3 ha forest. (for each ha forest are taken about 3.2 m3 firewood). In the cases when these are the most degraded forests of the country with a limited annual growth up to 1.5 m3/ha, that speaks for an overutilization and deepening of the degradation of these forests, it must be stressed that in fulfilling the needs for fire-wood serve also different remains (from the trimming of fruit-trees, vineyards,olive-groves and nutritive remains of livestock). The average annual deficit in fire-wood per family is 2.9 m3. (For the data by communes see the annex no.2).

Livestock, forests, pastures

The total livestock for an average commune is 10065 heads from which goats 3449 and sheep 5161. One ha forests can be grazed from about 1.7 goats, one ha pasture can be grazed from 3.8 sheep. (see anex 2). The average data are encouraging, but in country scale there is no uniformity in their distribution, so in the commune of Kuta in Mallakastra district graze 31 goats/ha, in commune of Ujmisht in Kukes 39 goats/ha. The same disproportion exists in the number of sheep grazing in 1 ha pasture. In the commune of Gurra of Mat district the average per 1 ha pasture is 69 sheep.

Valuation of perfectures, districts and communes according to defined criteria

Regarding the methodology was done the point calculation in the demonstration of interest for forests and pastures, and also the codification in numeric parameters which expresses the social-economic state of communes and the level of utilization, the influence of utilization in the continuity of degradation phenomena and the possibility for the development of forests and pastures. In anex no.3 are given the results of implementation of formula in each commune : K = I + Tb + Rp + Rk + Npk + Nkk + Dzf + Bu +Af Where : K - expresses the output of the correlation between indicators expressed in the basis points which assists in the selection of the communes on the basis of the potential resources of the development. I - express that how much the communes are interested in the development Tb - the indicator of the field surface for family Rp - the average forestry resources for family Rk - the average pasturing resources for family Nkp - the pasturing intensity of the forest

13

Nkk - the utilization intensity of the pastures Dzf - the shortage of the firewood Bu - the completion ratio of the needs for nutritive resources from the arable land Af - the average annual incomes for family

Through the formula are calculated the indicators themselves and the correlation output of all indicators for each commune, district and municipality. The data presented in the table are shown in the chart as following:

THE ESTIMATION OF THE MUNICIPALITIES

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 POINTS 1000 POINTS 800 600 400 200 0 ELBASAN SHKODER DIBER DURRES TIRANE BERAT GJIROKASTER KORCE KUKES VLORE FIER LEZHE

MUNICIPALITY

The selection of the communes propose to support by project

In district level according to defined criteria more points have gathered the districts Elbasan and Mat. In commune level, in these two districts the most probable communes according to the valuation of the questionnaires are Grekan, Gracen, Ulez and Rukaj. According to the

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points gathered from the questionary, interest can be paid to commune of Bucimas Pogradec district and commune of Kukur in Gramsh district. For the selection of the three communes of the first year were visited the six above mentioned communes, where was cooperated with the communes and forestry service to verify the questionnaires data. There were organized meetings and discussions with the chiefs of the communes and representatives of Forestry Service Directories in districts Mat, Pogradec, Elbasan and Gramsh. It was concluded that for the year 1996 will be included in the community forestry and pasturage management project : Grekan commune Elbasan district and Ulez and Rukaj communes Mat district with these main characteristics : Grekan commune : is extended in the area called Dumre. From goegraphic point of view Dumre is a hilly carstic plateau in Southeast of Elbasan, between the middle flow of Shkumbin river in North, down flow of Devoll river in East and South, and the field of Myzeqeja in Southwestern and Western part. The hills have different extension and soft relief in cupola form, eroded by the action of flowing waters. The height of the hills is 100-200 m over the sea level. The most characteristic feature is the wide distribution of gypsum, dolomites, limestones and in depth rock salts, which are easily dissolved from the surface waters or underground waters. This makes this plateau original, in it is developed a special type of carstic with many carstic funnels and holes. The area where are extended the forests of Grekan commune is in the low coastal area of the albanian climate which is included in the field mediterranean area, under the centre field mediterranean area. The average annual temperature is 15.40C. The average quantity of precipitation is 1080 mm and it varies in the borders 900 to 1150 mm. In general dominate the lands with average depth and deep ones which take the greatest surface. In this commune is proposed to be taken in use 1140 ha forests which are totally cut and are degraded from lack of maintenance. The inhabitants of the commune have expressed their interest for the rehabilitation of forests. In special parts where the forestry service has done clear cuttings, the growth of oak is incouraging. There is a low number of goats per surface unit (1.3 goats/ha). The cost of works per surface unit is foreseen to be low. The interference for the rehabilitation of these forests is urgent and justified from the ecologic and social-economic point of view. Ulez commune is extended in western part of Mat district, in the basin slopes of Ulza and Shkopet lakes. It is extended in the phyto climatic area of oak, in the continental pre mountainous climatic area, with an average annual temperature 130C and average annual precipitation 1200-1400 mm, with dry summer and mild winter. The dry period July-august with 31 mm precipitation. The height over the sea level 125-1200m. Predominate the oak forests which have a protecting role for the lakes. There are also present the Mediterranean shrubs, especially in the rocky slopes of Shkopet lake. In the years 1985-1993 is done the utilization of their greatest part, which actually are new and have urgent need for silviculture treatment. Because of lack of funds up to now they have not been treated. From the questionary data and discussions with FSD Mat, to the commune can be given in use 3200 ha forests and 80 ha pastures. The inhabitants are interested to be organized for the rational utilization of these resources. Traditionally the forests and pastures are used commonly by the villages. The utilization of the forest for goats grazing is low (0.4goats/ha forest). By confronting the urgency of interference with the concern of the inhabitants and socialeconomic conditions, Ulez commune fulfills the criteria to be included in the forestry project for 1996.

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Rukaj commune is extended in the Northwestern part of Mat district, in the same land climatic conditions with the Ulez commune, it is situated in the slopes that are in the north part of Ulza Lake in the height 125-800 m over the sea level. Except the oak forests, for the inhabitants are with interest the natural chestnut forests which are degraded and need silviculture treatment. The surface of 1465 ha forests and 63 ha pastures asked to be taken in use, is degraded, the land state is good and the inhabitants are concerned to improve it. With the concern of the inhabitants for rational use and with some improving investments in the existing forests, the project can change the conditions of the commune forests.The commune fulfills the socialeconomic and ecologic criteria to be included in the project.

Conclusions and recommendations

The results of the study show that the communes are concerned to take the forests and pastures into use. The forestry services of the districts are also interested to cooperate with the communes in management of forests and pastures and they see this as a means to prevent the degradation phenomena in these resources.It is necessary for the Forestry Service Directories of the districts and communes to be sent the regulation no. 308 dated 26.01.1996 of the Minister of Agriculture and Food, which determines the criteria and procedures of giving into use and administrating the community forests and pastures. The including of the users that have vital interests linked with this sector, in the draft of the program for the future community forestry as a part of the frame of the future policy and actions in the forestry sector, creates greater possibilities for their stable management. The communes want to have into use greater forestry surface than that foreseen in the forests law and in the studies performed for this purpose. From 641 ha forests foreseen in the study of the year 1992, for an average commune in country scale, it is asked for about 2000 ha for each average commune, what is also linked with the old borders of community forests. For the just boundary of surfaces and beginning to give the forests into use to the communes it is necessary a detailed study to determine the future borders of community forests. This creates real possibilities for the implementation of the regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Food For giving into use and administration of community forests and pastures. For the year 1996 are proposed to be included in the project for community forests and pastures the commune Grekan of Elbasan district and Ulez and Rukaj of Mat district.

Tirana, 30.08.1996

Haki Kola Zef Dema

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