MOHD FADZLI BIN ABDUL SAMAD (2008282038) Results Spring Constant Additional Mass (kg) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Total mass (kg)

1.25 3.25 5.25 7.25 9.25 11.25 Load, F (N) 12.263 31.883 51.503 71.123 90.743 110.363 Deflection (mm) 20 31 42 52 64 74 Extension, x (mm) 0 11 22 32 44 54

Sample calculation For additional mass, M = 4 kg

Load, F = mg = 5.25 (9.81) = 51.503 N

Extension, X (mm) = Deflection 20 = 42 20 = 22 m

MOHD FADZLI BIN ABDUL SAMAD (2008282038)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Series1

Spring constant, K (N/mm) K = slope of the graph = (m2 m1) (g)/ (x2 x) = (90.743 51.503) / (44 22) = 1.784 N / mm

Percentage Error % = (maximum minimum ) / (maximum) = (1.784 1.71) / 1.784 = 0.0414 * 100% = 4.14%

MOHD FADZLI BIN ABDUL SAMAD (2008282038) Undamped Oscillation

Additional Mass (kg)

Total mass (kg)

Load, F (N)

0 2 4 6 8 10

1.25 3.25 5.25 7.25 9.25 11.25

Length of 10 cycle of spring oscillation L (mm) 12.263 38 31.883 58 51.503 72 71.123 84 90.743 94 110.363 104

Periodic Natural Time Frequency for F exp (Hz) 1cycle T (s) 0.19 5.263 0.29 3.448 0.36 2.778 0.42 2.381 0.47 2.128 0.52 1.923

Natural Percentage Frequency Error % F theory (Hz) 5.887 3.651 2.872 2.444 2.164 1.962 10.6 5.56 3.27 2.58 1.66 1.99

Sample calculation Experiment For additional mass, m = 4 kg Recorder speed = 20 mm/s Periodic time for 1 cycle, T (s) = (length of 10 cycle / 10) / (Recorder speed) = (72/10) / 20 = 0.36 s for 1 cycle

Natural frequency, F (Hz) = 1 / (T) = 1 / 0.36 = 2.778 Hz

MOHD FADZLI BIN ABDUL SAMAD (2008282038)

Theoretical For additional mass, m = 4kg Spring constant, K (N/m) = 1710 N/mm Natural frequency, F (Hz) = (K/m) 1/2 / 2 = (1710/5.25)1/2 / 2 = 2.872 Hz

Percentage error, % = (maximum minimum) / maximum = (2.872 -2.778) / 2.872 = 0.0327 * 100% = 32.7%

MOHD FADZLI BIN ABDUL SAMAD (2008282038)

Discussion Spring constant 1. From the graph Load versus extension, we found that the form of the graph is linear (straight). The slope of the graph is the value of spring constant, K (N/mm). The value that we have is 1.784 N/mm, greater than the theoretical value is 1.76 (N/mm). The extension of spring, x is linearly dependent with the load attached. The percentage error is 4.14%.this show, there is an error occur during experiment. For example, there is still small vibration of spring with a load when push button is on. Human error is occurring while taking a reading in paper graph. To get a small percentage error and accurate value tally with theoretical we should realize about a small an error occurred in this experiment.

Undamped Oscillation 2. From the data, we found that the value frequency of experiment is less than theory. The frequency is related with the load, when the load is attached to the spring the value of frequency is decreasing. 3. The percentage error that we have calculated is less than 10 %. This is because, there is small an error occur during the experiment conducted. For example, a) When release the carriage and switch on push button is not synchronizing. b) The position of paper graph is not tight when rotating. c) Human error, while taking a reading in paper graph. 4. To reduce that, we should improve those small error occur and try to use the new spring to more accurate.

Conclusion In conclusion, we got the value of spring constant and natural frequency with the small percentage error and the relationship of spring constant and the load. So, the objective of this experiment is achieved.