Marine and Offshore Power System

TET4200 MARINE AND OFFSHORE POWER SYSTEM PROJECT WORK SPRING 2012 Mamta Maharjan, Linda Rekosuo
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iii SUMMARY In this project an electrical power system for a though offshore platform is studied. Short circuit analysis are done for single-phase, two-phase and three-phase to ground faults. Especially fault currents are under examination. Also power flow and transient analysis are done and critical clearing times for induction machines are solved. Motor starting analysis are done in two different ways. First start-up is analyzed when motor is connected to system. Later start-up is examined when motor is connected to long subsea cable and star-up is controlled by converter.
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Table of content
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. 2. System description ....................................................................................................... 1
SIMPOW Simulations ........................................................................................................ 2 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. Power flow ................................................................................................................... 2 Characteristics for induction machines........................................................................ 3 Short-circuit analysis ................................................................................................... 4 Single phase to ground fault ................................................................................. 4 Two-phase fault .................................................................................................... 5 Three phase fault .................................................................................................. 5
1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.4. 1.5.
Motor starting analysis ................................................................................................ 9 Transient analysis ...................................................................................................... 10 Contingency analysis .......................................................................................... 10 Critical clearing time .......................................................................................... 11
1.1.4. 1.1.5. 3. 4.
ATPDraw simulations ....................................................................................................... 12 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 14
1. Introduction
In this project an electrical power system for a though offshore platform is studied. Four analyses are done: power flow, short-circuits, motor starting and contingencies. Also start-up of induction motor from frequency converter via long subsea cable is examined more detail. First four analyses are done by using SIMPOW. Start-up with converter is analyzed with ATPDraw.
1.1. System description

Single-line-diagram for system is shown in Figure 1. It consists of three turbine/generator sets, eight motors, three passive loads and three transformers. The number of generators running in each simulation is varied. Voltage levels are 13.8 kV, 6.0 kV and 0.44 kV. Generators are two pole synchronous machines with brushless excitation system (type IEEEX2). Turbines are twin-shaft aero-derivative gas turbine engines. The speed is controlled with regulator. Motors are induction machines with squirrel-cage designed rotor. All transformers have two windings and isolated neutral. Passive loads act as constant impedances and they consist of active and reactive part. Cables are three-phase types and they are modeled with resistance, inductance and susceptance. Detailed data for each component can be seen in Appendix 1.
2. SIMPOW Simulations
1.1. Power flow
Power flow analyses are done in two different situations. In Figure 1 can be seen power flow results when two of the three generators are working. Generator G3 is not connected to system.
G1 P = 15.3636 MW Q = 9.08899 Mvar G2 P = 15.36 MW Q = 9.1 Mvar G3 P = 0 MW Q = -0 Mvar
BUSG3 BUSG1 U = 1 p.u. FI = 0 deg rees BUSG2 U = 1 p.u. FI = -3.02274E-022 deg rees P = -15.3636 MW Q = -9.08899 Mvar 0 P = -15.36 MW Q = -9.1 Mvar 0 P = 0 MW P = 15.36 MW Q = 9.1 Mvar Q = -0 Mvar P = 0 MW Q = -0 Mvar 0 U = 1 p.u. FI = -3.02274E-022 deg rees
P = 15.3636 MW Q = 9.08899 Mvar
BUS1 U = 1 p.u. FI = -3.02274E-022 deg rees P = -1.04447 P = -4 MW Q = -1.9373 Mvar MW Q = -0.562251 Mvar P = -4.16032 MW Q = -2.49386 Mvar P = -4.86918 MW 0 M1 P = -6.237 MW Q = -3.74218 Mvar P = 4 MW Q = 1.9373 Mvar 0 BUS6 U = 0.999331 p.u. FI = -0.0107136 deg rees P = 1.037 MW Q = 0.49524 M2 P = -4.16264 MW Q = -2.4933 Mvar P = -6.25 MW Q = -3.74998 Mvar Mvar P = 4.83346 MW Q = 2.70104 Mvar 0 Q = -3.21012 Mvar 0 P = 4.158 MW Q = 2.49443 Mvar
BUS7 0 U = 1 p.u. FI = -3.02274E-022 deg rees P = 4.158 MW Q = 2.49442 Mvar BUS3 U = 0.968803 p.u. FI = -2.76627 deg rees BUS4 U = 0.94939 p.u. FI = -4.19837 deg rees M8 P = -4.158 MW Q = -2.49443 Mvar
P = -0.95078 MW 0 BUS2 U = 0.998661 p.u. FI = -0.0214586 deg rees P = -4 MW Q = -1.9373 Mvar Q = -0.579376 Mvar
0 M4 P = -1.037 MW Q = -0.49524 Mvar M5 P = -1.04 MW Q = -0.624314 Mvar
P = 0.945192 MW Q = 0.528144 Mvar M3 P = -4.158 MW Q = -2.49442 Mvar 0 P = -1.80268 MW Q = -0.87304 Mvar M6 P = -1.04 MW Q = -0.624314 Mvar
BUS5 U = 0.923247 p.u. FI = -6.36011 deg rees
0 P = -0.426192 MW Q = -0.206448 Mvar
M7 P = -0.519 MW Q = -0.321697 Mvar
Figure 1 Single-line-diagram and power flow results for system with two generator sets working.
3 Table 1 shows power flow when all the three generators are running. Single-line diagram for this situation is in Appendix 2. In both cases voltage levels on several buses are lower than they should be. Generators can be a little overloaded and they cannot keep voltage levels high enough.
Table 1 Power system results when all three generators are working
1.2. Characteristics for induction machines

Torque-speed and current-speed characteristics for induction motors are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that torque is maximum when speed reaches its nominal value.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore power systems". Spring 2012. ASYNC M1 ME TORQUE MNm/ W0 10.0
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore power systems". Spring 2012. ASYNC M1 I POS. kA
1.00
8.0
0.80
6.0
30
0.60
4.0
0.40
30
2.0
0.20
0.0 0 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 p.u. Simpow 11.0.008 Diagram:3 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900
0.00 0 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 p.u. Simpow 11.0.008 Diagram:4 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900
ASYNC M1 SPEED
ASYNC M1 SPEED
STRI Software
DATE 15 MAR 2012 TIME 13:49:18 JOB mini_project_2012_Part4
STRI Software
DATE 15 MAR 2012 TIME 13:49:18
JOB mini_project_2012_Part4
Figure 2 Torque-speed and torque-current charasteristics for induction motor
Current stays 1.2 kA first and starts to decrease when speed is reaching a nominal value.
1.3. Short-circuit analysis

Three different short-circuit analysis are done: during three-phase, two-phase and one-phase to ground faults. In every case fault impedance is assumed to be zero.
1.1.1. Single phase to ground fault

Single-phase to ground fault is examined. Two generator/turbine sets are running and system is under normal load. First fault occurs on Bus 1, between phase A and ground, at t=1.0 s. Phase fault currents (RMS) for phase A is shown in Figure 3. As can be seen a maximum fault current in phase A is 4.10 kA. Also generator currents in phase A during the fault are shown in Figure 3. Before the fault current is 750 A and just after fault it increases to 2.28 kA. Figure 4 shows current when fault occurs on Bus 3.Now fault current is 51.5 A. Generator current just after fault is 747 A. In this case currents are significantly smaller than when fault occurs on Bus 1.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offs hore pow e r plants ". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 w ith re gulator (one -phas e fault) FAULT FEL1 I PHASE A kA
SYNC G1 I PHASE A kA I PHASE A kA TET 4200 "Marine and Offs hore pow e r plants ". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 w ith re gulator (one -phas e fault)
4,00
SYNC G2
3,50
2,20
2,20
2,00
3,00
2,00
1,80
2,50
1,80
2,00
1,020, 4,10
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1,60 1,019, 2,28
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1,40
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0,00 0,900 0,920 0,940 0,960 0,980 1,000 TIME SECONDS 1,020 1,040 1,060
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1,100 0,940
0,960
0,980
1,000 TIME SECONDS
1,020
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STRI Software
DATE 26 APR 2012 TIME 21:24:05
JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-iii
Sim pow 11.0.009
STRI Software
Diagram 26 APR 2012 TIME 21:24:05 DATE :1
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
TET 4200 "Marine and Offs hore pow e r plants ". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS 3 w ith re gulator (one -phas e fault) FAULT FEL1 I PHASE A kA
Figure 3 Phase A fault current and generator G1 current. Fault occurs on Bus 1.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offs hore pow e r plants ". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 3 w ith re gulator (one -phas e fault) SYNC G1 I PHASE A kA I PHASE A kA
Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. Norm al load.
0,0500
SYNC G2
0,75400 0,76000
0,0400
0,75300 0,75900 0,75200
0,0300
0,75800
1,012, 0,0515
0,75100 0,75700 1,020, 0,74707
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0,75000 0,75600 0,74900
0,0100
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0,0000 0,900 0,920 0,940 0,960 0,980 1,000 TIME SECONDS 1,020 1,040
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0,920 1,100
0,940
0,960
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1,000 TIME SECONDS
1,020
1,040
1,060
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1,100
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DATE 26 APR 2012 TIME 21:27:38
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STRI Software
Diagram26 APR 2012 TIME 21:27:38 DATE :1
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
Figure 4 Phase A fault current and generator G1 current. Fault occurs on Bus 3.
1.1.2. Two-phase fault

Next two-phase, phases A and B, line-to-ground fault is simulated. During the fault system is working without load. Generator G3 is disconnected from the system. Fault current and generator G1 current in phase A are shown in Figure 5 . Fault current is 7.21 kA which is also the sum of generator currents of the system.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offs hore pow e r plants ". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS1 (tw o-phas e s ym m e tric fault) FAULT FEL1 I PHASE A kA
TET 4200 "Marine and Offs hore pow e r plants ". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS1 (tw o-phas e s ym m e tric fault) SYNC G1 I PHASE A kA
Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. No load.
Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. No load.
7,00
3,50
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3,00
5,00
2,50
4,00 1,0000, 7,21
2,00 1,0001, 3,61
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1,00
0,50
0,00 0,9900 0,9950 1,0000 1,0050 1,0100 1,0150 TIME SECONDS 1,0200
0,00
1,0250 0,9900 1,0300 0,9950 1,0350 1,0000 1,0400 1,0050
1,0100
1,0150 TIME SECONDS
1,0200
1,0250
1,0300
1,0350
1,0
STRI Software
DATE 15 APR 2012 TIME 12:04:10
JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-ii
Sim pow 11.0.009
STRI Software
DATEDiagram2012 TIME 12:04:10 15 APR :1
JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-ii
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagra
Figure 5 Fault current in phase A and generator current during the fault
1.1.3. Three phase fault

System working without load Three-phase fault occurs on Bus 1 at t=1.0. System is working with one generator/turbine set which is running without mechanical load. Initial maximum short-circuit current and instantaneous fault current can be calculated following way:
Details of calculations can be seen in Appendix 3. Figure 6 shows simulation result of this case. From the simulation fault current is approximately 4.8 kA which is quite close to calculated value. When two generator sets are running fault currents are twice as big as in previous case:
Using these values -value can be examined
This situation is also shown in Figure 6. From the figure fault current is about 9 kA and it is almost the same as calculated value.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I POS. kA
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 1 T/G set in operation. No load. Short-circuit on BUS1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I POS. kA
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. No load.
4,00
8,00
3,50
7,00
3,00
6,00
2,50
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0,00 0,800 0,850 0,900 0,950 1,000 1,050 TIME SECONDS 1,100 1,150
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1,100
1,150
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1,250
1,
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 11:12:00
JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-i
Sim pow 11.0.009
STRI Software
Diagram :1 5 APR 2012 TIME 12:17:46 DATE
JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-ii
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagra
Figure 6 Initial maximum currents when system is running with 1/3 (on left) and 2/3 generator sets
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 w ithout regulator (three-phase sym m etric fault) SYNC G1 I PHASE A kA 4,50
System under load
4,00
3,50
Now two generators are working and system is under normal load. Balanced three-phase fault occurs on Bus 1. Calculations of generator current during the fault give
3,00 1,000, 4,59 2,50
2,00
and for the maximum instantaneous current
1,50
1,00
0,990
1,000
1,010
1,020
1,030
1,040 TIME SECONDS
1,050
STRI Software Figure 7 Generator current during fault
DATE 6 APR 2012 TIME 12:32:23
JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii
Sim pow 11.0.009
Details of calculations can be seen in Appendix 3. Figure 7 shows simulation results of this current. DC-offset of generator current can be calculated as
1,060 1,070 1,080 1,090 Diagram :1
Fault currents are shown in Figure 8. As can be seen current is approximately 12.8 kA and a peak value of instantaneous current is about 35 kA.
7
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I POS. kA
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I PHASE A kA (MASTA)
12,0
0,0
10,0
-5,0
8,0
-10,0
-15,0
6,0
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-25,0
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0,0 0,900 0,920 0,940 0,960 0,980 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,140 0,900 1,160
0,920 1,180 0,940 1,200 0,960 0,980 1,000 TIME SECONDS 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 12:32:52
Sim pow 11.0.009
STRI Software
Diagram :1
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 13:36:27
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
Figure 8 Initial short-circuit current and instantenous fault current. Fault on Bus 1. Using these simulation results, -value can be calculated as
This is almost the same value than in case that generator was working without load. Also situations where fault occurs on Bus 4 and 5 are simulated. Figure 9 shows fault current when fault is on Bus 4. Maximum RMS value of fault current is 6 kA and peak value of instantaneous current is 14.5 kA.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I PHASE A kA 0,0 (MASTA)
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I POS. 6,00 kA
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load.
-2,0
5,00
-4,0
4,00
-6,0
3,00
-8,0
-10,0
2,00
-12,0
1,00
-14,0
0,00 0,900 0,920 0,940 0,960 0,980 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,140
0,900 1,160
0,920 1,180
1,200
0,940
0,960
0,980
1,000 TIME SECONDS
1,020
1,040
1,060
1,080
1,100
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 12:48:55
Sim pow 11.0.009
STRI Software
Diagram :1
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 13:28:53
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
Figure 9 Initial short-circuit current and instantenous fault current. Fault on Bus 4. When fault occurs on Bus 5 fault current is 25.5 kA and peak value of instantaneous current is about 64 kA as can be seen in Figure 11.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I POS. 25,0 kA
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) FAULT FEL1 I PHASE A kA 0,0
(MASTA)
-10,0
20,0
-20,0
15,0
-30,0
10,0
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0,0 0,900 0,920 0,940 0,960 0,980 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,140 1,160 0,900 1,180 0,920 1,200
0,940
0,960
0,980
1,000 TIME SECONDS
1,020
1,040
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TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 12:50:31
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STRI Software
Diagram :1 DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 13:20:39
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
Figure 10 Initial short-circuit current and instantenous fault current. Fault on Bus 5.
8 Contribution of induction machines and currents of outgoing feeders RMS values of induction machine currents during the fault are examined. Results are seen on Table 2. Curves of currents can be found on Appendixes 4, 5 and 6. It can be seen motor M7 has the highest current in every case. This is because motor M7 has the highest rated current. Fault bus Peak RMS current during the fault [kA] M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Bus 1 0.972 0.975 0.367 0.353 0.328 0.328 Bus 4 0.355 0.355 0.236 0.131 0.384 0.385 Bus 5 0.318 0.318 0.212 0.117 0.134 0.134 Table 2 Induction motor currents during the fault M7 1.788 2.108 2.275 M8 0.639 0.236 0.212
If fault occurs on Bus 1 all currents coming from generators are almost the same. The highest current of outgoing feeders from Bus 1 is between Bus 1 and transformer T1. If fault occurs on Bus 4 or 5 current coming from generator G2 is the highest. When fault occurs on Bus 4 motor, M5 and M6, currents are the highest of outgoing currents. Also when fault occurs on Bus 5 motor (M7) is the highest current leaving from Bus 5. If one generator is disconnected from the system and fault occurs on Bus 1 generetor currents are almost the same than in case that every generator were working. If fault occurs on Bus 4 or 5 currents from generators become higher. Overcurrent breakers can be used to prevent generators and othercomponents to be damaged by too high currents. Influence of Automatic Voltage Regulator during three phase fault Three-phase fault is examined with and without generator voltage regulators. Two generator/turbine sets are working. Fault occurs on Bus 1.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) SYNC G1 SPEED p.u.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 w ith regulator (three-phase sym m etric fault) SYNC G1 SPEED p.u.
1,100
1,00600
1,080
1,00400
1,060
1,00200
1,040
1,00000
1,020
0,99800
1,000 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 TIME SECONDS 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 TIME SECONDS 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 17:06:52
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 17:17:01
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
Figure 11 Generator speed without (on the left) and with regulator Figure 11 shows generator G1 speed with and without regulator during the fault. Graphs are similar for generator G2. Voltages are seen on Figure 12. With regulator generator speed does not get so high value and it becomes stable faster. Although speed also goes under nominal value before it reaches 1 p.u. Without regulator generator voltage drops about 8 kV and does not reach original value anymore. With regulator voltage drops first but reaches original value in 2 seconds.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012.

TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault)
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 w ith regulator (three-phase sym m etric fault) SYNC G1 U PHASE A kV
SYNC G1 U PHASE A kV
8,00
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0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 TIME SECONDS 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00
0,00 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 TIME SECONDS

Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :4
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 17:06:52
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 17:17:01
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :4
Figure 12 Generator voltages without (on the left) and with regulator
1.4. Motor starting analysis

Motor starting analysis for induction motor M1 without mechanical load is done. System is running with two generator/turbine sets. All of the other motors are working under normal load. Speed and current (RMS) curves of motor M1 during start-up are seen in Figure 13.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Motor starting analysis
kV
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Motor starting analysis ASYNC M1 U POS.
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Normal load.
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Normal load.
ASYNC M1 SPEED 1,00
p.u.
8,50
0,80
8,00
0,60
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0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
0,0
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6,0
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10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
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20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 11:10:22
JOB mini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii
Simpow 11.0.009
Diagram:1
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 11:10:22
Simpow 11.0.009
Diagram:3
Figure 13 Voltage (RMS) and speed curves for motor during start-up. Motor without load Motor speed reaches its nominal value in 9 seconds and its rising is almost linear. Voltage drops almost to 6 kV. Figure 15 shows generator G1 and motor M2 speed changes when motor is started.
10
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Normal load. Motor starting analysis SYNC G1 SPEED p.u.
1,0000 TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Normal load. Motor starting analysis ASYNC M2 SPEED p.u.
1,0050
0,9950
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0,9700 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
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STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 11:10:22
Simpow 11.0.009
Diagram:4
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 11:10:22
Simpow 11.0.009
Diagram:7
Figure 14 Generator speed and motor M2 speed when motor M1 is started Now motor is running with full load. Start-up voltage and speed curves are seen in Figure 15. Speed is not rising linearly and it takes almost 40 s to reach nominal value. Minimum voltage is 6.59 kV.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Motor starting analysis ASYNC M1 U POS. kV
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Motor starting analysis ASYNC M1 SPEED p.u.
8,50
0,800
8,00
0,600
1,2, 6,59 7,50
0,400
7,00
0,200
0,000
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 TIME SECONDS 35,0 40,0 45,0 50,0 55,0 60,0
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0 TIME SECONDS
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
55,0
60,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 11:40:35
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 11:40:35
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
Figure 15 Start-up voltage and speed curves when motor under full load
1.5. Transient analysis

1.1.4. Contingency analysis
System is working with two generator settings and under normal load. Motor M1 is disconnected for a short time. Figure 16 shows speed and voltage changes of motor M2 during disconnection. Curves of other motors can be seen in Appendix 7. Speed of every motor has become stable in 9 second after disconnection.
11
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M2 SPEED p.u.
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M2 U PHASE A kV
8,060
0,991700
0,991600
8,040
0,991500
8,020
0,991400
8,000
0,991300
7,980
0,991200
7,960
0,991100
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
0,80 14,0
0,90 16,0 1,00
1,10 18,0
1,20 20,0 1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07 Diagram :13
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
Figure 16 Voltage and speed curves of motor M2 during disconnection
1.1.5. Critical clearing time

Critical clearing time for system is examined. System is working with two generators. Threephase fault occurs on Bus 1. Clearing times for induction motors are seen on Table 1. Curves are shown in Appendix 8. As can be seen from table the critical clearing time is 8.5 s. Clearing times [s] M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.3 Table 3 Clearing times when two generators are running. Same analysis is done when all three generators are working. Results are seen in Table 4. Now critical clearing time is 10.1 s. Clearing times [s] M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 10.1 10.1 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 10 Table 4 Clearing times when three generators are running.
12
3. ATPDraw simulations
Starting of induction motor with frequency converter via long subsea cable is examined. Virhe. Viitteen lhdett ei lytynyt. shows a picture of the system. First starting currents of motor are calculated. Cable capacitances and motor and transformer magnetizations are neglected. Boost is assumed to be 65 %. Cable has rated 12 kV and 288 A. Starting currents and frequencies needed to cause the correct starting torque are seen on Table 5Table 5. It can be seen starting current rises with increasing cable length and break-away torque. In case of 30 km, 40 km and 50 km length cable start-up currents are quite high. Also start-up frequencies in some cases reach too high values. Calculations are seen in Appendix 9. Same situation is examined with simulations using ATPDraw. Figure 18 shows current and speed when cable length is 10 km and break-away torque is 0.1 p.u. Starting current with converter is almost one third smaller than Figure 17 Induction motor connected current without converter. Appendix 10 shows other simulations. Simulations and calculations are not equal. This to long cable and converter is because neglected parameters of calculations.
Break away torque [pu] 0.1
Start-up current /Start-up frequency Cable length 10 km 20 km 30 km 191 A
40 km
50 km
7.0 221 9.4 255 A 12.5 290 A 16.2 327A 20.6 Hz A Hz Hz Hz Hz 0.2 381 A 14.9 442 18.9 509 A 25.0 580 A 32.4 654A 41.1 Hz A Hz Hz Hz Hz 0.3 572 A 21.0 664 28.3 764 A 37.5 870 A 48.6 980A 61.7 Hz A Hz Hz Hz Hz 0.4 762 A 28.0 885 37.7 1019A 50.0 1161A 64.8 1307A 82.3 Hz A Hz Hz Hz Hz Table 5 Starting currents and frequencies of induction motor with converter controlled startup. Boost is 65 %. Also simulations show that increasing cable length increases starting current. For cable lengths 10 km and 20 km motor can be started with previous cable. When length is higher than this starting is not possible anymore. To able motor starting cable resistance have to be increased. For 30 km and 40 km a cable with rated 12 kV and 464 A is used. But this cable cannot start 50 km length cable. Cable data is seen in Appendix 11.
13
900
750
600
450
300
150
0 0
(file startup1(1).pl4; x ar t) m -v :I1 m :I2
10
u1:O EG M M u2:O EG M M m :I1
15
20
[s]
25
Figure 18 Motor current and speed during start-up when breakaway torque is 0.1 pu and cable legth 10 km. Green and pink curves are for system with converter. Other are without converter Figure 19 shows starting current and speed with cable length 30 km and break-away torque 0.1 p.u. Initial frequencies are varied. It can be seen the starting current with initial frequency 20 Hz is almost 500 A higher than current with 10 Hz initial frequency. Starting current can be minimized by decreasing initial frequency.
800 700 1000 600 800 500 400 300 400 200 200 100 0 0 5 10
u1:OM EGM
1200
600
0 15 20 [s] 25 0 5
u1:OM EGM
10
15
20
[s]
25
(file startup1(1).pl4; x-var t) m:I2
Figure 19 Starting current and speed when cable lenght is 30 km, break-away torque is 0.1 p.u. and boost is 65 %. Initial frequencies are 10 Hz (on the left) and 20 Hz (on the right)
14
4. Conclusions
In this report an electrical system for offshore platform was examined. Analyses were done by using programs SIMPOW and ATPDraw. Simulations shower that under normal conditions system cannot keep voltage levels high enough. This can mean generators are working overloaded. From short circuit analysis it can be seen three-phase-to-ground fault causes the highest fault currents. If fault occurs on Bus1 and system is running with two generator sets it takes 8.5 seconds for induction motors to cover. If all three generator are working the clearing time increases to value 10.1 s. Also if one motor is disconnected from the system the recovering time is about 9 seconds. For generators automatic voltage regulators can be used to control speed and voltage and make the generator stable faster after fault. Motor starting analyses were done in two different situations. First one induction were started while other system were running normally. If motor is running without mechanical load startup time is about 9 s and almost linear. When motor is running full load start-up lasts almost 40 s. In other situation motor start-up where examined when motor was connected to long subsea cable and converter. Analyses showed the cable length increased starting current and finally made start-up impossible. If cable was changed to other cable with higher rated current start-up were possible also cable lengths 30 km and 40 km. Although when cable got length of 50 km start-up were not able anymore. Other thing which affected to start-up was initial frequency. Increased initial frequency also increased starting current.
15
Appendixes
Appendix 1 Component data
16 Appendix 2 Power Flow First table shows power flow when two of the three generators are working. Second table is for the system of three generators.
17
G1 P = 0.363609 MW Q = 2.08899 Mvar G2 P = 15.36 MW Q = 9.1 Mvar G3 P = 15 MW Q = 7 Mvar
BUSG3 BUSG1 U = 1 p.u. FI = 1.1416E-033 degrees P = -0.363609 MW Q = -2.08899 Mvar 0 BUSG2 U = 1 p.u. FI = 3.16042E-021 degrees P = -15.36 MW Q = -9.1 Mvar 0 P = 15 MW P = 15.36 MW Q = 9.1 Mvar Q = 7 Mvar P = -15 MW Q = -7 Mvar 0 U = 1 p.u. FI = 3.16042E-021 degrees
P = 0.363609 MW Q = 2.08899 Mvar
BUS1 U = 1 p.u. FI = 3.16042E-021 degrees P = -1.04447 P = -4 MW Q = -1.9373 Mvar MW Q = -0.562251 Mvar P = -4.16032 MW Q = -2.49386 Mvar P = -4.86918 MW 0 M1 P = -6.237 MW Q = -3.74218 Mvar P = 4 MW Q = 1.9373 Mvar 0 BUS6 U = 0.999331 p.u. FI = -0.0107136 degrees P = 1.037 MW Q = 0.49524 M2 P = -4.16264 MW Q = -2.4933 Mvar P = -6.25 MW Q = -3.74998 Mvar Mvar P = 4.83346 MW Q = 2.70104 Mvar 0 Q = -3.21012 Mvar 0 P = 4.158 MW Q = 2.49443 Mvar
BUS7 0 U = 1 p.u. FI = 3.16042E-021 degrees P = 4.158 MW Q = 2.49442 Mvar BUS3 U = 0.968803 p.u. FI = -2.76627 degrees BUS4 U = 0.94939 p.u. FI = -4.19837 degrees M8 P = -4.158 MW Q = -2.49443 Mvar
P = -0.95078 MW 0 BUS2 U = 0.998661 p.u. FI = -0.0214586 degrees P = -4 MW Q = -1.9373 Mvar Q = -0.579376 Mvar
0 M4 P = -1.037 MW Q = -0.49524 Mvar M5 P = -1.04 MW Q = -0.624314 Mvar
P = 0.945192 MW Q = 0.528144 Mvar M3 P = -4.158 MW Q = -2.49442 Mvar 0 P = -1.80268 MW Q = -0.87304 Mvar M6 P = -1.04 MW Q = -0.624314 Mvar
BUS5 U = 0.923247 p.u. FI = -6.36011 degrees
0 P = -0.426192 MW Q = -0.206448 Mvar
M7 P = -0.519 MW Q = -0.321697 Mvar
18 Appendix 3 Short circuit calculations Generator without load:

Nominal current is
Initial maximum value of short-circuit current with one generator working is
Total short circuit current is
DC-offset: It gets the maximum value when .
First peak is when t=0.0083 s With load Load of generator:
) ( ( ( ) ) )
19
DC-offset: It gets the maximum value when .
First peak is when t=0.0083 s
20 Appendix 4 Current contribution from induction machines during three-phase fault on Bus 1
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M1 I POS. kA Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load.
0,900
0,800
0,700
0,600
0,500
0,400
0,300
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M3 STRI Software I POS. kA DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
2,00 TIME SECONDS JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :1 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
0,600
0,500
0,400
0,300
0,200
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME Dynpow Software load. STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al14:13:57
Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M2 I POS. kA
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :3
0,900
0,800
0,700
0,600
0,500
0,400
0,300
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
21
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M4 I POS. 0,350 kA
0,300
0,250
0,200
0,150
0,100 TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012.
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M5 STRI Software I POS. kA DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :4
0,300
0,250
0,200
0,150
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M7 STRI Software I POS. kA DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
2,00 TIME SECONDS JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :5 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M6 STRI Software I POS. kA
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :7
0,300
0,250
0,200
0,150
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1 (three-phase sym m etric fault)
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software ASYNC M8
I POS.
kA
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :6
0,600
0,500
0,400
0,300
0,200
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:13:57
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :8
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M1 I POS. kA Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. 0,3500
0,3400
0,3300
0,3200
0,3100
0,3000
0,2900
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:35:10 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load.
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
0,3500
0,3400
0,3300
0,3200
0,3100
0,3000
0,2900
Dynpow 0,00 for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. file 0,50 1,00 1,50 Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M4 STRI Software 0,1300 I POS.
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:35:10 kA
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
0,1250
0,1200
0,1150
0,1100
0,1050
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow 0,00 for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. file Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault)
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
I POS.
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :4
0,2300
0,2200
0,2100
0,2000
0,1900
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:35:10
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :3
23
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M7 I POS. kA
2,00
1,80
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 4 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M6 STRI Software I POS. kA
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:35:10
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :7
0,350
0,300
0,250
0,200
0,150
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
ASYNC M5 I POS.
kA
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:35:10
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :6
0,350
0,300
0,250
0,200
0,150
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME load. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al14:35:10
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
0,2300
0,2200
0,2100
0,2000
0,1900
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:35:10
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :8
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M1 I POS. kA 0,3150
0,3100
0,3050
0,3000
0,2950
0,2900
0,2850
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load.
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09 I POS. kA
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
0,3150
0,3100
0,3050
0,3000
0,2950
0,2900
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
ASYNC M3 I POS.
kA
0,2100
0,2050
0,2000
0,1950
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00

0,1160
Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09 I POS. kA
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :3
0,1140
0,1120
0,1100
0,1080
0,1060
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :4
25
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M5 I POS. kA
0,1320
0,1300
0,1280
0,1260
0,1240
0,1220
0,1200
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
I POS.
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
0,1320
0,1300
0,1280
0,1260
0,1240
0,1220
0,1200
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
2,20
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :6
ASYNC M7 I POS.
kA
2,00
1,80
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
Short-circuit on BUS 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09 ASYNC M8 I POS. kA
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :7
0,2100
0,2050
0,2000
0,1950
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00 TIME SECONDS
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
STRI Software
DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 14:47:09
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :8
26 Appendix 7 Voltage variation of induction motors when motor M1 is disconnect

8,060
8,040
8,020
8,000
7,980
7,960
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,30 1,40 Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M2 STRI Software
DATE U PHASE A kV 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07 1,50 1,60 1,70 1,80 1,90 2,00 2,10 2,20 2,30
TIME SECONDS Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :4
8,060
8,040
8,020
8,000
7,980
7,960
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TIME SECONDS
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME load. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M3 U PHASE A kV
8,040
8,020
8,000
7,980
7,960
7,940
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TIME SECONDS DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME Dynpow Software load. STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07
Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M4 U PHASE A kV TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012.
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :6
3,4700
3,4650
3,4600
3,4550
3,4500
3,4450
3,4400
3,4350
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :7
27
3,4000
3,3950
3,3900
3,3850
3,3800
3,3750
3,3700
3,3650
3,3600
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME load. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07 Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M6 U PHASE A kV
TIME SECONDS JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :8
STRI Software
3,4000
3,3950
3,3900
3,3850
3,3800
3,3750
3,3700
3,3650
3,3600
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TIME SECONDS DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME Dynpow Software load. STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :9
Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M7 U PHASE A kV 0,24850
0,24800
0,24750
0,24700
0,24650
0,24600
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
2,10
2,20
2,30
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :10
Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M8 U PHASE A kV
8,060
8,040
8,020
8,000
7,980
7,960
7,940 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,30 1,40 1,50 1,60 1,70 1,80 1,90 2,00 2,10 2,20 2,30
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :11
28 Frequency variations when motor M1 is disconnect

0,991800
0,991600
0,991400
0,991200
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :12
Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M2 SPEED p.u.
0,991700
0,991600
0,991500
0,991400
0,991300
0,991200
0,991100
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07 Dynpow Software load.
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :13
0,991600
0,991500
0,991400
0,991300
0,991200
0,991100
0,991000
0,990900 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07 Dynpow Software load. 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :14
Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M4 SPEED 0,989600 p.u.
0,989500
0,989400
0,989300
0,989200
0,989100
0,989000
0,988900
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :15
29
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M5 SPEED 0,991800 p.u.
0,991700
0,991600
0,991500
0,991400
0,991300
0,991200
0,991100
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. 13:25:07
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M6 SPEED 0,991800 p.u.
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :16
0,991700
0,991600
0,991500
0,991400
0,991300
0,991200
0,991100
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0

DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME Dynpow Software load. STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07 JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :17
0,990300
0,990200
0,990100
0,990000
0,989900
0,989800
0,989700
0,989600 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS

12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME load. Dynpow Software STRI file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al13:25:07
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :18
0,991600
0,991500
0,991400
0,991300
0,991200
0,991100
0,991000
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:25:07
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :19
30 Appendix 8 Induction motor curves for critical clearing analysis, Mechanical load k=0.85
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
9,3, 0,99121 0,98900
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
11,0
12,0
13,0
14,0
15,0
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
9,5, 0,99107
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets 4,0operation. Norm al load. in 0,0 2,0 6,0 Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M4 STRI Software SPEED
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35 p.u. 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS JOB m ini_project_2012_Part5-2-a-iii Sim pow 11.0.009 Diagram :3 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
0,99000
0,98900
0,98800
0,98700
9,4, 0,98904
0,98600
0,98500
0,98400
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets 3,0operation. Norm al load. in 0,0 1,0 2,0 4,0 5,0 Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault)
6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 15,0
STRI Software
ASYNC M2 SPEED
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35 p.u.
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
9,3, 0,99121 0,98900
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
11,0
12,0
13,0
14,0
15,0
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
31
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
9,4, 0,99123
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 15,0
TIME SECONDS
STRI Software
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
9,4, 0,99123
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600 TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M7 STRI Software SPEED p.u. DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 15,0
0,99000
0,98900
0,98800
9,5, 0,98975 0,98700
0,98600
0,98500
Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets 3,0operation. Norm al load. in 0,0 1,0 2,0 4,0 5,0 Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M8 STRI Software SPEED
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
11,0
12,0
13,0
14,0
15,0
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35 p.u.
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
9,3, 0,99108
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 12:35:35
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :8
32 Three generator/turbine sets working

0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
11,1, 0,99121
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :1
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
11,1, 0,99121
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :2
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
10,9, 0,99107
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :3
0,99000
0,98900
0,98800
0,98700
10,9, 0,98904
0,98600
0,98500
0,98400
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :4
33
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
10,9, 0,99123 0,98900
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :5
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
10,9, 0,99123 0,98900
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :6
TET 4200 "Marine and Offshore pow er plants". Spring 2012. Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. Norm al load. Short-circuit on BUS 1, 4 and 5 (three-phase sym m etric fault) ASYNC M7 SPEED 0,99100 p.u.
0,99000
0,98900
0,98800 10,9, 0,98975 0,98700
0,98600
0,98500
0,98400 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 TIME SECONDS 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :7
0,99200
0,99100
0,99000
0,98900
11,0, 0,99108
0,98800
0,98700
0,98600
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0 TIME SECONDS
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
STRI Software
DATE 7 APR 2012 TIME 13:08:03
Sim pow 11.0.009
Diagram :8
34 Appendix 9 Matlab code for starting currents and frequencies

function [] = torque_marine( ) clear all hold off %control values B=0.65; Tba1=0.1; Tba2=0.2; Tba3=0.3; Tba4=0.4; %system fn=50; l=50; %motor: Tn=9900; Un=6.6*10^3; Unpu=1.0; Sn=1.2*10^6; In=Sn/(sqrt(3)*Un); Zbase=Un^2/Sn; sn=(2*fn*pi-996*2*pi/60)/(2*pi*fn); Rs=0.0215; Rr=0.011; X1s=0.0673; Xs2=0.0673; Rr1=Zbase*Rr; %cable: %In=241; Rac=0.25; Racpu=Rac/Zbase; Xc=0.37*10^(-3)*2*pi*50; Xcpu=Xc/Zbase; %transformer St=5*10^6; Zt=St*0.0403/Sn; Rt=Zt/sqrt(8.9^2+1); Xt=8.9*Rt; Rsys=Rs+Rr+Racpu*l+Rt; Xsys=X1s+Xs2+Xt+Xcpu*l; Zpu=sqrt(Rsys^2+Xsys^2) Z=Zpu*Zbase f=0.0; while f <= 50
35
Tpu=(3*(Unpu*(1+B)*f/(fn*Zpu))^2*Rr/(f/fn)); plot(f,Tpu); hold on f=f+0.1; end xlabel('Frequency [Hz]') ylabel('Torque [pu]') title(['Start-up torque,B=',num2str(B), ', l=',num2str(l), ' km']); grid; %current fba1=Tba1/(3*(Unpu*(1+B)/(fn*Zpu))^2*Rr*fn) Ist1=sqrt(Tba1*Tn*2*pi*fba1/(3*Rr1)) fba2=Tba2/(3*(Unpu*(1+B)/(fn*Zpu))^2*Rr*fn) Ist2=sqrt(Tba2*Tn*2*pi*fba2/(Rr1*3)) fba3=Tba3/(3*(Unpu*(1+B)/(fn*Zpu))^2*Rr*fn) Ist3=sqrt(Tba3*Tn*2*pi*fba3/(3*Rr1)) fba4=Tba4/(3*(Unpu*(1+B)/(fn*Zpu))^2*Rr*fn) Ist4=sqrt(Tba4*Tn*2*pi*fba4/(Rr1*3)) end
36 Appendix 10 ATPDraw simulations of starting currents and speeds Cable: 2XS(FL)2YRAA 6/10(12) kV, In=288 A B=0.65, l=10 km, Tba=0.2, finit=14 Hz:
900
750
600
450
300
150
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
(file startup1(1).pl4; x-var t) m :I1 m :I2 u1:O EG u2:O EG m M M M M :I1
B=0.65, l=10 km, Tba=0.3, finit=21 HZ:

900
750
600
450
300
150
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=10 km, Tba=0.4, f=28 Hz
37
1000
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=20 km, Tba=0.1, finit=9.4 Hz

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
(file startup1(1).pl4; x-var t) m :I1 m :I2 u1:O EG u2:O EG M M M M
B=0.65, l=20 km, Tba=0.2, f=19 Hz

800
300
-200
-700
-1200
-1700
-2200 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=20 km, Tba=0.3, f=29 Hz
38
800
300
-200
-700
-1200
-1700
-2200 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=20 km, Tba=0.4, f=38 Hz

1000
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=30 km, Tba=0.1, f=12.5 Hz, cannot start

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
-1000
-2000 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
Cable changed to In=327 A B=0.65, l=30 km, Tba=0.1, f=10 Hz
39
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
but when Tba=0.2 stalling again. Cable changed to In=464 A B=0.65, l=30 km, Tba=0.1, f=10 Hz:
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
(file startup1(1).pl4; x-var t) m :I2 u1:O EG M M
B=0.65, l=30 km, Tba=0.2, f=10 Hz

500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=30 km, Tba=0.3, f=10 Hz
40
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
B=0.65, l=30 km, Tba=0.4, f=10 Hz

500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10
u1:OM EGM
15
20
[s]
25
Tba=0.1, l= 50 km, f=10 Hz, when Tba=0.2 stalling

600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
41 Tba=0.1, l= 40 km, finit=10 Hz

600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
Tba=0.3, l= 40 km, f=20 Hz

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
Tba=0.4, l= 40 km, f=20 Hz

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 [s] 25
42 Appendix 11 Cable data

Marine and Offshore Power System

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Marine and Offshore Power System

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TET4200 MARINE AND OFFSHORE POWER SYSTEM PROJECT WORK SPRING 2012 Mamta Maharjan, Linda Rekosuo

1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.4. 1.5.

ATPDraw simulations ....................................................................................................... 12 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 14

1.1. System description

P = 15.3636 MW Q = 9.08899 Mvar

0 M4 P = -1.037 MW Q = -0.49524 Mvar M5 P = -1.04 MW Q = -0.624314 Mvar

BUS5 U = 0.923247 p.u. FI = -6.36011 deg rees

0 P = -0.426192 MW Q = -0.206448 Mvar

M7 P = -0.519 MW Q = -0.321697 Mvar

1.2. Characteristics for induction machines

DATE 15 MAR 2012 TIME 13:49:18 JOB mini_project_2012_Part4

DATE 15 MAR 2012 TIME 13:49:18

Figure 2 Torque-speed and torque-current charasteristics for induction motor

1.3. Short-circuit analysis

1.1.1. Single phase to ground fault

1,60 1,019, 2,28

1,000 TIME SECONDS

DATE 26 APR 2012 TIME 21:24:05

JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-iii

Sim pow 11.0.009

Diagram 26 APR 2012 TIME 21:24:05 DATE :1

JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-iii

Sim pow 11.0.009

0,75100 0,75700 1,020, 0,74707

0,75000 0,75600 0,74900

1,000 TIME SECONDS

DATE 26 APR 2012 TIME 21:27:38

JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-iii

Sim pow 11.0.009

Diagram26 APR 2012 TIME 21:27:38 DATE :1

JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-iii

Sim pow 11.0.009

1.1.2. Two-phase fault

Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. No load.

Dynpow file for Mini-proje ct. 2 T/G s e ts in ope ration. No load.

4,00 1,0000, 7,21

2,00 1,0001, 3,61

1,0150 TIME SECONDS

DATE 15 APR 2012 TIME 12:04:10

JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-ii

Sim pow 11.0.009

DATEDiagram2012 TIME 12:04:10 15 APR :1

JOB m ini_proje ct_2012_Part5-2-a-ii

Sim pow 11.0.009

1.1.3. Three phase fault

Using these values -value can be examined

Dynpow file for Mini-project. 2 T/G sets in operation. No load.

1,050 TIME SECONDS

DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 11:12:00

Sim pow 11.0.009

Diagram :1 5 APR 2012 TIME 12:17:46 DATE

Sim pow 11.0.009

System under load

3,00 1,000, 4,59 2,50

and for the maximum instantaneous current

1,040 TIME SECONDS

STRI Software Figure 7 Generator current during fault

DATE 6 APR 2012 TIME 12:32:23

Sim pow 11.0.009

DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 12:32:52

Sim pow 11.0.009

DATE 5 APR 2012 TIME 13:36:27

Sim pow 11.0.009