Silent Era 1889-1927 o Two Inventors simultaneously (1889) Thomas Edison Kinescope-action view film deposited on plate glass

ass Lumiere Brothers Lumiere Camera o o Similar Purpose Document real life o o Limitations of Film key Camera stationary Camera vibrated and jerked Film decay Black and white color One-shot (no editing) Limited to 3 minutes (all the film that could roll into a camera) o o Peoples Reactions Surprise (?) Was like the circus Terror The train was going to tear through the screen Film would capture the imaginations of people Story Driven Cinema o Melies Voyage to the Moon (1902) In just 12 years, changes have been made Editing Acting Constructed Sets Costumes No moving camera (stationary shot) No color No sound Single take (mistakes key) First Science Fiction Movie Moyage to the Moon is 20 minutes long o Porter The Great Train Robbery (1904) 30 mun AMERICA FUCK YEAH Color is added manually Villian created Rolling background o D.W. Griffith The Birth of A Nation (1915) 2.5 hours Creator of the modern film industry First Real film

Set film language 3 act structure using a screenwriter Uses parallelism Two events go on simultaneously Story Driven Cinema becomes cemented (no documentaries) First film to charge admission People would pay to see this stuff Creation of Hollywood Racist creation of the Ku Klux Klan Career After Intolerance (1916) white man black woman Broken Blossoms (1919) Japanese man white woman German Expressionism o Definition: A movement of cinema that emphasized emotion through exaggeration of mise-en-scene. (setting, lighting, acting, movement, costumes) o 1919-1931 o The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Robert Weine) 1919 o Film image became graphic art, stylized and distorted to the extreme Walls are off-kilter and roof is curved on the set Painted window and door Showing the walls and roof makes it claustrophobic Darkness (painted) to exaggerate shadow Dark make-up emphasizes deadness, etc. o Best Films of the Movement Metropolis Fritz Lang (1927) Had a lot of money to make the film POV invented to show differences between characters Multiple takes become prevalent/ editing Last Laugh and Nosferatu F.W. Murnau First Vampire Movie ever created (supposed to be Count Dracula) o Sleepy Hollow Tim Burton Soviet Montage 1924-1930 o Bolshevik Revolution Movie industry=propaganda machine from the beginning o Definition: An Editing technique using the Kuleshov effect to produce great emotion by juxtaposing shots together. Doesnt have to be a logical connection, just juxtaposed o Definition of Montage: collision of independent shots that expand or contract space and time o The Battleship Potempkin Sergei Eisenstein Star Wars A New Hope 32 separate location shots The Sound Era o The Jazz Singer Jack Warner (1927)

First sound film o Charlie Chaplin was threatened by sound. o o Revolution in Film World You aint heard nothing yet o o 1927-1935 Worst Era in Film History William Faulkner, Fitzgerald, etc. came to Hollywood to write screenplays Hollywood Golden Age (1939-1960) o o 1939 Best year for cinema ever Gone With The Wind and Wizard of Oz o o More movies per year than ever before and ever since 400 movies/year through 8 years Universal Paramount Disney WB Fox Lions Gate Hollywood Studio System Ford Assembly Line System Casablanca Screenplays written by number Casablanca written by 7 people o Genres Film Noir Screwball Comedy Musical Film Movements Surrealism 1918-1977 o Using dream imagery to tell a story, can be societal or personal o Longest film movement in history o Primary Director: Luis Bunuel Un Chien Andalou Italian Neo-Realism o Bombing of Italian Alps destroys Italy post WWII Anti-Hollywood; opposite of everything America did o Limitation of Hollywood contrivance by shooting on location and casting real people. Los Strada o The Bicycle Thief Di Sica Shot on location Cast actual factory worker Plight of REAL people is the point of the movie French New Wave (accepted 2nd Lum 1st) (1959-1964)

o Definition: A film movement that attempted to change film as entertainment to film as art. o Radical Left Wing Politics, Radical sex, radical film Merged to create unusual film climate Largest riot in France broke out due to the closure of a movie theater. o Auteur Theory: THE DIRECTOR IS GOD. o First Film: The 400 Blows (1959) Francois Truffaut Film Critic turned Director John Cassavettes Age of Directors (1967-1980) o Director is GOD o Collapse of the studio system o o o o Creation of the production house (director run) 10 million dollars could be put together to make a smaller film Bonnie and Clyde (1967) In Cold Blood (1967) Easy Riders (1969)

Born to be Wild was written for this movie o Film Brats First directors to go to school for film Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, Brian De Palma UCLA, USC, NYU best universities Greatest Era in Cinema The Godfather, Apocalypse Now, Taxi Driver, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, American Graffiti o Death of the Greatest Film Movement Jaws (1975) First Blockbuster 50 million dollar budget At the time 10-20 million return was a huge hit Earned 200 million dollars Created a new model, the blockbuster model Star Wars George Lucas (1977) Merchandising Was able to create 7 different companies off the one merchandising agreement ILM, LucasArts, etc. Raging Bull Martin Scorsese (1980)

The last film Age of Producers (1980 Present) o Producers dominate film as blockbusters are made during the summer Star Wars Indiana Jones E.T. Die Hard American Independent Cinema o Birth: Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989) First film bought at Sundance Movie Fesitval o Blair Witch Project Made for 90,000; grossed 90 million o Death of American Independent Lord of the Rings Mark Godetsky at NewLine Cinema 1 production all three movies shot at once 93 million dollar budget Made 93 million on the first movie alone Everything was pure profit for the rest of the trilogy o Two for the price of one: the trilogy

Citizen Kane o First movie to ever use a flashback To tell a film out of liner order had never been done o First person to ever use deep focus photography Keep both the foreground and background in focus to use depth o Triangular focus in power

Orson Welles o Accused of being a biography of William Randolph Hearst Built Hearst Castle Exaggerated events to claim that the USS Maine was attacked by Spanish forces in Cuba to force the Spanish-American War. o Could be an autobiography of himself Accepted to college early (Yale) at the age of 16 Flunked out of most school Goes to Broadway at 19 Julius Caesar and an all-black MacBeth Became king of radio and Mercury Theater Famous broadcast of War of the World

At the age of 25, given an extraordinary contract Written, directed, starred, unlimited budget, unlimited time The ultimate contract ever Could have made Heart of Darkness; made Citizen Kane The Beginning of Citizen Kane o Initiating Action o Establish the World Summarize the film Thematic end

Thompson o Inner goal find himself/self-discovery success He is okay with not finding o Outer goal find out rosebud fail Kane o Inner goal love fail o Outer goal money success Audiences corner o To connect the person to the character Maintains anonymity of the main character Movie is about solving a jigsaw puzzle o Missing piece is rosebud, cannot find it; doesnt matter Theme: Art cannot replicate reality no matter the non limitations Mise-en-Scene o Setting Time Place Set Era Weather o Lighting Atmosphere Theatrical Lighting Naturalistic Lighting Shadows o Costume Color Coordinated with setting Personality Socio-economic status Occupation

Makeup Special effects makeup Characters(ie zombies) Wounds, injuries, etc. Accentuate features of a character

o Acting Movement is the most important thing an actor can do Pans Labyrinth o Setting: real vs. imaginary o Lighting: everything in real world is naturalistically lighted Everything imaginary is a theatrical lighting style o Costume Doesnt change clothes = adventurous The faun costume is mossy because no movement Mesopotamian and Sumerian influences Costume is part of nature The horns create fear, from Baal (ram) becoming the early devil Fragility and old age could put her at ease Part of nature creates comfort and safety Pan loves to wander off into nature o Acting Movement of the Faun Lowers himself to create a smaller figure Moves his hands outward for her to stay Ultimate sign of friendship: opens his hands Been there for so long that hes creaking and stretching Movement of the Faun Cinematography o Definition: writing in movement and/or light Camera placement o Angle: Definition: position of a camera along the 180 axis Ie during a high noon shootout Good guy is always on the right (positive) Villain is on the left (negative) Never break the 180 rule positioning of the camera along the axis of one side of a line. o Height Position of the camera along the vertical axis o Level Position of the camera against the ground (perpendicular or not) Tilt or scant Filling the screen creates more power

Tilt is up and down Scant is side to side Scant is almost always negative

o Distance ELS LS MLS full body MS waist up MCS chin up CS/CU the whole face ECS/ECU part of the face Symbolizes emotion o Camera Motion: Pan camera is fixed and rotates Establishes setting; panorama Used for major reveals in space Dolly: movement along the horizontal plane Tracking shot SteadyCam: Allows a counterbalance of a camera on a person Crane: Camera moves along the vertical axis Not ordinary shots; very expensive equipment Mostly positive emotions o Cinematography and Mise-en-Scene in Citizen Kane Camera never at eye level (low height and high tilt) How much rage and emotion is present Fills the screen more Portrays the power and strength Kane exudes Movement is uneven Shaking handsfear and sadness Trying to fight the emotional wall Wall breaks and then the destruction begins Setting Princesses bedroom; little girls bedroom; giant in a dollhouse Bird flies away because it is free; much like Susan is when she leaves. Kane is the one that is now trapped in the cage(room) Aristotles Poetics (c. 335 BCE) o Creation of 3 Act Structure Has worked since 335 BCE, if it aint broke dont fix it o Plot Pyramid Exposition Author can set up the story before it begins Setting and Characters Rising Action Creation of the problem

Clinax Falling Action Resolution (denouement) o Beginning, Middle, End (I,II,III) Act 1: 30 minutes, Act II: 70 minutes, Act III: 20 minutes o Star Wars IV: Act 1(?) Initiating Action Where, when R2-D2 and 3-CPO introduce the what Lays out the exposition even though R2-D2 knows them (for us) Princess Leia & Darth Vader again introduce a what Luke who Inner: wants to do something with his life; become Jedi Outer: Inciting Incident: Moment when exposition ends and story begins R2-D2 is bought by Luke Brings Imperial Guards to his home and starts the movie Ben Kenobi Offers Luke the change to become a JEDI Luke responds no Because he needs to see his aunt/uncle die Death creates a decision Act II Smaller Obstacles escalate Cannot find R2-D2/2-CPO Then need to find a ship Han Solo Run into stormtroopers Jedi Run into star destroyers Hyperspeed Run into the death star Alderran is dead Must be captured by death star Ben Kanobi dies no way to become a Jedi Bring hero to their knees to make the climax even worse for the mc Death star finds out what the rebel alliance base is. Act III Achieves or fails main character goals Luke achieves both Resolution is quickly over No Country For Old Men o Initiating Action Act I o Act II Character Goal + Obstacle to achieving the goal + something at stake

Achieving goal should become harder and harder and harder Cormac McCarthy o Southern Gothic o William Faulkner Full use language complex o Sultree o Moved to El Paso, Texas from Tennessee Begins writing solely about the American frontier Challenges the idea of a Western Begins writing like Hemingway to force reader to think about what is being read o Violence as a means of transformation Usually seen as a positive connotation in Westerns McCarthy uses it as a negative connotation o Major Theme is Devo (Devolution) We are going to a place worse than where weve been. Bells family handgun vs. Chigurhs cattlegun o Blood Meridian To achieve what Shakespeare does with poetry, McCarthy uses blood Best American Novel in the last 75 years. o All the Pretty Horses Standard Western o The Road Best book since Blood Meridian Post-Apocalyptic Father and Son hiding in the mountains but its too cold. People want to eat those on the road. No Country for Old Men The Real Shit Happens Coen Brothers o Joel Coen NYU Studied film Dramatic o Ethan Coen Princeton Studied philosophy Comedian o Blood Simple More Joel Coens film with help from Ethan Flashes of violence, mixed with humor Dark lit films representing character Motif of spinning objects (not in NCOM) Use of color o Decide to rotate between each project One takes a movie then the other.

One would get high and then help the one running them, o Both of them got high The Big Lebowski Ed Tom Bell o Christian Gods Will/Fate NO CHOICE = WWII run away people die, dont people die God gives life/takes it o Optimist o Sheriff redemption Attempts to stop Chigurh o Past No Country for Old Men young = hopeful Sailing to Byzantium Yates The elderly should sail to Byzantium (Turkey) the past

Ed Tom Bell

Sailing to heaven death is key

Anton Chigurh

Llewelyn Moss

Anton Chigurh future o Atheist vs. Christian o Choice He values choice over fate o Accountant focus on numbers There will be an accounting The accounting is scrupulous Even a nonbeliever could do well to model themselves around God. weighing things You could even say that he has principles. Principles that transcend money or drugs or anything like that. Llewelyn Moss present o Agnostic o Belief in himself o Picks up the hitchhiker to try to make up for past Dies anyway Inner/Outer Goals o Ed Tom Bell Outer: Protection of citizens - FAILS Inner: Live up to his father different than book - FAILS o Moss

Outer: Get away with money - FAILS Inner: American Dream ownership - FAILS o Chigurh Outer: Kill Llewelyn Moss - FAILS Inner: Live up to his principles - FAILS No Country for Old Men Opening Scene o Sunrise vs sunset Beginning vs end Could be both Ed Tom light Moss grey Chigurh dark o Telephone wires Shows time period Mans here in the land // fence and tree Fence is the boundary No Country for Old Men Climax o Ed Tom Bell goes back into the motel room, but decides not to follow Chigurh anymore. The climax of the mofvie is that Bell gives up. Ed Tom Bell o Whatever choice he makes, the end is going to be the same (fate is sealed) in book. o Chigurh represents the future to Ed Tom Bell. Bell cannot understand who Chigurh is. o Bell does not want to risk his soul to follow his dream. o However, his uncle rebukes Bell by saying the shit does not change windmill is the same from the beginning and in the scene. Carla Jeans Murder Editing o Length Introduction of MTV Michael Bay Shots now take 3 seconds rather than 10-11 seconds Barry Lyndon Stanley Kubrick vs. Armageddon Michael Bay Barry Lyndon Peaceful, boring, slow lifestyle, narrative feeling Shot length = long Armageddon Chaotic, fast-paced, realistic feeling Shot length = short o Transition Fade-in and fade-out Indicate change in beginning and end (ie beginning and end of scene, act, concepts, etcetera) Must be used more than once to show meaning Consciousness shown through fade in or out

Dissolve Change in time (flashbacks, etc.) Connect two images together Wipe PAIN IN THE FUCKING ASS Change in location Star Wars Steven Spielberg Tries to mimic Akira Kurosawa

Cut Simple juxtaposition of two shots

o Content Graphic Relation Pictorial difference or similarity between two shots Colors Positions Mise-en-scene Rhythmic Relation Adjusting shot length to produce rhythm Set to music Orchestral set to a beat (major cut to major beat) Experimental Purposefully edit not on the beat Requiem for a Dream Darren Aronofsky Music is used to mirror the addiction and withdrawal of an addict. Spatial Relations Establish space within a scene Must establish how characters are placed between each other in action scenes Ability of an editor to create a location in a movie. Can be used to take two different locations and merge them in one scene. Temporal Relationship Flashback Goes back in characters past Flash-forward Expansion Increases importance of a shot Creates suspense if there is a time limit Contraction Makes sure the movie doesnt take a shit ton of time Notorious Alfred Hitchcock Continuity Editing 5 pages in 10 hours of shooting

1 scene shot in multiple days Stuff must be exact, but mistakes happen Some people do not care about continuity Pretty Woman