Oracle Question Bank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. What is an RDBMS ? what are different Database models ? What is SQL ? What is a transaction ? What is a Commit ? What is a rollback ? What is a DDL ? What is a DML ? What are group functions ? explain each What is locking ? What is deadlocking ? What is a shared lock ? What is a exclusive lock ? What is a shared exclusive lock ? What are clusters ? What is indexing? What is a view? What is a rowid? What is a primary key? What is a unique key ? What is the difference between unique and primary key? What is a foreign key? What are integrity constraint.? What is referencial intigrity ? What are different datatypes ? What is Varchar2 ? How is it different from Char? What is datatype mixing ? What is NULL? What is a sequence ? What are pseudo Columns in ORACLE ? What is a Like operator? How is it different from IN Operator? What are single row number functions in oracle? Give 4 examples and explain What are single row char functions in oracle? Give 4 examples and explain What are Conversion functions in oracle Give 4 examples and explain What are date function ? Give 4 examples and explain What is New_Time function? What is Convert function ? What is Translate function? What is Soundex function ? What is Replace function? What is floor function? What is iIntcap function? What is ASCII function? What is Decode function? What is Greatest function? What is format model in oracle? Give 5 examples of of number and date formats ? What is an expression ? What are 5 forms of expressions ? What is a condition?

50. What aer 7 forms of conditions? 51. What is a Synonym ? 52. What are Cursors? 53. What is explicit Cursors? How is it different from implicit cursor? 54. What is an embedded SQL? 55. What is PL/SQL? 56. What are the Conditional Constructs of PL/SQL? 57. How is an array defined in PL/SQL? 58. How to define a variable in PL/SQL? 59. How to define an cursor in PL/SQL? 60. What are exceptions? 61. What are system Exceptions? 62. How to Define our own exceptions in PL/SQL? 63. How is the performance improved by PL/SQL in Oracle ? 64. What is a Schema? 65. What is a profile? 66. What are roles? 67. How can we alter a users password in oracle? 68. What is a table-space in oracle? 69. What is extent? 70. What are PCTFREE and PCTUSED parameters? 71. What is a Block in oracle? 72. What is client server architecture? Explain the different types? 73. What is a segment in oracle ? explain different types? 74. What is the use of RollBack segment? 75. What is read-consistancy in ORACLE? 76. What is SGA? 77. What are background processes? 78. What is SYSTEM userid? What does it have? 79. What is SYS userid? What does it have? 80. What is data dictionary in ORACLE? 81. What is SQLDBA? 82. Who is ORACLE ADMINISTRATOR ? How is he different from DBA ? 83. How to create database? 84. What are database files? 85. What is a log file ? What is it's significance? 86. What is a control file ? What is it's significance? 87. What is a init file ? What is it's significance? 88. What does an UPDATE statement do? 89. What does an DELETE statement do? 90. What does an SELECT statement do? 91. What does an INSERT statement do? 92. How to create a table using SELECT and INSERT statements? 93. How To delete duplicate rows in a table? 94. What is an instance? 95. What is startup and shutdown? 96. What is mounting of database? 97. What is two-phase commit? 98. What are snapshots? 99. What are triggers and stored procedures? 100. What are packages? 101. What is SQL*Forms 3.0 ? Is it a client or server?

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.

What are different objects of SQL* Forms? What are packaged Procedures? What are different types of triggers? What is the difference between resticted and unrestricted packaged procedures? What are system variables in SQL*Forms? What are global variables in SQL*Forms? What are pages? What is block? Explain different types? What is screen? What are different types of field? What is page zero? What does MESSAGE function do? What does NAME_IN function do? What does CLEAR_EOL procedure do? What does ON_ERROR procedure do? What does COPY function do? What is ARRAYSIZE parameter? What is GO_BLOCK function? What is ANCHOR_VIEW function? How to call a form from inside a form? How to send a parameters to another form? How to give automatic hint text for fields? How to see key map sequences? What is SYNCHRONIZE function? What is EXECUTE_QUERY procedure? How to customise system messages in SQL*Forms How to define fields in WYSIWYG format? What is ON-INSERT trigger?How is different from PRE-INSERT? What is the difference between a trigger and procedure? How to call a stored procedure from inside a form? What are V2 triggers? How to rename a form? What is a pop-up page?How to define one? What is a group in SQL*ReportWriter? How do you define parent-child relationship in ReportWriter? What is a rowcount fuction in ReportWriter? How do you define matrix report? How do you execute a report from within a form? What are exp and imp utilities?

Questions and Answers

1.What is an RDBMS? What are the different Database Models? (A). Data Base Management System consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programmes to access that data . A relational database Management system (RDBMS) such as ORACLE allows (1) to put data(manage data) (2) Keep the data (3) Lets u get the data and work on it. The three widely accepted data models are the Relational Model Network Model Hierarchical Model

*Data is stored in tables. Tables have columns, rows, names Tables can be related to each other if each have a column with common type of information.

2.What is SQL ? A Structured Query Language SQL allows end users to extract information from databases themselves, the basic structure of SQL consists of 3 clauses SELECT, FROM, WHERE. 3.What is a transaction? A transaction is a sequence of SQL statements that ORACLE treats as a single unit. Its a series of SQL statements that either succeed or fail as a unit. Transaction is a standard part of relational databases and prevent inconsistent data.

4.What is a COMMIT? In a transaction a set of changes are made permanent with the commit statement. When a COMMIT statement is issued to the database the transaction is ended and All work done by the transaction is made permanent Other sessions can see the changes made by this transaction. Any locks by the transaction are released. Syntax: COMMIT[WORK]

5.What is a Rollback? Part or all of a transaction can be undone with the ROLLBACK statement .An automatic rollback occurs whenever a transaction is interrupted such as by an execution error, a power failure, update or delete statement but any that have occurred since the last commit. When a ROLLBACK statement is issued to the database the transaction is ended and All work done by the transaction is undone as if it had not been issued. Any lock, acquired by the transaction are released.

6.What is a DDL?

A database scheme is specified by a set of definitions, which are expressed by a special language called a data definition language (DDL). The result of the compilation of DDL statement is a set of tables, which are stored in a special file called data dictionary (or directory). DDL stmt define Create or Delete (drop) database objects.

7.What is Data Manipulation Language? DML Statement are one category of SQL statement such as Select, Insert, Delete and Update query and update the actual data. Data manipulation means Retrieval of information stored in the database Insertion of new information into the database Deletion of information from the database Modification of information from the database A DML is a language that enables users to access or manipulate data as organised by the appropriate data model. 8. What are group functions? Explain each Each of the data type (char, varchar, number,date) have a group of functions designed especially to manipulate data on its own type Group functions: A group function computes a single summary value (such as avg, sum) from the individual number values in a group of values. They are 1. 2. AVG([DISTINCT:ALL]values) gives the average of the values for groups of rows. COUNT([DISTINCT:ALL]values): give the count of a row of a row for a column or for a table. GLB(label): gives the least lower bound of a secure operating system label. LVB(label): gives the least upper bound of a secure operating system label. MAX([DISTINCT:ALL]values):gives the maximum of all values for a group of rows. STDDEV([DISTINCT:ALL]values):gives the standard deviation of all the values of a group of rows. SUM([DISTINCT:ALL]values):gives the sum of all values for a group of rows. VARIANCE([DISTINCT:ALL]values):gives the variance of all values for a group of rows.

3. 4. 5. 6.

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9.What is Locking? To Lock one or more tables in a specified mode is called locking.This lock manually overrided automatic locking and permits or denies access to a table or a view by other users for a duration of once operation. 10.What is a Deadlock? A deadlock is a rare situation in which two or more user process of a database cannot complete their transactions. This occurs because each process is holding a resource that

the other process requires( such as a rowid in a table) in order to complete .Oracle detects and resolves deadlocks by rolling back the work of one of the process. 11. What is Shared Lock? A share lock is one that permits other users to query data, but not change it.

12.What is an exclusive lock? An exclusive lock is one that permits other users to query data, but not change it. It differs from share lock becoz it does not permit another user to place any type of lock on the same data; several users may place share locks on the same data at the same time.

13.What is shared exclusive lock?

14.What are clusters? Clustering is a method of storing tables that are intimately related and often joined together into the same area on the disk. The cluster key is the column or the columns by which the tables are usually joined in a query.

15.What is indexing? Index is a general term for an Oracle/SQL feature used primarily to speed execution and impose uniqueness upon certain data. Indexes provide a faster access method to one tables data than doing a full table scan. An indexed fields (except those with null value) and pointer(s) to the row(s) having that value. 16. What is a view? A view is a database object that is a logical representation of a table. It is derived from a table but has a storage of its own and often used in the same manner as a table .If a view is based on a single underlying table u can delete rows in the view. This will actually insert, delete or update rows in the underlying table. U cannot insert, update, delete if the view contains group by, distinct or a reference to a pseudocolumn rownum. 17. What is a rowid?

For each row in the database the rowid pseudocolumn returns a rows address. ROWID values contain information necessary to create a row. It uniquely identifies a row in the database. ROWID contains Which data block in the data file Which row in the data block (first row is 0) Which data file (first file is 1) They are the fastest means of accessing a single row. They can show you how a tables rows are stored.

18. What is a Primary key? Primary key is the column(s) used to uniquely identify each row of a table 19.What is a unique key? Unique key is a one or more column that must be unique for each row of the table 20.What is the difference between a unique and a primary key? A Primary key cannot have a null value while a unique key can have a null value. 21.What is a foreign key? 22.What are integrity constraints? Integrity constraint is a rule that restricts the range of valid values for a column. It is placed on a column when the table is created. 23.What is referential integrity? Referential integrity is the property that guarantees that value from one column depend on value from another column. This property is enforced through integrity constraints. 24.What are different data types? Each literal or column value has a data type. The value's data types associate a fixed set of properties with the value. Varchar2(size), number(p,s), char(size), long, raw, long raw, Boolean, smallint, binary_integer, double, decimal, dec, etc., The data types are scalar (all the above) Composite : tables and record 25.What is varchar2? How is it different from char? 26.What is data type mixing? 27.What is null? 28.What is a sequence? 29.What are pseudo columns in oracle?

A pseudo column behaves like a table column, but is not actually store in the table. One can select from pseudo columns, but you cannot insert, update or delete their values. Pseudo columns like CURRVAL, NEXTVAL, LEVEL, ROWID, ROWNUM. 30.What is like operator? A like operator is used in character string comparison with pattern matching. The syntax char1 [NOT] like char2 With the like operator you can compare a value to a pattern rather than to a constant. 31.What are single row number functions in ORACLE? Give 4 examples. Explain. What are single row char functions in ORACLE? Give examples. Explain. 32.What are conversion functions in ORACLE give example. Conversion functions convert a value from one data type to another. Generally the form of the function names follows the convention data type to data type. TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_NUMBER, ROWIDTOCHAR, CHARTOROWID, CONVERTHEXTOROW, RAWTOHEX, TO MULTIBYTE, TOSINGLEBYTE, CONVERT 33.What are the date functions? Date functions operate on values of the DATE data type. ADD_MONTH, LAST_DAY, NEXT_DAY, SYSDATE All date functions return a value of DATE data type, except MONTH_BETWEEN function returns a number.
34 . Missing?

35. What is a new_time function ? The new_time fuction tells u the time and date of a date column or literal date in other time zones.Currently this function works only for the zones between grenwich,England & Hawaii . Format : New_Time (Date,This,Other)

Date of this time Zone This will be replaced by a 3 letter abbrevation for the current time zone. Other will be replaced by 3 letter abrrevation of the other time zone for <= Ud like to know the time & date. 36.What is convert fuction ? Convert the character string string from the character set identified by the source set to the character set identified by the destination set.If source set is not specified it default to the character set of the database.

Convert(string,[dest_set , sour_set]) 37 what is translate fuction ? Its a simple fuction that does an orderly character by charater substitution in a string . Translate(String,if,then) Translate lock at each character in string , and then checks if to see if that character is there.If it is then it notes the position in if where it found the character and the looks at the same position in then.Translate substitution which ever character it finds there for the character in string. 38. What is Soundex fuction ? Soundex a string fuction is exclusively used in where clause it has the unusal ability to find words that sound like other words , Virtually regardless of how sound like is spelled .this is especially useful when u r not certain how a word or name is really spelled. Soundex(String) Select city,temp from weather where soundex ( city ) = soundex (sidney) Sidney 29 39 What is repklace fuction ? REPLACE Replaces a character or characters in a string with O or more characters. Replace(String.If,then) if is a charater or charaters.everytime it appears in string.it is replaced by the contents of then appears in string ,It is replaced by the contents of then replace(GEORGE,GE,null)=OR 40.what is floor fuction Returns the largest integer equal to or less than X. EX : floor(x) Floor(-2.3)=-3 41.What is INITCAP fun ? Initcap takes the initial letter of every word in a string or column and convert just these letters to uppercase. Select INITCAP(Name) from magazine ; 42. What is ASCII function? ASCII is an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange . It is a convention for using digital data to represent printable characters.The ASCII functin will return the ASCII value of the (left most) first of a characterin a string. The ASCII value of a character is an integer between 0 & 254 (0-127 well defined ,beyond that differ by country ,application & computer manufacturer). ASCII(string).

43. What is decode function? If translate is a character by character substitution ,DECODE can be considered a valueby-value substitution for every value it sees in a field,DECODE checks for a match in a seriess of if/then tests. DECODE(value,if 1,then1,if2,then2,if3,then3,......;else) select DECODE (feature,Sports,Games people play,movies,entertainment,feature)from news; Feature is the field name c has rows with sports C will be decoded to games people play and movies changed to entertainment,if it finds anything in the value ,then it eill use the value of feature. 44. What is Greatest Function? Returns the greatest expressions of its arguments. GREATEST(exp1,[,exp2],...) select GREATEST(10,7,-1) from dual; Greatest (10,7,-1)=10 Each Expressionis implicitly converted to the type of exp1 before the comparisons are made. If expr1 is a character type ,non-blank padded character comparisons are used, & the result has datetype varchar2. 45. What is Format model in Oracle? A format model is a clause thatr controls the appearance of numbers,dates & character strings..Format models for date columns are used in date conversions function such as ToChar, & To-Date. 46.Give five examples of number & Date Formats. The date formats used with both To-char & To-date format meaning. MM Number of months 12. DD Number of days in a month. D Number of day in the week:6 MON Three letter abbreviation of month Aug. YYYY Full four digit year:1946. Numeric Formatting Options $99999 Dollar sign placed in front of every number. 999v99 Multiplies number by 10 where n id no. of digits to right of v. ex: It returns 1234=123400 B99999 Displays a blank if value is zero. This a the default. 09999 Displays no.c leading zeros. 999990 Displays a zero if the value is zero. 47. What is an expression? An expression is any form of a column . This could be a literal,a variable ,a mathematical computation,a function or virtually any combination of functions & columns whose final result is a single value ,such as number,string or date.

48.What r the 5 forms expression ?

Leteral,Varaible,A mathematical computation, a functrion ,or vertually any combination of fuction Or vertuall any combination of fuction 49.What is condition ? Acondition is an expresio whose value evaluates to either T/F such as age > 65 . 50 .What is synonym ? A synonym is a name assigned to a table or a view may thereafter be used to refer it. CREATE SYNONYM synonym name for reference; Create sysnonym put for publisher. Creating a synonym does not grant any previleges on referenced objects it just provides at alternative name for objects . 51. What are seven forms of the conditions? Condition r used in If .. Then ,Exit ..When ,while ..Loop And the where clause of SQL stmts.Condition can be combined using logical operators AND , OR & NOT .They can be constucted using logical operators such as = , >= like, in, between

52. What are cursors? A. cursor is also a synonym for context area- a work area is memory where oracle stores the current SQL statement . Acursor is a handle or a pointer to context area threw a cursor a PL/SQL program can control the context area what happens to it as stmt is processed. 53. What is explicit cursor?How is it different from implicit cursor? A. In an explicit cursor the cursor name is explicitly assigned to a select stmt via the cursorIS stsmt.Processing and explicit cursor involves 4 steps. 1.Declare the cursor. 2.open the cursor for a querty 3.fetch the results into pl/sql variables 4.close the cursor for implicit cursor,the pl/sql engine takes care of these this four steps automatically. 54. What is embeded Sql ? Using the oracle precomplilers.SQL stmt and PL/sql blocks can be contained inside 3gl progs written in c,c++,cobol,fortran,pl1,ada The precompilers r known as pro * c , pro * cobol etc Such type sql stmt r called embeded sql 55.What is pl/sql? A. PL/SQl stands for procedural language/SQl. PL/SQL extends SQL by adding constructs found in other procedural languages such as variables and types control structures suchas if-then-else statements and loops procedures and functions It combines the power and flexibility of SQL(4GL) with the procedural constructs of a 3GL.

56. What are conditional constructs of PL/SQL? A. IF ... THEN.. ELSE... IF ... THEN ....... ELSIF... THEN.. ELSE ... END IF; 57. How is array defined in PL/SQL? A.

58. How to define a variable in PL/SQL? A. Variable name type[Constant][not null][:=value]; ex: v_description varchar2(50); v_number number not null; v_temp number not null :=0; 59. How to define a cursor in PL/SQL? A. Cursor allow a program to take explicit control of SQL statement processing. 60. What are the system exceptions? A. When- too-many-rows When-no-datafound 62. How to define our own exception in PL/SQL? A. User defined exceptions are declared in the declarative section of PL/SQL block. Just like Variables,exception have a type (exception ) and scope. ex: declare e_toomanystudents EXCEPTION; e_toomanystudents is an identifier that will be visible until the end of the block. 63. How is the performance improved by PL/SQL in ORACLE? A. Procedural Constructs are integrated seemlessly with ORACLE SQL, resulting in a structural powerful language. It combines the power and flexibility of SQL(4GL) with the procedural constructs of 3GL. 64. What is a schema? A. the overall design of database is called the schema. 65. What is a profile? A. a profile is a collection of settings in ORACLE 7, that limits database resources.Create Profile creates a set of limits on the use of database resources. you must have create profile system previlege in order to create a profile. You can associate a profile to user with the alter user command. Unlimited means there is no limit on particular resource. Default fix up the limit from the default profile which you can change through the alter profile command. 66. What are Roles? A. A role is a set of previleges that an ORACLE 7 user can grant to another user.ORACLE automatically creates several roles: CONNECT RESOURCE,DBA,EXP_FULL_DATABASE,IMP_FULL_DATABASE.

The first 3 roles provide compatibility with the prior versions of ORACLE, the last two roles let you use the import and export utilisation. 67. How do we alter user's password in ORACLE? A. You use ALTER USER to the change the user's password. To alter the user you must have alter user system previlege. 68. What is tablespace in ORACLE? A. Tablespace is file or a set of files that is used to store ORACLE data. An ORACLE database is composed of the system tablespace and possibilly other table spaces. A tablespace is an area of this compressed of one or more disk files. A table space can contain many tables,indexes,clusters. because a tablespace has a fixed size it can get full as many rows are added to its table. It can be expanded by some one who has DBA authority.

69. What is extent? A. Space is allocated to table,index or cluster in segments are compressed of contgeous sectors called extents. The extents that compuse segments are described in USER_EXTENTS. Here U can see the actual size of each extent with in the segments. Each table has a single area of disk space called segment set aside for it is the tablespace. Each segment in thus an initial area of disk space set aside for it in the table space called the initial extent. 70. What are PCTFREE & PCTUSED parameters? A. PCTFREE is a partion of the data block that is not filled by rows as they are inserted into a table, but is reserved for later updates made to the rows in that block. PCTUSED is the percentage of space in a data block, which ORACLE attempts to fill before it allocates another block. 71. What is a block in ORACLE? A. Block is the basic unit of storage(physical&logical) for all ORACLE data. The number of blocks allocated per ORACLE table depneds on the tablespace in which the table is created. The common block size are 512 bytes and 2045 bytes. ORACLE block size varies by Operating System and may differ from the block size of the host operating system. 72. What is client server architecture? Explain the different types? 73. What is segment in ORACLE? Explain different types? A. A segment is another way to classify the space allocated to a table, index or cluster. A table has one segment that consists of all of its extents. Every index has one segment similarly defined. Acluster has at least two segments, one for its data and one for its cluster key index. 74. What is the use of ROLLBACK segment? A. A rollback segment is a storage space with in a tablespace that holds transaction information used to guarantee data integrituy during a rollback and used to provide read consistency across multiple trnasactions. 75. What is read consistency is ORACLE? A. Read consistency is a state that guarantedds that all data encountered by a statement/transaction is a consistenent set through out the duration of the

statement/transaction. Set transaction starts a transaction. The standard SQL transaction guarantees statement level read consistency, making sure that the data from query is consistent while that statement is executing. Format: SET TRANSACTION {READ ONLY | USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT} 76. What is SGA? A. SGA is shared storage area in main or virtual memory (depending on your O.S) that is the centre of ORACLE activity while the database is running. The SGA provides communication between the user and the background processes .When an instance is started a no. of ORACLE background processes are started <= communicate with each other via shared memory known as SGA. 77. What are background processes? A. A background process is one of the processes used by an instance of multiple process ORACLE to perform and coordinate tasks on behalf of concurrent users of a database. The base processes are named ARCH(architecture) DBWR(database writes),LGWR(leg writes) PMON(processs monitor) and SMON (system monitor) and exist as long as an instance dues. 78. What is sytem userid? What does it have? 79.What is SYS userid? What does it have? A. SYS is one the DBA users that is created when a database system is insalled and initialized(theother is system). SYS owns most of the data dictionary tables while system owns the views created on those base tables. 80. What is a data dictionary in ORACLE? A. The data dicitonary is a comprehensive set of table and views owned by the DBA users SYS and system, which acturate when ORACLE is initially installed, and is a central source of information for the ORACLE RDBMS itself and for all users of ORACLE. The tables are automatically maintained by ORACLE and hold a set of views and tables containing information about database objects, users, privileges ,events and use. 81. What is SQLDBA? A. SQLDBA is an ORACLE utility used by DBA's while performing database maintenace and monitoring. 82. Who is Oracle Administrator? How is he different from DBA? A. A DBA is an Oracle user authorised to grant & revoke other user's access to the system,modify ORACLE options that affect all users and perform other administrative functions. 83. How to create a database? A. CREATE database command is used to create a database. A database is a set of dictionary tables and user tables that are treated as a unit. 84. What are database files? A. A Database file is simply any file used in a database. A database is made up of one or more table spaces , <= in turn are made up of one or more databased files. 85. What is a leg file? What is its significanance?

86. What is a control file? What is its significance? A. A control file is a small administrative file required by every database, necessary to start and run a database system. A control file is paired is a database, no with an instance. Multiple identical control files are preferred to a single file, for reasons of data security. 87. What is an initfile? What is its significance?

88. What does an update statement do? A. Update requires setting specific values for each column U wish to change and specifying which row or rows you wish to affect by using a carefully constructed where clause. 89. What does a delete statement do? A. Removing a row or rows from a table requires the delete command. The where clause is essential to remove only therows you intend . Deleted out a where clause will empty the table completely. 90. What does a select statement do? A.select is a keyword used in a query to ORACLE. Select understands the request and responds with the correct answer. 91. What does an insert statement do? A. The SQL commandinsert lets u place a row of information directly into a table. 92. How to create a table using select and insert statement? A. INSERT INTO table(col1,col2) select col1,col2 from table1. 93. How to delete duplicate rows in a table? A. Using ROWID.

94.What is an Instance? A.A Combination of the background process and the memory buffers is called an Oracle Instance.An Instance consists of processes,memory and operating system files all runing on the server. 95.What is Start Up and Shutdown? A.Start Up is the process of starting an instance ,Presumanably with the intent of mounting and opening a database in order to make a database system available for use.To shutdown is to disconnect an instance from the database & terminate the Instance. 96.What is Mounting of Database? A.To mount a database is to make it available to the Database Administrator. 97. Missing? 98.What are Snapshots? A.In order to improve the performance of an application that uses distributed data,You can make local copies of remote tables.ORACLE7 provides snaphots as a mean of managing local copies of remote tables.Snapsots can be used to replicate all or a part of a single table,or to replicate the result of a query against multiple tables,the refreshes of the replicated data can be done automatically by the database at time of intervals you specify.

99.What are Triiggers and Stored Procedures? A.A trigger difine as action the database should take when some databae related event occurs.A shared procedure is a procedure which can show in the database and run when appropriate.A new procedure is executed explicitily from another block via a procdural call ,you can also pass arguments.A trigger is executed explicitil whenever the triggering event happens and trigger does not accept arguments. 100.What are Packages? A.Packagers are PL/SQL contructs that allows related objects to be stored together.A package has two speciffic parts one is the spciffication part and other os the body .Each of them is shared separately in the data dictionary. 101.What is SQL* forms3.0? Is it a Client or Server? A. 102.What are different objects of SQL* forms? A. 103.What are Packaged Procedures? A .SQL * menu is a product whose primary function is to produce menus and menu trees that allow users to navigate easily thru ORACLE & other applications.In SQL* menus there are certain Packaged Procedures & are used in PL/SQL or on a menu item command line. Ex: Debug-mode turns the debug mode on or off. Main-Menu takes the user to the main menu of the application 104.What are different types of Triggers? A. There are 12 basic types of triggers.A trigger type is defined by the type of triggering transaction and by the level at you the trigger is executed. i) Row Level ii) Statement Level iii) Before & After 105.What is the difference between the restricted & Unrestricted packaged procedures ?

106.What are system variables in SQL * Forms? A.It keeps track of runtime status conditions during an Oracle Forms Runform session. 107.What are Global variables in SQL * Forms? A. Its value is accessible to triggers and subprograms in any module that is active during the current session.A global variable stores a character string of upto 255 characters in length. 108. What are Pages? A. A page is a unit of disk storage. 109. What is a Block? Explain different types? A. Block is a basic unit of storage(Physical&logical) for all ORACLE data. The no of blocks allocated per ORACLE table depends on the tableapace in which the table is created. The ORACLE block varies by O.S

And may differ from the block size of the host operating system. 110. What is a Server? A. 111.What are different types of field? A. In a table a field is the information stored at the intersection of a row and a column. Field is generally synonymous with a column but can also mean an actual column value. 112.What is Page Zero? 113.What does Message function do? A. Message(message-string,user-response); Displays the specified text on message line. 114. What does name in function do? A. Returns the value of the indicated variable. Name_in(variable name) If u nest the Name_in function ORACLE forms evaluates the individual name_in function from the inner most one to outer most one 115. What does CLEAR_EOL procedure do ? It clears the current text items value from the current cursor position to the end of the line. 116. What does ON_ERROR procedure do ? ON_ERROR trigger fires whenever Oracle forms would normally cause error message to display. Its used 1. To trap and recover from an error. 2. to replace a standard error message with a custom message. 117. What does copy function do ? Copy copies from a table to a table in another computer over SQL*NET FROM is the username,password and database of the source table and to is the destination table. Either FROM or TO may be ommited in casethe users default database will be used for the missing clause. 118. What is an ARRAYSIZE parameter ? ARRAY[SIZE]{20|n} will set the size of the batch of rows that SQL*PLUS will fetch at one time. The range is 1 to 5000. Larger values improves the efficiency of queries and subqueries where many rows will be fetched but use more memory. 119. What is GO_BLOCK function ? GO_BLOCK navigates to an indicated block. If the target block is non-enterable, an error occurs. Specifies the name you give the block when defining it. the data type of name is char. 120. What is ANCHOR_VIEW function ?

121. How to call a form from a form?

CALL_FORM,RUN_PRODUCT. 122. How to send parameters to another form ? Each parameter and its value must be in the parameter-list. Parameter lists are internal, three column data structures that contain the key(name), the type (Text-Parameter or Data_Parameter) and the value of each parameter on the list. 123. How to give automatic hint text for fields ? 1.In the Items Property sheet, Type the desired hint text in hint field. 2.Set Auto Hint Property to true to have Oracle Forms display the Hint text when the input focus enters the item. 124. How to see key map sequences ?

125. What is SYNCHRONIZE function ? SYNCHRONIZE updates the screen display to reflect the information that Oracle Forms has in its internal representation of the screen. 126. What is EXECUTE_QUERY procedure ? Flushes the current Block,opens a query and fetches a no of selected records. If there are changes to commit, Oracle forms promts the operator to commit them before continuing EXECUTE_QUERY Processing. EXECUTE_QUERY(keyword-one,keyword-two,locking); 127. How to customize messages in SQL*FORMS ?

128. How to define fields in WYSIWYG format ?

129. What is ON_INSERT trigger ? How is it different from PRE_INSERT ? ON_INSERT fires during the post and commit transactions process. Specifically, It fires after the PRE_INSERT trigger fires and before the POST_INSERT trigger fires, where Oracle forms would normally insert a record in the database. It fires once for each row that is marked for insertion into the database. 130. What is the difference between a trigger and a procedure? A trigger defines an action the database should take when some database-related event occurs. While sophistication business rules and application logic can be store as procedures and comprise of group of SQL\PL/SQL statements that are performed within the database and by the server. Its procedural code is stored within the database and is fairly static, onell benefit from the reuse of the same queries within the database. Triggers are similar to procedures in that they are named PL/SQL blocks with declarative, executable and exception handling sections. However a procedure is executed explicitly from another block via a procedure call, which can also pass arguments. A trigger is executed implicitly whenever the triggering event happens and a trigger doesnt accept arguments. 131. How to call a stored procedure from inside a form?

One difference between PL/SQL procedures for oracle forms and procedures for the database is that server-side procedures do not understand references to oracle forms bind variable (:block.itemname). Any data that procedures need for processing must be passed into the black box by way of parameters of appropriate data type or by package variables. Oracle forms has to be structured user named routines to accept inputs and return results in parameters. 132. What are v2 triggers? Specifies the type of trigger, either built-in or user-named. User-named triggers are appropriate only in special situations and are not required for most application. Eg., Execute_trigger(my_user_named_trigger); 133. How to rename a form? 1. 2. 3. 4. Select file Administration Rename to invoke the Rename dialog. Enter the name of the module you want to remove in old field Enter the new name for the module in the new-field Press ok.

130. What is a pop-up page? How to define one? 131. What is a group in SQL*Report writer? 132. How do you define parent-child relationship in Report Writer? 133. What is a rowcount function in Report writer? 134. How do you define matrix report A matrix layout is like a grid so fields go across the page, some fields go down the page and some cell appear where the across and down fields correlate. Header and footer frames are created to enclose boilerplate labels and summaries. Repeating frames, fields and boilerplate text are also created. 135. How do you execute a report from within a form? Run_Product(Product,document,commode,executemode,location,list,display); 136. What are exp and imp utilities? Export is the Oracle utility used to store oracle database data in export format files for later retrieval into an oracle database via import. Import is the Oracle utility used to retrieve oracle database data found in export format files into an oracle database to import i.e., to use the import utility to move data from an export file into database tables. Knowledge server ip address 208.199.59.220