DDS&r

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MEMORANDUM FOR:

Deputy Director

for Administration

FROM

Leslie C. Dirks Deputy Director for Science and Technology

Records About Drug Experimentation

SUBJECT :
REFERENCE
Z

Your memorandum dated 3 0ctober l97B;

subject

nffi

same

This memorandum with attachments constitutes my response to paragraph 2 of reference which calls for a report describing thiL Diiectorate's search of records pertaining to drug experimentation and to paragraph 3.b which t equests a pharmacological evaluation of EA-3167.

1.

0TS records contain no additional unredrug-related documents. The only additional steps which 0TS vealed can suggesl are to obtain assurance from the Records Center that no materiii whose onigin is unidentified might have escaped review and to physically inteiview all persons who had a role in activities assbci'atea witfr "the safehouses in New York and San Francisco" to possibly deveiop information leading to the identification of test subjects.

certain as he can be that

of the offices currently in the DDS&T have been involved in irug experimentation -- 0TS and ORD. Attachment I is a memorandum from the Director,0TS which states that D/OTS is as

?.

0n1y two

Attachment 2 is a lengthy package of documentation compiled primariiy concerning Project QFTEN. In th'is package,-0RD by ORD rlstatei its eai"lier conclusion that the preponderance of evidence oointt to the fact that no human testing took p'lace under the CiAsponsored OFTEN/CHICKWIT program. QRD also states that it is very ui'tttety there are any undiscovered records pertaining to drug iesting-whether Agency-sponsored or otherwise. For those intent on prritiig tf,. OffEfl isiue'further, I see two possible avenues: (1) Airange-for the U.S. Army to review its drug-testing program at Edgewood Arsenal which involved human subiects; (Here I would urge that tt.-O.p.rtment oi ,luitice levy this tisk on the Army direct'ly) and (2j S.bt to interview those fbrmer Agency employees who may have knowi.lg"-rrfficient to iesolve the ling6ring ambiguity regarding CIA's role.

3.

61

lFr
were carried out under our sponsorship. 0n the bther hand, if further.fnvestigation should indicate that this be'lief is incorrect, we would be wiliing to attempt to arrange for an authorized organizition to.cgrry out such an evaluation under fully approved conditions. we would hope that such an evaluation would not-relirire testing involving human subjects.

(Thj: would require, in-my yiew,a poiicy decision by the Director.) Last'ly, -in consonance with ORD's views, I feel it wbuld be r.nappropriate for ORD to conduct or sponsor a pharmacological evaluation of EA-3167, because we believe no tests of this compound on humans

Deputy Di rector

ESLIE

E.

DIRKS

Science and Technology

for

Attachrnent: (2)
As stated

,H
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(,,
I'EI4ORAND{IM FOR:

Oc't tqrg)

DDS&T

Executive Officer

ATTENTION
SUBJECT
REFERNNCE

Records about Drug ExperimenLation

Memorandum

from John Blake. dated 3 october LyB, DDA If (DDS&T

_ 1. (U) OTS- has completed a docr:ment-by-document (not folder-by-folder) review- of all ors hard records held "oiy at the -Agency Archives and REti-red Records cLnter. A1so, the index list of all microfilm and microfiche was examined. -and-potentially_relevant frames were individualry reviewed. Moving picture films located were projected. Knbwledgeable persons _from each ors component wiih holdings at Archlves and the Records center participated in this-review and were guicied by a 57-page "watch list" of names and subjects of interest provided by oGC. rn addition, all participants \,rere well briefed and otherwise sensitized to our acute interest in drugs and behavior modification. All 0TS records known to exist at the Records center have bg-"9 thor_oughly searched. I am as certain as it is possible to be that these records contain no significant information on MKIILTRA, Iff(SEARCH or othe::r,vise named information on drugs and human experimentation. 2. (U) Months prior to the OTS Records Center search, al1 branch chiefs were tasked to search their locarly-held files for drug or questionable activity documents. Iqo such documents were found. The locally-held 0TS files are believed free of unrevealed drug-related documents. 3. (U) In summary, I am as certain as I can be that OTS records contain no additional unrevealed drug-related documents. If I knew where one additional file migfrt lurk, I certainly would have searched for it. It is cou,ceivable that there exists a paper or report dealing with drugs, couched in such terms that its subj ect matter was noi immediately obvious to reviervers; however, if so, there is nothing further I can do to find it. I believe it highly unlikely that any unrevealed drug-related document of-any significance is in OTS files.

SUBJECT: Records about Drug Experimentation

4. (u) could information on ors drug-related activ_ ities exist elser,rhere in the Agepcy? The"DDo has-conducted a record search similar to our-oi,rn. There ,".*"-.rotrri"g--m.ore-they ca1 fo. OSI participated in the early y."r" of the drug ac_tiviry. rt ieems ..rttlit ery they ro..rii iol".r= any unrevealed documents; -but, for ahded !s"rrr"rr"L,' too shourd be_ queried. Finaliy, assurance shourd bearr.; obtained from the Records center that ,"t";i;l-aeposited bl oI9 "ri -there.had all personnel is included-on-ors shelf risls. r have marerial identifiable oi-ois-;;g;i|"""" searched. rt ir Fy understanding that this i"ci"a." arl ", boxes .d"pgsited there by ors p.rEorrrr;i. - F;=h;;;-;; should also obtain the Record benter"s that no material is in their pogsession which is """rrr"rr". to ponent of origin, and which rnightunidentified as escaped "o*therefore have
everyone's search...

5.- (u) r have found no indication that any records or information exists other than that arread.y ii,.r."i.a to all proper authorities, including the congreis, on 'ithe safehouses in New york and san riancisco,fr-ir..'ai"g" leged to have been used there, or on the identity-Ei althe alleged ro have been'drugged rhere. Tha "y_bjeclg sible crA initiative remaining to"issure that "rrry to"po"sible efforts have been made to att6rnpt to identify "ii i."t'subj;;;" and to develop, information on the activities-which tooic place within these safehouses would be to interview all persons who had any role whatsoever in their use or management. For those formerly associated with the project who are now deceased (_Ge-o5ge-hlhite, for example) any iiritten records _tf-.y_ left behind should, if possiurL, be examined. rt is unlikely that such an efforr wbuld identify subjecrs, but it would demonstrate the thoroughness and sinceriiy of our efforts.

David S. Brandwein Director Office of Technical Service

I
MEMORANDUM FOR:

OcT t9i8

Deputy Director for Science and Technology

SUBJECT
REFERENCE

:
:

ited Memorandum for Deputy Director for Science and Technology, From: Deputy Director for Administr ation, Subj ect: Records About Drug Experimentation, Dated 4 Octo ber 1978
OFTEN/CHI CKWIT Revis

1. Three questions involving two separate issues--one an issue of accountability, the other a noral issue--must be addressed ln-responding to the referent concerning the OFTEN/cHrclffIT Progian. ftre first of those questions concern5the issue 5f accountability to whether or not "r human-testing occurred under Agency sponsorship. The moral issuey' appears in the other two qubstions of wirether a'rry human- subj ects were voluntary or involuntary participants and whether there was medical fo11ow-up. The- latter two qye:tions are more rerevant to a commitment to identify, find, and notify persons who may suffer adverse effects from If all subjects in tests involving !1"_pqlticipation. EA 3L67 were volunteers and there was medical fo1low-ip, the question of sponsorship and thus the responsibility isiue becomes less important. rf, as we believe, Do human testing took place under Agency sponsorship, w face no moral issuel 2. As stated below and as evidenced in the attachrnents, our file materials do not prove conclusively whether or not the glycolate com ound EA 3167 was adninistered to hunan sub j ects as was planned under the Agency- sponsored OFTEN/CHI CKWIT program.

Dorvngrade

to U/IJUO when removed from attachments

-

tr4
ited 3. Significantly, however, the few documents in our fi1es, dlth5ugh anbiguous concerning who !Pon-s9red the-testitg, contain specific ref6rences to "volunteer" subjects and to expendituies for medical fo11ow-up-. Our conclusion that the prbgrat tas terminated before the human tests occurred is bi.Ea upon: the reported positive assertion-by the.Chief of the Medical Research Division, Biomedical Laboratories under done falerood Arsenal, that no human, subject work was of testing with Agency, and the absente of reports contract and test results. 4. As regards the June l-973 testsr-we have nothing in our records to indicate such testing took p1ace. In fact, all documentation available to us consistently cites of the .ranuary Lg73 as the ternination. our first knowledge of an June tests came on 15 September 1977, during a review index of Army drug experinent materials that was prepared for submission to Senate Committees. 5. The following paragraphs and the attachments elaborate on the precEding parigraphs and levisit our many revi ews and previ'ous f indin'gs c6n-c-erning tltu OITEN/ CHI CKWIT added,new has Aithough 1itt1e 5r ;;"t".ir. -tfri.! memorandum af,dresses the nothingset forth beenthe referentin topics 6. Apart from the many document-s we have created in response t-o official_ inquiries and a half dozen or so which other r"tL found in "irnprobabie" files being reviewed for materials ;;;;orrr, we have itot discovered any OFTEN/CHICKWIT b;t;"d thore originally found in relponse to the internal Agl,".y reviews preparatory to the "R-ockefeller Commission" tfie "Church' Coilrnitteei' investigations. Subsequently, "ia materials were made available in their -entiIgtl f,or those review by personnel from Edgewood Ar-sena1 and staff Members Scientific Research. ;i-;h; r6n'nedy Subcommittee bn Health and were provided goth the Edgeirood and subcommittee groups unsanit ized. copies of everything they chose from among the boxes of 0FTEN/CHICKI\IIT materials. 7. Based upon the many searches we have conducted, aly unsurfaced we consider it ,rLry unlikely that there are whether Agency drug testing pr-ograms iecoras pertaining.'1e ;;;";oi"'a or otheiwise. -Those s6aiches have been in response t; the DCI's ca11s for information on possible Que:tionable Activities, the Rockefeller Comrnission, the several Congressional
SUBJECT

OFTEN

CHI

CKt'lIT Revis

s{

syFEr
SUBJECT: 0FTEN/CHICKWIT Revisited

investigations, numerous searches in response to FOIA requests as well as a review of our holdings at tire Records center. In addition to physical searches,-institutional ,"*ory used in the earlier periods--in tte time since the iirst *r, ::el-c_l9-t__!9g?r all who were directly knowledgeable ot OFTEN/cHrcKwrr-periods either retirLd or transferred. the our most recent endeavor involves a document-by-document search of some 130 boxes of records seeking naterialr r"rporrsiye to an FgrA request for behavioral reseirch activities. we are committed to have that search completed by late Novemb"r-igzg.Even then we will not be able to terti ty inat every il"!r;document has been discovered. _completibn of that ,"ar.fi, however, will add to our already high confidence that no entire research programs have b'een 5verlooked.

lr,:

{1

!h"-Agency but there is nothing to corroberate such speculation. It is noteworthy, however, that the references to human sybjec!: include the word "volunter," thus signifying that t!" -subj ects were not tested without their knoitedge iegardless of who may have sponsored the tests. Furthermorer-AttaEhment {' pa-rag-raph 8, contains the statement that "Expenditures for the human testing program were gradualry rehuced as subjects were cleared lrom tl" progian duriirg !h" necessary P9!.!.:.Iest - fo11ow-up observationil ind examination period. "' Again: a :iglificant statement regardless of who *ay have sponsored the tests.

8. After -these many exhaustive searches, which have equally gyhaus.tively reported upon, w cannot prove :glclusively that the Edlewobd Arsenil Research Lab'oratories did not conduct Agency s!9nsored. testing of the gry-olate compound 3767 on human sirul ects. paragiaphs s aia' g of lttachment A, 3s well as tire last p"r.!t"i,hr on pages z and 3 of Attachment B (the latter two para[rairrs app'eai to be based upon Attachme"l.4), clearly indiEat^e ttiat'hunan testing on human volunteers did occur;_ the sponsorship is not indicaled. ---Since trre are m_entioned, one could speculate that tI-J tests were done for "ariiirir"iion
been-

9. Our conclusion that Agency sponsored testing on did not occur is bbsed largely on paiagraphs 2 of Attachment C in-T-liich the Chief of the iirvorvba nlvi^sion quoted as being -at Edgew-ood is was performed positive that no work on human subjects unber contract with the Agency.
humans probably

5ECRET

srfrrr
SUBJECT: OFTEN/CHICKWIT Revisited

Our conclusion is supported by the fact nothing other than At t achrnent s A and its that we have found derivative Attachment B which relates an results of administering the conpoundf of Attachment D which is dated in tgZO_ Detore we transferred money to Edgewood-_reteri to The

*s'i:thememorandum.R".''-i-"'ofEA-3@dyiinitacnnent D) is discussing the referred to in ,'prev:-ousry acquired by A :- 9lEa EA 3167 study has suifaced in our fi1 es .
10. Thus, while we know that $37,000 was transferred to Edgewood Arsenal R.esearch Laboratori"s to tuna-iesting of glycolate compgq1d:- -specifically EA g !67 , the only compound identified--aira while tuir know ttrit ;;rii;; humans ya: planned, w do not believe trr"-rr"*""-i"3t, on had occurred by January r973, when^our sponsorship_-or-trre fiogr.* was terminated. The January rg73 teinination^ daie appears i1 plrasraph 8 of Attachment A as well as in the last page of Attachment B. Furthermore, Attachment E consists of several financial documents-including a memorandum izi-sss which is the^ldgewood Activity) that"extends the contract to 15 January I973. t'lo further extensions have been found. and ('a1so :l:,.q:1t::I_ly Progresr nanpower or part of Attachrnent E) s.!ow, no changes in totalf"ports tlrst quarter of calendar year Lg7S. total costs after th; 11. we were unaware of the June tests of EA 3167 until 15 september lgzz. paragraph 3, rg73 G, of Aitachment Tab F reports on the discovery of ihat iniormEEron .rra-gou, to quo_!e fron an index-1ike document covering materiars on in 4try files that was provided by the office oi the-Ainy llrpector General. Attachrnent G was written following 2! september 1977_ !"qrings at which the Generar counserthe for Ih"- D-epartment of DefensE testif ied to the subcommiitee on Health and scientific Research concerning the June \gzs testing.

,r

seftl

syr(lr

sy;x{r
SUBJECT:
OFTEN/CULCKWIT

Revisited.

12. I{e have found nothing whatsoever in -u"r"a c-oncerning those tests- -our toial knowledge-i, our records the_Army JG document frorn which the DCr qiotud "po, 27 september rg77 hearing. we "i-ir," the tests occurred because tfre Army,"f'ort"a them and it is "..upi-tir" fact that gnlikely _such a report would have ["u" nade unress the fact of the t_estin! was well estabii;h"e:--r;-^;;;!pting the f act of tl".l tes-ting, however, we--atso accept irr" staternent that "...these tests weie funded by tf," arry RDTE funds and were not connected in any way with the CIA proj ect. " 13. As stated ir paragraph 3a of the referent, cHrcKWrr was a progran to a{uire infoinaiio"-;t;;;-ioreign pharmacer.rticals- and no testing was invorved. That is of :Tg1-1- cons 9gygnce, however, b6caus e the f iles of f ro3 OFTEN and cHrcKwrr were so intermingled. that we h;;; not ".i, been able to separate the docurnenii'a"ii"itivery. -',n,s a result we have combined thern as OFTEN/CHIcKwrr to, ForA releases. As a matter of fact, all except attachments F qnd G to this rnemorandum are among the oFrrru/cHicrwir documents that have been cleared ior release in sanitized form to FOIA requestors. 14- llie cannot add anything about the June beyold what has.already be-en stlted above and in l-g73 tests attachnents F and G. Likewise, we cannot provide a meaningful pharmaco_ logical _evaluation of EA sl67 .' As noted .uove]-ihe'*aterial in our files concerning test results is lirnitel to appears in attachrnents A, B, and D. Thus, w wouldwhat to have totally on f"1y us to obtainEd-gewood for a pharmacological evaluation. For the informatioir necess.t! to make-such an evaluation, it_might be necessary to conduct tests on humans. since we have found no names of lruman test subj".ir-that we can tie to the,OFTEN/CHICKWrr activities, w reliant upon Edgewood to provide them. Apartwould. be totarrv from ail""vvq4r/ statement regarding. "The_protocol used by- E{sewood_in enlisting volunteers. . . " which b_egins at the bottom of "page z and. continues on pagg -3 of attachmen-t B, we have no"knowledge of the extent to- w[ich volunteer subj were mad.e aware of po-ssi!iJ ity,of aftefef f ects. - "6ti Edgewood. is the only ll" first-hand knowledgeable-source of a1i of these items 6ecause they either conducted the tests or arranged for contractors to conduct them.

sErt
SUBJECT:
OFTEN

/ CIIICKWIT Revisited

15. A11 of our project oFTEN/cHrcKWrr files were made available in their entirety to reviewers from the Department of Army (two were from Edg-ewood Arsenal and had been- associated. with the Laboratories during the research) as rve11 as to staff members from the Senate subcommittee on Health and scientific Research. Both groups reviewed all of the material and were_ given copies bf all documents they requested.. Attachment H is the letter- of transmittal of the materiats requested by the Department of Army reviewers 16. Among the OFTEN/CHICKWIT materials is a box of computer tapes 1abeled, "0rigina1 human clinical data from Edgewood!' which contains the names of individuals. Because we no longer have the particular computer progran used with those tapes, w cannot interpret the data on thern. We can 9n1y "dump" the content which, apart frorn the names and dates--some of which predate the-establisfunent of this 0ffice--is unintelligible. As noted in Attachment r, reconstruction of the program would be costly if it were possible. 17. In preparing materials for tbe "Church Committee,,' we had ODP make i parliat "dump" prinfout of each tape. We used those printouts to verify that ac1ua1 content of- each numbered tape was consistent with our records center shelf listing indexes. A11 of those partial "dumps'r were made available to the Church Conrnittee investigators and were among the materials provided to the two reviewing groups froq Edgewood and the Senate Subcommittee Staff. During their review, the people from Edgewood indicated that they had located the EARL counterpart of those tapes. They acknowledged that the data base included human test information but did not state what kind of testing had been involved. No mention at all was made concerning the presence or absence of EA 3167 test information. They intimated, however, that the individuals narned were being contacted for fo11ow-up nedical examinations as part of an on-going Army program. 18. In view of the above, f suggest that the DCI request assistance from the Secretary of the Army. A rough draft of a letter is contained in Attachment J. The first and main objective for requesting such assistance is to insure medical fol1ow-up to determine any long-term effects

,y,u4t
SUBJECT: OFTEN / CHICKI\IIT Revisited

that the tests may- have had upon the test subjects without r-egard to who may have sponsoied the tests. The second obj ective is to resolve tfre lingering ambiguities concerning these defunct activities.

Director of Research and Development

Attachments: See attached listing

ATTACHMENT A:

Memorandum, For: Director of fE-, Research and Development, Subject: Summary of Project OFTEN Clinical tests at Edgewood, signed by the then AC/LS/ORD/DDSqT, dated

29 May I97 3 .

ATTACHMENT B:

ATTACHNIENT C:

Entitled INFLUENCING HUMAN BEHAVIOR, originally a response to a DCI call for "questionable activities" subsequently used as an attachment t/ to a memorandunr from the Director of Research and Development to the Office of the Inspector General. lvlemorandum For the Record, Subject: Trip
Report /Ed1ewood

ATTACH}4ENT D: ATTACHMENT E:

the Director o Research an evelopment, dated , L? Feb. 7975. Memorandum for: Sub j ect: Review of EA 3167 Study, dated 23 June 1970 Memorandurn for Deputy Chief of Staff for -, Logistics Department of Arny, Subject: Extension of Contract Date, 7L-535 Amendment #2, from , dated
10 Nov 1972.

the

and

ATTACHMENT F

ATTACHMENT

ATTACHMENT H

For the Record, l-, Subject: Review of DoD Materials for Submission to Senate Committee (Hearings beginning 20 Sept. ) , Dated 19 Sept. 1977. Memorandum For: , Subj ect: Review and Comments on Testimony Before the Senate Subcommfttee on Health, dated 18 Oct. L977, Memorandum For: Office of Inspector General, Subject: Transmittal of Project OFTEN/CHICKWIT Materials to DoD.
Memorandum Memorandum For:
DCI

, From: DDSGT; Subj ect: in Project OFTEN/CHICKWIT Files -, Rough draft of a proposed letter fron the DCI ATTACHMENT J to the Secretar y of the Army requesting that individual's as sistance in: 1) insuring medical fo1low-up for t est subjects without regard to who may have sp onsored the tests; and 2) Tesolution of t he lingering debate about sponsorship. * Releas ed in sanitized form under FOIA.
ATTACHMENT

five t:isoners (F.cl_-.r..,_, Stete !rison, lio'l-esbury, pa. ) liltp=rr-..i:t.=1, vclu;.eer"=;:.,il* _e_ra EiSeucod pro;raa ;ere tested. !o.,h -,ne o"J.ra t..e trars_i"==: :cutes vere fou:rd. to be effect,ive vi."h slt:-_c.:s las*,ing uo to six,i..eei:s.

5. T\'en'ry h,:-an vof.J.:t.,ee: subJects,

:iff

5- conce:ning counte:=ea3ures, cer-.ain fr-esh-co1ored. tapes sere rcund to orotect asainst -abso:r.i.i-oi -g,;e;'.n*r",lin e*_ld rn"
r957_r o_Fo estab'r ished.

7. fn adoition to .,he above e contract th:ough iisevood. r^,i.,h !:o.l-g-in

for the

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3:J:i:i":,:'^l:::l_Tl-t"'i : ?he iocus,,.., on'",1;;;ii;;";;;:"_*; i"-i-" ei :'-';; ; rlr=" -i'; ";;. :l'IE:.:i : l]3: lll. ; l. Ir 11: I 1. $i : f.?o e-;o oa a' 5i; "".. "-:;' 1;n-': :f ; o:' -l:
;

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d:-ugs end on

ihe coll_ection of -s:pf"s.--

B. Agency sulirori of boih cfinical tes-,ing of E.1,,--,315T erd of the collection of inforilaiioathe a::d. se-:res of 1.o:eign on. oeveropnents r;as terc.inat,eo in Jaruary !gT3. Th" -3a6,OOO -r:ersier.u4't'f-"-. Edgevooc in 7972 iof "'' enta:gla foreig,, "ori""tion dra'"rr in ia',uary \973. !::oencitures for the hura.:n effc=-., ;as vith_ testlng rere Sraduar-l-y reiuced as subjects rer-e ciearec fro; the lr.oglp,n !ro6.t curing ti:e necessary lcst-test fol-'ror--u'o observaticna'r ard e::-ination leriod'. A3ercy involve=ent in the abovi aciivities vas closeJ_y he1d. at all tines.

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ATTACHMENT

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FO,R

THI

RECCRD

Sl-:3iiCT: Trip Report/tdgcrvocd Arsenai

February ' 0n 6(3,n1) r g75 ,r.-yrtsi ted Ed1+ewoecr Arseni,r Rcssar.ch : Labcrat'ries rir ile oJrporu of crir:r il,i,,g of wcrk co;icuctec oy Fog.*ooi'lo"-tr,.'ng.r.y'.lnri.,r ii,.-,,utrr.-ina c.xtsnt pr.oject i,azl, (u's' Arnv cJssisnaii"i. ";;;;.i; c;irri'i'oi'tii, rt'rr iie r.,.ii-rer Task 03 tren::ci in e'ri stirrri r crcu_
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'qsencr'-iii!s, ana o r i porio;ine'r.-di-re.irv"inr.r ihe research have-suSs.q;.;tii-::i!,,1;,A$;:;: ved :.riih The reiea..n,,.'n quesricn, a p:'ri or- o.cjsct OFTEN,' u.r iarried out !ct.v:!:n Jri':uary 1973' Agency t..orir in,licat*-irrii'iinr Ferrr-uary ryTr and. vras requestec to r'ici'k on this prciEct cn +-.loiu.."y r97i a;J-ti,L'1" charg,.s ceased to cease ,quar.ter aga:nst il:e co;trac_t after.-tfr."l.n".ij)_f,pir-t" be;-uace in .I973. /il thcuch ssT,ccc rves orisinairt;iio..'t.a, 0 cxpen,Jed $27 , ti;e of ternjraijon. .-. _ . . veu rL ;;;"p;;;,iiuti,ua cxp?nr.red g27,.35a ai.Lhe

by t:he niur,iyl-i.o :;rfrI;"ji'Eiriir.i; *;iHirn:fo tf.r=ii ituj;.oi, oruf ad::rjnistraijon .s,1u;'ects. =,:.ll ;.d in-aeii"; r"' uni-otn.i-p.iiir,;c behavi * L-^^ 3=]:,1,.T9,,: j,i, l=il:. i-l i:r;::;' :. f !; li':r] :: I j,rr,j i i;; li i i :,, .f;.
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?.' irre net tE .sgrrr,crr-rald rr-rtr--, all of Edge,,,,coC. fn"-ii.i"" , <ttt Ut fCge'r,,OOC. T l. g;si of crur disi;ussion .isEfol lcvrs. pi-evious l.rork ui'i.iiir,,,oc (lct -;;;;:;, .roonscrec'
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ti i'' i = -' = ; ;; il :' ;ril;:iu;r i:ent of the necersss ry prersqu i s l' te r :ir:::i, :!ii';;ii!.:i',13 !' r:, : i;r,ro "o. l'i'i', ; -.r,5"0 ana lyti r'.a i .r J i' .rlr,oi;r.::i:i:ii on The puroose of iho :A nCe res:arch was to jr:vesti-gate 9 -'itcl'6^+--r-'I P-L:ll;ld. the of EA3l6 7 c'vl I I iO r o ns an d { fron hcih c> .F - L Lq u c 5 se es st UIJJ ints, since it l'Jls l:ncr.,n (^' th a JW I'i L C t.rcF -rr9 a iveiy ki ng r.; i!lL hs i lar c onpcu;l ds. '[hrce tl;lt L:='aa aA^ r+ ^J + ias ks
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Est.inatJon of _the
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various

c.

or-ire'.ilrli..r of iI.3l67 tn to r.abr,jrjiil*recr

Eh.!lf,7.

fraction

fron

of

*;.ly-'rjii ;_;;=;i.:':;::
c

neYer achieveil. Ti -"r,,rl'"'.,

o;.nl;;:,]:r,";l:
I g I vr-,ttl

anaiyiic teci :l_i^::iisfactory p.ii'.it'ony hnique fcr [/,3.l57 l{ZS r.t ti.r/ noi c ny u un'i que s trr::,t illn?iio.9:::, :;,,Jj,^i]l:x,l:: 'ccnti;;;.i;;;.,:';.;1,;ii,i:,;,:lii;i:iiJ in blrbi tura tes. lar)y
ru
"J

ti

es

Slniiar guiriii_

technlcues, an i

.6.Becauseofthe'.inabi]ftytodeI:]"p,..*".'...

i5t;';iiojold.ihe'i most'
Ecce:';ccd psr-'onner

;::--^9-:llUJ=ui:",yl,:q,ffibut,,ljti;..:,JJl/{"lli:Jlleo.ll1srcst.o Agencv-funied r;cr-k i;-J..;;;;r'iiri'-;i^"Hrlire-tc:'i;rinai'!c,n oi'ir.-'

('L'
;

ri-n6t'i'lt, or t,

rrun..-ii'rtiir"Ji,

hanc

7'
t-'

ar

..

. .
.:

..-,

r{e

ar iit:iixi il:'il::ieffaiii:JlS.i'i*ll:;lj:,i;.1=iil'il;=i;;, repe*s natui'e is"''inu,T:_?;-tn*-p."j..t.iir'o=r'r*t'{r,;i'i;{

#;i'i:;:'-l'iinli..ili'ilf,l*:"*ii.l,';l;l!."ijL:liii:;J,:T;c,assiri.1
:;' i vivlaulyrnee.):pl(:natiorr. rsne;5er the reasol for uciitionu]_:t,!..ri:'io''tnu Dr.
anci r=l ated Cccunrentaticn

a'rso'dfscussad't'g:i.::: accr,::,nta.]:i ,r;,uli . of trris_''"r"..i -.a.tl i;;;;;;.;"ihur th= ;;;i'*rui.,..ti,u,^ .ior=i,i. :_.. ...:. guarded
i,,.i!-n=u.r.

p".;.".d..

t;1l .:: =::::).; coiffiarring the firs-r

..'-.-.

j; i x;fii'iil;r'iijr:i.-:
j.::

.,,
.'
_.

. ,. i: :-."'

Director

Fleseal.ch

and

Dcre j oprr.:nt

ATTACHMENT

I riFL

u:lic

iic

tiu:.::,1

3:11;"'l0R

ACTIViTY
'Ln

Drug Research

PiOcMil - To de'e1op r';ays for predictably infr uencing hu;an behavior rough the us e o f Crugl.
The-drug

:::::rch prograrn began in Fy-r956 program. The-program objective-r.ras r.ri1.l u propcsed Behavjora.l capabil i ty to nanipuiate hunin-uetravi;;-in ,to cever op an Agency a predictaotu i!.nu,. through the use of drugs._ Exa;p];i;; op.iutional. i-itr=tjons nish',- het p rrere interrogeti.; ,;i;;;i;;;,'oin.,rution rthere use of druos of guarded areus] col'ert action, and para,iilitary operatjons.
Pharmacol ogy

cane i::1,||:roii:.t:i?::i]., ,,i ..J rhe surit_ni=-hao ueen-;;j;;t;; because oi_

envisioned that r,;ou'ld, of drugs and chenicat ..rpounis nauinj J=rir.a consist of the acquisition b=;;;i;;u;'eiiects, testinq and e'arua"ino these matei-i.ii-tn.;;;; ''pio,"ising. ;;i;:;; .nd secondary procedures end toxicctosical conpounis from :ir;;;;: t":re to be cr jnjcally s,,,6ruated with-hu_ai-rrs:ects. testi i,iih anjnars ii;u; proposed ihat when testins riith^hurnan -r,ouia, -n.r..rch :ror=..r, ',u, ;;q;;r;;-ihe testi jointly r+i'"h the cheni.ur be done and-i.u=io-p"ent Arsenat Research^!:i?.uioli.r-iilari;-.;;,ti!"u.!. Laboratory, Edger.rood Army. Su5stances pcien'"ial use' uncovered in -ieitingi 'u,=lJ io"u. furthe-r-st.uciurai iv of analvzed so that nsrv deriuutiu.t *iii, !..uier-utiiity couia-je synthesized. samp'res of drugs.and ch=i:ricars obtained fron drug ind pnuiru..raj;.jfor testing in the program r,rere ..rr;;;;;r, govern;eni asencies li jll, FDA, and vA), rssear.i, iuir.atories,' and oti ii i.r".r.rrli,, ,ori (EAp,L,
The progranr

A Fhased program r'/as

l'ras nade up of projects OFTEIi and CIJIC*,,'T. project 0iT!l,l deal i y.'ith the 'uestinq of behlviorai ;;; icxicorogical erfects bf drucs in aninals and ultincielv in hunani; Fio:i.t Ci{iCi*ilT, ,,rith ihe acquisitjon of jn and- sanples of 'nur-1.u9 developnsnis in Europe and the Fa :ti,*:ion r LC) L.

' A special revierv panel vrith r:r:nbers fronr to cversee'uhe res..r.i, pi.si.r end to assiii ORD end rsD rres organized in the selection of con_ pcunis for- ','estf ng- paner ,r.r.-n=ij psriodicar ly icr procress rep:rts and procram cuidance. on"i.r.iir' "=ut.ing, o...r.ions including the Dir, the i-=irii',,e Director/cc;:tro) uoper nan:genent 1er, DDp, and the Dils&T v;ere briefed on tire;;;;
research progran.

The principal ccntractor un!3r project

i,ill;rl"
nation

;ffir,::':i,i;::l';l.]ti.ii''tioni..ii-ln,FY-l955(iuciel)and j'j j,": r; i :i' :; j;il'lx" t i. HF5:i: iiii, ff:,':r : ; :ij:, 5i= :,, -.o,po;lgi_ r.ur I ;' progressed' addjtjonal;#;l :li li ;i",i:!lJi :;:, ;linj;, :j;::#;..,. secondary_screening jiocedures were
cn en

OFTiil:gs._

to testins

iitroduced

'.ith

r,rho proviCe? inforon ner.r drugs and chemical s and ass isted in testing of s e I ected ner,l drugs and the screening and cheni cll s.

n'-l9il and r,ras January 1973.

,or derivatives for project OFTEN r,ras done by e jrii'*orl, be-can in mid also termi nated r,ri.Z). Their f th the directiu. ironl the DCI in
(Tabi

druos

several I i terature surveys

contract (Tab1e 3).

Fr'- I

for the program

jnciei a personal p e rfo rned services: in

Associa 967 r.ri th il'i.]l:1.50::,'3:1.1::.ll,l support the

I C enar'-4 -' -. ,
r

i;'di-i,l!',liln.5llf.i'ffi i;';':Ti;; :!, ::;;,iJ':l',,:J'o,.3il :J.Ji;;o li;,F,::d^::i! ..',iti-o; iil:':T:::::,:;5 ing and scresning-or-ns,,/ ;#:: data r,,,ere j:F;yll;- :: i;i" i l ;::F:ii!', ili'':';:=ilii iJo!;l:,, Jl:t. ::f.'t:tJ';1, and inrormation
ilio=u"ii;oli;:: "=,-i.J' led data baseI;;:;5'Tljn.j::t^1::u
r.oo-ot',il'j;1,:l;.

'-"pjui;f.n::'}::;'??,l|.'ll'';:ijon*o,nuna East. -i:,;i (Tabte 4).

^l:ig.rch Laboratories j;i;;i; i.Ui, il;i,:; started

iilg;"#

Ort or-lirii

bv Edser'rood in:rliii;;;';;iunteers grards praciiceci ouiing'tuiti;g

siudies una'iiinica.r-i.iti"g',ri-,-h hunan ublurte.'^ *i:i;"1tlYi.?:lsonefs tron-roimesburs siaie prison Hn.rrcc\,,-^ n_ sru_ +;;:;.;'"ii,

f,.,of:ilI;i:'l,l:;,55';::::"i'J:,r:::.t g:t:ified EA#3r67 as a potential pa.tiiiiv in',Isil;;i;; lirSr 3i';i;; d ro und' i;- t; ;; -; ;;..i ;;.'.:jj,lj,l,g.]5t i g: t:g- :i#31 l7 v:i :ll'1 l' - - had.been oniy f:':::]^laa r tl.:.:is_rriih i,unans adninjs;:':;e-' li:.:l:g. Jc r un r rs oorenttal threat ];;'::I":.;j,l':^::^il::;:i-;;;;,il.'|ffi!!?..nl!I.'i;.,l.:,J? gigii .r t,.y i.'=on.=i' ii, ";;;:=dl'li'r'$ri:.;:. ga1i1y to U.S. VIp,s deed, it cou)d acn;nisteredl !e cc;pcund 9rr ioint effor! !,jil rinl-ro"i.rt the san ph:n;acolccica'r "i ti'EEoco"i.! i; :;,^'i ;'Fi_\';;i il-f ,;3.;i' 3oi1i,...,
r be

i:l;.;;fi''i!:l,i'll;;;;.i:;:iij;:ltil;,:;ir;;i;t;,.i:,:,:ll
*.r.
;oi tne i;....:ioz test.ins.uro
an:toEous

to

those

stiieo in

thu safe_
the

il

unc'lassi:.ied Report iiu;_-er \tI I, ikCi ca I Ars ena I , nanely:

nor.affi

i';r;-ii:"br-Rr n-*v 16il. ffii.';?"i Labcre.,crjes, of ;i::.

I D5g

of

iCgenooj

the

this org:ni_ or for incentive pay ra,ii;iec-as_ainduc:.:ent to ' test procecure'u.no-i.v'ir1.io; "o'.;:;.ron part oi tne ," i;i.;;i;.r
voJunteer except

subjcct r.l^t1i; test zation are vor unt:eii]' i:::: is

,,ihe-hun:n

ccnd.ylteC by

:;l;;';i;.1'::;f:l;"'r;.

oi br ccd itrinsent meoiiai sa;esu:rcst:sir:ns

surround

and

Although a finar report on this efforr ic na* thit in;Si,Oi can be eiio,^.r,,-.].-ofl_lr.n?t avai.lable, v/e r,/sre i: rn"u;;.:'::::l)'=lr ad-i nis'rered l;. : er;ecis 'las,ting i: to E"ni iti:' up

W6l'
med

:ijl; ti:

ld;.%
,jfGin"_3

ij;;;; ;: |i.

ne-cestuw

nfor^na.tioi ;;03;;"..iri:: on';;;-r.ioiur= ;lti;::l^j=::jtn,of fi.,3) 67-enc corlectf on of ;i'lttt' testino of ff::=31 67 enc coilectf on 11,9gir;:'.y tgis. gu..use ort'n3'il!l^!:::--o:y.iopments u,ur-i.rninated pro l0nged after effects aCiitional
f

:ffi;I

charoes I ill;.,' to the .ortr,= of :':j, lt. I t';ere made after i::iliidlprit-test;i' :;rnru-,rp; ^::-t r;j:i'ii "u=nl'ffI" tirit-aJi.'io" i i;f i:5liil''; *liij; ies t for ro
pcs t I I orv-

^ o u, * ru.=, io l'i

il;

;, ooil."

l'fn.

:l

TASLT

II
65/ 67
68
69

505

58.13 $

o?oit jJJ't

79, g:3

69,94 5 149,905
I 4 9,901

'1
'149,959

70
71
71

..
3,000
82,7 65
72
73

34,761

IJ

22,036

Tijlt

FY.

71

0li? 7r-c:n - - rrv

-

(re , cln .J JV
-

7? 73

'16,c50

32,657*
.

.*As

ar,ount.of s13,67.l.

of l6 li:rch .l973

S32,557 had been charged

eaving an unobJ igated

Yl^r

^ IILLF J

FT

Personal Sr,,cs. Contract

s7,645

70

,t-.

TREIiSFiRS TO
FY

E,,:.RL

Project

CHICllitiT

(o VU

IUJ +

,ql2,

og4

,-

70,
71'

5,000
37,000

,.

"- 1 .J.l

l',t ir:i

l'::l':0RAilDUil F0R:

0ffice of Inspector
ORD

General

ATTEI;TION
SU3JECT

Research and Develop4ent for intel i i gence Appl ications- of Drugs

1- At^"ache_d is, a descript.ion of - novr defunct op.D influencing human behavior wiIrr airgi. the u.iieve tirat-jt prograni for i ;;;i.ins nuch of the information you asrred for durini-or.-.oiversaiion
of-3i-Junru

?- As the_!,uTmary indicates, v.,ork rvith Edger,rood Laboretories (tnnl1 began'in igoz'and enleJ in igi:. Arsenar ResearchThe initiui part the vrork dealt rii'"h thE collectjon oi;h;;ir;i and other aesc.iptive of data on a variety of drugs developed in forei!n countries. Thjs-iegnent of R&D r';as not direct'ly related to the othei u,i''i.i, began fn early'1971. The la;'rer r'rork invorVed. testing specific drugl oi nrrin ,ul:.itil of this drug research progri, i,ere termjnitea in January .1973. Boih parts Funds transferred for the suppoit ot eniai!=;;;;;;gn coilection or'drug daia .l973. v;ere t'rithdrar'rn in- January rinil ciri.tui to the other hal f of the prcgram r'/ere ccnpleted by 3l llarch 1973. Ri tnat tir:re about'is:: of ihe original funds Hsre expenAea. 3. Our f i'res show that in _generar there is a cfrth of h:rd naiion on reporting the scieniiric resurti-on il.-t.iting-or"nununinfor:_ surjects. Because of the rapidity r.;itir riiriiri inis proj.it-,.',.r'iernin;,ued, final repcrts on some of the testing,r.ru pioouory not derivered.

ry

1975.

4' As far as I cen determine, the v;ork irith.EARL using hunan subjects focused on a substance identjfied is EA==31 6i. This substanie ently a 911'colate class chenicai ano_"g;-pi.riousiy devElcpec n., -pparor ioenti- nt f i ed as a pctentia'l 'incapaci'uant by EARL. tn. i.io= the'v;orI vras underta!'.en, there \','as sone indication that the soviErs r,rere knol,rn t,o be aciiv.ely r.;orlling in the glycolate area.

JA

nppi 'iiu

tioni of

;.,-

Drusi

,v.

---.iiL.JrllC-::r::

The records indicate ihat r^.as serected for this prosrarn of their existing project on fore.iln-i.rg_data coii'o.t;rn, 'ARL 3;'3ii3o?i,;::';.;;:l;'Jli.;-flil;;";3,il1:.ii:,r 62,-."a";;;;;;. they hrd
because

5.

effects of

that in nosi;;t;; side-eff..i, uppiared r,riir.'i,., i.rr'horrs it of injection and varied in duration from four hours to r9 days. The desjrable prinary effects did noi appear untjl aft.er s.iJe'!i;u.a, ,,ur. evident and varied
r';as found

orr..ici_ paiion a cooperative program. That cont!ntary bescri;;r";'.,-esi on .r9 jnto-three groups, each of;hi;h';;; hu;ian subjects divjded different dosease of tA"'3.l67. Regirding'the eriecti;f;;; ;rligneo a iii"i.ut,
from one hour to'90 hours.

6- The on'ry reference lve can find in our fires rerating to EA"-3]67 is a report by one or oui-perronn.i-;;;;;;.ing the on an IARL report. This, horvever, occurred in l,iay 1970 prirr"i. ";;; 'in

Director of Research
A',-iachment:

.-

and

evel opnent

infl uencing

lluman Behavior

+=
d

w
I

ATTACHMENT I)

r('

il'

23 June 1970

MEMORANDUM FOR: SUBJECT

: Review of EA -

2.-

316i7 Study

1. In this study, nineteen subjects were divided into three

groups which wexe treated with dosages of of experirnental agent 3167.
units /kg

Z. In the first group of six subjects, rneasurements of temperature, blood pressure, respiration, pulse, and pupil size, although showing sorne variation,did not reveal significant differences *hich could be related to drug syrnptornology. In every case, uldesirable syrnptorns -were noted, all six subjects experiencing'drowsinessil and "dry throat. " Of
the three cases of hullucination and rnental incapacitation, only one was of a serious nature and this adrnittedly rnay have been due to an additional accidental dose of the drug.

3. The second group Il units./tg) exhibited a variety of undesired side effects: drowsiness, dry or sore throat, nausea' loss of taste' blurred vision, heaviness in legs, lack of coordination. A11 seven subjects in this group experienced at least three of these syrnPtorrts. Four of the seven suJfered severe rnental incapacitation accorrrpanied by heightened s1'rnptornoiogy. In three of these seven cases a high puJse rate and dilated pupils could be related to drug action though the pupillary r.esponse was rnuch stronger. In subjects not strongly affected by the drug, a lorver pulse rate sornetirnes coincided with drowsiness and irnpairrnent of c oordination. 4. The group which received the highest dossage P.roved as variable as the others. Although each sub ject e-xhibited the usual syrnptornology, only trvo of the six were strongly affected. Those two hallucinated and

q
:l

EY[S

rt {

.-l-':y]fl
l-

-/

Srtt'f,
Page
2

dropped to scores of zero on their nurnbers facilities tests rvith concornitant increases in pulse rate and pupil size. The four other subjects shorved thought hindrance and lack of concentration but apparently as a consequence of extrerne'd-rowsiness.

5. In the rnajority of cases, the side effects appeared within 4 horirs after injection. Their duration varied from about 4 hours to l9 days. The. desirable prirnary effects generally did not aPPear till after the side effects were evident and in every case had a shorter duration, varying frorn I to 90 hours. 6. In the instance of rnental incapacitation, the rnore pronounced effects appeared to be inability to relate to surroundings or tirne, inability to rernernber narnes, and poor perforrnance on nurnbers facilities tests. Hallucinations were of both visual an-d auditory nature.

Patients would see and hear persons not there and speak to the-rn. Frequent cornplaints were bright lights or objects on the wal1 and roaches or flying insects in the roorn.

7. This study was sornewhat unprofessional and a trifle slipshod. The results are inconclusive. Apparently, the drug is not reliable at the dosage levels tested: only nine of the nineteen subjects experienced "desirable effectsr' (3 out of 6 atllunits /kg;4 out of 7 at]. units/kg; 2 out of 5 at Iunits/t<g1Uut all nineteen exhibited undesirable signs and/or syrnptorns

r}

1/

ATTACHMENT A

29 llay 1973

l'5i.iCR4,'DIll.1

FOR: Director of Fesearch

and Devel

op:=nt

STIEIECT:

Su:nary of project O}TE{ Clinical Tests at Ed5e;ocd

si:-o::5J-y sus;esiing the possibiliiy of ffIr 2. The Soviets vere kno.*:i to be actively wori:ing area. Xdgerood. had pa:-tialry investigated. ZA #3l:G7 .ia in the 8lycclate i"o"i ii effective l|Iff in a:i.naLs. rn adci.tion, -uhere nadrb"ento be sever2.r laboratory accidents in vhich ihe agent had r=cduced. irro!-onged. rsycroiic effects in labora:ory personnel_.

1- F-unds in the pnount oi $37,ooo r"r" tr=:sfer-:-ec to A:'sene-l on 17 ieb:r:ary 1971 for the pu:'pose of det,er=ining Sigesood effects of IA i3157, a glycolate clais che-ical rreviousl_y tire crinieal by Edgexood. Anali'sis of i-dgei,-ood. fi.le da-;a ha. fr agged.. oevelcoed. tirl" itll-L possessing r:nusual- loten"ial as a' incapacita:i,

3. Since

tbe

;'ere

da-va on in hr,.rers _nreviously acouired by EdgJxoodl;'.m inP.l

it vas hi6.r:J-y desirable that e:tisting sngrt couil^uer:easures aS

l+.

Sirul-'uaaeously, plans vere develoled to F6F1lr'>6/:|

include ilie

balbiturates, ete. The a:ent vas fcrrnri == solvenE vas Qlscovered. A detection -uest for r-3157 *.= d"rEGpec,-.but barbituraruS L't for:rd to co:nl et_e'l rr *: s'1, r.+ ;resence. to co:nletely =ask its

lrel-i=inary laborat,ory r.ork ;as unde:"e-l:en 'r,o iete:=jne the ot f _"167 . lo:k vas to d.evel-op J-aboratory tests to identiiy Ac:i^ri cnel-in btcod.. unier., ar,.en ihe age!:-, Fu:-iher lork r-as ca:-ried ouE on -,he naskin6 effect.s of suc:: co::lon cediciral-, hFs carrLeq cut -ch arp=io,

:;i;;;TiI=;'Ilj;"=:.!:TT:.:ff'::T:"-,.l5"1i_-i